2025年高中英語(yǔ)第18講 閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（學(xué)生版）-新高二英語(yǔ)暑假銜接（人教版）

第18講閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文1．了解說(shuō)明文的解題方法與技巧。2．進(jìn)行說(shuō)明文真題訓(xùn)練。閱讀理解說(shuō)明文，是對(duì)事物或事理進(jìn)行客觀說(shuō)明的一種文體，它以說(shuō)明為主要表達(dá)方式，通過(guò)解說(shuō)事物或闡明事例，達(dá)到教人以知識(shí)的目的。在結(jié)構(gòu)上往往采用總分、遞進(jìn)等方式按一定的順序（如時(shí)間、空間、從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)）進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。最近五年，說(shuō)明文的出現(xiàn)變化不大，一直很穩(wěn)定，選材通常是各學(xué)科的前沿問題；高科技領(lǐng)域的科研成果；人們比較關(guān)心的社會(huì)問題；人文方面的經(jīng)典。由于閱讀理解題的設(shè)置采用漸進(jìn)式，即由簡(jiǎn)到難的方式，因此說(shuō)明文是高考試卷中閱讀理解題中相對(duì)比較難的，通常后置。說(shuō)明文是對(duì)事物或事理進(jìn)行客觀說(shuō)明的一種文體，在新高考卷的閱讀理解中每年都涉及到說(shuō)明文的考查，是必考問題之一。從命題形式上來(lái)看，說(shuō)明文閱讀?？贾髦即笠忸}和猜義題。說(shuō)明文一般層次分明，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，邏輯關(guān)系清晰。因此考生在備考時(shí)要多加關(guān)注，勤加練習(xí)。說(shuō)明文的選材都是各專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的前沿問題，尤以科技類說(shuō)明文居多。說(shuō)明文的詞匯和句式的運(yùn)用比其他體裁文章而言，難度更大。詞匯運(yùn)用靈活，同一個(gè)詞的不同詞性用法交替出現(xiàn)。未列入考綱的生詞較多，專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)也多，且對(duì)考生而言比較陌生。文章中的長(zhǎng)難句比較多。這些都導(dǎo)致考生在閱讀時(shí)難度很大。解題技巧高考閱讀理解題的設(shè)問主要圍繞以下四方面：細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題、主旨大意題、推理判斷題、猜測(cè)詞義題。其中，說(shuō)明文主要以細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)、主旨大意和猜測(cè)詞義三方面問題為主。一、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題屬于細(xì)節(jié)類型的閱讀理解題一般只針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)，題型可以多種多樣。此類題型一般分兩種。第一種是直接理解題，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二種是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，正確選項(xiàng)是原文有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。做此類試題一定要抓住事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、發(fā)展過(guò)程和結(jié)局等環(huán)節(jié)，所選答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生義。這類題型的主要提問方式常為：①Whichofthefollowingistrue/NOTtrueinthepassage?②WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTdiscussed/mentionedinthepassage?③Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?④AllthefollowingstatementsareNOTtrueexcept

.細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般采用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對(duì)比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率，節(jié)省了寶貴的時(shí)間。尋讀法還特別適用于對(duì)圖形表格類題材的理解。做此類型的題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)中有許多功能詞，如：表因果關(guān)系的because,since,as等；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等等。二、詞義猜測(cè)類題型在高考閱讀題中，考生遇到的最大障礙往往有兩個(gè)：一是被已認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的某一熟知含義所誤導(dǎo)；二是被完全不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的意思所阻礙，從而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難，影響閱讀的速度。其實(shí)解決這兩個(gè)困難的一個(gè)重要法寶是考生在心目中樹立起上下文觀念，要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜"，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞，語(yǔ)法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。在閱讀解題時(shí)要注意從以下七個(gè)方面著手：1）根據(jù)定義或解釋、說(shuō)明猜測(cè)生詞的詞義在be，becalled，call等判斷詞出現(xiàn)的判斷句中，或定語(yǔ)從句及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，可以根據(jù)已知部分，猜測(cè)生詞的含義。例如：Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.通過(guò)理解定語(yǔ)從句的意思，能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。