Unit2 Welcome to the Unit and Reading 詞匯精講課堂

版本：新譯林單元：選擇性必修三

Unit2

(Welcometotheunit—Reading)詞匯課堂1.astronautastro-(星辰、外太空)+naut(水手)→外太空的水手→宇航員2.absenceabsent(adj

缺席的、不在的)—absenceab-

(not不)

+sence

(being存在)→某物不存在→缺乏反義詞：presence詞塊：absencefromclass/school/work,in/duringsb’sabsence,absenceofmind3.float熟詞生義：提出；提請(qǐng)考慮(想法或計(jì)劃)Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse.(2020全國(guó))4.cupboard合成詞：cup+board5.bother詞塊：(not)bothertodosth,bothersbabout/withsth派生詞：bothered(can’tbebotheredtodosth)6.occupyoc-(over整個(gè))+cup(grasp,seize抓住)+-y→整個(gè)抓住→占用(基本義)；詞族：occupy,occupied,occupation本單元詞匯梳理7.mission詞源：16世紀(jì)時(shí)，隨著美洲新大陸的發(fā)現(xiàn)和殖民活動(dòng)，歐洲基督教會(huì)大規(guī)模派遣傳教士到世界各地傳播福音、建立基督教會(huì)和學(xué)校。這種派遣活動(dòng)以及派出去的團(tuán)隊(duì)被稱為mission。因?yàn)檫@種派遣活動(dòng)的目的是完成傳播福音的使命，所以mission衍生出“使命”的含義。mission除了表示傳教團(tuán)隊(duì)外，還可以表示其他各種去遠(yuǎn)處執(zhí)行使命的團(tuán)隊(duì)，如外交團(tuán)隊(duì)、參加比賽或會(huì)議的代表團(tuán)等。8.evaluatee-

(out出來(lái))+valu

(value)

+-ate(動(dòng)詞后綴)→使(某物的)價(jià)值體現(xiàn)出來(lái)→評(píng)估；評(píng)價(jià)；派生詞：evaluation9.creature詞塊：livingcreatures詞族：create,creative,creatively,creator,creature,creativity10.microscopemicro-

(微小的)

+scope

(觀察儀器)→觀察微小物體的儀器→顯微鏡11.maintenancemaintain—maintenance12.circumstancecircum

(around周圍)

+st

(tostand站立)+-ance

(名詞后綴)→站立的周圍→(周邊)的狀況→情況詞塊：in/under...circumstances,in/undernocircumstances13.exposure詞塊：exposuretosth；詞族：expose,

exposure,

exposed14.radiationradi

(ray射線、光線)

+-ation

(名詞后綴)→光線呈放射狀→輻射；同根詞：radio15.visiblevis

(tosee看見(jiàn))

+-ible

(可……的)→可以看見(jiàn)的→看得見(jiàn)的；同根詞：visit,visa,vision；反義詞：invisible詞塊：bevisibleto16.luxury抽象名詞具體化：奢侈品；詞塊：it’saluxurytodosth17.tube熟詞生義：地鐵(美式英語(yǔ)：subway)詞塊：take/catchthetube,bytube18.furthermore合成詞：further+more；近義詞：moreover，都是正式用語(yǔ)19.pill詞塊：takepills20.vitalvit(life生命)+-al(……的)→生命攸關(guān)的→至關(guān)重要的同根詞：survive,vitamin；詞塊：ofvitalimportance,bevitalto(doing)sth,itisvitaltodosth21.discipline古羅馬人以紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明著稱，其紀(jì)律性是從兒童教育階段開(kāi)始培養(yǎng)的。他們認(rèn)為，教育不僅僅是傳授知識(shí)，更重要的是磨練意志、培養(yǎng)吃苦耐勞、遵守紀(jì)律等各項(xiàng)優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。英語(yǔ)discipline來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)，指的就是古羅馬的這種教育，即“指導(dǎo)”“教學(xué)”，由此延伸出“學(xué)科”之意。由于古羅馬的教育強(qiáng)調(diào)紀(jì)律和懲戒，因此discipline又產(chǎn)生了“紀(jì)律”的含義。名詞動(dòng)詞化：訓(xùn)練；嚴(yán)格要求(自己)詞塊：disciplinesb/oneselftodosth；派生詞：self-discipline22.leisure詞塊：leisuretime/activities23.permanentper-(through)+man(tostay)+-ent(形容詞后綴)→從頭到尾停留的→永久的24.altogether來(lái)自復(fù)合詞alltogether，意為“完全地”時(shí)近義詞：completely25.kit詞塊：afirst-aidkit重難點(diǎn)詞精講搭配義辨析義circumstanceabsence搭配義bother英語(yǔ)釋義occupy一詞多義一詞多義英語(yǔ)釋義exposurevital英語(yǔ)釋義discipline一詞多義名詞動(dòng)詞化absence缺課absenceofschool看圖猜詞心不在焉absenceofmindabsencen反

presence

[C]&[U]缺席；不在：Hewaseagertobebackaftermorethanaweek’sabsencefromschool.

