江蘇省南通市如東+通州區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2025學(xué)年(上)期中質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)高一英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)考生在答題前請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀本注意事項(xiàng)及各題答題要求：1.本試卷包括選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。考生答題全部答在答題紙上，答在本試卷上無(wú)效。本次考試時(shí)間為120分鐘，滿分150分。考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題紙交監(jiān)考老師。2.答題前，請(qǐng)務(wù)必將自己的姓名、學(xué)校、班級(jí)、座位號(hào)用書寫黑色字跡的0.5毫米簽字筆填寫在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置，智學(xué)號(hào)與考試證號(hào)無(wú)需填寫，請(qǐng)把條形碼粘貼到答題卡相應(yīng)位置。3.答選擇題必須用2B鉛筆把答題紙上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答非選擇題必須用書寫黑色字跡的0.5毫米簽字筆寫在答題紙上的指定位置，在其它位置答題一律無(wú)效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1Whatisthemanaskingthewomantodo?A.Leadateam.B.Trustherself.C.Findaproject.2.Whatwillthewoman.giveMrs.Blackasagift?A.Acard.B.Apen.C.Anotebook.3.Howlonghasthewoman’sTVbeenused?A.For10years.B.For15years.C.For20years.4.Whatistheproblemwiththewoman’soffice?A.Itistoohot.B.Itistoosmall.C.Itistoofaraway.5.Wheredoesthewomanplantogothisweekend?A.Toanartmuseum.B.Toanewtown.C.Toarestaurant.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Shopassistantandcustomer.7.WhatwillJanedonext?A.Playfootball.B.Buysomepens.C.Takeoutthetrash.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatisthewomandoingnow?A.Studyingforanexam.B.Writinganessay.C.Playingmusic.9.Whatproblemdoesthewomanhaveathome?A.Hermusicplayerwon’twork.B.Herbedroomistoosmall.C.Herbrothersmakemuchnoise.10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inaclassroom.B.Inalibrary.C.Intheman’shome.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Caraccidents.B.Humandrivers.C.Driverlesscars.12.Howdoesthewomanknowofthecarscausingaccidents?A.Fromthenews.B.Fromtheman.C.Fromadriver.13.Whatwouldthewomanprefer?A.Ahumandriver.B.Amodernrobot.C.Atestedcar.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutChristmas?A.Excited.B.Anxious.C.Bored.15.HowmuchdoesthemanspendbuyingChristmasgiftsforhisfamily?A.$20.B.$80.C.$100.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Talkwithherfamily.B.Bookaholidayabroad.C.Playfootballwithfriends.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoisthespeaker?A.Anofficeworker.B.Atourguide.C.Ateacher.18.Whateventisthespeakergivinghisspeechat?A.Aretirementparty.B.Ahighschoolgraduation.C.Acompanywelcomeparty.19.Whatdoesthespeakerprobablythinkisimportanttosuccess?A.Doingpart-timework.B.Goingtouniversity.C.Keepinglearning.20.Whatadvicedoesthespeakergive?A.Seeingtheworld.B.Startingacareerearly.C.Gettingauniversitydegree.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AEnterthePinkLady①SnapIt!competitionforthechancetoimproveyourphotographyskills.Areyouaphotographer(攝影師)withenthusiasmfortakingphotosoffood?Ifso,thisistheperfectcompetitionforyou.TheLoveLifeMagazinehaspartneredwithPinkLady?offerreadersthechancetowinanonlinemasterclasswithprofessionalphotographerDavidLoftus.DavidLoftusiswell-knownforhismouth-wateringfoodphotography.Hehastakenphotosformanyofthemostsuccessfulrecipebooks,includingthosewrittenbyJamieOliver,afamousBritishchef.Davidwillsharehistoptipsfortakingbrilliantphotosoffoodinhisonlinemasterclasses,oneforchildrenaged6-11andtheotherforchildrenaged12-18.TheclasseswilltakeplaceonSaturday(February15,2025).The6-11sessionbeginsat10a.m.andendsat10:45a.m.,andthe12-18sessionat2:30p.m.to4p.m.Thisisagreatopportunitytolearnhowtogetthemostfromyourcameraorphone.TheskillsyoulearnfromDavidcouldevenhelpyouwinatthePinkLady?FoodPhotographeroftheYearAwards,themostfamousfoodphotographycompetitionintheworld.WhatyoucouldwinAnonlinephotographymasterclasswithphotographerDavidLoftusAfreeshoppingbagandasignedprintHowtoenterTobeenteredintothecompetition,visitpinklady.co.uk/snap-it-2025.Fillintheonlineformwithyourpersonalinformationandsubmit(提交)yourentries.Entrieswillcloseat9p.m.onFriday,January24,2025.