山西省孝義市2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山西省孝義市2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIt’spossibletoenjoysplendidviewswhentravelingbyair,especiallyduringtakeoffandlanding.Butthere’softennotmuchtoseewhenyou’reat39,000feet.That’sonereasonwhytraintravelhaslongbeenoneofthemostpopularwaystoseetheworld.ThefollowingarefourofthemostscenictrainridesonEarth.SriLankaRailwaysinSriLanka“TheridebetweenKandyandEllatakesyoupastcolorfulvillages,rollinghills,teaplantationsandmore,”saidtravelwriterLoriZaino.“It’sawholeculturalexperience—localsinmycarweresingingandclappingtheentiretime.”theseven-hourrideisagreatwaytoexploretheSriLankancountryside.Justbesuretochooseasecond-classseatsoyoucanlookoutthewindowandenjoytheview.PilatusLuzerninSwitzerlandBookanytraininSwitzerland,andyou’llprobablyenjoyuninterruptedviewsoftheAlps,beautifulalpinevillagesandglass-likelakes.Butforsomethingabitmoreadventurous,headtoAlpnachstadtoridethePilatusLuzern,whichisthesteepestcograilwayintheworld—climbingtoananglejustshyof45degrees,thoughthejourneyonlylastsabout30minutes.JacobiteSteamTraininScotland“AboardtheJacobiteSteamTrain,whichplayedtheroleoftheHogwartsExpressinthe“HarryPotter”movies,passengersfeellikethey’reontheirwaytoHogwarts,”CanadiantravelwriterJohannaReadsaid.“StartingatthebaseofScotland’shighestmountain,BenNevis,thetrainpassesbyScotland’smoors(曠野)andlakesandthenslowsforphotosasitcrossesthe21archesofthecurved(彎曲的)GlenfinnanViaductalsofeaturedinthemovies.”DenaliStarinAlaskaDiscovertheAlaskanwildernessbyrailwitharideontheDenaliStar.Onlyavailableinthesummerseason,theDenaliStarisa12-hour,356-milejourneythatpassestheKnikRiver,theHealyCanyonandhundredsoffeetoverHurricaneGulch.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutthetrainsinSwitzerland?A.Theyfeatureanairofjoy.B.Noneofthemisattractivetoadventurouspassengers.C.AnyofthemislikelytoofferuninterruptedviewsoftheAlps.D.Comparedwiththeotherthree,theyhavetheshortesttraveltime.2.WhatisspecialabouttheJacobiteSteamTrain?A.Itpassesbylakes. B.Ithasappearedinfilms.C.Itoffersavarietyoflandscapes. D.Itssecond-classseatsarepopular.3.Whatdothesetrainrideshaveincommon?A.Theycoverlongdistances. B.Theypassthroughmountains.C.Theyofferimpressivescenery. D.Theyarebeneficialforculturalcommunication.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹地球上四條最具觀賞性的火車旅行路線，包括斯里蘭卡、瑞士、蘇格蘭及阿拉斯加的特色火車及沿途風(fēng)景?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PilatusLuzerninSwitzerland部分中“BookanytraininSwitzerland,andyou’llprobablyenjoyuninterruptedviewsoftheAlps,beautifulalpinevillagesandglass-likelakes.(在瑞士預(yù)訂任何一列火車，你可能會(huì)欣賞到阿爾卑斯山、美麗的高山村莊和如玻璃般的湖泊的不間斷景色)”可知，在瑞士，任何一列火車都可能提供阿爾卑斯山不間斷的景色。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JacobiteSteamTraininScotland部分中“AboardtheJacobiteSteamTrain,whichplayedtheroleoftheHogwartsExpressinthe‘HarryPotter’movies,passengersfeellikethey’reontheirwaytoHogwarts(乘坐曾在《哈利?波特》系列電影中扮演霍格沃茨特快列車角色的雅各布蒸汽火車，乘客們感覺(jué)自己仿佛正前往霍格沃茨)”可知，雅各布蒸汽火車的特別之處在于它在電影中出現(xiàn)過(guò)。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“That’sonereasonwhytraintravelhaslongbeenoneofthemostpopularwaystoseetheworld.ThefollowingarefourofthemostscenictrainridesonEarth.(這就是為什么火車旅行長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是看世界最受歡迎的方式之一的原因。以下是地球上四條最風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的火車之旅)”以及對(duì)四列火車的描述SriLankaRailwaysinSriLanka中“TheridebetweenKandyandEllatakesyoupastcolorfulvillages,rollinghills,teaplantationsandmore(康提和埃拉之間的旅程會(huì)帶你經(jīng)過(guò)色彩斑斕的村莊、起伏的山丘、茶園等等)”；PilatusLuzerninSwitzerland中“BookanytraininSwitzerland,andyou’llprobablyenjoyuninterruptedviewsoftheAlps,beautifulalpinevillagesandglass-likelakes.