鐵道機車專業(yè)教學吉林鐵道王顏明08課件

鐵道機車專業(yè)教學資源庫吉林鐵道職業(yè)技術學院主講：王顏明H.D.Schaller Sept.2006MoRDesignReview鐵道部設計評審

JT56ACe

ChinaMainlineBogie中國干線機車轉向架XiaoyingMa SeniorBogieEngineer UF,Bogie&TSM 轉向架高級工程師 底架、轉向架和牽引控制SaketMishra BogieEngineer UF,Bogie&TSM 轉向架工程師 底架、轉向架和牽引控制Hans-DieterSchaller LeadBogieEngineer UF,Bogie&TSM

轉向架主任工程師 底架、轉向架和牽引控制

Beijing北京FirstpresentedonMay17,2006.2006年5月17日首次介紹UpdatedinSept2006.2006年9月補充修訂H.D.Schaller Sept.2006Agenda議程Mainrequirements

主要要求Bogieconcept

轉向架概念Wheelset

輪對Primarysuspension

一系懸掛Brakesystem

制動系統(tǒng)Tractionmotorinterface

牽引電機接口Secondarysuspension

二系懸掛Carbodylinkage

牽引桿Miscellaneouscomponents 其它零件Bogieframe

轉向架構架Weightandweightshift

重量及軸重轉移H.D.Schaller Sept.2006A.Mainrequirements主要要求Servicespeed構造速度120km/h

每小時120公里Traction牽引StartingTE 起動牽引力620kN(42%)

ContinuousTE 持續(xù)牽引力578kN(39%)Locomotivepoweronrail

輪周功率Traction牽引 3700kW

Braking制動 3700kWLocomotiveweight機車重量150,000kg+/-3%with2/3ofvariablesupplies在2/3整備重量時重量為150,000kg+/-3%Curveradius

曲線半徑145mTypeofbogie轉向架型式Bogiewithprimarytractionrodsandwithoutpedestals

轉向架采用一系軸箱拉桿，而不使用軸箱導框Bogieframedesign轉向架構架結構Fabricated–light-weightdesign

焊接式輕量化結構Brakesystem制動系統(tǒng)Unitizedtreadbrakeswithautomatedslackadjustersandintegratedspringappliedandairreleasedparkingbrake

使用帶有自動間隙調整器的踏面制動裝置，并自帶彈簧作用空氣緩解的停放制動Carbodylinkage車體牽引桿Siderodattachmentwithbellcrankandcrosslinkmechanism

帶有拐臂和橫拉桿的側拉桿機構Suspensionsystem懸掛系統(tǒng)Softprimarysuspensionwithcoilspringsand較軟的一系螺旋彈簧Stiffersecondarysuspensionwithrubbersprings較硬的二系橡膠彈簧H.D.Schaller Sept.2006B.Bogieconcept轉向架概念Bogieframe轉向架構架Tractionrod軸箱拉桿Primarysuspension一系懸掛Wheelset&Tractionmotor輪對及牽引電機Flangelube,Rockknockerandsanders輪緣潤滑器,掃石器及撒砂器Steps腳蹬H.D.Schaller Sept.2006B.Bogieconcept轉向架概念

(Continued續(xù))Secondaryinterlock二系安全鎖Secondaryyawdamper二系搖頭減振器Secondaryspring二系彈簧Secondaryyawstop二系搖頭止擋Carbodylinkage車體牽引桿SecondaryLateralstop二系橫向止擋Secondarylateraldamper二系橫向減振器H.D.Schaller Sept.2006C.Wheelset輪對BasisisSD70MACwheelsetwith1TB2630MODtractionmotor

基礎是SD70MAC的輪對并使用1TB2630MOD牽引電機?1050mmwheelswithChinesewheelprofileJM3

輪徑1050毫米并采用中國JM3型車輪踏面Wheelbacktobackspacingof1353mm53.27”

輪對內側距1353毫米，約等于53.27英寸SupportbearinghousinglikeSD70MAC

抱軸箱結構與SD70MAC相同ACetypegearcasewithfabricatedlowerandupperhalf

采用SD70ACe型的上下兩半焊接式齒輪箱Journalbearingspacingincreasedfrom2016mmto2100mmtogainclearancefortheunitizedtreadbrakes

