2025年地理模擬試卷：初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試人文地理專項-地理環(huán)境與人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展關(guān)系分析

2025年地理模擬試卷：初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試人文地理專項——地理環(huán)境與人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展關(guān)系分析考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選擇題（每小題2分，共20分）1.下列關(guān)于地理環(huán)境的說法，正確的是（）A.地理環(huán)境是指人類活動所創(chuàng)造的環(huán)境B.地理環(huán)境是指人類活動對自然環(huán)境的影響C.地理環(huán)境是指自然環(huán)境和人類活動共同構(gòu)成的環(huán)境D.地理環(huán)境是指自然環(huán)境的各個方面2.我國南方地區(qū)與北方地區(qū)的氣候差異顯著，其主要原因是（）A.海陸熱力性質(zhì)差異B.地形差異C.地球自轉(zhuǎn)D.太陽輻射3.下列關(guān)于可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的說法，正確的是（）A.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指滿足當(dāng)代人的需求，而不損害后代人滿足其需求的能力B.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指保護自然環(huán)境，限制人類活動C.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指只注重經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，忽視環(huán)境保護D.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指人類活動與自然環(huán)境和諧共生4.下列關(guān)于資源利用的說法，正確的是（）A.資源利用應(yīng)該遵循“取之不盡，用之不竭”的原則B.資源利用應(yīng)該遵循“先污染，后治理”的原則C.資源利用應(yīng)該遵循“開源節(jié)流”的原則D.資源利用應(yīng)該遵循“竭澤而漁”的原則5.下列關(guān)于環(huán)境保護的說法，正確的是（）A.環(huán)境保護是指禁止人類活動對自然環(huán)境的影響B(tài).環(huán)境保護是指限制人類活動對自然環(huán)境的影響C.環(huán)境保護是指保護自然環(huán)境，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟D.環(huán)境保護是指發(fā)展經(jīng)濟，犧牲環(huán)境6.下列關(guān)于氣候變化的說法，正確的是（）A.氣候變化是全球性的問題，我國無需承擔(dān)國際責(zé)任B.氣候變化是自然現(xiàn)象，人類活動對氣候變化影響不大C.氣候變化是人類活動對自然環(huán)境的影響，我國有責(zé)任參與國際氣候治理D.氣候變化是地球自然規(guī)律，人類活動無法改變7.下列關(guān)于地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）的說法，正確的是（）A.GIS是一種收集、存儲、管理、分析和展示地理空間數(shù)據(jù)的軟件系統(tǒng)B.GIS是一種只用于研究地球表面的軟件系統(tǒng)C.GIS是一種只用于城市規(guī)劃的軟件系統(tǒng)D.GIS是一種只用于氣象預(yù)報的軟件系統(tǒng)8.下列關(guān)于地理環(huán)境的說法，正確的是（）A.地理環(huán)境是指人類活動所創(chuàng)造的環(huán)境B.地理環(huán)境是指人類活動對自然環(huán)境的影響C.地理環(huán)境是指自然環(huán)境和人類活動共同構(gòu)成的環(huán)境D.地理環(huán)境是指自然環(huán)境的各個方面9.下列關(guān)于可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的說法，正確的是（）A.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指滿足當(dāng)代人的需求，而不損害后代人滿足其需求的能力B.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指保護自然環(huán)境，限制人類活動C.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指只注重經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，忽視環(huán)境保護D.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指人類活動與自然環(huán)境和諧共生10.下列關(guān)于資源利用的說法，正確的是（）A.資源利用應(yīng)該遵循“取之不盡，用之不竭”的原則B.資源利用應(yīng)該遵循“先污染，后治理”的原則C.資源利用應(yīng)該遵循“開源節(jié)流”的原則D.資源利用應(yīng)該遵循“竭澤而漁”的原則二、填空題（每空1分，共10分）1.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指既能滿足當(dāng)代人的需求，又能不______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四、簡答題（每題5分，共15分）1.簡述地理環(huán)境對人類活動的影響。2.簡述可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的內(nèi)涵及其重要性。3.簡述我國在地理環(huán)境與人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展關(guān)系方面所采取的主要措施。五、論述題（10分）論述地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）在地理環(huán)境與人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展關(guān)系分析中的應(yīng)用及其作用。六、案例分析題（15分）閱讀以下案例，回答問題。案例：某城市為了改善城市環(huán)境，決定在市中心建設(shè)一座大型公園。然而，在公園建設(shè)過程中，一些居民和商家提出了反對意見，認為公園建設(shè)會占用大量土地，影響城市交通，并可能導(dǎo)致周邊房價下跌。問題：1.分析公園建設(shè)對地理環(huán)境的影響。2.分析公園建設(shè)對人類活動的影響。3.針對案例中的問題，提出解決措施。本次試卷答案如下：一、選擇題（每小題2分，共20分）1.C.地理環(huán)境是指自然環(huán)境和人類活動共同構(gòu)成的環(huán)境解析：地理環(huán)境包括自然環(huán)境和人類活動對自然環(huán)境的影響，是兩者相互作用的產(chǎn)物。2.A.海陸熱力性質(zhì)差異解析：南方地區(qū)緯度低，水熱條件充足，而北方地區(qū)緯度高，水熱條件較差，這是由于海陸熱力性質(zhì)差異導(dǎo)致的。3.A.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指滿足當(dāng)代人的需求，而不損害后代人滿足其需求的能力解析：可持續(xù)發(fā)展強調(diào)在滿足當(dāng)代人需求的同時，也要考慮后代人的需求，確保資源的合理利用和環(huán)境的保護。4.C.資源利用應(yīng)該遵循“開源節(jié)流”的原則解析：資源利用應(yīng)注重開發(fā)和節(jié)約并重，既要提高資源利用效率，又要防止資源浪費。5.B.環(huán)境保護是指限制人類活動對自然環(huán)境的影響解析：環(huán)境保護的目的是在保證人類活動的前提下，限制對自然環(huán)境的負面影響。6.C.氣候變化是人類活動對自然環(huán)境的影響，我國有責(zé)任參與國際氣候治理解析：氣候變化是全球性問題，各國都有責(zé)任參與應(yīng)對，我國作