(在瑞士預(yù)訂任何一列火車，您都可能會(huì)欣賞到阿爾卑斯山、美麗的高山村莊和玻璃般的湖泊的美景)”；JacobiteSteamTraininScotland中“thetrainpassesbyScotland’smoors(曠野)andlakesandthenslowsforphotosasitcrossesthe21archesofthecurved(彎曲的)GlenfinnanViaductalsofeaturedinthemovies.(火車經(jīng)過(guò)蘇格蘭的曠野和湖泊，然后在穿過(guò)電影中也出現(xiàn)過(guò)的彎曲的格倫芬南高架橋的21個(gè)拱門時(shí)減速以便拍照)”；DenaliStarinAlaska中“theDenaliStarisa12-hour,356-milejourneythatpassestheKnikRiver,theHealyCanyonandhundredsoffeetoverHurricaneGulch.(迪納利之星是一段12小時(shí)、356英里的旅程，經(jīng)過(guò)尼克河、希利峽谷，并在颶風(fēng)峽谷上方數(shù)百英尺處行駛)”可知，這些火車之旅的共同之處是它們都提供令人印象深刻的風(fēng)景。故選C。BTheenvironmentwherechildrenareraisedprimarilyinfluencesthekindofindividualstheygrowuptobe.That’swhykidsneedtobebroughtupinasupportiveandlovinghome.Unfortunately,noteverykidisluckyenoughtohavethisexperience.This15-year-oldboyfromNashville,Tennessee,namedAndrewcanrelatetothissituationalltoowell.Thechildhasbeeninstatecustody(監(jiān)護(hù))sincehewas6yearsold.Fiveyearsago,DominiqueGillandherhusband,KevinGill,openedtheirhometoAndrewanddecidedtobecomehisfosterparents(養(yǎng)父母).Theboywas10atthetime,andunderstandably,ittookhimawhiletoadjusttohisnewenvironment.“Duringhisfirstweekwithus,hesatinhisroomwiththedoorclosedandlookedatoldpictures.Hedidn’twanttotalk,”DominiquetoldTODAYParents.Hewouldalso“screamandbehavebadly”totrytopushthemaway.ButDominiqueandKevinrefusedtogiveuponhim.Eventually,Andrewlearnedtocontrolhisemotionsandhasalsodevelopedatightbondwiththeirson,Joc.WhentheGillfamilyaskedAndrewifhewantedtobeapermanentpartoftheirfamily,hesaidyes,andhewasofficiallyadoptedinMarch2025.Initially,theGillshadnoplanofadoptingwhentheybeganfostering.Alltheywantedtodowashelpasmanyneglectedchildrenastheycould.However,whenAndrew’ssecondadoptionfailed,theytookitasasignthathewasmeanttobewiththeirfamilyforever.NowthatAndrewisofficiallyaGill,thingshavebeengoingreallywellforthefamily.However,Dominiquecan’thelpbutnoticethestarestheygetwheneverthey’reoutinpublic,becauseAndrew’swhiteandthey’reblack.RacehasneverbeenanissuewithAndreworhisadoptivefamily.Hecheckedthe“nopreference”boxwhenhewasaskedabouthisracepreferenceforhisfosterparents.“Lovedoesn’thaveacolor.AndrewisoursonjustlikeJocisourson,”Dominiquesaid.“He’sapartofus.”Indeed,truelovedoesn’tdiscriminate;itonlyaccepts!4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“neglectedchildren”inparagraph4referto?A.Childrenunwillingtotalk.B.Childrenhardtocontroltheiremotions.C.Childrennotreceivingenoughcareorattention.D.Childrenhardtoadjusttonewenvironments.5.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDominiqueandKevin?A.Patientandcaring. B.Braveandsupportive.C.Generousandmodest. D.Respectedandconsiderate.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Andrewhaslivedinthreefosterfamiliesintotal.B.Shortlyafterbeingadopted,Andrewbehavedbadly.C.BecauseofAndrew’sskincolor,theGillswereunwillingtoadopthim.D.Whilechoosingfosterparents,Andrewdidn’ttakeraceintoconsideration.7.What’sthemessageofthisstory?A.Racemeansnothing. B.Everyoneisbornequal.C.Lovecanmelteverything. D.Environmentwhereonegrowsmatters.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了田納西州15歲男孩安德魯曾被國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù)，多米尼克夫婦收養(yǎng)他，用愛(ài)讓他融入家庭，體現(xiàn)真愛(ài)無(wú)種族和偏見(jiàn)?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Theenvironmentwherechildrenareraisedprimarilyinfluencesthekindofindividualstheygrowuptobe.That’swhykidsneedtobebroughtupinasupportiveandlovinghome.Unfortunately,noteverykidisluckyenoughtohavethisexperience.