軸箱軸承間距從2016毫米增至2100毫米以容納單元式踏面制動器AARClassKjournalbearings

使用AARK級自密封軸承H.D.Schaller Sept.2006C.Wheelset輪對(Continued續(xù))Journalbearing軸箱軸承Supportbearinghousing抱軸箱Wheel車輪Tractionmotor牽引電機Gearcase齒輪箱Axle車軸H.D.Schaller Sept.2006C.Wheelset輪對(Continued續(xù))Tractionmotor牽引電機Gearcase齒輪箱H.D.Schaller Sept.2006C.1WheelandAxle車輪及車軸WHEELDESIGN車輪結構:Thewheelisaforgedmonoblockwheelwithadiameterof1050mm.

車輪為整體式碾鋼車輪，直徑1050毫米。MaterialisClassBperAARStandardsM107/M208,whichissuitablefor25tonaxleloadsandhigherandminimizedriskofwheelshelling.

材料為AAR標準M107/M208B級材料，適合于25噸及以上軸重，并使車輪剝落的風險降到最小。ThelayoutwillbeinaccordancetoAARS-660”ProcedureforAnalyticalEvaluationofWheelDesigns”.

結構將符合AARS-660“車輪結構的分析性評價程序”。ThewheelprofilewillbeJM3typeprofilespecifiedinTB/T449-2003.

車輪踏面將為TB/T449-2003所規(guī)定的JM3型踏面。Wheelhastobeoflightweightdesign.

車輪必須采用輕量化結構。AXLEDESIGN車軸結構:TheaxlewillbeverysimilartodomesticACpoweredaxles.

車軸與美國國內交流傳動機車車軸非常相似。MaterialisGradeFperAARStandardsM101.

材料為AAR標準M101的F級材料。Wheelseatdiameterwillbe?9.23“(

234mm)likeondomesticaxles.

輪心座直徑為?9.23英寸，約為234mm，與美國國內機車車軸相同。Mainbodydiameterwillbe?8.00“(

203mm)likeondomesticaxles.

車軸主體直徑為?8.00英寸，約為203mm，與美國國內機車車軸相同。Axleislongerfor2100mmjournalbearingspacingandmodifiedattheendstoaccepttheAARClassKjournalbearing.

車軸經延長以適應2100毫米的軸箱軸承間距，另外車軸端部經改造以適應AARK級軸箱軸承。H.D.Schaller Sept.2006C.2Journalbearing軸箱軸承REQUIREMENTS要求:Thejournalbearingassemblyhastobeacompletelysealedandpre-lubricatedcartridgetypebearingassembly,notrequiringanyfieldlubricationormaintenanceduringthelifetimeofthewheel(“NFL”).Ithastobesuitableforbearingadapters,whichlackspecialprotectionforthebearingassembly.

軸箱軸承必須是一個完全密封并且經預潤滑的模塊式軸承總成，在車輪的壽命周期內無需進行任何使用現(xiàn)場潤滑或維護（簡稱“NFL”）。它必須適合于對軸承總成缺乏特殊保護的軸箱結構。Onlycartridgetypetaperedrollerbearingsaresuitablefor“NFL”andusageinbearingadapters.只有模塊式錐形滾子軸承適合于NFL以及與軸箱的配合使用。Thelifecalculationisbasedona25metrictonaxleload,aloadfactorof1.4andanaveragewheeldiameterof1013mm(half-worn).TheL10lifeshouldbesignificantlyhigherthantheexpectedwheellife.EMD’scriteriais,thatthebearingshouldhaveareliabilitypercentageofatleast97%athalfamillionmiles(800,000km)usingabovenumbersandthestandardlifecalculationmethod.

壽命計算是基于25噸軸重、載荷因數(shù)為1.4、以及車輪平均直徑為1013毫米（半磨耗）。L10壽命應顯著地高于預期的車輪壽命。EMD的規(guī)范是，使用上述數(shù)據(jù)以及標準的壽命計算方法，在50萬英里（80萬公里）時，軸承的可靠性百分比至少要達到97％。Lubricationshouldalsobesuitablefor800,000kmor10years,whatevercomesfirst.

