Unit 1 詞匯講解課件VIP

詞匯講解選擇性必修四Unit1ScienceFiction重難點(diǎn)詞精講declare一詞多義dismiss一詞多義英語釋義appointmentsuspend一詞多義隱喻calculate詞源appoint

vt

指定；約定：Wemustappointadaytomeetagainforthediscussion.AllCayceneededwasthefullnameoftheperson,hisaddress,andwherehewouldbeattheappointedtimeofthereading.

任命；委派：①appointsb(as)sth:

SalingerwasappointedsenatorfromCaliforniabutsubsequentlylosthisfirstelection.②appointsbtosth:

Afterdueconsideration,wehavedecidedtoappointMrDavistothejob.③appointsbtodosth:Anewmanagerhasbeenappointedtodirecttheproject.a-(to到)+point(指、點(diǎn))→指定時(shí)間、指定人到某崗位→約定；任命1.appoint(必修三Unit2)

【溫故】appointmentn

(appoint+-ment)

[C]約會；約定；預(yù)約：make/keepanappointmentShehadanappointmenttopainthernails.人教新選必④–1Hefailedtokeephisappointmentattheclinic.Consultationscanbearrangedatothertimesbyappointment.

[C]&[U]任命；任職；職位：HeholdsanappointmentinForeignAffairsMinistryatpresent.Jane’sparentswerepleasedaboutherappointmentasateacherattheschool.

2.suspend懸索橋，又名吊橋（suspensionbridge）指的是用纜索做橋梁主要承重結(jié)構(gòu)的橋。將纜索懸掛在橋兩端塔架上，橋身用細(xì)索或吊桿吊在纜索上。鸚鵡洲長江大橋?yàn)槲錆h市第八座長江大橋，世界首座主纜連續(xù)的三塔四跨懸索橋；世界同類橋梁中跨度最大的三塔四跨懸索橋；第二屆武漢設(shè)計(jì)雙年展十項(xiàng)最具影響力的武漢設(shè)計(jì)工程第一位。2010年8月開工建設(shè)，2014年12月28日正式建成通車。推特安全賬戶2021年1月8日晚發(fā)文稱：“在仔細(xì)審查特朗普賬戶最近發(fā)布的推文以及這些推文的背景后,我們已永久停封(suspend)該帳戶?！?/p>

暫停；中止；使暫停發(fā)揮作用（或使用等）toofficiallystopsthforatimeThecompanyhastosuspendthespaceexplorationprojectduetofinancialproblems.人教新選必④–1Thedriver’scertificatewassuspendedbythepolice.

suspend

vt

[正式用語]懸；掛；吊tohangsthfromsthelse：Thebit(鉆頭)wasattachedtoaheavylengthofsteelsuspendedbyawirerope.Lyingonthehospitalbedwithmylegssuspendedintheair,hefeltabituncomfortable.sus-(upfromunder從下往上)+pend(tohang掛；懸掛)→懸、掛基本義：懸掛suspend懸、掛物體懸、掛事情

使暫時(shí)停職（或停學(xué)等）：Juliewassuspendedfromherjobshortlyaftertheincident.【詞匯拓展】suspensionn

[U]［單數(shù)］暫停；中止：There’sbeenatemporarysuspensionofflightsoutofLosAngeles.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtinexamsareserious,includingsuspensionordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.

[U]&[C]暫令停職（或停學(xué)、停賽等）：ZengZhixialostconfidenceinhimself,and,underextremepressure,appliedforasuspensionofschooling.Thesuspensionbridgeextendsacrossthewholevalley.懸、掛人的職業(yè)、學(xué)業(yè)suspend

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖懸、掛物體懸；掛；吊使暫時(shí)停職（或停學(xué)等）暫停；中止懸、掛人的職業(yè)、學(xué)業(yè)懸、掛事情暫停；中止；使暫停發(fā)揮作用（或使用等）暫令停職（或停學(xué)、停賽等）懸、掛suspend（基本義）suspensiondismissFriends《老友記》dismiss

vt

［正式用語］讓……離開；解散：Thebossdismissedhimwithawaveofthehand.Theteachermightdismisstheclassearlytodaybecauseofthesnow.

［常用于被動語態(tài)］解雇；開除：Ifyoubreaktheruleshere,weshallhavetodismissyoufromthepost.