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcancontactoureditors.Thenumberis82018907.Feelfreetocontactus!1.WhatcanweknowaboutthePinkLady?SnapIt!competition?A.Itisthemostfamousphotographycompetitionintheworld.B.Itisintendedforthosewhoareenthusiasticforcooking.C.TheLoveLifeMagazinealsoworksforthecompetition.D.Winnerscanreceiveaface-to-facephotographymasterclass.2.Whatshouldbedonetotakepartinthecompetition?A.EnterforthecompetitionontheInternet.B.SubmitentriesbeforeFebruary15,2025.C.Contacttheeditorsbygivingthemacall.D.PayavisittothePinkLady⑩company.3.Whereisthearticlemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Aresearchpaper. B.Acertainwebsite.C.Arecipebook. D.Anewsreport.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了PinkLady?SnapIt!攝影比賽的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheLoveLifeMagazinehaspartneredwithPinkLady?offerreadersthechancetowinanonlinemasterclasswithprofessionalphotographerDavidLoftus.( TheLoveLifeMagazine與粉紅佳人合作，為讀者提供贏得與專業(yè)攝影師大衛(wèi)·洛夫特斯一起參加在線大師班的機(jī)會(huì))”可知， TheLoveLifeMagazine參與了此次比賽的舉辦工作，故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Howtoenter下的“Tobeenteredintothecompetition,visitpinklady.co.uk/snap-it-2025.Fillintheonlineformwithyourpersonalinformationandsubmit(提交)yourentries.(若要參加比賽，請(qǐng)?jiān)L問pinklady.co.uk/snap-it-2025。用你的個(gè)人信息填寫在線表格并提交參賽作品)”可知，要參加比賽需要在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行相關(guān)操作，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Howtoenter“Tobeenteredintothecompetition,visitpinklady.co.uk/snap-it-2025.(若要參加比賽，請(qǐng)?jiān)L問pinklady.co.uk/snap-it-2025)”可知，文章可能來(lái)自某個(gè)網(wǎng)站，故選B項(xiàng)。BTenyearsago,whenaskedaboutpopularactivitiesforfun,manypeoplewouldsaygoingtoKTVoramusementparks.However,youngpeoplenowspendtheirfreetimeathealthclubs,orgettingtuina(推拿),orevenfootmassage(按摩)toexperiencetraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)practices,suchasacupuncture(針灸).Asurveyin2023byChinaYouthDailyshowedthat93.3%of1,000youngpeoplehavetriedTCM.ATCMdoctornamedMaHuifangsaidthatmanyyoungpeoplewerecomingtoherforhealthproblemslikeneckandbackpain,anddryeyes,whichusedtobeseniors’problems.Theseissuesarebecomingcommoninyoungpeoplebecauseofbadlifestylesandtoomuchstress.WhenchoosingbetweenWesternmedicineandTCM,youngpeoplelikeTCMbetterbecauseitworkswellfortheirhealthproblems.SomepeoplesayTCMisnotscientificenough,butMathinksTCMismoreaccurate(精確的)becauseittreatspeoplebasedontheirownneeds.TCMisbecomingabigpartofyoungpeople’slives.TheyarelearningTCMskillstohelpthemselvesandothers.JinYing,a25-year-oldstudentatMinzuUniversityofChina,isanenthusiastofTCM.ShelearnedacupunctureandtuinaatBeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine.Sheevenhelpedherroommatewithinsomnia(失眠)usingearseedsfromatherapy(療法)calledauricularacupointtherapy.JinalsofollowstheFiveElementstheoryinherdailylife.Inwinter,shesavesenergybynotsweatingtoomuch.Forher,learningTCMisaboutlivinganewwayoflifeandunderstandingChineseculture.