(孩子們成長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境主要影響他們成長(zhǎng)為什么樣的人。這就是為什么孩子們需要在一個(gè)充滿支持和愛(ài)的家庭中長(zhǎng)大。不幸的是，并不是每個(gè)孩子都有這樣的經(jīng)歷)”，第二段“Thechildhasbeeninstatecustody(監(jiān)護(hù))sincehewas6yearsold.(這個(gè)孩子從6歲起就由國(guó)家監(jiān)護(hù))”，以及第三段“However,whenAndrew’ssecondadoptionfailed,theytookitasasignthathewasmeanttobewiththeirfamilyforever.(然而，當(dāng)安德魯?shù)牡诙晤I(lǐng)養(yǎng)未能成功時(shí)，他們把這看作是一個(gè)征兆，表明安德魯注定要永遠(yuǎn)和他們一家在一起)”可知，不是每個(gè)孩子都能在充滿愛(ài)和支持的家庭中長(zhǎng)大，以及多米尼克夫婦打算收養(yǎng)安德魯可知，多米尼克夫婦想幫助那些沒(méi)有得到足夠關(guān)愛(ài)和照顧的孩子。由此可推知，劃線部分neglectedchildren指的是那些沒(méi)有得到足夠關(guān)愛(ài)和照顧的孩子，即“沒(méi)有得到足夠關(guān)心或關(guān)注的孩子”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Hewouldalso“screamandbehavebadly”totrytopushthemaway.ButDominiqueandKevinrefusedtogiveuponhim.Eventually,Andrewlearnedtocontrolhisemotionsandhasalsodevelopedatightbondwiththeirson,Joc.(他還會(huì)“尖叫和表現(xiàn)不好”試圖推開(kāi)他們。但多米尼克和凱文沒(méi)有放棄他。最終，安德魯學(xué)會(huì)了控制自己的情緒，并且和他們的兒子喬克也建立了緊密的聯(lián)系)”可知，面對(duì)安德魯不好的行為，他們沒(méi)有放棄，很有耐心，而且想要幫助像安德魯這樣的孩子，說(shuō)明他們很有愛(ài)心，所以用Patientandcaring來(lái)描述多米尼克和凱文最合適。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Hecheckedthe“nopreference”boxwhenhewasaskedabouthisracepreferenceforhisfosterparents.(當(dāng)被問(wèn)及對(duì)養(yǎng)父母的種族偏好時(shí)，他勾選了“無(wú)偏好”選項(xiàng))”可知，在選擇養(yǎng)父母時(shí)，安德魯沒(méi)有考慮種族因素。故選D項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Indeed,truelovedoesn’tdiscriminate;itonlyaccepts!(的確，真愛(ài)不歧視；它只接納！)”以及文章中多米尼克和凱文收養(yǎng)安德魯，盡管安德魯一開(kāi)始表現(xiàn)不好，他們也沒(méi)有放棄，最終安德魯融入了家庭，可知本文傳遞的信息是愛(ài)可以融化一切。故選C項(xiàng)。CSwimmingisagreatexerciseforstayinghealthy.Butitcanalsobealifesavingskillandhelptokeepyoufromdrowning.However,insomebodiesofwater,swimmingmightbedifficult.Ontoday’sshow,wetalkaboutseveralEnglishexpressionsthatuse“swim”todescribedifferentwaystofaceasituation—especiallydanger,difficulty,oranyhardship.Let’sstartwithswimminginrivers.Let’ssayyoujumpinariverandswimdownstream.Thatmeansyouareswimmingwiththecurrentofthewater.Thismakesswimmingeasierandfaster.So,theexpressiontoswimdownstreammeansusingtheeasywaytogetsomethingdone.However,whenyouswimupstream,youhavetofighttheflowofthewater.Insomeriversorotherbodiesofwater,swimmingupstreamisnearlyimpossible.Asanexpression,swimmingupstreammeansyoutakeamoredifficultpathtodosomething.Youmakeitharderforyourself.Here’sanexample:Dealingwithmoneyisnotmystrongsuit.Infact,lastyearIwasdrowningindebt.Everymonthwhenbillsarrived,IfeltlikeIwasswimmingupstream.SoIwenttoafinancialadvisor.Now,ifyouareswimmingintheocean,sea,orotherlargebodiesofwater,youmaybefightingthetide.Swimmingagainstthetideisanotherexpression.Itmeansyouarefightingagainstverypowerfulforces.Andchancesareyouwillnotcomeoutthewinner.Swimmingwiththetideorcurrent,ismucheasier.Again,thismeansyouhavetakenaneasierpath.Alloftheseexpressionscanbeusedanotherway.Theycanalsomeanthatyouaregoingwithoragainstpopularopinionsorviewpoints.Ifyouareswimmingwiththetideorcurrentorswimmingdownstream,youactthesamewayasthemajorityofothers.Youaregoingwiththeflow.Thatisanothercommonexpression—togowiththeflow.Peoplewhogowiththeflowareeasy-going.Theytakethepopularpathwithoutprotest.8.Whatistheauthor?A.Host. B.Writer. C.Teacher. D.Linguist.9.Whydoestheauthorgiveanexampleinparagraph3?A.Toteachreadershowtodealwithbills.B.Todescribethefeelingof“swimupstream”.C.Toexplainthemeaningof“swimupstream”.D.Toshowthedifficultyofhandlingfinancialissues.10.WhichcanNOTdescribeamanwhoalwaysagreeswiththemajority?A.Swimupstream. B.Gowiththeflow.C.Swimdownstream. D.Swimwiththecurrent.11.Whatwillbediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A.Importanceoftheword“swim”.B.Examplesoftheuseof“swim”indifferentoccasions.C.Errorspeoplemakewhileusingexpressionsabout“swim”.D.Explanationof“swimmingupstream/againstthetide(current)”.