消除（顧慮等）；拒絕考慮：AtlastIamabletodismissthefearIhaveforsolong.Hejustlaughedanddismissedmyproposalasunrealistic.構(gòu)詞：dis-(away離開)+miss(tosend送走)→將……送走→讓……離開3.dismiss讓人離開某地讓人離開崗位讓顧慮、建議等離開同義異構(gòu)：fire讓……離開dismiss（基本義）dismiss

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖讓人離開某地讓人離開崗位讓……離開；解散讓顧慮、建議等離開消除（顧慮等）；拒絕考慮解雇；開除declare

vt

宣布；聲明tosaysthofficiallyorpublicly：InSeptember1939,Britain

declaredwaron

GermanyafterGermanyinvadedPoland.①declare+that

從句:Thecourtdeclaredthatstrikeactionwasillegal.②declaresth/sb(tobe)sth:Theareahasbeendeclaredanationalpark.③declaresth+adj:Thechairmandeclaredtheceremonyopen;allofuspresentcheered.de-(表示強(qiáng)調(diào))+clare(toclarify澄清；闡明)→說清楚；講明白→宣布；聲稱4.declare

聲稱；宣稱tostatesthfirmlyandclearly：HedeclaredthathewouldsendhumanstoMarsinadecade.Elladeclaredherself(tobe)happyandsatisfied.

申報(bào)（納稅品等）：Ifyouhavenothingtodeclare,gothroughtheGreenChannel.?declarationn

[C]&[U]聲明；宣告；宣言：TheDeclarationofIndependence《獨(dú)立宣言》（TheDeclarationofIndependence）是一份于1776年7月4日由托馬斯·杰斐遜起草，并由其它13個(gè)殖民地代表簽署的最初聲明美國從英國獨(dú)立的文件。5.calculate兩千多年前，羅馬商人用calculus(小圓石)來計(jì)算損益。古羅馬時(shí)代的算盤也以calculus(小圓石)作為算珠。古希臘人與古羅馬人還以投calculus(小圓石)的簡單辦法來進(jìn)行選舉，只要計(jì)算一下投入甕中的calculus的數(shù)目即可統(tǒng)計(jì)出人數(shù)有多少。英語單詞calculate(計(jì)算)

正是源于calculus(小圓石)。英語還直接借用該詞來指“微積分”和“結(jié)石”。詞源故事calculate

vt&vi計(jì)算；核算(workout)：Theteachercalculatedtheaveragemarkoftheclass.①calculate+that/wh-

從句：WecalculatethattheaveragesizeofthefarmsinLancasterCountyis65acres.Scientistscannotyetcalculatewhentherewillbeamajorearthquake.②itiscalculated+that

從句：Itisroughlycalculatedthatatleast47,000jobswerelostlastyear.

vt預(yù)測；估計(jì)(estimate)：calculate+that/wh-

從句：

Biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Thispaintingissovaluablethatitisdifficulttocalculatewhatitspriceis.?calculationn[C]&[U]計(jì)算?calculator

n[C]計(jì)算器計(jì)算數(shù)字計(jì)算即將發(fā)生的事本單元的隱喻單詞基本義比喻義（衍生義）suspend懸掛

dismiss消除division分開fallaway向下傾斜（逐漸）減少；暫停/中止（逐漸）消失讓……離開根據(jù)所給提示填空。分歧重難點(diǎn)詞精講turnoutdivisionurgeexplode一詞多義一詞多義一詞多義搭配義詞源fetch辨析義pace熟詞生義vt（去）拿來；（去）取來；（去）請來togotowheresb/sthisandbringthem/itback：Couldn’tyoufetchitalongouthere?Fetchmeaglassofwater!/Fetch

aglassofwater

for

me.6.fetchfetch,bring

辨析二者都含有“拿來”的意思。bring

意為“拿來”“帶來”，指將人或物拿到說話人所在地或即將要去的地方，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)方向的動作。Itmayfreezetonight,sobringthoseplantsinside.fetch

通常意為“去拿來”，指去取了某物或帶上某人，再返回原處，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的一往一返，相當(dāng)于goandbring。Runhomethismoment,andfetchmeapairofglovesandafan!

Fillintheblankswiththesuitableformoftake,bring,carryorfetch.1.PleaseaskUncleTomto_______youhereinAugust.2.Rememberto______yourbookswhenyouleavetheclassroom.3.Inever_______muchmoneywithmebecauseIalwayspaywithAlipay.4.I’mthirsty,canyou_______somemorewaterforme?5.Please_______theemptycupawayand_______meacupoftea.6.Nexttimedon’tforgetto_______meacopyofyourwork.7.TheboxistooheavyforJoeto______upstairs.bringcarrybringtakecarryfetchtakebring7.turnoutturnout由

turn+out組成：turn

→轉(zhuǎn)動out→向外借助小品詞out去理解turnout的各義項(xiàng)。turnout

制造；生產(chǎn)：Thefactoryturnsoutmorethan900carsaweeknow.

原來（是）；證明（是）；結(jié)果（是）：Ifsomeone’slifeisintrouble,doyoujustpraythatthingswillturnoutfine?ItmayturnoutthatvitaminEplaysaroleinpreventionbutcannotundoseriousdamage.Thismayturnouttobethebestfootballgameofthewhole.