潤滑應適合80萬公里或10年的運行，以先到者為準。Thedesignshouldbeserviceproven.AARapprovalispreferred.

結構應該經過實際運行考驗。首選經過AAR批準的。H.D.Schaller Sept.2006C.2Journalbearing軸箱軸承(Continued續(xù))SELECTION選擇:EMDselectedthecompactAARClassKjournalbearing,sinceitmeetsalloftheaboverequirements.

由于緊湊型的AARK級軸承滿足上述全部要求，所以EMD選擇這種軸承。Alllargejournalbearingsuppliers(Timken,BrencoandSKF)aresupplyingClassKbearings.

所有大型的軸承供應商（Timken、Brenco和SKF）都正在供應K級軸承。Shorteraxleendwilldeflectlessandthereforereducetheamountoffrettingofthebearingcomponents.

較短的軸端結構產生的變形較小，因此減少了軸承零件的磨損。Bearingasm軸承總成Axleendcap車軸端蓋H.D.Schaller Sept.2006C.2Journalbearing軸箱軸承(Continued續(xù))H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.Primarysuspensionsystem一系懸掛系統(tǒng)MAINFUNCTIONS主要功能:Thebearingadapterhousesthejournalbearingassembly.

軸箱提供容納軸箱軸承的空間。Thesystemprovidesverticalsuspensionanddamping.

系統(tǒng)提供垂向懸掛及減振。Thesystemlimitsverticalmovementsinbothdirections(stopandinterlock).

系統(tǒng)限制垂向的雙向位移（止擋及安全鎖）。Thesystemtransferslateralloadswiththedesiredstiffness.

系統(tǒng)以所希望的剛度傳遞橫向載荷。Thesystemtransferslongitudinalloadsduetotractiveeffortandbraking.

系統(tǒng)傳遞因牽引和制動導致的縱向載荷。H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.Primarysuspensionsystem一系懸掛系統(tǒng)(Continued續(xù))DESIGNGOALS設計目標:Robustandreliabledesign,thatiseasytomanufactureandeasytomaintain.穩(wěn)健而可靠的結構，易于制造和維護。Suspensionsystemoptimizedforgoodverticalrideandforhighstability.

對懸掛系統(tǒng)進行優(yōu)化以實現(xiàn)好的垂向行駛質量和高穩(wěn)定性。Ifpossible,nospringpocketsorotherholesinthefabricatedbogieframe.

盡可能不在焊接式轉向架構架上設彈簧套或其它孔。Lateralstopareaaccessibleforinspectionandmaintenance,especiallythelateralpadsshouldbereplaceablewithouttheneedtoremovethewheelsetorlowerthewheelsetonadroptable.

橫向止擋區(qū)域應該可接近以便進行檢查和維護，特別是應該可以在不拆掉輪對或在落輪臺上降低輪對的條件下更換橫向止擋墊。Verticaldamperseasilyaccessible.

垂向減振器應易于接近。Thebearinghousingshouldbea2-piecebearingadapterdesignwithanupperhousingandaremovablebearingcaporretainer.

軸箱應采用帶有軸箱上體和一個可拆卸式軸承蓋或保持器的分體式結構。Componentstobedesignedforalongoverhaulinterval.