2）根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)生詞的詞義在but，however，yet，otherwise，though這些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，其前后的詞有明顯對(duì)比關(guān)系，根據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容，通過(guò)這種對(duì)比關(guān)系，就很容易猜出生詞的詞義了。例如：ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.和clean意思相對(duì)的便是“骯臟的”了，因此可猜出句中g(shù)rubby的意思是“骯臟的”。3）通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義because,since與as是連接原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞，so是連接表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞，so...that與such...that中的that是連接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的。當(dāng)這些信息詞出現(xiàn)在有生詞的句子中，通過(guò)因果關(guān)系，依據(jù)已知部分就能猜出生詞的詞義。例如：Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.根據(jù)because從句所講的意思，我們就可推測(cè)trim就是“修剪”之意。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力，自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及生活常識(shí)。再聯(lián)系上下文能讀懂的部分，可以正確猜出詞義。例如：Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.根據(jù)句子意思及生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，wither表示“枯萎”。5）根據(jù)同等關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義同等關(guān)系，指的是一個(gè)詞，一組詞或短語(yǔ)在句中作同一成分，而且它們的詞義都屬于同一范疇。明顯的標(biāo)志是，這樣的詞組或短語(yǔ)中間常常用并列連詞and或or來(lái)連接。例如：Atforty-twohewasinhisprimeandalwaysfullofenergy.從“年齡42歲”以及與prime具有同等關(guān)系的fullofenergy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年時(shí)期”。6）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義根據(jù)學(xué)過(guò)的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，知道詞根和前綴或后綴的意義，就可猜出由它們組成的新詞詞義。三、主旨大意類題型主旨大意類題型主要測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎樣把握主旨大意題呢？通常有以下幾種方法：（一）閱讀文章的標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題文章的標(biāo)題是一篇文章的題眼，通過(guò)閱讀標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。（二）尋找文章的主題句分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出文章主題。在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說(shuō)明文和議論文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀短文的第一句或第二句,即文章的主題句來(lái)歸納出文章的主題.若短文由若干段組成，除仔細(xì)閱讀第一段的首句外，還須仔細(xì)閱讀每一段的第一句，即段落中心.通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有時(shí)也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用來(lái)說(shuō)明和闡述主題句。因此，在確定文章的中心思想時(shí)，要求學(xué)生重視閱讀文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常貫穿在全文中，因此要求學(xué)生綜觀全文，對(duì)段落的內(nèi)容要融會(huì)貫通，對(duì)文章透徹理解后歸納總結(jié)。主題句的特點(diǎn)是：1.相對(duì)于其他句子，它表達(dá)的意思比較概括；2.主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單；3.段落中其他句子必定是用來(lái)解釋,支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的思想的。（2023春·湖北十堰·高二房縣第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）Theideathatredmeansstopandgreenmeansgohasimpactedourlivesinmorewaysthanjusttrafficsignals.Wehavebeentaughtfromayoungagethatthecolorredmeansdangerandgreenmeansit’sokaytomoveforward.Butwhywerethoseparticularcolorschosenfortrafficlightsinthefirstplace?Forsomethingwehavetolookateveryday,whycouldn’ttheyhavebeenprettiercolorslikemagentaandpurple?Well,it’simportanttoknowthatbeforetrafficlightsforcarsevenbecameathing,thereweretrafficsignalsfortrains.Atfirst,railroadcompaniesusedredtomeanstop,whitetomeango,andgreentomeancaution.Asyoucouldimagine,trainconductorsranintoafewproblemswithwhitemeaninggo.Forinstance,onetrainconductormistookabrightstarforawhitelightandthoughthewasallclear.Well,asyoucanimagine,anaccidentoccurred.Becauseofcommonincidentslikethat,railwaycompanieseventuallyproposedgreenmeaninggo,andit’sbeenthatwayeversince.Asfarasredgoes,that’salwaysbeenacolorthatindicateddanger,longbeforecarswereevenaround.Thismostlikelystartedbecauseit’sthecolorwiththelongestwavelengthsoitcanbeseenfromagreaterdistancethanothercolors.Asfarasyellowgoes,itwasusedtocautiondriversbecauseithasaslightlyshorterwavelengththanred,butnotasshortasgreen.But,believeitornot,yellowwasonceusedtomeanstoptheflowoftraffic,atleastasfarassignsgo.Backinthe1900s,somestopsignswereyellowbecauseitwastoohardtoseearedsigninapoorlylitarea.Eventually,materialsweredevelopedthatwerehighlyreflectiveandredstopsignswereborn.Sinceyellowcanbeseenwellatalltimesoftheday,schoolzones,sometrafficsigns,andschoolbusescontinuetobepaintedyellow.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clear”meaninthesecondParagraph?A．Withoutdoubt. B．Easytounderstand. C．Cloudlessinthesky. D．Freefromdangers.2．Whichofthefollowingcolorshasthelongestwave?A．Purple. B．Yellow. C．White. D．Red.3．Whichofthefollowingeventscamelast?A．Trafficsignalsfortrainscameintobeing.B．Railwayincidentshappenedfrequently.C．Yellowiswidelyusedforitsspecialcharacter.D．Railwaycompanieschosegreenmeaninggo.4．What’sthepurposeoftheauthor’swritingthispassage?A．Toentertain. B．Toinform. C．Topersuade. D．Toadvertise.（2023春·貴州遵義·高二遵義市南白中學(xué)校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）Thepopulationofaseacreatureknownasthesunflowerseastar,whichwasonceplentifulalongthePacificcoastlinefromMexico’sBajaCaliforniapeninsulatoAlaska,hasbeenreducedsharplytheseyears.Approximately90%ofthemhavedisappearedsince2013duetoamysteriousseastarwastingsyndrome(海星消瘦綜合癥).Oneofthefactorslikelytohaveledtothedeathofseastarsisrisingoceantemperaturescausedbyclimatechange,accordingtosomescientists.Theoceanabsorbsmostoftheexcessatmosphericheatcausedbygreenhousegasemissions,whichhastheeffectofincreasingthetemperatureofthewater.Manyseacreaturescanonlytolerateverysmallchangestotheirenvironment.Sunflowerseastarsfeedonseaurchins.Seaurchinsfeedonseagrass.Withoutthepresenceofsunflowerseastars,theirkeypredatorinthefoodchain,seaurchinpopulationshaveboomed.Thathasledtothedeathofmanyseagrasses—whichinturncontributestotheclimatecrisis,asseagrassisavaluabletooltostorecarbondioxide.ScientistsattheUniversityofWashingtonhavebeenworkingonthat.Theyhavebeenraisinganewgenerationofsunflowerseastarsthatcanbeusedtorepopulatecoastalwaters.JasonHodin,aresearchscientistattheUniversityofWashington’sFridayHarborLabs,saidthatthey’rehopingtheprogramcanhelprecoverthesunflowerseastarand,ultimately,recoverthehealthofecosystemslikeseagrassthatisunderthreatrightnow.Totesttheseastars’abilitytotoleratewarmingseas,scientistshavethesetinycreaturessubjectedtofluctuations(波動(dòng))inwatertemperaturesinthelab.Someoftheyoungadultseastarsarebeingraisedinwaterthatisslightlywarmerthannormal,andareshowingsignsofbeingabletoadjusttotheaddedwarmth.“Thesearenottypicaloceantemperaturesaroundhere,butthesuccessindicatesthattheyatleasthavetheabilitytoendurethewarmerwater,”saidHodin.5．Whichcouldbeapossiblereasonforthedeathofsunflowerseastars?A．Habitatloss. B．Climatechange.C．Foodshortage. D．Oceanpollution.6．