“TCMhelpsyoungpeoplelearnaboutournationalheritage(遺產(chǎn))andseeitasatreasureofourculture.”Jinsays.4.Whatchangeshavetakenplaceinyoungpeople?A.Theyhavestoppedspendingtimeinhealthclubs.B.TheyhavebeguntogotoKTVandamusementparks.C.Theydependmoreonwesternmedicinefortreatment.D.Theyspendmoretimejoininginhealthyactivities.5.WhydoyoungpeoplepreferTCMtherapiesaccordingtoMaHuifang?A.Becausetheyareeffectivetreatments.B.Becausetheycanstopbadlifestyles.C.Becausetheycanhelprelievestress.D.Becausetheyarecheaperthanothers.6.WhydoesthewritermentionJinYing?A.Toshowhermedicalskills.B.ToprovetheacceptanceofTCM.C.Topraiseherforherkindness.DToexplaintheprogressofTCM.7.WhatdoweknowaboutTCMfromthelastparagraph?A.ItisbasedontheFiveElementstheory.B.ItiscommonforyoungpeopletolearnTCM.C.ItcanhelppeopleunderstandChineseculture.D.Itcanhelppeoplestopsweatingtoomuch.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了現(xiàn)在年輕人更喜歡中醫(yī)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“However,youngpeoplenowspendtheirfreetimeathealthclubs,orgettingtuina(推拿),orevenfootmassagetoexperiencetraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)practices,suchasacupuncture(針灸).(然而，現(xiàn)在的年輕人把空閑時(shí)間花在健身俱樂部，或做按摩，甚至足底按摩，以體驗(yàn)中醫(yī)（TCM）的療法，如針灸。)”可知，現(xiàn)在年輕人花更多的時(shí)間參加健康類的活動(dòng)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhenchoosingbetweenWesternmedicineandTCM,youngpeoplelikeTCMbetterbecauseitworkswellfortheirhealthproblems.(當(dāng)選擇西醫(yī)和中醫(yī)時(shí)，年輕人更喜歡中醫(yī)，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)他們的健康問題有很好的效果。)”可知，在MaHuifang看來(lái)年輕人更喜歡中醫(yī)是因?yàn)橹嗅t(yī)的療效很好。故選A。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“TCMisbecomingabigpartofyoungpeople’slives.TheyarelearningTCMskillstohelpthemselvesandothers.(中醫(yī)正在成為年輕人生活的重要組成部分。他們正在學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)技巧來(lái)幫助自己和他人。)”以及下文JinYing的例子可推斷，作者寫JinYing的例子是為了體現(xiàn)中醫(yī)在年輕人當(dāng)中的接受度。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Forher,learningTCMisaboutlivinganewwayoflifeandunderstandingChineseculture.“TCMhelpsyoungpeoplelearnaboutournationalheritage(遺產(chǎn))andseeitasatreasureofourculture,”Jinsays.(對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)習(xí)中醫(yī)是一種新生活方式、了解中國(guó)文化。金說(shuō)：“中醫(yī)幫助年輕人了解我們的民族遺產(chǎn)，并將其視為我們文化的瑰寶?！?”可知中醫(yī)可以幫助人們了解中國(guó)文化。故選C項(xiàng)。CScientistshaveknownforalongtimethatthecolorofaroomorthelightinitcanaffectourfeelings.Manyprisonsandhospitalshaveroomsthatarepaintedpink,forpinkhasacalmingeffect.Then,whatroledoescolorplayintheinteractionwithfood?Anewstudyhasdiscoveredforusthelinkbetweencolorandfoodcognition(認(rèn)知).ProfessorFalfanandhisteamcarriedoutthisstudybyaskingparticipants(參與者)torecognizefoodpicturesinblackandwhite.Theresultwasinagreementwithhisformerprediction(猜測(cè)).Althoughcolorisnotadecisivefactor,ithasaclearinfluenceonfoodrecognition.Withoutcolor,peopleunsurprisinglymademoremistakesandit’seasytomistakedifferentdishesasthesamefood.However,thisincreaseinerrorratesdoesnotchangetheaccuracy(準(zhǔn)確)offoodrecognitionamongdifferentpeople.Thosewithahighervisual(視覺的)abilityalwaysdidbetter.Thentheresearchersraisedanewquestion:Wouldpeoplewithcolorblindnessbelessfoodneophobic(挑食的)thanthosewithnormalcolorcognition?Theygatheredparticipantswithcolorblindnessandrequiredthemtofillinaquestionnaire(問卷)thatmeasureshowresistant(抵制的)theyaretonewfoods.Theresultsuggestedthatcolorblindpeopleareindeedlesslikelytobefoodneophobicthannon-colorblindpeople,becausethelimitedcolorsthatcolorblindpeoplecanseereducethesignalsthatmayraisefreshness.safetyoranxietyaboutnewfoods.Sothatiswhycoloraffectsfoodcognition.Theresearchersbelievethatcolorfulfoodstendtoattractourvisualattentionmore,thusimprovingourcognitiveabilityoffood.Moreover,colormayalsobeconnectedwiththenutritionalvalueoffood.Althoughthishasnotbeenfullyproved,brightlycoloredfoodsoftengivetheimpression(印象)ofahealthierandmorenutritiousdiet.Therefore,peopletendtoprefermealswitharangeofcolorfulfoods.8.HowdidprofessorFalfanandhisteamcarryouttheirresearch?A.Bydoingexperimentsandsurveys.B.Bystudyingdatafromotherresearches.C.Byobservingfoodindifferentcolors.D.Byinterviewingsomecolorblindpeople.9.Accordingtothestudy,whyarecolorblindpeoplelesslikelytobefoodneophobic?A.Recausetheyhaveamuchhighervisualability.B.Becausetheyhavelessinterestintastingfoods.C.Becausetheirattentionismoreattractedbyfoodcolors.D.Becausetheirfeelingsarelessinfluencedbyfoodcolors.10.Whatisthereasonforpeoplepreferringcolorfulfoods?A.Theyremindthemofgoodmemories. B.Theyhelpreducetheirnegativefeelings.C.Theylookhealthierandmorenutritious. D.Theyoftenhaveabettersmellandtaste.11.Whatistheprimaryconclusionofthestudy?A.Colorplaysanimportantroleinfoodcognition.B.Colorhasmuchinfluenceonpeople’sfeelings.C.Colorblindnessmakespeoplemorefoodneophobic.D.Colorisconnectedwiththenutritionalvalueoffood.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，顏色和食物認(rèn)知之間存在著密切的聯(lián)系。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“ProfessorFalfanandhisteamcarriedoutthisstudybyaskingparticipants(參與者)torecognizefoodpicturesinblackandwhite.(Falfan教授和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過讓參與者識(shí)別食品的黑白圖片來(lái)進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究。)”和第三段“Thentheresearchersraisedanewquestion:Wouldpeoplewithcolorblindnessbelessfoodneophobic(挑食的)thanthosewithnormalcolorcognition?Theygatheredparticipantswithcolorblindnessandrequiredthemtofillinaquestionnaire(問卷)thatmeasureshowresistant(抵制的)theyaretonewfoods.(然后，研究人員提出了一個(gè)新的問題：色盲患者是否比正常顏色認(rèn)知的人更不挑食？他們征集了色盲參與者，并要求他們填寫一份問卷，以衡量他們對(duì)新食物的抵制程度。)”可知，F(xiàn)alfan教授和其團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究是通過做實(shí)驗(yàn)以及調(diào)查人群來(lái)完成的。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Theresultsuggestedthatcolorblindpeopleareindeedlesslikelytobefoodneophobicthannon-colorblindpeople,becausethelimitedcolorsthatcolorblindpeoplecanseereducethesignalsthatmayraisefreshness,safetyoranxietyaboutnewfoods.(結(jié)果表明，與非色盲人群相比，色盲人群確實(shí)更不容易挑食，因?yàn)樯と巳耗芸吹降挠邢揞伾珳p少了可能提高新鮮度、安全性或?qū)π率澄锝箲]感的信號(hào)。)”可知，色盲人群更不易挑食是因?yàn)轭伾娜笔?dǎo)致他們對(duì)食物的認(rèn)知受影響的程度更低。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Althoughthishasnotbeenfullyproved,brightlycoloredfoodsoftengivetheimpression(印象)ofahealthierandmorenutritiousdiet.Therefore,peopletendtoprefermealswitharangeofcolorfulfoods.(盡管這一點(diǎn)尚未得到充分證實(shí)，但色彩鮮艷的食物往往給人一種更健康、更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的飲食印象。因此，人們往往更喜歡吃各種五顏六色的食物。)”可知，人們喜歡色彩鮮艷的食物是因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)給人一種更健康、更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的印象，即看起來(lái)更健康、更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)。故選C?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Then,whatroledoescolorplayintheinteractionwithfood?Anewstudyhasdiscoveredforusthelinkbetweencolorandfoodcognition(認(rèn)知).(那么，顏色在與食物的交互中起著什么作用呢？