零件設計要滿足大修周期長的要求。H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.Primarysuspensionsystem一系懸掛系統(tǒng)(Continued續(xù))COMPONENTS零部件:Verticaldamper垂向減振器Upperhousing軸箱上體Bogieframe轉向架構架Tractionlink軸箱拉桿Doublecoilsprings雙螺旋彈簧Rubberpad橡膠墊Retainer保持器Verticalstop垂向止擋H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.Primarysuspensionsystem一系懸掛系統(tǒng)(Continued續(xù))COMPONENTS零部件:Bogieframe轉向架構架Lateralstopcomponents橫向止擋零件Interlock安全鎖(only1sideshown)（只顯示了一側）Lateralstopsupport橫向止擋支撐Journalbearingassembly軸箱軸承總成H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.1.Bearingadapterassembly軸箱總成2-PIECEBEARINGADAPTERDESIGN分體式軸箱結構Thetraditionalbearinghousingdesignisa1-piecebearinghousing.傳統(tǒng)的軸箱采用一體式結構。Itconsistsofahousingthatenclosesthebearingassemblytotally.Frontandrearcoversarenecessarytoprovidesealingofnon-cartridgebearingsystems.在這種結構中用一個軸箱容納軸承總成。如果使用非單元式軸承，還需使用前蓋和后蓋來為軸承提供密封。Forcartridgebearingsafrontcoverisneededonly,ifdampersorspeedsensoraremountedtothewheelset.如果使用的是單元式軸承，如果在該輪對上裝有減振器或速度傳感器，則只需使用前蓋。Bearinghousing軸箱Frontcover前蓋Traditionalbearinghousingdesign傳統(tǒng)的軸箱結構H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.1.Bearingadapterassembly軸箱總成(Continued續(xù))2-piecebearingadapterdesign分體式軸箱結構The2-piecebearingadapterdesignconsistsof2parts分體式軸箱結構由兩部分構成:Theupperhousingprovidestheinterfacetothebearingassemblyandtransfersverticalandhorizontalloads.

軸箱上部提供與軸箱軸承總成的接口，并傳遞垂向和水平載荷。Thelowerpart,calledbearingcaporbearingretainer,providesameansofliftingthewheelsetwiththebearinghousingandcan,dependingondesign,alsoaddstructuralstrengthtothewholeassembly.

被稱為軸承蓋或軸承保持器的下部零件可以使輪對與軸箱一起起吊，并且，取決于具體的設計，還能增加整個總成的結構強度。Thisdesigniscommonlycalledbearingadapter.這種結構在英文中一般叫做bearingadapter。Upperhousing軸箱上部Bearingcap軸承蓋H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.1.Bearingadapterassembly軸箱總成(Continued續(xù))ADVANTAGESOF2-PIECEBEARINGADAPTERDESIGN分體式軸箱結構的好處Wheelsetshavetobereplacedin-betweenbogieoverhaulsforseveralreasons:在轉向架的兩次大修中間由于以下原因不得不更換輪對：Fortractionmotororgearassemblymaintenance

維修牽引電機或牽引齒輪Forwheeltruing,ifunder-floortruingmachinesarenotavailable

修輪，如果沒有不落輪修輪設備的話Forwheelchange

更換車輪The2-piecebearingadapterdesignsimplifiesthereplacementoperationsignificantly:分體式軸箱結構顯著地簡化了更換過程：Thewheelsetcanberemovedwithaminimumamountofeffort.

僅用最小的努力就可以拆除輪對。Itisonlyrequiredtoremovethebearingcaporretainer,todisconnectthetractionmotorcablesandseparatethetractionmotorfromthenosesuspension.

僅需拆掉軸承蓋或保持器，斷開牽引電機電纜，并使牽引電機與電機吊桿分離。Dampersandtractionlinksremainwiththebogieframeassembly.

減振器和軸箱拉桿仍然與轉向架構架總成保持在一起。Springsremainwiththebogieframeassembly.

一系彈簧仍然與轉向架構架總成保持在一起。Theinstallationofthewheelsetdoesnotrequireafixture(ormanpower)tokeepthebearinghousingandthelinksandspringsalignedandsecuredduringliftingofthedroptable.

安裝輪對時無需在升起落輪臺的過程中使用工裝（或人力）來保持軸箱、軸箱拉桿和一系彈簧的對位。H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.1.Bearingadapterassembly軸箱總成(Continued續(xù))ADVANTAGESOF2-PIECEBEARINGADAPTERDESIGN分體式軸箱結構的好處Bearingadaptersalsoofferbenefitsintermsofincreasedreliability:分體式軸箱還有益于提高可靠性：Sincedampersandtractionlinksremainwiththebogieframeassembly,thereisnoneedtore-torquethemountinghardwareofthesecomponents.Thesejointsaretorquedtospecbythemanufacturerandwillbedisconnectedonlyforcomponentreplacementoratoverhaul.Theriskofboltscominglooseissignificantlyreduced.