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Thelivinghabitsofsunflowerseastars.B．Theimportanceofseagrasstotheenvironment.C．Thekeyroleofsunflowerseastarsinthefoodchain.D．Theconsequencesoftheincreasingseaurchinpopulations.7．Howdoscientistshelpincreasethepopulationofsunflowerseastars?A．Bydevelopingdevicestocoolseawater.B．Byimprovingtheenvironmentofcoastalwaters.C．Bygrowingplentifulseagrasstoabsorbcarbondioxide.D．Byexperimentingonraisinganewgenerationofthecreature.8．WhatdoesJasonHodinthinkoftheprogram?A．Itismeaningful. B．Itiscomplicated.C．Itisbizarre. D．Itisdisappointing（2023春·湖北襄陽(yáng)·高二宜城市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中）Bydrawingpatternsonthesurfaceofacupoftea,chabaixi(茶百戲),anancientChineseteatrickdisplayedinarecentTVdrama,hasgoneviralforitsapparentsimilaritywithmoderncoffeeart.However,tenyearsago,thisdistinctivetechniquewasclosetodisappearing.ZhangZhifeng,apracticianofchabaixi,foundscenesofchabaixiinthedramaarousedgreatinterestamongordinarypeople.Chabaixicancreateendlesspatternssuchasbamboosandmountainsorevencalligraphy.Thereareoveradozensteps,fromgrinding(碾碎)teaforfinepowder,topouringboiledwater,stirringthemixtureforthickfroth(泡沫),andfinallydrawingthepatterns.Itisdifferentfrommakingcoffeebecausepeopleuseclearwaterastheobjecttoputintothecupinsteadofmilk.Butwhenthewatertouchesthesurfaceofwhipped(攪打起泡的)tea,itturnsintoawhitecoloranddisappearsin20minutes.Theprocessbeforethedrawingisknownasthetea—makingtechnique,diancha.Thequalityofdianchaiscrucialtowhetherpatternscanbesuccessfullyproducedlater.“Chabaixiisoneofthecountlessformsoftea-makingtechniquesinChina.Theimportanceofchabaixiisnotonlythatthistechniqueisuniqueintheworld,butalsoitgivesusawindowintopeople’slifestyleintheSongDynasty,aperiodoftimewhenleisureactivitiesinsomewaysaresimilartowhatwehavenow,”Zhangsaid.BeforechabaixiwasdiscoveredbyTVaudiences,thetechniquewaslistedaspartofChina’sIntangibleCulturalHeritagein2017,afteritwasrecoveredbyZhangZhifeng.Hestartedresearchingtheoriginsofchabaixiinthe1980sandbroughtthetechniquebackin2009afterdecadesoftrialsandpractice.“Toletthistechniquefadewouldbeashame.Itmustbepassedontothenextgenerationssotheycanunderstanditshistory,”Zhangsaid.9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“goneviral”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Maintainedhighlycompetitive. B．Receivedgoodprotection.C．Starteddeclininggradually. D．Becamepopularquickly.10．Whatdoweknowaboutchabaixi?A．Itdevelopsbasedoncoffeeart. B．Itinvolvescomplicatedtea-makingskills.C．Itmainlydescribesbeautifulscenery. D．Itispaintedwithwhippedmilk.11．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theoriginofchabaixi. B．Theuniquenessofchabaixi.C．Thesignificanceofchabaixi. D．Thedevelopmentofchabaixi.12．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．ZhangZhifeng—APracticianofChabaixiB．AncientTeaTechniqueFindsNewPopularRecognitionC．AChina’sIntangibleCulturalHeritageD．