[U]缺乏：Herabsenceofmindduringdrivingnearlycausedanaccident.in/duringsb’sabsence在某人不在時(shí)：InhisabsenceIlookedtoseewhatwasonhisdesk.intheabsenceof在缺乏……的情況下：Intheabsenceofgraywolves,thedeerpopulationgrewquickly.2017全國(guó)改構(gòu)詞：ab-(not不)+sence(being存在)→某物不存在→缺乏absentadj反

present

缺席的；不在的：beabsentfromclass/work

缺乏的：Snowisabsentinsomecountries.【復(fù)習(xí)】botherv

vi&vt

[常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句]費(fèi)心；麻煩tospendtimeand/orenergydoingsth：Hedidn’tbotherto

answerthequestion.—Ineedtoadvertiseforaroommatefornextterm.—

Whybother?Maryisinterested.2011天津

vt使煩惱；使苦惱(worry)；使疼痛toannoy,worryorupsetsb;tocausesbtroubleorpain：Youneedn’tbotheryourselfabout/withsmallthings.Mywristhasbeenbotheringme.

vt打擾tointerruptsb(trouble)：Don’tbothermewhileI’mreading.Sorrytobotheryou,butthemanagerisontheline.?botheredadj［不用于名詞前］擔(dān)心的；煩惱的can’tbebotheredtodosth懶得做某事；嫌麻煩不做某事：Myolderbrothercouldn’tbebotheredtoplaywithme.2020浙江occupy“occupied”是不能進(jìn)入，表示“被占用”?！皏acant”表示空的，未被占用的。所以看到“vacant”表示這個(gè)地方?jīng)]有被占用，可以隨意進(jìn)出。在國(guó)外的廁所門外，你有可能會(huì)碰到一個(gè)特別有趣的詞叫做occupied，不懂的話可能就會(huì)鬧出笑話啦。要認(rèn)識(shí)occupied，首先要認(rèn)識(shí)occupy。其實(shí)，這里occupy是占用的意思，那occupied就表示衛(wèi)生間被占用了，也就是說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在這個(gè)廁所是有人在使用，你無(wú)法進(jìn)去。所以在國(guó)外上廁所，看到“occupied”可千萬(wàn)別進(jìn)去，否則就太尷尬了！occupy構(gòu)詞：oc-(over整個(gè))+cup(grasp,seize抓住)+-y→整個(gè)抓住→占用(基本義)

占領(lǐng)；占據(jù)：Duringthewar,Germanyoccupiedmanycountries,includingFrance.

占用/占去（時(shí)間、空間）(takeup)：Hisspeechoccupiedonlythreeminutes.Thebedseemedtooccupymostoftheroom.

使忙碌：Hisworkoccupieshimforthewholeday.occupyvtoccupiedadj

（地方）被占領(lǐng)的；被侵占的反unoccupied

[不用于名詞前]被占用的；有人使用的：Sorry,thisseatisoccupied.

[不用于名詞前]忙于……的：Youcanimaginehow

fullyoccupied

Ibecame,raisingfourboysundertheageof8!

2011天津beoccupiedwith(doing)sth/(in)doingsth:IhavebeensooccupiedwithworkthatIhaven’thadtimeforsocialactivities.He’sfullyoccupiedlookingafterthreesmallchildren.occupationn

[U]占領(lǐng)；居?。篴countryunderoccupationthewildlifeinoccupationoftheisland

[C]工作；職業(yè)：Whatdoyouimaginewillbeyourfutureoccupation?占用occupy基本義occupy語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖occupied人強(qiáng)行“占用”某地物“占用”面積、空間等事情“占用”人或時(shí)間占領(lǐng)；占據(jù)占用/占去（時(shí)間、空間）使忙碌（地方）被占領(lǐng)的；被侵占的被占用的；有人使用的忙于……的circumstance根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Wedon’tusuallyacceptlateapplications,but________________________________________（在這種情況下）wewillmakeanexception.2.__________________________________（在任何情況下都不）shouldyouleavethishouse.inthiscase

/

in/underthecircumstancesInnocase

/

In/Undernocircumstancescircumstancen[C]

［常用復(fù)數(shù)］情況；情形theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.：Ourcircumstancesaresodesperatethatitisuncertainwhetherwewilleverreturnalive.