由于減振器和軸箱拉桿仍然與轉向架構架總成保持在一起，因此無需重新用扭矩扳手擰緊這些零件的緊固件。這些連接由機車制造商按照規(guī)范緊固到規(guī)定扭矩，僅在更換這些零件或大修時才斷開，因此顯著降低了螺栓松動的風險。Thejournalbearingassembly(cartridgetypebearings)willnotbetouchedoropenedduringwheelsetchange.Theassemblyremainssealedwithoutanyriskofcontaminationofbearingassemblyorlubricant.

在更換輪對過程中不會接觸或打開軸箱軸承總成（單元式軸承）。整個總成保持密封狀態(tài)，因此沒有污染軸承總成或潤滑脂的風險。H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.1.Bearingadapterassembly軸箱總成(Continued續(xù))BEARINGADAPTERDESIGN軸箱結構Theproposedmaterialforthebearingadapteriscaststeelwithayieldstrengthof205MPaorbetter.

所建議的軸箱材料是屈服強度為205兆帕或更好的鑄鋼。Thefrontcoverandthelateralstopsupportwillbeintegratedintotheupperbearinghousing.Thisimprovesthestructuralintegrityofthebearingadapterandreducestheamountofflexing,whichcancauseundesiredjournalbearingloading(pinching).Thisdesignalsoeliminatesanumberofinterfaces(lessmachining,noboltedjoints,higherreliability).

在軸箱上體結構中還集成了前蓋和橫向止擋支承，這改善了軸箱結構的完整性并且減少了因軸箱的撓曲所造成的不希望看到的軸承附加載荷（夾緊）。該結構還消除了很多接合面，因此機加工量少，沒有螺栓連接，提高了可靠性。Retainer保持器Upperhousing軸箱上體H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.1.Bearingadapterassembly軸箱總成(Continued續(xù))BEARINGADAPTERDESIGN軸箱結構(Continued續(xù))Lateralthrustpadmountingface橫向止推片安裝面Tractionrodmountingface軸箱拉桿安裝面Dampermountingface減振器安裝面Shoulderswithlead-inchamfers肩部帶有導入倒角Speedrecordermountingface速度傳感器安裝面H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.2.PrimaryCoilSpring一系螺旋彈簧2setsofdoublecoilspringsareplacedonthebearingadapteratequaldistancetothecenterlineoftheaxle.

在軸箱上裝有兩套雙螺旋彈簧，兩側彈簧中心到車軸中心距離相等。Staticdeflectionofthecurrentproposalisaround120mm=4.75”(Targetis100to125mm).

目前建議的靜撓度約為120毫米=4.75英寸（目標是100到125毫米）TheODoftheouterspringisapproximately280mm;theheightisaround240mm.

外簧的外徑約為280毫米，壓縮高約240毫米。SpringswillbemadeoutofAlloyspringsteelfrompeeledbars.

彈簧將用去皮的合金彈簧鋼棒材制造。Springswillhaveatravelreserve,whenverticalstopscontact(differencebetweenstopheightandsolidheight).

當垂向止擋接觸時彈簧將有一個行程儲備（停止高度與壓并高度之差）Thecompactdesignhadbeenselected,sothatspringpocketsintheframearenotneeded.Thisreducesthemanufacturingcostoftheframe,improvesmanufacturabilityandrepresentsamorerobustdesign.

由于選擇了緊湊型設計，因此無需在轉向架構架上設計出彈簧套。這降低了構架的制造成本，改善了工藝性并體現(xiàn)了更穩(wěn)健的設計。Rubberpadsareaddedbetweenthecoilspringsandthebearingadaptertoreducehighfrequencyloadtransfer.

在軸箱與螺旋彈簧之間增加了橡膠墊以減少高頻載荷的傳遞。H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.2.PrimaryCoilSpring一系螺旋彈簧

(Continued續(xù))Outercoilspring外簧Innercoilspring內簧Rubberpad橡膠墊H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.2.PrimaryCoilSpring一系螺旋彈簧

(Continued續(xù))H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.3.Lateralstop橫向止擋Thelateralthrustpadandthenon-metallicpadrepresenttheinterface,whichtransfersthelateralloadfromthebearingadaptertothebogieframe.