Chabaixi—AFamousTea-makingTechnique（2023春·貴州遵義·高二遵義市南白中學(xué)校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）There’sanewAIbot:ChatGPT,andyou’dbetterpayattention,evenifyouaren’tintoartificialintelligence.ThetoolisanAIchatbotsystemthatOpenAIreleasedinNovember2022toshowoffandtestwhataverylarge,powerfulAIsystemcanachieve.ChatGPTremembersthethreadofyourdialogue,usingpreviousquestionsandanswerstoinformitsnextresponses.ItderivesitsanswersfromhugevolumesofinformationontheInternet.ChatGPTisbuiltontopoftheOpenAIGPT-3familyoflargelanguagemodelsandisfine-tuned(amethodoftransferlearning)usingbothsupervisedandreinforcementlearning(監(jiān)督和強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)).YoucanaskChatGPTanything,likeexplainingphysics,askingforbirthdaypartyideasandgettingprogramming(編程)help.Perhapsit’snotsmartenoughtoreplaceallhumansyet,butitcanbecreative,anditsanswerscansounddownrightauthoritative.Afewdaysafteritslaunch,morethan1millionpeopleweretryingoutChatGPT.UBSanalystLloydWalmsleyestimatedinFebruary2023thatChatGPTreached100millionmonthlyusersinJanuary,accomplishingin2monthswhattookTikTokabout9monthsandInstagramtwoandahalfyears.ChatGPTisfreetouseatthemomentbecauseitisstillinitsresearchphase.Butwhentoomanypeoplehopontotheserver(服務(wù)器),itoverloadsandcan’tprocessyourrequest.Itjustmeansyoushouldtryvisitingthesiteatalatertimewhenfewerpeoplearetryingtoaccessit.Ifyouwanttoskipthewaitandhavereliableaccess,thereisanoptionforyou.AsofFeb.1,2023,OpenAIhasaChatGPTproplan,ChatGPTPlus,whichallowsuserstohavegeneralaccessevenduringpeaktimes.Thisservicedoescomeatacostof$20/month.’However,ChatGPTcannotreplaceGoogle.ChatGPTisanartificialintelligencebotthatprovidessolutionstoyourquestions,butGoogleisasearchengineinwhichyoucansearchforasmuchinformationaspossible.ChatGPThaslimitedknowledgeduetoitsprogrammingbutGooglehasunlimitedknowledgewhichisupdatedeveryday.13．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutChatGPT?A．Itslanguagemodel. B．Itsworkingtheory.C．Itsdesigninspiration. D．Itsdevelopmentprocess.14．Whydoestheauthorlistfiguresinparagraph3?A．ToshowthepopularityofChatGPT.B．TostressthehighcostofinventingChatGPT.C．Topresentthecreativityofartificialintelligence.D．Toprovethenecessityofdevelopingtoolsforchattingonline.15．WhatisChatGPTPlusintendedfor?A．Guidinguserstoexperiencefreeservices.B．Allowingnetsurferstoskipadvertisements.C．Helpingresearchersdetectthefailureofthesystem.D．Offeringconsumerspriorityaccessduringpeakhours.16．WhatisalimitationofChatGPTcomparedwithGoogle?A．Itoperatesbasedonlimiteddata.B．Ittakesmoretimetosearchforsolutions.C．Itcanonlyupdateinformationatafixedtime.D．Itmayproviderepliesunrelatedtothequestions.（2023春·山東煙臺(tái)·高二統(tǒng)考期中）Scientistshaveusedlasers(激光)togenerateelectricityinthelabbefore.RecentlySwissresearchershavefoundinamountaintopexperimentthatapowerfullasercangrabholdofalightningflashandrerouteitspaththroughthesky,whichisthefirstdemonstrationthatthetechniqueworksinreal-worldstormsandcouldsomedayleadtobetterprotection,againstlightning.Today’smostcommonanti-lightningtechistheclassiclightningrod,ameters-longmetalpolerootedtotheground.Itattractslightningandsafelyguidestheelectricityintotheground.Buttheareaprotectedbyalightningrodislimitedbytherod’sheight.