專題十動詞的非謂語形式 課件(共65張) 2025年中考英語譯林版語法專項復習（江蘇）

目錄課標知識圖譜高頻考點精研專題十動詞的非謂語形式考點1動詞不定式考點2動詞的-ing形式考點3動詞的-ed形式A組考點突破B組語段提升課標知識圖譜1

高頻考點精研2

動詞不定式一、動詞不定式的構(gòu)成動詞不定式的基本形式是“to＋動詞原形”，這里的to是不定式符號，

本身無意義，有時可以省略。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中

不能作謂語。動詞不定式仍保留了動詞的特點，可以有自己的賓語和狀

語。動詞不定式和它的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。二、不定式的基本用法動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語、賓

語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語等。句法功能示例作狀語He

went

to

the

library

to

borrow

some

books.他去圖書館

借了幾本書。作賓語I

want

to

ask

him

a

question.我想問他一個問題。He

is

learning

to

swim.他在學習游泳。句法功能示例作賓語補足語She

asked

me

to

speak

louder.她要求我更大聲地說話。作定語They

have

no

house

to

live

in.他們無房子可住。作主語To

learn

English

well

is

not

easy.學好英語是不容易的。作表語To

have

a

dream

is

to

have

a

goal.有一個夢想就是有一個目標。1.

不定式作狀語①作目的狀語常用結(jié)構(gòu)：only

to

do（僅僅為了），in

order

to

do，so

as

to

do。He

ran

fast

so

as

to

catch

the

first

bus.他跑得很快，為的是趕上第一趟公共汽車。I

come

here

only

to

say

goodbye

to

you.我來僅僅是為了向你告別。②作結(jié)果狀語常用結(jié)構(gòu)：so…as

to，too…to…，enough…to…，only

to

do

（表示沒有預料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果）。I’m

not

so

stupid

as

to

believe

that.我還不至于傻到去相信那個。③作原因狀語，不定式在某些形容詞后，表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的原因。I’m

glad

to

see

you.見到你很高興。I’m

only

too

glad

to

have

passed

the

exam.考試及格了，我非常高興。拓展

不定式用作獨立成分，往往是用作評注性狀語。常用作獨立成分的不定式短

語有：to

be

frank坦率地說；to

begin

with首先；to

tell

you

the

truth說實話；to

be

honest老實說；to

start

with首先。To

be

honest，

it

is

one

of

the

worst

books

I’ve

ever

read.說實話，那是我讀過最差的

書之一。2.

不定式作賓語有些及物動詞后接不定式作賓語，常見的這類及物動詞有begin，

choose，continue，decide，fail，forget，hate，help，hope，learn，

manage，mean，need，offer，plan，prefer，promise，refuse，try，

wait，want，wish，afford，agree，start，like，expect等。She

promised

to

come

at

nine

o’clock.她答應九點來的?！?，so

she

decided

to

enter

the

garden.……，因此她決定進入花園。[七下

－Unit

6]提醒①接在表示“除……之外”意義的but，

except之后的動詞不定式，若but，

except

之前有實義動詞do的任何形式，通常省略動詞不定式符號to；如果沒有do的形式要

加to。His

mother

could

do

nothing

but

wait

for

the

doctor

to

arrive.他媽媽除了等著醫(yī)生到來之外別無他法。I

have

no

choice

but

to

accept

her

advice.我別無選擇，只能接受她的建議。②如果賓語的不定式后有賓語補足語，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正賓語的不定式

（短語）移到賓語補足語之后。I

found

it

important

to

get

up

early

in

the

morning.我發(fā)現(xiàn)早上早起很重要。拓展

不定式可以和疑問代詞who，

what，

which及疑問副詞when，

how，

where連

用構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中充當賓語。Millie

has

decided

what

to

read.米莉已經(jīng)決定讀什么書了。[八下－Unit

4]3.

不定式作賓語補足語①常見接to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞或短語有teach，invite，

advise，encourage，ask，allow，tell，expect，order，want，wish，

warn，would

like等。

My

mother

asks

me

not

to

play

computer

games

before

finishing

my

homework.

我媽媽要求我在完成家庭作業(yè)之前不許玩電腦游戲。②在動詞help后面作賓語補足語的不定式，可以帶to，也可以不帶to。He

often

helps

his

parents（to）do

housework

on

weekends.他經(jīng)常在周末幫

助父母做家務。重難點一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。這些動

詞有：一感（feel）、二聽（hear，listen

to）、三讓（let，make，have）、

四看（look

at，see，watch，notice）。但這些動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，必須加

上to。4.