橫向止推墊板和非金屬墊板構成了軸箱與轉向架構架之間傳遞橫向載荷的途徑。Thelateralthrustpadisabondedrubbercomponent,whichprovidestheproperstiffnessforgoodlateralrideandhighstability.

橫向止推墊板是一個粘結的橡膠零件，它能提供適當?shù)膭偠纫员銓崿F(xiàn)好的橫向行駛質量和高穩(wěn)定性。Thelateralthrustpadismountedtothebearingadapterfrontplate.Inspection,removalandreplacementarepossiblewithoutdroppingthewheelset.

橫向止推墊板安裝在軸箱的前端板上。無需落輪就可以進行檢查、拆除和更換。Thenon-metallicpadisboltedtoasupportonthebogieframe.

非金屬墊板通過螺栓固定在位于轉向架上的支撐上。Thereisasmallclearanceof1mmbetweenthethrustpadandthenon-metallicpadontheendaxles.

在端軸上的橫向止推墊板和非金屬墊板之間有1毫米的小間隙。Theareaiseasilyaccessible.Ifneeded,padscouldbeshimmedtomaintainclearance.

該區(qū)域易于接近。如果需要，可以通過給墊板加墊來保持間隙。Thecenteraxlewillnothavearesilientthrustpad,butasteelplatewith15mmofclearance,whichissufficientforgoodcurvingperformance.

中間軸沒有彈性止推墊板，用一塊鋼板形成15毫米的間隙，足以提供好的曲線通過性能。Lateralthrustpad橫向止推墊板Non-metallicpad非金屬墊板H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.3.Lateralstop橫向止擋(Continued續(xù))Shim墊片Padreplacement更換墊板H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.4.VerticalstopandInterlock垂向止擋及安全鎖Theverticalstopisintegratedintotheuppersectionofthebearingadapterandthelateralstopsupport.Bothfaceswillbemachined.

軸箱上部結構和（位于構架上的）橫向止擋支撐上各集成有垂向止擋的一部分。兩個接觸面都需要加工。Currentconcepthasanominalclearanceof55mm=46%ofstaticdeflection.

目前概念的名義間隙為55毫米，是靜態(tài)位移的46％。Theinterlockisinstalledin-betweentheenvelopeofthespringsandconsistsof:

安全鎖被置于彈簧所形成的空間內，由下列部分構成：Anupperinterlockbracket,thatisweldedtothebogieframe,

安全鎖上部支架，焊接在轉向架構架上。Alowerinterlockbracket,whichinterfaceswiththebearingadapterbodythroughataperedholeandissecuredwitharetainerbar.

安全鎖下部支架，通過一個錐孔與軸箱接合并通過一個保持器固定。Aninterlockchain,thatisattachedtobothupperandlowerbracketthroughaclevispinandcotterpins.

安全鎖鏈，兩端各通過一個橫銷及開口銷與上部支架和下部支架相連。Thebearingadapterhaschainguards,whichpreventthechainfromtouchingthespring.軸箱上有鏈子護罩，避免鏈子與彈簧接觸。H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.4.VerticalstopandInterlock垂向止擋及安全鎖(Continued續(xù))Chain/springguard鏈子/彈簧護罩Chain鏈子Lowerinterlockbracket安全鎖下部支架Upperinterlockbracket安全鎖上部支架Clevispinandcotterpins橫銷及開口銷Retainerbarforbracket支架保持器H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.5.Verticaldamper垂向減振器DESIGNGOALS設計目標Thedampingrequirementsshouldbederivedfromridequalitysimulations.

減振要求應來自于行駛質量模擬。Theverticaldampershouldbeeasilyaccessibleforinspectionandreplacement.

垂向減振器應易于接近以便進行檢查和更換。Fornormaltypeofservicethelifeexpectancyshouldbeequaltothebogieoverhaulinterval.

在正常維護條件下，其預期壽命應與轉向架大修周期相等。Abarmountdesignispreferredasthemostreliablemethodofattachment.

由于銷軸式安裝方式是最可靠的連接方式所以首選這種方式。Thereshouldbesufficientstrokereserveincompressionandtension.