【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹“swim”相關(guān)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，如順流、逆流等游泳相關(guān)表達(dá)及其在面對(duì)情況和表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)方面的含義?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ontoday’sshow,wetalkaboutseveralEnglishexpressionsthatuse‘swim’todescribedifferentwaystofaceasituation—especiallydanger,difficulty,oranyhardship.(在今天的節(jié)目中，我們將談?wù)搸讉€(gè)用‘swim’來(lái)描述面對(duì)情況——尤其是危險(xiǎn)、困難或任何艱難困苦的不同方式的英語(yǔ)表達(dá))”可知，“show”表明這是一個(gè)節(jié)目，所以作者很可能是主持人。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Asanexpression,swimmingupstreammeansyoutakeamoredifficultpathtodosomething.Youmakeitharderforyourself.Here’sanexample:Dealingwithmoneyisnotmystrongsuit.Infact,lastyearIwasdrowningindebt.Everymonthwhenbillsarrived,IfeltlikeIwasswimmingupstream.SoIwenttoafinancialadvisor.(作為一個(gè)表達(dá)，‘swimmingupstream’意味著你采取更困難的方式去做某事。你讓自己更艱難。這里有一個(gè)例子：處理金錢不是我的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。事實(shí)上，去年我債臺(tái)高筑。每個(gè)月當(dāng)賬單到來(lái)時(shí)，我感覺(jué)就像在逆流而上。所以我去咨詢了一位理財(cái)顧問(wèn))”可知，作者給出這個(gè)例子是為了解釋“swimupstream”這個(gè)表達(dá)的意思，即采取更困難的方式做事。故選C?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“theexpressiontoswimdownstreammeansusingtheeasywaytogetsomethingdone.(‘swimdownstream’這個(gè)表達(dá)意味著用簡(jiǎn)單的方法完成某事)”，第四段“Swimmingwiththetideorcurrent,ismucheasier.Again,thismeansyouhavetakenaneasierpath.(順流或順潮游泳要容易得多。這再次意味著你選擇了一條更簡(jiǎn)單的路徑)”，第五段“Ifyouareswimmingwiththetideorcurrentorswimmingdownstream,youactthesamewayasthemajorityofothers.Youaregoingwiththeflow.Thatisanothercommonexpression—togowiththeflow.(如果你順流或順潮游泳，或者是順流而下游泳，你的行為方式和大多數(shù)人一樣。你是隨波逐流。這是另一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)——隨波逐流)”可知，gowiththeflow、swimdownstream和swimwiththecurrent都可以表示和大多數(shù)人行為一樣，隨波逐流；而swimupstream意味著采取更困難的方式做事，和大多數(shù)人不一樣，不能描述總是同意大多數(shù)人的人。故選A。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)用“swim”組成的表達(dá)，以及它們的含義，并且在介紹含義的時(shí)候舉了一些例子。根據(jù)文章的邏輯，接下來(lái)很可能會(huì)繼續(xù)給出“swim”在不同場(chǎng)合使用的例子，來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明這些表達(dá)的用法。故選B。DA“superhero”mosscansignificantlyreducetheriskandseverityoffloodingforcommunitieslivingindownstreamareas,researchershavefound.ScientistsfromtheconservationgroupMoorsfortheFuturePartnershipwhoconductedasix-yearstudyintosphagnummoss(泥炭蘚)foundthatthesphagnummossplantedinuplandareasreducedpeakstreamflow—themaximumamountofwaterthatentersariverafterastorm—by65%.Themosswasalsofoundtoincreaselagtime—thetimetakenbetweenrainfallandtherainwaterenteringtheriversystem—by680%.Morethan50,000individualsphagnumplantswereplantedonKinderScout,thehighestpointinthePeakDistrictNationalPark,aspartofan“outdoorlaboratory”forresearcherstoobserve.BeforethemosswasplantedonKinder,thehillsurfaceconsistedofbarepeat,whichmeantthatafterastormrainwaterwouldwashstraightoff,leavingcommunitiesindownstreamvalleysmorevulnerable(易受攻擊的)toflooding.Theplantingofsphagnummosscouldthereforebringimportantecologicalbenefits.Theplantiscapableofabsorbingupto20timesitsownweightinwater,whichmeansthatmorerainwatercanbeheldupstreamandenterarivercatchment(流域)moregraduallytopreventitfrombeingflooded.Sphagnummosscanalsohelpprotectthelayers(層)ofpeatunderneathit,andcanbuildupovertimetocreatenewlayersofpeatwhichareessentialtocarbonstorage.Researcherssaythebenefitsofplantingsphagnummosswillbeintensifiedovertimeastheplantgrows,andthatmossplantinghasthepotentialtobringglobalbenefitsintermsoftheclimate,waterqualityandfloodseverity.TomSpencer,aresearchandmonitoringofficerfortheMoorsfortheFuturePartnership,saidtheresultswere“shocking”andapplaudedthedramaticeffectsthemosshashadontherivercatchment.Hesaidsphagnumplantingcouldbe“apowerfultoolinminimizingtheriskandseverityofflooding”,whichwouldhave“far-reachingbenefitsforrcommunitiesdownstream”.12.Howwastheresearchconducted?A.Byreferringtotheexistingdatabase.B.Byobservingthechangesintheupland.C.Bydoingexperimentsinreal-lifesituations.D.Bycomparingthelatestresearchwithpreviousones.13.WhichmayNOTbethebenefitbroughtbySphagnumMoss?A.Improvingthewaterquality.B.Indirectlyhelpingwithcarbonstorage.C.Stoppingrainwaterfromenteringtheriversystem.D.Reducingtheriskoffloodingfordownstreamareas.14.What’sTomSpencer’sattitudetowardsSphagnummoss?A.Critical. B.Unclear. C.Indifferent. D.Supportive.15.Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.“Superhero”moss’far-reachingbenefitsB.Sphagnummoss’newly-foundadvantagesC.“Superhero”mosscansavecommunitiesfromfloodingD.Sphagnummosstogetherwithpeatisperfectforfloodprevention【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)泥炭蘚可顯著降低下游地區(qū)洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，其在防洪及生態(tài)方面具有重要作用。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Morethan50,000individualsphagnumplantswereplantedonKinderScout,thehighestpointinthePeakDistrictNationalPark,aspartofan‘outdoorlaboratory’forresearcherstoobserve.(超過(guò)5萬(wàn)株單獨(dú)的泥炭蘚植物被種植在峰區(qū)國(guó)家公園的最高點(diǎn)金德斯科特，作為供研究人員觀察的‘戶外實(shí)驗(yàn)室’的一部分)”可知，研究是通過(guò)在現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境中種植泥炭蘚并進(jìn)行觀察來(lái)開(kāi)展的，也就是在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活情境中做實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Theplantingofsphagnummosscouldthereforebringimportantecologicalbenefits.Theplantiscapableofabsorbingupto20timesitsownweightinwater,whichmeansthatmorerainwatercanbeheldupstreamandenterarivercatchment(流域)moregraduallytopreventitfrombeingflooded.Sphagnummosscanalsohelpprotectthelayers(層)ofpeatunderneathit,andcanbuildupovertimetocreatenewlayersofpeatwhichareessentialtocarbonstorage.(因此，泥炭蘚的種植可以帶來(lái)重要的生態(tài)效益。這種植物能夠吸收高達(dá)自身重量20倍的水分，這意味著更多的雨水可以被保留在上游，并更緩慢地進(jìn)入河流流域，以防止洪水泛濫。泥炭蘚還可以幫助保護(hù)其下面的泥炭層，并且隨著時(shí)間的推移可以形成新的泥炭層，這對(duì)碳儲(chǔ)存至關(guān)重要)”以及第六段“Researcherssaythebenefitsofplantingsphagnummosswillbeintensifiedovertimeastheplantgrows,andthatmossplantinghasthepotentialtobringglobalbenefitsintermsoftheclimate,waterqualityandfloodseverity.(研究人員表示，隨著時(shí)間的推移，隨著泥炭蘚這種植物的生長(zhǎng)，種植它所帶來(lái)的益處將會(huì)增強(qiáng)，并且種植泥炭蘚在氣候、水質(zhì)和洪水嚴(yán)重程度方面具有為全球帶來(lái)益處的潛力)”可知，泥炭蘚可以減少下游地區(qū)洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（D選項(xiàng)）、間接幫助碳儲(chǔ)存（B選項(xiàng)）、改善水質(zhì)（A選項(xiàng)）。而C選項(xiàng)“阻止雨水進(jìn)入河流系統(tǒng)”錯(cuò)誤，文中說(shuō)的是讓雨水更緩慢地進(jìn)入河流流域，而不是阻止進(jìn)入。故選C?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“TomSpencer,aresearchandmonitoringofficerfortheMoorsfortheFuturePartnership,saidtheresultswere‘shocking’andapplaudedthedramaticeffectsthemosshashadontherivercatchment.Hesaidsphagnumplantingcouldbe‘a(chǎn)powerfultoolinminimizingtheriskandseverityofflooding’,whichwouldhave‘far-reachingbenefitsforcommunitiesdownstream’.