不定式作主語（1）用作主語的動詞不定式通常表示一種具體的、特定的行為，其謂語動

詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。To

see

is

to

believe.眼見為實。（2）當作主語的不定式（短語）較長時，通常用it作形式主語，而將真正

的主語后置。常用的句型有：①It＋is＋adj.（＋for/of

sb）＋to

do

sth。It

is

important（for

us）to

learn

maths

well.（對于我們來說）學好數(shù)學很重要。It

is

kind

of

you

to

help

people

in

need.幫助有需要的人，你真是太好了！②It

takes/took

sb＋一段時間＋to

do

sth。It

takes

me

half

an

hour

to

ride

to

school

every

day.每天騎自行車上學花費我

半個小時。5.

不定式作定語（1）不定式作定語時，它的位置是在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。常見的

能跟不定式作定語的名詞有ability，attempt，chance，decision，effort，

need，plan，time等。There

are

lots

of

things

to

do

in

Sunshine

Town.在陽光鎮(zhèn)有很多事情可做。

[七下－Unit

3]（2）如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有被動關(guān)系，不定式后應有

介詞。I

want

some

paper

to

write

on.我想要一些寫字的紙。（3）不定式修飾something，anything，nothing等復合不定代詞時，放在

它們的后面，如果復合不定代詞有形容詞來修飾，詞序是“復合不定代詞

＋形容詞＋不定式”。Have

you

got

anything

important

to

buy？你有什么重要的東西要買嗎？I

had

something

cold

to

drink.我喝冷飲了。6.

不定式作表語動詞不定式可以跟在連系動詞后作表語，表示主語的具體內(nèi)容、目的

等。動詞不定式作表語通常可以跟主語進行位置互換。My

dream

is

to

be/become

a

famous

scientist.我的夢想是成為一名著

名的科學家。三、含不定式的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)1.

“too＋adj./adv.＋

to

do

sth”意為“太……（以至于）不能……”。You’re

never

too

old

to

learn.活到老學到老。[八下－Unit

5]2.

“adj./adv.＋enough

to

do

sth”意為“足夠……做某事”。You’re

old

enough

to

learn

about

manners

now，Hobo.你已經(jīng)長大了，該學

會禮貌了，霍波。[八下－Unit

5]

動詞的－ing形式一、動詞的－ing形式構(gòu)成動詞的－ing形式包含動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞兩種形式，由“動詞原形＋

ing”構(gòu)成，否定形式是“not＋動詞原形＋ing”。二、動詞的－ing形式的基本用法1.

動名詞的基本用法句法功能說明示例作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)Eating

too

much

is

bad

for

your

health.吃得太多對你的健康害。作賓語動詞賓語表示一般的習慣、抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動作I

like

playing

the

piano

very

much.我非常喜歡彈鋼琴。作賓語介詞賓語表示一般的習慣、抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動作Stamps

are

used

for

sending

letters.郵票是用來寄信的。句法功能說明示例作表語多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語His

hobby

is

playing

basketball.＝

Playing

basketball

is

his

hobby.打籃球

是他的愛好。作定語只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，置于被修飾詞之前She

is

in

the

dinning

room.她在餐廳。We

should

improve

our

learning

methods.我們應該改進我們的學習方

法。2.

現(xiàn)在分詞的基本用法句法功能說明示例作定語現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作形容詞用，

如果是一個單詞，位于名詞之

前；如果是分詞短語，位于名

詞之后China

is

a

developing

country.中國是一個發(fā)展中

國家。作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，一般表示主

語的性質(zhì)和特征，含有“令

人……”的意思。主語多數(shù)情

況下是物The

news

sounds

encouraging.這則消息聽起

來令人鼓舞。句法功能說明示例作狀語分詞作狀語，可表時間、原

因、條件、讓步、方式、伴

隨、結(jié)果Being

a

student，he

likes

to

help

others.作為一名學生，

他喜歡幫助他人。作賓語補足語可以接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞

有：see，watch，hear，

keep，find等I

heard

Lily

singing

in

the

classroom.我聽見莉莉在教

室唱歌。三、常跟動名詞作賓語的（短語）動詞英語中有一些（短語）動詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語。初中階段常見的