“Ifyouwanttoprotectlargebuildingslikeairports,youwouldneedalightningrodofkilometersize,”saysAurélienHouard,aFrenchphysicist.SuchatallmetalpolewouldbeimpracticalButalasercouldreachthatfar,stoppingdistantlightningflashesandtakingthemdowntoground-basedmetalrods.HouardandhiscolleaguestestedthisideaatopS?ntismountaininSwitzerland.Theysetupahigh-powerlasernearatelecommunicationtowertippedwithalightningrodthatisstruckbylightningaround100timeseveryyear.Thetowerwashitbylightningfourtimeswhilethelaserwason.Oneofthosestrikeshappenedinafairlyclearsky,allowingtwohigh-speedcamerastoshootthemoment.Thoseimagesshowedlightningrushingdownfromthecloudsandfollowingthelaserlightforsome50meterstowardthetower’slightningrod.Tofollowthepathsofthethreeflashestheycouldn’tsee,theresearcherslookedatradiowavesgivenoffbythelightning.Thoseradiowavesshowedthethreestrikesfollowedthepathofthelasermuchmorecloselythanotherstrikesthathappenedwhenthelaserwasoff.Thissuggestedthatthelaserguidedthesethreestrikestothelightningrodaswell.It’sarealachievementbutthelaseristooexpensive.It’llprobablytakeadecadeormorebeforeit’strulyabletoprotectlargebuildings.17．Whatnewfunctionoflaserswasdiscoveredintheoutdoorexperiment?A．Topreventstorms. B．Toproduceelectricity.C．Tosetofflightningflashes. D．Toredirectlightningstrikes.18．Whataspectofalightningroddoesparagraph2focuson?A．Itscategory. B．Itsstructure. C．Itsweakness. D．Itsinventor.19．Howdidtheresearcherstracktheinvisiblelightningflash?A．Throughcameras. B．Throughitsradiowaves.C．Throughatower. D．Throughalightningrod.20．Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?A．Inapersonaldiary. B．Inapopularmagazine.C．Inaphysicstextbook. D．Inaclasspresentation.（2023春·寧夏吳忠·高二吳忠中學(xué)校考期中）Twelveyearsago,ayoungtravelernamedRhettButlerfromSanFrancisco,California,visitedtheSabahrainforestonMalaysianBorneo.Inoneareaoftherainforest,hewatchedabirdflyingthroughthetrees.Thebeautifulsightleftquiteanimpressiononhim.Butweekslater,backhome,RhettButlergotthenewsthattreeshadbeencutdownfortheirwoodintheareahevisited.ThatexperienceledRhettButlertobeginwritingabookaboutrainforestsandthreats(威脅)totheirexistence.Buthedidnotpublishthebook.Instead,in1999,heusedhisresearchforthebooktocreateawebsite.ThesiteisM.Hispurposewastoinformthepublicabouttropicalrainforests.Butthesubjectquicklydeveloped.Asaformerbusinessman,hebecamearespectedwriterofscienceandenvironmentalstories.ThepopularityofMattractedadvertisers.Smalladsonthesitepayforitsoperations.Mhasgrownandledtoothersites.Forexample,thereisasiteforchildrenwhichiscalledkids.Anotherone,WildM,isallabouttheislandnationthatRhettButlercallshisfavoriteplace.Tokeephiswebsitegoing,hetravelsaroundtheworldonseveralmajortripseachyear.Hisworkingtoolsarealaptopcomputer,camerasandsometimesdivingequipment.Heoftencallsonexpertsforinformation.Forexample,heinterviewedAlisonJolly,atopexpertonlemurs(狐猴).HeinterviewedRodneyJackson,abiologistwhoestablishedtheSnowLeopardConservancy.StorieslikethesehavemadeMafavoriteplaceontheInternetforresearchers,studentsandteachers.InApril,Time.Com.nameditoneofthefifteentopclimateandenvironmentwebsitesintheworld.21．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．RhettButlerandHisWebsiteB．RainforestonMalaysianBorneoC．HowRhettButlerProtectedRareAnimalsD．HowRhettButlerMadeHisWebsitePopular22．RhettButlerdidn’tpublishhisbookaboutrainforestsbecause________.A．makingwebsitesearnsmoremoneythanwritingbooksB．hewasnotpreparedtopublishhisbookC．thebookwasnotaboutrainforestprotectionD．hewantedtousetheinformationtocreateawebsite23．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheM?A．Itwassetupin1999. B．Itattractedmanyadvertisers.C．Tworelatedwebsitesgrewfromit. D．RhettButlermadealotofmoneyfromit.24．Tokeephiswebsitegoing,RhettButler________.A．