一項(xiàng)新的研究為我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了顏色與食物認(rèn)知之間的聯(lián)系)”及第二段中“Althoughcolorisnotadecisivefactor,ithasaclearinfluenceonfoodrecognition.(盡管顏色不是決定性因素，但對(duì)于食物認(rèn)知還是有著明確的影響)”可知，研究的結(jié)論是顏色對(duì)于食物認(rèn)知有著明確的影響，與A選項(xiàng)“顏色在食物認(rèn)知中扮演者重要角色”描述相符。故選A。DDoestechnologyreplacemorejobsthanitcreates?Whatisthebalancebetweenthesetwothings?Untilnow,thathasnotbeencompletelymeasured.However,anewresearchprojectledbyMITeconomistDavidAutorhasdevelopedananswer,atleastforU.S.historysince1940.Thestudyusesnewmethodstoexaminehowmanyjobshavebeenlostbecauseofmachineautomation(自動(dòng)化),andhowmanyjobshavebeencreatedthroughaugmentation(擴(kuò)增),inwhichtechnologycreatesnewchancesandtasks.Inthisresearch,Autorandhisworkmatesstudiedabout35,000jobs,recordinghowtheyappearovertime.ThatledthemtofindthattechnologyhasreplacedmoreU.S.jobsthanithascreated,particularlysince1980.“Clearly,from1980tothepresent,thereisafasterrateofautomationandaslowerrateofaugmentationthanintheformer40years,”saysAutor.From1940to1980,forexample,jobslikeelevatoroperatorandtypesetter(排字工人)weregettingautomated.Butatthesametime,moreworkersfilledrolessuchasshippingandreceivingclerks,buyers,departmentheadsandindustrialengineers.From1980to2020,thenumberofmachinists(機(jī)械工)droppedbecauseofautomation,whileoperationsandsystemsresearchersenjoyedgrowth.Finally,theresearchsuggeststhatthenegativeeffectsofautomationonemploymentweremorethantwiceasgreatinthe1980-2020periodasinthe1940-1980period.Therewasamorepositivechangeintheeffectofaugmentationonemploymentin1980-2020comparedto1940-1980.Automationandaugmentationoftenhappenwithinthesameindustries.Withinthesamelargecompany,theremaybefewermachinistsbutmoresystemsresearchers.“Technologyisreallymakingadifference,”Autorsays.“Itmaysubstitutesomeexpertknowledgeorskills,butmayadddecision-makingtasks.Ittakesawhiletofigurethemout.”12.WhatdoesAutor’sstudyfocuson?A.Thekeytosearchingforajob. B.Thesolutionstotakingupnewtasks.C.Theinfluenceofnewtechnologyonjobs. D.Theapplicationofmachinestoindustry.13.Howdoestheauthorprovehisideainparagraph3?A.Bylistingfigures. B.Byraisingquestions.C.Bytellingstories. D.Bygivingexamples.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“substitute”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Dependon. B.Taketheplaceof.C.Takecontrolof. D.Concentrateon.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AreJobsMoreChallengingorMoreFriendly?B.AreNewTechnologiesJobKillersorCreators?C.WhichIsBetter,AutomationorAugmentation?D.WhoAreMoreEfficient,HumansorMachines?【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了技術(shù)的發(fā)展對(duì)就業(yè)的影響?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thestudyusesnewmethodstoexaminehowmanyjobshavebeenlostbecauseofmachineautomation(自動(dòng)化),andhowmanyjobshavebeencreatedthroughaugmentation(擴(kuò)增),inwhichtechnologycreatesnewchancesandtasks.(這項(xiàng)研究使用了新的方法來(lái)研究機(jī)器自動(dòng)化導(dǎo)致了多少工作崗位的流失，以及技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了多少新的機(jī)會(huì)和任務(wù)，從而創(chuàng)造了多少工作崗位。)”可知，奧托的研究重點(diǎn)是新技術(shù)對(duì)就業(yè)的影響。故選C。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“‘Clearly,from1980tothepresent,thereisafasterrateofautomationandaslowerrateofaugmentationthanintheformer40years,’saysAutor.From1940to1980,forexample,jobslikeelevatoroperatorandtypesetter(排字工人)weregettingautomated.Butatthesametime,moreworkersfilledrolessuchasshippingandreceivingclerks,buyers,departmentheadsandindustrialengineers.From1980to2020,thenumberofmachinists(機(jī)械工)droppedbecauseofautomation,whileoperationsandsystemsresearchersenjoyedgrowth.