有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，consider，suggest，avoid，be

worth，

be

busy，practice，have

fun，have

trouble/problems（in），feel

like，be

used

to（習慣于），give

up，keep

on，can’t

help，look

forward

to，pay

attention

to，devote…to。妙記我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞：完成練習值得忙（finish，

practice，

be

worth，

be

busy）；繼續(xù)習慣別放棄（keep

on，

be

used

to，

give

up）；考慮建議不禁想（consider，

suggest，

can’t

help，

feel

like）；喜歡思念要介意（enjoy，

miss，

mind）；避免期盼應注意（avoid，

look

forward

to，

pay

attention

to）。四、動詞后接不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別1.

remember

to

do

sth記著要去做某事；remember

doing

sth記得過去

做過某事I

remember

seeing

this

film

before.我記得以前看過這部電影。I

remember

to

see

the

film

this

evening.我記著今天晚上要去看電影。2.

forget

to

do

sth忘記要去做某事；forget

doing

sth忘記曾做過某事I

forgot

turning

off

the

lights

when

I

left

the

room.我忘了當我離開房間時已經(jīng)

把燈關(guān)掉了I

forgot

to

turn

off

the

lights

when

I

left

the

room.離開房間時，我忘

記關(guān)燈了。3.

stop

doing

sth停止正做的事情；stop

to

do

sth停下（正做的事情）去做另

一件事She

stopped

reading

the

story.她停止讀那個故事了。She

stopped

to

read

the

story.她停下來去讀那個故事。She

stopped

doing

her

homework

to

watch

TV.

她停止做作業(yè)去看電視了。提醒stop

to

do

sth＝stop

doing

sth

to

do

sth，不定式在這里作目的狀語。4.

go

on

doing

sth繼續(xù)做某事；go

on

to

do

sth繼續(xù)去做另一件事After

some

rest，we

will

go

on

doing

that.休息一會兒后，我們將繼續(xù)做那件事。After

playing

football，we

will

go

on

to

play

basketball.我們踢完足球后，將

繼續(xù)去打籃球。5.

try

doing

sth嘗試著做某事；try

to

do

sth設法去做某事，努力去做某事They

will

try

doing

it

in

a

new

way.他們將試著用一種新的辦法做此事。We

are

trying

to

learn

English

well.我們在努力去學好英語。6.

regret

doing

sth對做過的事后悔；regret

to

do

sth對未做的事表示遺憾I

regret

telling

you

the

bad

news.我后悔把這個壞消息告訴了你。I

regret

to

say

I’m

not

able

to

help

you

finish

it.很抱歉，我不能幫你

完成此事。7.

mean

to

do

sth打算做某事；mean

doing

sth意味著做某事I

meant

to

go

running

this

morning.今天早上我本打算去跑步的。This

new

order

will

mean

working

overtime.這個新訂單意味著我們要加班加點了。拓展

need，require，want后跟不定式和動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別：當need，require，

want作“需要”講時，后接動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，也可跟不定式的被

動式。此時，need，want，require后動詞的邏輯賓語必須是句子的主語。即sth

wants/needs

doing

（＝to

be

done）某物需要做；sb

want/need

to

do

sth某人想要/需

要做某事He

needs

to

do

his

homework.他需要做家庭作業(yè)了。The

flower

needs

watering.花需要澆水了。易錯點

現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別：1.

常見的動詞如see，

watch，

notice，

hear，

feel，

have等，接不帶to的不

定式作賓語補足語，表示已經(jīng)完成了的或經(jīng)常性的動作；接動詞的－ing作

賓語補足語，表示動作正在進行。I

heard

him

singing

in

the

classroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌。（“唱”這

個動作正在進行）I

heard

him

sing

in

the

classroom.我聽到他在教室里唱歌了。（“唱”這個動

作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）2.