在壓縮和拉伸過程中都應有足夠的行程裕量。CURRENTCONCEPT當前概念Ridesimulationshaveshown,thatanoffsetlocationoftheverticaldampersreducedthehighfrequencyloadtransferfromthetracktothecarbody.

行駛模擬已經顯示，偏置的垂向減振器能衰減從軌道向車體的高頻載荷傳遞。Bestarrangementiswithdampersonaxle1and3leading.

最佳布置是將減振器放置在1軸和3軸偏向前進方向一側。Currentdampingrateis6kNat0.100m/s(=1350lbs).

當前的阻尼率是在0.100m/s時為6千牛（1350磅）。Finaldampingcharacteristicwillbedefinedaftercarbodystructureandcabisolationhavebeenfinalized.

最終的減振特性將在車體結構和司機室隔振確定后再決定。H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.5.Verticaldamper垂向減振器

(Continued續(xù))Damperonaxle1(Offsetleading)1軸上的減振器（偏向前進方向一側）Damperonaxle3(Offsetleading)3軸上的減振器（偏向前進方向一側）H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.6.Speedrecorder速度傳感器REQUIREMENT要求TheATPtraincontrolsystemrequiresanaxlemountedspeedsensorofthetypeZhuzhouTQG15(X)-1.行車自動安全監(jiān)控裝置要求使用一個安裝在車軸上的由株洲TQG15(X)-1型速度傳感器。EMDPROPOSALEMD建議EMDproposestousethespeedsensorofthetypeShanghaiDEUTADF16withforkdrive,whichhasidenticalsignaloutputtoTQG15(X)-1.EMD建議采用上海德意達生產的撥叉式驅動的DF16傳感器，它與TQG15(X)-1

有同樣的信號輸出。Speedrecorderisboltedtofrontfaceofthebearingadapterwith4bolts.

速度傳感器通過4條螺栓連接在軸箱外部。Speedrecorderwithcable帶有電纜的速度傳感器H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.6.Speedrecorder速度傳感器

(Continued續(xù))Forkdrive驅動撥叉Pinboltedintotheaxleendcap驅動銷通過螺栓固定在端蓋上H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.7.Primarytractionrod一系軸箱拉桿DESIGNGOALS設計目標Thetractionrodshouldbeaslongaspossibletoreducetheangularloadingofbushingswithverticalbearingadaptermovement(torsion)andlateralwheelsetmovement(cocking)andtoreducethecontributiontotheverticalandlateralstiffness.

軸箱拉桿應盡可能長以降低因軸箱垂向運動對銷套產生的扭轉載荷和因輪對橫向運動對銷套產生的擺動載荷，并減少對垂向和橫向剛度的影響。Verticalbearingadaptermovementshouldresultinbushingtorsionalangle.Thismeans,thebushingaxisshouldbeparalleltothelateralaxis.

軸箱的垂向運動將導致銷套的扭角。這意味著，銷套軸線應與橫軸平行。Doublebondedrubberbushingsarepreferredtoreducethetendencytowalkout.

首選采用雙面粘結的橡膠銷套以降低滑出的趨勢。Innermemberofbushingshouldbeofconventionalbarmountdesign.

銷套的內層零件應具有傳統(tǒng)的銷軸安裝結構。Thetractionrodshouldbereplaceablewithouttheneedofdroppingthewheelset.

應該可以在無需落輪的條件下更換軸箱拉桿。Thetractionrodshouldbeof“1-piecedesign”.

軸箱拉桿應該為單體式結構。Theprimarytractionrodsshallbeeasilyaccessibleforinspectionandreplacement.Itshouldnotbenecessarytoremoveothermajorcomponentstoaccessthetractionrods.

軸箱拉桿應易于接近以便進行檢查和更換。在接近軸箱拉桿時應無需拆除其它主要零件。H.D.Schaller Sept.2006D.7.Primarytractionrod一系軸箱拉桿SOLUTION解決方案Tractionrodsare660mmlong,whichisagoodcompromisebetweenspaceenvelopeandbushingloading.

軸箱拉桿長660毫米，是在空間尺寸與銷套載荷之間較好的折衷。BarmountissymmetricalanddesignedforM24bolts.