(很明顯，從1980年到現(xiàn)在，與過去40年相比，自動(dòng)化的速度更快，而人工智能的增長(zhǎng)速度更慢，”奧托爾說(shuō)。例如，從1940年到1980年，電梯操作員和排字工等工作正在實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化。但與此同時(shí)，更多的工人填補(bǔ)了運(yùn)輸和接收管理員、采購(gòu)員、部門主管和工業(yè)工程師等職位。從1980年到2020年，由于自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，機(jī)械師的數(shù)量下降了，而操作和系統(tǒng)研究人員的數(shù)量卻有所增加。)”可知，舉出了從1940年到980年，電梯操作員和排字工等工作正在實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化的例子?？芍谌巫髡咄ㄟ^舉例子的方式。故選D。【14題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Automationandaugmentationoftenhappenwithinthesameindustries.Withinthesamelargecompany,theremaybefewermachinistsbutmoresystemsresearchers(自動(dòng)化和增強(qiáng)通常發(fā)生在相同的行業(yè)中。在同一家大公司里，機(jī)械師可能更少，但系統(tǒng)研究人員可能更多)”以及畫線詞后“butmayadddecision-makingtasks.(但可能會(huì)增加決策任務(wù)。)”可知，技術(shù)可能會(huì)增加決策任務(wù)，而前文提到的“substitute”與“增加決策任務(wù)”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以指的是“技術(shù)可能取代一些專家知識(shí)或者技能”，劃線單詞的意思應(yīng)與“取代。意義相近。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Doestechnologyreplacemorejobsthanitcreates?Whatisthebalancebetweenthesetwothings?Untilnow,thathasnotbeencompletelymeasured.However,anewresearchprojectledbyMITeconomistDavidAutorhasdevelopedananswer,atleastforU.S.historysince1940.(科技取代的工作比創(chuàng)造的工作多嗎？這兩者之間的平衡是什么？到目前為止，這一點(diǎn)還沒有得到完全的衡量。然而，麻省理工學(xué)院（MIT）經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家戴維?奧托爾（DavidAutor）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)新研究項(xiàng)目給出了答案，至少是針對(duì)1940年以來(lái)的美國(guó)歷史。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要說(shuō)明的是技術(shù)的發(fā)展對(duì)就業(yè)的影響；討論了新技術(shù)是否取代了更多的工作還是創(chuàng)造了更多的工作。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PeoplearespendinglikeneverbeforeontheirpetsThereislittle,itseemsthatpeoplewon’tdofortheirpets.Thisisnotlimitedtoanyparticularcountryorregion.____16____Thatismorethantheyspentonchildcare.Inthiscase,petindustryhasbecomebigbusiness.Mars,acompanybestknownforitschocolatebarsforpets,madetwo-thirdsofitsincomelastyearfrompet-care.BesidesowningtheRoyalCaninpet-foodbrand,thecompanyalsooperatesthousandsofvethospitals.Atpresent,thoughfacinghigherpricesandacoolingjobmarket,petownershavebeenunwillingtocutbackonspendingfortheirpets.MorganStanley,abank,predictspetspendinginAmericawillgrowby2.5%thisyear.Thepetbusinessprovedsimilarlystrongduringthepandemic(疫情),aslonelypeopleadopted(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))animalsandspentgenerouslyonthem.____17____.Behindthatisachangeintherelationshipbetweenpetsandhumans.____18____“Petshavegonefromthebackyardtothelivingroomtothebedroom,”saysLoYeMoutault,headofthepetdivisionatMars.Formany,petsareconsideredfamilymembers,andthisemotionalconnectiondrivesspendingdecisions.____19____Youngerownersaremorelikelytotaketheirpetstothevetmoreoftenandtobuythemmoregifts.About95%ofGenZowners(bornbetween1995and2009),surveyedlastyearbytheAmericanPetProductsAssociation,saidtheyboughttheirdogagiftatleastonceayear,comparedwith81%ofboomers(bornbetween1946and1965).____20____Aspetscontinuetobeseenasfamilymembers,itisexpectedthatspendingonthemwillremainhigh.A.Therearedifferencesinpetspendingacrossagegroups.B.Petspendingweregreatlyinfluencedduringthepandemic.C.Ownersincreasinglyseethemselvesasparents,notmasters.D.Thisshowspeople’slastingdevotiontopetcare,eveninthefaceofhardtimes.E.Dogs,catsandotheranimalsareluckyenoughtobewelcomedintosuchfamilies.F.InAmerica,petspendingreached$186billionlastyear,coveringeverythingfromfoodtovetvisits.G.Theaveragecostofthosegiftswasabout$44amongGenZownerswhileonly$17amongboomers.