keptvisitingtherainforest B．traveledaroundandinterviewedexpertsC．raisedraresnowleopards D．madeagreatnumberofadvertisements（2023春·寧夏吳忠·高二吳忠中學(xué)?？计谥校㎞owadays,childrenspendlesstimeinthefreshair.ManyofthemareaddictedtoascreeneitheronacomputeroraTV—theyseemtobelivinginavirtualworld.Theyhavelosttouchwithnature.Butnow400organizationsintheUK,fromplaygroupstotheNationalHealthService,areencouragingchildrentohavesome“wildtime”.Theywantkidstoswapatleast30minutesofwatchingTVorplayingcomputergamesfortimeplayingoutside.Activitiessuchasbuildingdens,climbingtrees,rummagingforconkersandplayinghideandseekarejustsomeofthethingskidcando.Eveniftheyliveinacity,theycangoonadventuresinthegardenorthepark.Childrenoftenneedahelpinghandfrommumanddad.Theyneedtobeshownwhattodoandwheretogo.AndySimpsonfromNationalHealthServicesays,“Wewantparentstoseewhatthismagicalwonderproductdoesfortheirkids’development,independenceandcreativity,bygivingwildtimeago.”Sodespitethecomplicatedworldthatyoungpeoplegrowupinnow,itseemsthatgoingbacktobasicsandexperiencing“nature’splayground”iswhatmodernchildrenneed.DavidBondfromProjectWildThingsays,“Weneedtomakemorespaceforwildtimeinchildren’sdailyroutine,freeingthisgenerationofkidstohavethesortofexperiencesthatmanyofustookforgranted.”Thismightsoundabitoldfashionedtoyouormaybe,likeme,it’smadeyouthinkaboutstickingonyourboots,gettingoutdoorsandrelivingyourchildhood.There’snoagelimitonenjoyingyourself!25．Childrenareencouragedtodothefollowingactivitiesexcept________.A．buildingdens B．climbingtreesC．playinghideandseek D．watchingTV26．What’sthemainideaofParagraph4?A．Adultsvalueoutdooractivities. B．Modernchildrenneedwildtime.C．Thepresentworldiscomplicated. D．Thisgenerationofkidshasnofreedom27．Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat________.A．PeopleatanyagecanenjoywildtimeB．ItisoutofdatetogooutdoorsC．ItistoolateforadultstoenjoynatureD．Peoplelikerecallingthepast28．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．Morespaceforchildren B．BenefitsofwildtimeC．Wildtimeforchildren D．Adventuresofchildren（2023春·湖南郴州·高二嘉禾縣第一中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）There’salwaysbeendebateaboutthebesttimeofdaytoworkout.ForthelongesttimeI’veheardthatexercisinginthemorningisideal,butotherssayanighttimeworkoutbenefitsthemmore.IwasoneofthoseeveningexerciserswhenIwasworkinginanofficeregularlybuthavesinceshiftedtolatemorningworkouts.Isonetimereallybetterthananother,andwhy?Regardlessofwhenyouworkout,therearemanyhealthbenefitsfrommovingregularly,likeimprovingyourhearthealth,gettingstrongerorevenimprovingyourendurance.Mostpeopledecidetoexercisewhenitbestfitstheirschedule,sooftentimestheycan’thelpthetimeofthedaytheychoosetobeactive.Researchhasshown,however,thatthetimeofdayyouchoosetoexercisecanaffectyourworkoutinvariousways.Thebesttimetoworkoutiswheneveryoucan.Wedon’tallhaveschedulesthatallowfora90-minuteworkout.Ifyouronlytimeofdaytoexerciseisbeforework,thenmorningisbest.Ifyoureservephysicalactivityforpackedevenings,there’sagoodchanceyouwon’tevergettoit.Likewise,ifyoucanonlysquash20minutesofexerciseintoyourdayrightbeforeyougetreadyforbed,that’sthebesttimetoworkout.Iwanttoaddanoteonconsistency,though.Thebesttimetoexerciseiswheneveryoucan,butthebesttimeofdaytoexerciseisthetimeyoucanstickwithfordays,weeksandmonths.Thefactofthematteristhatpeoplewhoexerciseinvariablyseebetterweightlossandfitnessresultsinthelong-term.Researchalsosuggeststhatyourbodycanadapttoregulartrainingschedules,soifyouworkouteverymorning,youwillprobablygetalotbetteratworkingoutinthemorning,andthesameinregardtonightworkouts.Thatallsaid,morningworkoutsandnightworkoutsbothhavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantagesasevidencedbydecadesofscientificresearch.29．