常用動詞的－ing形式的句型①It＋is＋n.＋

doing

sth做某事是……的It’s

no

use

complaining.抱怨沒有用。It

is

not

much

fun

playing

basketball.打籃球沒什么意思。②There

be＋n./pron.＋

doing

sth有某人/物在做某事There

are

already

robots

working

in

factories.已經(jīng)有在工廠里工作的

機器人了。③There

is

no＋doing

sth做某事是不可能的There

is

no

joking

about

such

a

serious

matter.這件事很嚴肅，開不得玩笑。④There

be＋（no）problem/difficulty/trouble＋doing

sth做某事（沒）有困難There

is

no

trouble

finishing

the

work

on

time.按時完成工作沒有困難。⑤Sb

spend（s）some

time/money

（in）doing

sth某人花費一些時間/金錢做

某事My

sister

always

spends

a

lot

of

money

buying

clothes.我的姐姐總是花很多錢

買衣服。

動詞的－ed形式一、動詞的－ed形式構(gòu)成動詞的－ed形式是指動詞的過去分詞，有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種

形式。二、動詞的－ed形式基本用法句法功能說明示例作定語修飾名詞，表示完成、被動

意義，可置于名詞前，也可

置于名詞后。I

know

the

boy

called

Jim.我

認識那個叫吉姆的男孩。作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等。The

glass

is

broken.玻璃碎

了。句法功能說明示例作賓語補足語說明賓語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或表

示完成、被動意義。You’ve

had

your

hair

cut！你

理發(fā)了！作狀語表示原因或伴隨等。Moved

by

their

speech，I

was

at

a

loss

what

to

say.被他們的

發(fā)言感動，我不知說什么

好。易錯點現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別1.

在時間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成

的動作the

rising

sun正在升起的太陽the

risen

sun升起來的太陽2.

have

sb

do

sth，

have

sb/sth

doing

sth和have

sth

done的區(qū)別①have

sb

do

sth意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用let，

make代替。不定

式往往表示一次性的具體動作，且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。The

soldiers

had

the

boy

stand

with

his

back

to

his

father.士兵們讓這個男孩背

對他的父親站著。②have

sb/sth

doing

sth意為“讓某人/物一直做某事”，have可以用keep代

替，現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）所表示的動作往往具有持續(xù)進行的含義。The

two

men

had

their

lights

burning

all

night

long.那兩個人讓他們的燈通宵

亮著。③have

sth

done意為“讓某事被別人做”，即ask

sb

else

to

do

sth，過去分詞

（done）所表示的動作由他人（非主語本身）來完成，含有被動意義。The

driver

had

his

car

washed

once

a

week.這個司機一周洗一次他的車。A組考點突破考點1

動詞不定式1.

（2024揚州）China

has

made

great

efforts

other

countries

build

high－

speed

railways.A.helpB.to

helpC.helpingD.helpedB

2.

（2024南通海安一模）

the

Museum’s

90th

year，Nanjing

Museum

displayed

more

than

200

valuable

treasures

in

90

groups.A.CelebrateB.CelebratingC.To

celebratingD.To

celebrate3.

（2024南京江寧高新區(qū)中學三模）Environmental

protection

groups

have

advised

governments

laws

for

all

ocean

life.A.to

developingB.to

developC.developingD.developD

B

4.

（2024南通如皋、崇川二模）

students’

eyesight

and

make

sure

they

focus

on

their

studies，schools

will

have

more

rules

to

limit

mobile

phone

use.A.ProtectB.To

protectC.ProtectedD.Protecting5.

（2024揚州寶應二模）I

have

decided

to

go

to

Beijing

and

one

of

my

old

friends

there.A.visitingB.visitedC.visitsD.visitB

D

6.

（2024揚州梅嶺中學教育集團二模）－What

else

should

I

pay

attention

to

my

English？－You

should

watch

English

videos

as

often

as

possible.A.improveB.improvesC.improvingD.to

improve7.

（2023南通）

healthy，we’ve

got

used

to

washing

hands

before

meals

and

using

public

chopsticks.A.KeepingB.KeepC.To

keepD.To

keepingD

C

8.

（2023揚州）Science

is

my

favourite

subject，so

I

have

prepared

the

STEAM

Club.A.joinB.joiningC.to

joinD.to

joiningC

考點2

動詞的－ing形式9.

（2024宿遷）By

reading

the

public

signs，he

had

no

difficulty

in

the

shopping

mall.A.findB.foundC.to

findD.finding10.

（2024南通海安十三校聯(lián)考二模）The

sun

was

shining

brightly，

everything

there

look

more

beautiful.A.makingB.to

makeC.and

makeD.and

makingD

A

11.

（2024常州金壇直溪中學一模）－Did

you

lie

to

your

mother

when

you

were

a

child？－Yes.

But

now

I

realize

I

was

wrong.