【答案】16.F17.D18.C19.A20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了人們?cè)趯櫸锷砩系南M(fèi)呈現(xiàn)出前所未有的高水平這一現(xiàn)象。【16題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Thatismorethantheyspentonchildcare.(那比他們?cè)趦和Ｓ系幕ㄙM(fèi)還要多。)”可知，空處應(yīng)是提到了具體的花費(fèi)金額，與F項(xiàng)“InAmerica,petspendingreached$186billionlastyear,coveringeverythingfromfoodtovetvisits.(在美國(guó)，去年寵物支出達(dá)到1860億美元，涵蓋了從食品到獸醫(yī)就診的方方面面。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故選F項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thepetbusinessprovedsimilarlystrongduringthepandemic(疫情),aslonelypeopleadopted(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))animalsandspentgenerouslyonthem.(疫情期間，寵物生意同樣強(qiáng)勁，因?yàn)楣陋?dú)的人們領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了動(dòng)物，并在它們身上慷慨花費(fèi)。)”可知，在疫情期間人們對(duì)寵物消費(fèi)的態(tài)度沒有變化，與D項(xiàng)“Thisshowspeople’slastingdevotiontopetcare,eveninthefaceofhardtimes.(這表明人們對(duì)寵物護(hù)理的持久熱愛，即使在困難時(shí)期也是如此。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故選D項(xiàng)。18題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Formany,petsareconsideredfamilymembers,andthisemotionalconnectiondrivesspendingdecisions.(對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，寵物被視為家庭成員，這種情感聯(lián)系推動(dòng)了消費(fèi)決策。)”可知，人們與寵物的關(guān)系發(fā)生了變化，把寵物當(dāng)作家庭成員，與C項(xiàng)“Ownersincreasinglyseethemselvesasparents,notmasters.(物主越來(lái)越多地將自己視為父母，而不是主人。)”上下文一致，體現(xiàn)了人們與寵物的關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)變，符合文意，故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Youngerownersaremorelikelytotaketheirpetstothevetmoreoftenandtobuythemmoregifts.(年輕的主人更有可能更頻繁地帶他們的寵物去看獸醫(yī)，并為它們購(gòu)買更多的禮物。)”可知，不同年齡的人對(duì)與寵物消費(fèi)的態(tài)度不同，與A項(xiàng)“Therearedifferencesinpetspendingacrossagegroups.(不同年齡段的寵物消費(fèi)存在差異。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“About95%ofGenZowners(bornbetween1995and2009),surveyedlastyearbytheAmericanPetProductsAssociation,saidtheyboughttheirdogagiftatleastonceayear,comparedwith81%ofboomers(bornbetween1946and1965).(美國(guó)寵物用品協(xié)會(huì)去年調(diào)查的Z世代主人（出生于1995年至2009年之間）中約有95%表示，他們每年至少給狗買一次禮物，而嬰兒潮一代（出生于1946年至1965年之間）的這一比例為81%。)”，可知，兩個(gè)群里給寵物買禮物的平均花費(fèi)是不同的，與G項(xiàng)“InAmerica,petspendingreached$186billionlastyear,coveringeverythingfromfoodtovetvisits.(在美國(guó)，去年寵物支出達(dá)到1860億美元，涵蓋了從食品到獸醫(yī)就診的方方面面。)”上下文一致，是對(duì)前文的進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，符合文意，故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。WhenIwas15,Ijoinedanexchangestudentprogram.IwassenttoGermanyaloneandlivedwithahostfamily.Manypeoplemightthinkhow____21____thisgirlwas!Actually,itwasmycuriositythatdrovemetosayyestothisadventure.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwouldbeaveryniceand____22____trip,butmylackofknowingaboutthepossibledifficultyofthetripmadeitmore____23____thanexpected.ThefirstdayIwenttothelocalhighschoolwasahuge____24____forme.Ithoughtthatmyspecialbackgroundwould____25____manypeoplewhowouldcomeovertotalktomeorevenjusttogreetme.However,the____26____wasthatnoonecame,andIremainedaloneforaverylongtime.Ifeltespecially____27____,andIwonderedwhyIhadcometothiscountry.Fortunately,withthehelpofmyhostfamily,Isoon____28____fromthebadmoodIhadfoundmyselfin.AssoonasmyhostfamilyfiguredoutthatIhadno____29____inschool,myhostmomcameandtalkedtome.Shegavemesomesuggestionsonhowtomakefriends,suchas_____30_____asportsclubandinvitingmyclassmatestowatchamovie.Surprisingly,allofthetipsshegavemeworked!