(‘未來(lái)荒野’合作伙伴關(guān)系的研究和監(jiān)測(cè)官員湯姆?斯賓塞表示，這些結(jié)果‘令人震驚’，并稱贊了這種苔蘚對(duì)河流流域產(chǎn)生的顯著影響。他說(shuō)，種植泥炭蘚可能是‘將洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和嚴(yán)重程度降至最低的有力工具’，這將‘對(duì)下游社區(qū)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的益處’)”可知，從他對(duì)結(jié)果的稱贊以及對(duì)苔蘚作用的肯定可以看出，他對(duì)泥炭蘚持支持的態(tài)度。故選D?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章開(kāi)篇指出“A‘superhero’mosscansignificantlyreducetheriskandseverityoffloodingforcommunitieslivingindownstreamareas,researchershavefound.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，一種‘超級(jí)英雄’苔蘚可以顯著降低下游地區(qū)居民社區(qū)遭受洪水的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和嚴(yán)重程度)”，接著具體介紹了對(duì)泥炭蘚的研究以及它在防洪等方面的作用。所以C選項(xiàng)“Superhero”mosscansavecommunitiesfromflooding(“超級(jí)英雄”苔蘚可以使社區(qū)免受洪水侵襲)準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章主旨，突出了苔蘚在防洪方面的關(guān)鍵作用。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manyconsumersareunawareoftheenvironmentalimpactoftheirshoppinghabits.Intoday’sconsumersociety,wetendtodiscarditemswithouthesitationwhentheybecomeoldorslightlydamaged.____16____.Theriseof“fastfashion”isaperfectexampleofthisthrow-awayculture.Clothingbrandsproducecheapgarmentsatanastonishingrate,encouragingconsumerstobuymoreanddiscardfrequently.____17____.Sadly,mostofthesediscardedclothesendupinlandfills,wheretheymaytakehundredsofyearstodecompose.Electronicwastepresentsanothermajorchallenge.Astechnologyadvancesatbreakneckspeed,peoplereplacetheirdevicesmorefrequentlythaneverbefore.____18____.Manycontaintoxicmaterialsthatcanpollutesoilandwaterifnotproperlydisposedof.____19____.Supermarketsdiscardimperfectproduce,whilehouseholdsthrowawayediblefooddaily.Researchshowsthataboutone-thirdofallfoodproducedgloballygoestowaste.Thisisparticularlytroublingwhenconsideringthatmillionsworldwidesufferfromhunger.However,solutionsareavailableifwearereadytochangeourconsumptionpatterns.____20____.Forexample,repairingitemsinsteadofreplacingthemcanextendtheirusability.Optingforqualityoverquantityensureswepossessdurableproductsthatstandthetestoftime.Additionally,properrecyclingiscrucialinreducingwaste.Everyminoractioncontributessignificantlytoconstructingamoresustainablefuture.A.Foodwasteisequallyconcerning.B.Theimpactoffoodshouldn’tbeignored.C.Makingconsciouschoicesisastepofgreatvalue.D.Thegovernmentshouldadoptstricterregulationsonthemanagement.E.Thisresultsinmountainsofoutdatedsmartphones,laptopsandothergadgets.F.Theaveragepersonnowbuys60%moreclothingitemscomparedto20yearsago.G.Thishabithasledtosevereenvironmentalresultsthatdemandourimmediateattention.【答案】16.G17.F18.E19.A20.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。消費(fèi)社會(huì)中快時(shí)尚、電子垃圾、食物浪費(fèi)等問(wèn)題突出，改變消費(fèi)模式、做出有意識(shí)選擇是解決之道?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Manyconsumersareunawareoftheenvironmentalimpactoftheirshoppinghabits.Intoday’sconsumersociety,wetendtodiscarditemswithouthesitationwhentheybecomeoldorslightlydamaged.(許多消費(fèi)者沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他們的購(gòu)物習(xí)慣對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。在當(dāng)今的消費(fèi)社會(huì)中，當(dāng)物品變老或稍有損壞時(shí)，我們往往會(huì)毫不猶豫地丟棄它們)”可知，這里在說(shuō)消費(fèi)者隨意丟棄物品的習(xí)慣。G選項(xiàng)Thishabithasledtosevereenvironmentalresultsthatdemandourimmediateattention.(這種習(xí)慣已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境后果，需要我們立即關(guān)注)中的Thishabit指代上文提到的隨意丟棄物品的習(xí)慣，并且說(shuō)明了這種習(xí)慣帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)重環(huán)境后果，起到了承接上文的作用。