Whydoestheauthortalkaboutthedebate?A．Togivebackgroundknowledge. B．Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C．Toshowtheauthor’sattitude. D．Toshowpeople’spuzzlementwhenexercise.30．Whenisthebesttimetotakeexerciseaccordingtothetext?A．Inthemorning. B．Intheevening. C．Afterwork. D．Thetimeyoucanstickto.31．Whatisthemostimportantastoexerciseaccordingtothetext?A．Choosingtheproperplace. B．Choosingfavoritesport.C．Workingoutregularly. D．Exercising20minutesaday.32．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Thevariouswaystoexercise B．ThecommonformsofexercisingC．Thebesttimeofadayforexercising D．Thegoodreasonsforexercising（2023春·湖北宜昌·高二葛洲壩中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）Nowadayssomecompaniesareattemptingtogrowseafoodfromcellsinalaboratoryratherthanharvestingitfromtheoceans.Withmassiveproblemswithoverfishingworldwideandgrowingdemandforshrinkingsuppliesofseafood,thewayfishcurrentlymakesitswaytoourplatesisn’talong-termviableoption.Between1961and2016,theaverageannualincreaseinglobalfoodfishconsumptionoutpacedpopulationgrowth.Thosearefiguresnotsustainableforus,thefishortheenvironmentasawhole.Cellularseafoodcouldbetheanswer.Justdon’tmakethemistakeofcallingitlab-grownfish.‘‘Noneofusintheindustrywouldcallitlab-grownseafood,”saysMikeSelden,CEOofFinlessFoods.‘‘FinlessFoodsisn’tlab-grown.Weexperimentandcreateourscienceinthelab,butdon’tproducethere.Ourproductscomefromaproductionbasemuchlikeafarmasaproductionbaseforanimals.’’FinlessFoodsisatechcompanyinSanFrancisco.Beginningin2017,it’sbeenworkingtobringtomarketaspeciesofculturedbluefintuna(藍(lán)鰭金槍魚)createdusingcellulartechnology.Shortlyafterthat,thecompanyproduceditsfirstpoundofbluefintunameatforacostofabout$19,000.Sincethen,however,it’sbeenthefirstbattletobringthatpricedown.SeldentermswhatFinlessFoodsisdoingas‘‘cell-basedseafood’’.‘‘We’regrowingseafoodfromrealseafoodcells,’’Seldenexplained.‘‘Wetakecellsfromafishonce,andthengrowthemendlesslyfromthat.Wedothesameprocessthathappensinsideofafishandmakeithappenoutsideofafish.”Thegoalofcellularseafoodisn’ttoentirelydestroythecurrentseafoodindustry.Instead,it’sintendedtoaugmentit—andperhapstohelpreducesomeofthemoreharmfulaspectsofcurrentfishingpracticeslikeoverfishingandillegalfishing.Andwhenitcomestocertainseaspecies,thislaboratory-basedapproachcouldhelpcreateaplentifulsupplyofcertainfishwithoutendangeringthesurvivalofcertainoverfishedspeciesasawhole.33．Whatisthemainfunctionofthesecondparagraph?A．Warningusoftheshrinkingseafoodsupplies.B．Stressingthesignificanceofcellularseafood.C．Analyzingthereasonsforglobaloverfishing.D．Showingtheenvironmentaleffectofseafood.34．Whatisthetoppriorityofproducingcellularseafood?A．Cuttingdownthehighcostofproduction.B．Enrichingthenutrientcontent.C．Reducingharmfulhealtheffect.D．Simplifyingtheproductionprocess.35．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Cellularseafoodisn’tlab-grownfoodbecauseit