I

really

regret

that

silly

thing

to

my

mom.A.doB.to

doC.doingD.didC

12.

（2024宿遷沭陽一模）－Are

there

many

students

about

the

Mid－

term

Star

Awards

after

class？－Yes，of

course.A.talkB.to

talkC.talkingD.talked13.

（2024無錫江陰一模）A

new

underground

Jiangyin

with

Wuxi

has

been

in

use

for

several

months.A.comparingB.chargingC.connectingD.coveringC

C

14.

（2024揚州廣陵一模）The

young

player

spends

four

hours

volleyball

every

day.A.practiseB.practisingC.to

practiseD.practised15.

（2024揚州樹人學校一模）Many

students

have

difficulty

with

their

parents，which

causes

trouble

in

their

life.A.communicateB.to

communicateC.communicatingD.communicatedB

C

考點3

動詞的－ed形式16.

（2024南京玄武一模）An

artificial

intelligence

chatbot

ChatGPT

by

OpenAI

is

one

of

the

fastest－growing

consumer

apps

in

history.A.decidedB.dividedC.developedD.discoveredC

17.

（2024宿遷宿城一模）－Be

quick！There

is

little

time

before

the

film

starts.－OK.

Let’s

go

now.A.leavingB.to

leaveC.leavesD.left18.

（2024常州金壇一模）

“the

Dragon

Year”，the

name

“Loong

Year”

increases

our

cultural

confidence

as

Chinese.A.Compare

withB.To

compare

withC.Compared

withD.Comparing

withD

C

B組

語段提升

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正

確形式

重難點撥Hi

Alice，How

are

you？I

want

to

tell

you

about

my

trip

to

the

city

space

museum

two

days

ago.

I

have

never

been

there

before，so

I

was

1.

?

（excite）！I

was

taking

care

of

my

little

sister

and

she

was

bored

so

I

said，

“We

are

going

on

an

2.

（usual）experience！”excited

unusual

When

we

arrived，we

started

to

explore（探索）.

The

space

museum

is

very

large

and

full

of

interesting

and

exciting

objects

3.

（touch）.

The

first

room

you

enter

looks

like

deep

space.

There

is

information

about

different

planets

with

a

quiz（知識競賽）at

the

end.

The

4.

?

（win）has

a

chance

to

invent

a

name

for

a

planet－that’s

exciting，isn’t

it？

The

5.

（two）room

looks

like

the

inside

of

a

spaceship.

You

can

touch

an

astronaut’s

spacesuit（宇航服）.

It

looks

really

heavy！I

don’t

know

how

an

astronaut

can

wear

it.

It

looks

a

little

old.

I

don’t

know

when

it

6.

（make）either.

And

you

can

see

where

the

astronauts

prepare

their

food.

Did

you

know

they

use

a

knife，fork

and

spoon

to

eat？I

didn’t.

to

touch

winner

second

wasmade

I

thought

it

was

all

in

bags.We

were

looking

at

the

oven

from

the

spaceship

when

my

sister

7.

?

（tell）me

she

was

hungry.

So

we

went

to

have

a

snack.

They

were

preparing

a

pizza（比薩餅）in

the

restaurant

and

the

smell

of

food

always

makes

me

hungry

so

we

had

a

piece

of

pizza！It

was

delicious.

While

we

8.

?

（eat）a

pizza，they

were

baking（烘焙）biscuits，so

we

ate

some.

Don’t

worry！We

have

bought

some

9.

you－you

will

love

them！They

look

like

rockets

and

taste

like

honey！told

were

eating

for

After

lunch，we

explored

more

of

the

museum

10.

stayed

for

the

rest

of

the

day.

They

were

turning

off

the

lights

when

we

left！Have

you

ever

been

to

a

museum？See

you

soon！Helenand

素養(yǎng)專練3動詞填空1.

（2024揚州）My

father

always

（避免）clothes

shopping，for

he

doesn’t

care

about

his

clothing.2.

（2024無錫）

（keep）calm

and

carry

on.

There’s

still

a

long

way

to

go.3.

（2024無錫）The

children

did

a

lot

of

research

in

the

lab

?

（finish）the

science

project.4.

（2024宿遷）Judy

（承諾）to

serve

people

in

need

when

he

was

in

college.avoids

Keep

to

finish

promised

5.

（2023南通）－How

heavy

the

rain

is?。璉t

started

at

about

seven

this

morning.

I