故選G?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Theriseof‘fastfashion’isaperfectexampleofthisthrow-awayculture.Clothingbrandsproducecheapgarmentsatanastonishingrate,encouragingconsumerstobuymoreanddiscardfrequently.(‘快時(shí)尚’的興起是這種一次性文化的一個(gè)完美例子。服裝品牌以驚人的速度生產(chǎn)廉價(jià)服裝，鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者多買并頻繁丟棄)”可知，這里在說(shuō)快時(shí)尚背景下消費(fèi)者的服裝消費(fèi)情況。F選項(xiàng)Theaveragepersonnowbuys60%moreclothingitemscomparedto20yearsago.(與20年前相比，現(xiàn)在普通人購(gòu)買的服裝數(shù)量多了60%)通過(guò)具體的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了在快時(shí)尚影響下消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買服裝數(shù)量的增加，與上文提到的“鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者多買”相呼應(yīng)，是對(duì)上文內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步闡述。故選F?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Electronicwastepresentsanothermajorchallenge.Astechnologyadvancesatbreakneckspeed,peoplereplacetheirdevicesmorefrequentlythaneverbefore.(電子垃圾帶來(lái)了另一個(gè)重大挑戰(zhàn)。隨著技術(shù)以極快的速度發(fā)展，人們更換設(shè)備的頻率比以往任何時(shí)候都高)”可知，這里在說(shuō)人們更換電子設(shè)備頻繁導(dǎo)致電子垃圾的問(wèn)題。E選項(xiàng)Thisresultsinmountainsofoutdatedsmartphones,laptopsandothergadgets.(這導(dǎo)致了堆積如山的過(guò)時(shí)智能手機(jī)、筆記本電腦和其他小工具)中的This指代上文提到的人們頻繁更換設(shè)備這一情況，mountainsofoutdatedsmartphones,laptopsandothergadgets具體說(shuō)明了產(chǎn)生的電子垃圾的情況，承接上文說(shuō)明了頻繁更換設(shè)備的后果。故選E?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Supermarketsdiscardimperfectproduce,whilehouseholdsthrowawayediblefooddaily.Researchshowsthataboutone-thirdofallfoodproducedgloballygoestowaste.(超市丟棄不完美的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，而家庭每天都扔掉可食用的食物。研究表明，全球生產(chǎn)的所有食物中約有三分之一被浪費(fèi)了)”可知，這里在說(shuō)食物浪費(fèi)的問(wèn)題。A選項(xiàng)Foodwasteisequallyconcerning.(食物浪費(fèi)同樣令人擔(dān)憂)能夠引出下文關(guān)于食物浪費(fèi)的具體內(nèi)容。故選A?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“However,solutionsareavailableifwearereadytochangeourconsumptionpatterns.(然而，如果我們準(zhǔn)備好改變我們的消費(fèi)模式，就有解決辦法)”以及下文“Forexample,repairingitemsinsteadofreplacingthemcanextendtheirusability.Optingforqualityoverquantityensureswepossessdurableproductsthatstandthetestoftime.(例如，修理物品而不是更換它們可以延長(zhǎng)它們的可用性。選擇質(zhì)量而不是數(shù)量可以確保我們擁有經(jīng)得起時(shí)間考驗(yàn)的耐用產(chǎn)品)”可知，這里在說(shuō)改變消費(fèi)模式的解決辦法。C選項(xiàng)Makingconsciouschoicesisastepofgreatvalue.(做出有意識(shí)的選擇是很有價(jià)值的一步。中的Makingconsciouschoices呼應(yīng)上文的changeourconsumptionpatterns，并且下文的repairingitemsinsteadofreplacingthem、Optingforqualityoverquantity等都是Makingconsciouschoices的具體例子，起到了承上啟下的作用。故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、Ｄ四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Max’s21stbirthdaywasapproaching,andhismotherAndreaexpectedtheusualrequestforacheckoraparty.Butthisyear,Maxsurprisedher,“Insteadofagiftforme,____21____anycheckyouwillgivemetohelpsomeoneinneed”.Touchedbyhisselflessness,Andreaplannedtoturnhisbirthdayintoacelebrationofkindness.ShepassedavideocameratoMax’sbrotherCharlie.Thenshetook21$10billsoutofher____22____accountandbought21applesatthesupermarket.Whenthey____23____aman,whowas____24____,Andreatoldhim,“TodayismysonMax’s21stbirthday,andheaskedmetogiveagifttosomeonetohelphim____25____.”She____26____themana$10billandanapple.Themansmiledintothecameraand____27____,“Happybirthday,Max!”Soon,they____28____theirgiftstomenandwomenwaitingin____29____atasoupkitchen.Inaunifiedchorus,theywishedMax,“Happybirthday!”Atapizzaparlour,Andrea____30____$50andtoldtheownerstofeedthe____31____.