［復(fù)數(shù)］［正式用語(yǔ)］境況；狀況（尤指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況）theconditionsofaperson’slife,especiallythemoneytheyhave：financial/social/personalcircumstancesin/under...circumstances在……情況下：Underthecircumstances,itseemsbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident.It’sanexperimentalmodel,sodon’ttouchitunderanycircumstances.2012江西改circumstance構(gòu)詞：circum(around周圍)+st(tostand站立)+-ance(名詞后綴)→站立的周圍→(周邊)的狀況→情況in/undernocircumstances決不；無(wú)論如何不：Undernocircumstancesshouldwedoterriblethingstootherpeople.注：in/undernocircumstances置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。辨析：circumstance,environmentcircumstance和

environment都含有“環(huán)境”“狀況”之意。●

circumstance指“情況”“情形”（theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.）”，常用復(fù)數(shù)，表明與某事件或某人有關(guān)的環(huán)境，情形，情況等，也可指“境況”“狀況”（尤指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況）（howmuchmoneysbhas）”。Wecan’tjudgewhathediduntilweknowallthecircumstances.●environment指“生活環(huán)境”“周圍狀況（theconditionsoftheplacewhereyouare）”，尤其指作用和影響生物體的生長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展和生存的外界物質(zhì)條件的總和。Thetwinswereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironment.溫故expose(選必一Unit3)

1.

Beingexposedtosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmto

one’sskin.2.Hesmiledsuddenly,exposingasetofamazinglywhiteteeth.3.Ithreatenedtoexposehimtothepolice.4.Thereportsaidthatworkershadbeenexposedtohighlevelsofradiation.5.Wewanttoexposethekidstoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.暴露于使顯露向……揭發(fā)……遭到使……接觸……exposure構(gòu)詞：expose+-ure(名詞后綴)

暴露；顯露：Scientistsworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson’schancesofgettingcancer.2013天津改

揭露；揭發(fā)：the

exposureofillegaldeals

［常用單數(shù)］接觸；體驗(yàn)：ManypeopleinChinahavelimitedexposuretoEnglish.2021浙江exposuren[U]【知新】expose&exposure語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖使被隱藏或遮蓋的事物“顯露”使某人或某事物壞的方面“顯露”使某人或某物“暴露”于險(xiǎn)境等使某人“暴露”于新的機(jī)會(huì)或體驗(yàn)使暴露；使顯露揭露；揭發(fā)使面臨；使處于……的作用/影響之下使接觸；使體驗(yàn)expose使顯露；使暴露基本義暴露；顯露揭露；揭發(fā)接觸；體驗(yàn)exposeexposurevital高考鏈接翻譯句子。閱讀是我生活中極其重要的一部分。（2019天津）________________________________________Readingisaveryimportantpartofmylife.anessentialpartavitalpartvitalR2

adj至關(guān)重要的

veryimportantornecessary

(essential)：ofvitalimportance(=veryimportant)Considerationforotherpeopleisvitaltoallofus.What’sworse,somedriversdonotthinkitvitaltoobeytrafficrules.2015江蘇書面表達(dá)改Readingisavitalpartofmylife.2019天津vital構(gòu)詞：vit(life生命)+-al(……的)→生命攸關(guān)的→至關(guān)重要的詞根前綴/后綴單詞派生詞

vit

(life)

-al（……的）vital

adj

生命的；至關(guān)重要的vitalityn活力；生氣vitalize

v賦予生命；使有生機(jī)devitalize

v奪去……的生命/活力revitalize

v使恢復(fù)元?dú)?；使?fù)活-amina(e)（物質(zhì)）vitamin(e)

n維生素/vit詞根自由來(lái)自自律。亞里士多德說(shuō)，人是被習(xí)慣所塑造的，優(yōu)異的成績(jī)來(lái)自于良好的習(xí)慣，而非一時(shí)的沖動(dòng)。discipline亞里士多德（Aristotle公元前384