_____31_____,afterthreeweeks,Imadesomegoodfriends.ShealsotoldmethatIcould_____32_____myculturetomyclassmates.Then,IstartedtoprepareaPowerPointanda_____33_____formyclassmates.Myteachergavemeanhourtopresentit.Tomygreatjoy,theyalllovedChinesecultureandhadagood_____34_____listeningtomyintroduction.Afterthoseexperiences,I’velearnedthateverythingmaybe_____35_____atfirst,butwhenIfaceaproblemandtrytosolveit,I’mhalfwaytosuccess.21.A.beautiful B.brave C.careful D.calm22.A.smooth B.secure C.shallow D.similar23.A.boring B.challenging C.disappointing D.enjoyable24.A.step B.success C.failure D.chance25.A.require B.force C.encourage D.attract26.A.opportunity B.reality C.facility D.memory27.A.sad B.tired C.proud D.amazed28.A.suffered B.struggled C.recovered D.recognized29.A.relatives B.targets C.experts D.friends30.A.attending B.joining C.running D.focusing31.A.Strangely B.Equally C.Originally D.Finally32.A.produce B.compare C.introduce D.improve33.A.speech B.forum C.conversation D.discussion34.A.treatment B.thought C.time D.talent35.A.natural B.beneficial C.different D.tough【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.D32.C33.A34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者15歲參加了一個(gè)交換生項(xiàng)目，被單獨(dú)送到德國(guó)，原以為自己會(huì)很受歡迎，作者遭到冷遇，在寄宿家庭的幫助下，作者交到了朋友，適應(yīng)了那里的生活?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：許多人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這個(gè)女孩是多么勇敢?。.beautiful美麗的；B.brave勇敢的；C.careful仔細(xì)的；D.calm冷靜的。根據(jù)上文“IwassenttoGermanyaloneandlivedwithahostfamily.”可知，作者15歲只身前往德國(guó)求學(xué)，這是很勇敢的行為。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，我認(rèn)為這將是一次非常愉快和順利旅行，但我不知道旅行可能的困難，這使得它比預(yù)期的更具挑戰(zhàn)性。A.smooth順利的；B.secure安全的；C.shallow淺的；D.similar相似的。根據(jù)句意以及上文“verynice”可知，此處用“smooth”構(gòu)成并列，與下文的“challenging”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，表明事實(shí)并非作者想的那樣愉快和順利，反而充滿挑戰(zhàn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，我認(rèn)為這將是一次非常愉快和順利的旅行，但我不知道旅行可能的困難，這使得它比預(yù)期的更具挑戰(zhàn)性。A.boring無(wú)聊的；B.challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.enjoyable愉快的。根據(jù)上文的“mylackofknowingaboutthepossibledifficultyofthetrip”和下文作者遭到冷遇可知，這次求學(xué)旅行因作者的失算變得更具有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選B項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我去當(dāng)?shù)馗咧械牡谝惶鞂?duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的失敗。A.step步伐；B.success成功；C.failure失?。籇.chance機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)上文“mylackofknowingaboutthepossibledifficultyofthetripmadeitmore____3____thanexpected”可知，這次求學(xué)旅行很具挑戰(zhàn)性，說(shuō)明作者去當(dāng)?shù)馗咧械牡谝惶焓且粓?chǎng)失敗的經(jīng)歷。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析，句意：我以為我的特殊背景會(huì)吸引很多人過來(lái)和我說(shuō)話，甚至來(lái)問候我。A.require要求；B.force迫使；C.encourage鼓勵(lì)；D.attract吸引。根據(jù)下文“manypeoplewhowouldcomeovertotalktomeorevenjusttogreetme”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己的特殊背景會(huì)吸引很多人來(lái)和自己交談。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，現(xiàn)實(shí)是沒有人來(lái)，我獨(dú)自呆了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。A.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；B.reality現(xiàn)實(shí)；C.facility設(shè)施