“Happybirthday,Max!”theysaidsincerely.Withthe____32____$10billandapple,theyknockedattheirneighbour’sdoor.Anelderlyladylivedalone,andunableto____33____herlaughterorhertears,shefacedthecamera____34____,“Happybirthday,Max!”Thatevening,Maxwatchedthe____35____ofstrangerscelebratinghisbirthdayandvowedtomakebirthdaysatimenotjusttoreceive,buttogive.21.A.promote B.serve C.donate D.accept22.A.home B.campus C.kitchen D.bank23.A.spotted B.recognized C.sheltered D.witnessed24.A.mean B.cautious C.homeless D.generous25.A.count B.celebrate C.survive D.congratulate26.A.headed B.transferred C.handed D.delivered27.A.assured B.sighed C.announced D.wrote28.A.gaveaway B.getacross C.handedin D.brokedown29.A.style B.shape C.vain D.line30.A.fetched B.left C.combined D.took31.A.nervous B.disappointed C.curious D.hungry32.A.limitless B.casual C.common D.remaining33.A.contain B.judge C.explain D.interrupt34.A.definitely B.eventually C.incredibly D.remotely35.A.video B.website C.diary D.blog【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.C25.B26.C27.C28.A29.D30.B31.D32.D33.A34.B35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。Max21歲生日臨近，他沒(méi)像往常一樣要支票或辦派對(duì)，而是讓媽媽把錢捐贈(zèng)給有需要的人。媽媽深受感動(dòng)，取現(xiàn)買蘋果后和孩子們給無(wú)家可歸的人、救濟(jì)站排隊(duì)的人送錢和蘋果，在披薩店留錢給饑餓的人，還拜訪獨(dú)居老婦。當(dāng)晚Max看了記錄視頻，決心讓生日不僅是收獲，更是給予的時(shí)刻?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是今年，麥克斯給了她一個(gè)驚喜，“你沒(méi)有給我禮物，而是把你給我的任何支票都捐出來(lái)幫助需要幫助的人?！盇.promote促進(jìn)；B.serve服務(wù)；C.donate捐贈(zèng)；D.accept接受。根據(jù)后文“anycheckyouwillgivemetohelpsomeoneinneed”可知，此處指把支票捐贈(zèng)出來(lái)幫助他人。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她從銀行賬戶里取出21張10美元的鈔票，在超市買了21個(gè)蘋果。A.home家；B.campus校園；C.kitchen廚房；D.bank銀行。根據(jù)上文“Thenshetook21$10billsoutofher”可知，此處指去銀行賬戶里取錢出來(lái)。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們看到一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男人時(shí)，Andrea告訴他：“今天是我兒子麥克斯的21歲生日，他讓我送一個(gè)禮物給別人來(lái)幫他慶祝?！盇.spotted看到；B.recognized認(rèn)可；C.sheltered庇護(hù)；D.witnessed目擊。根據(jù)后文“aman”可知，此處指看到一個(gè)男人。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們看到一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男人時(shí)，Andrea告訴他：“今天是我兒子麥克斯的21歲生日，他讓我送一個(gè)禮物給別人來(lái)幫他慶祝?！盇.mean刻薄的；B.cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；C.homeless無(wú)家可歸的；D.generous慷慨的。根據(jù)上文“helpsomeoneinneed”可知，要幫助需要幫助的人，所以最有可能是無(wú)家可歸的男人。故選C?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們看到一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男人時(shí)，Andrea告訴他：“今天是我兒子麥克斯的21歲生日，他讓我送一個(gè)禮物給別人來(lái)幫他慶祝。”A.count計(jì)算；B.celebrate慶祝；C.survive幸存；D.congratulate祝賀。根據(jù)上文“TodayismysonMax’s21stbirthday,andheaskedmetogiveagifttosomeonetohelphim”可知，麥克斯讓媽媽送禮物給別人來(lái)一起慶祝他的生日。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她遞給那個(gè)人一張10美元的鈔票和一個(gè)蘋果。A.headed前往；B.transferred轉(zhuǎn)移；C.handed遞給；D.delivered遞送。根據(jù)后文“themana$10billandanapple”可知，此處指遞給那個(gè)人鈔票和蘋果。故選C?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那個(gè)男人微笑著對(duì)著鏡頭宣布：“生日快樂(lè)，麥克斯！”A.assured使確信；B.sighed嘆息；C.announced宣布；D.wrote寫。根據(jù)后文“Happybirthday,Max!”可知，得到幫助的男人微笑著對(duì)著鏡頭宣布：“生日快樂(lè)，麥克斯！”故選C?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：很快，他們把禮物分發(fā)給了在施粥所排隊(duì)等候的男男女女。A.gaveaway贈(zèng)送；B.getacross使理解；C.handedin提交；D.brokedown出故障。根據(jù)上文“helpsomeoneinneed”以及后文“theirgiftstomenandwomen”可知，此處指把禮物送給他人。故選A?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，他們把禮物分發(fā)給了在施粥所排隊(duì)等候的男男女女。A.style風(fēng)格；B.shape形狀；C.vain徒勞；D.line隊(duì)伍。根據(jù)上文“theirgiftstomenan