—前322），古代先哲、古希臘人、世界古代史上偉大的哲學(xué)家、科學(xué)家和教育家之一，堪稱希臘哲學(xué)的集大成者。他是柏拉圖的學(xué)生，亞歷山大的老師。作為一位百科全書式的科學(xué)家，他幾乎對(duì)每個(gè)學(xué)科都做出了貢獻(xiàn)。他的寫作涉及倫理學(xué)、形而上學(xué)、心理學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、神學(xué)、政治學(xué)、修辭學(xué)、自然科學(xué)、教育學(xué)、詩(shī)歌、風(fēng)俗，以及雅典法律。亞里士多德的著作構(gòu)建了西方哲學(xué)的第一個(gè)廣泛系統(tǒng)，包含道德、美學(xué)、邏輯和科學(xué)、政治和玄學(xué)。discipline古羅馬人以紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明著稱。其紀(jì)律性是從兒童教育階段開(kāi)始培養(yǎng)的。他們認(rèn)為，教育不僅僅是傳授知識(shí)，更重要的是磨練意志、培養(yǎng)吃苦耐勞、遵守紀(jì)律等各項(xiàng)優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。英語(yǔ)discipline來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)，指的就是古羅馬的這種教育，即“指導(dǎo)”“教學(xué)”，由此延伸出“學(xué)科”之意。由于古羅馬的教育強(qiáng)調(diào)紀(jì)律和懲戒，因此discipline又產(chǎn)生了“紀(jì)律”的含義。詞源disciplinen

[U]訓(xùn)練；管教；紀(jì)律：Theschoolhasareputationforhighstandardsofdiscipline.Thebookgivesparentsadviceondiscipline.

[C]訓(xùn)練辦法：Learningpoetryisagooddisciplineforthememory.

[U]自制力：Studyingathomerequiresagooddealofdiscipline.

[C][正式用語(yǔ)]（尤指大學(xué)的）學(xué)科：vt

懲罰；處罰：Theworkmanwasdisciplinedbyhiscompanybutnotdismissed.

訓(xùn)練；訓(xùn)導(dǎo)；管教：aguidetothebestwaysofdiscipliningyourchild

自我控制；嚴(yán)格要求（自己）：Wedisciplineourselvestodoatleasttwohoursofexerciseeveryday.譯林新選必③–2名詞動(dòng)詞化self-discipline

n[U]自我約束；自律：Tobepunctualonehastohaveself-discipline,andthelackofitaffectsothers.2015陜西注：self-用于構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞或復(fù)合形容詞，表示“自身的”“靠自身的”“為自身的”?！驹~匯拓展】1.Myolderbrothercouldn’tbebotheredtoplaywithme.2020浙江2.IhavebeensooccupiedwithworkthatIhaven’thadtimeforsocialactivities.3.Undernocircumstancesshouldwedoterriblethingstootherpeople.4.What’sworse,somedriversdonotthinkitvitaltoobeytrafficrules.2015江蘇書面表達(dá)改本單元金句匯總隨堂檢測(cè)根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)及提示，完成下列句子。1.Mymotherwasupsetwithmeaboutmy___________________（缺課）.2.Anewmanagerwasappointed___________________（在她不在時(shí)）.3.Hefailedintheexambecauseofhis_______________（心不在焉）.4.__________________________（沒(méi)有任何證據(jù)）,thepolicehadtolethimgo.absencefromschoolduring/inherabsenceabsenceabsenceofmindIntheabsenceofanyevidencebother寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.—I’llgotothepostofficetomailthisparceltoAnn.—

Whybother?I’llseeheratdinnerthisevening. __________2.—I’mafraidyouhavethewrongnumber.—Sorry!IhopeIdidn’tbotheryou.（2013遼寧）

__________3.Icouldn’tbebotheredtocleantheroom

today;I’lldoittomorrow. __________4.Ifalotofpeoplesayafilmisnotgood,Iwon’tbothertoseeit.（2011上海） __________5.Don’tbotheryourfatheraboutit

now;he’sverytired. __________不必麻煩打擾懶得打掃房間懶得去看別拿這事打擾你父親occupy根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)及提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.LaterIwenttoacafétohavelunch,but___________________________（沒(méi)有空桌子）.（2014安徽）2.___________________________________（她這會(huì)兒工作很忙）;

shecannotspeaktoyou.3.Familyphotos____________________________（差不多占了整個(gè)

墻面）.4.Problemsatworkcontinuedto_________________________（占據(jù)

他的腦海）forsometime.5.Thezone_________________________（被占領(lǐng)的）containedmajorindustrialareas.(occupation)allthetableswereoccupiedShe’soccupiedwithworkatthemomentoccupiedalmosttheentirewalloccupy

his

mind

under

occupation一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrolthelecturewascancelled. ___________2.Theirfamilyfinancialcircumstances

arefrombadtoworse. ___________

二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.__________________________（在這種情況下）,itseemsbetternottotellhimthetruth.2.Shemadeitclearthat__________________________（絕不）wouldshecancelthetrip.circumstance情況/情形經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況In/Underthecircumstancesin/undernocircumstances一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1.Youshouldalwayslimityourexposuretothesun.___________2.ThevisittoGermanygavethemexposuretothelanguage.___________3.Theofficerresigned（辭職）becauseoftheexposureofhi