出席；參加tobepresentinanevent：Fansweresurprisedtoseealltheinjuredplayersturnoutfortraining.

關(guān)掉；熄滅：Remembertoturnoutthelightswhenyougotosleep.工廠使產(chǎn)品向外轉(zhuǎn)人向外轉(zhuǎn)去參加活動事情向外轉(zhuǎn)燈或熱源向外轉(zhuǎn)直至關(guān)閉turnout

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖turnout向外轉(zhuǎn)基本義事情“向外轉(zhuǎn)”人“向外轉(zhuǎn)”去參加活動工廠把產(chǎn)品“向外轉(zhuǎn)”出席；參加制造；生產(chǎn)；培養(yǎng)出原來（是）；證明（是）；結(jié)果（是）燈或熱源“向外轉(zhuǎn)”直至關(guān)閉關(guān)掉；熄滅8.pacen

[C]一步(step)：Walk/Taketenpacesforwardandwhatcanyousee?

[U]［常用單數(shù)］速度；進(jìn)度：Thereisnoneedtowalkatafastpace.Enjoythemoment.Someteachersbelievethatstudentsshouldstudyattheirownpace.paceoflifekeeppace(withsb/sth)（與某人/事物）并駕齊驅(qū)；步調(diào)一致vi&vt

踱步：He’llhavetolearntopacehimselfinthisjob.名詞動詞化“生活節(jié)奏”用英文如何表達(dá)？paceoflife9.divisionDoyouknowhowtodomathinEnglish?addvadditionnsubtractvsubtractionnmultiplyvmultiplicationndividevdivisionndividev

vi&vt劃分；分割；分配；分開：Ifyouhavealargergroup,divideintosmallergroupsifpossibletominimizeyourimpacts.Manydoctorsatuniversityhospitalstypicallydividetheirtimeamongteaching,conductingresearch,andtreatingpatients.

vi&vt（被）除（盡）；把……作除數(shù)：Tendividedbytwoequals/isfive.

vt使產(chǎn)生分歧：Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthandivideus.divisiondivision是divide的名詞形式。divide：di-(apart分開地)+vide(toseparate分開)→(使)分開(基本義)（使）事物分開（使）數(shù)字分開使意見、想法等分開divisionn

[U]&[C]［單數(shù)］分；分開；分配：Thecurrentdivisionoflabourbetweenworkersandmanagementwillalteraccordingtothemeeting.

[U]分界線；部分；部門：Chrishasmadeseveralchangesforthecompany’ssalesdivision.

[U]除（法）：Itaughtmydaughterhowtododivisionattheageofsix.

[C]&[U]分裂；分歧；差異：Divisionofopinionamongthemselvescontributedtotheirdefeat.隱喻：具體事物的“分開”→抽象的“分歧”（使）事物分開（使）數(shù)字分開劃分；分割；分配；分開（被）除（盡）；把……作除數(shù)divide（使）分開（基本義）除（法）分界線；部分；部門分；分開；分配dividedivisiondivide

&

division

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖使產(chǎn)生分歧分裂；分歧；差異使意見、想法等分開10.urge我們每天都需要去衛(wèi)生間，那么“急需去衛(wèi)生間”怎么表達(dá)呢？可借用urge的名詞來幫忙：theurgetopee（尿急）。urgevt

[正式用語]驅(qū)策；驅(qū)趕：Iurgedtheelephantdeeperintotheforest.2014

重慶

催促；力勸

toadviseortryhardtopersuadesbtodosth：①urgesbtodosth:Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.

②urge+that...(should)dosth:Weurgethatyou(should)makethissettlementwithoutdelay.

urge詞源義：“推、驅(qū)動”(topresshard,drive)，基本義為“驅(qū)趕”

大力推薦；極力主張torecommendsthstrongly：ThesituationisdangerousandtheUNisurgingcaution.n[C]強(qiáng)烈的欲望；迫切的需要(desire)：urgetodosth:Ifeelthestrongurgetogooutsidewhenspringcomesagain.Ihaveastrongurgetolookattherandomthingsthatarebeingflashedbeforemyeyes.人教新選必④–1【溫故】(選必二Unit5)

urgent

adj急迫的；迫切的；緊急的：Theearthquakevictimsareinurgentneedofmedicalsupplies.Urgenttalksaregoingontopreventthemarketgoingintofinancialmeltdownduringthesummer.?urgentlyadv

迫切地；急切地urge

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖驅(qū)趕urgev基本義“驅(qū)趕”動物等“驅(qū)趕”某人做某事極力把某事物“驅(qū)趕”給別人驅(qū)策；驅(qū)趕催促；力勸大力推薦；極力主張程度遞進(jìn)強(qiáng)烈的欲望；迫切的需要nv11.explode