河北省2021屆高三年級上冊11月考英語試題 含解析

21屆河北省高三年級11月份聯(lián)合考試

英語

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號

涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，

將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷

上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽卜面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B,C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀

下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.

1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatdoesthewomanplantodofirst?

A.Findabetterjob.

B.Gotravelling.

C.Getmoreinformation.

【答案】B

【原文】M:Jenny,there'sapostforanassistantmanagerinourcompany.Youshouldgiveitatry.

W:Thankyou.George.ButI'vedecidedtotravelabitbeforefindinganotherjob.

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Howwillthewomangobackhome?

A.Bytaxi.B.Bybike.C.Bybus.

【答案】C

【原文】W:I'llbebackthisevening.Johncan'ttakemetothebusstationinhiscar,soI'llwalk

downandgetalateronethanusual.

M.OK.I'llwaitforyou.

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Ataclothingstore.B.Atacleaner's.C.Atarestaurant.

【答案】B

［原文］M:Goodmorning,madam.CanIhelpyou?

W:Yes.Ihavesomewoolpantsthatneedtobecleaned.Ispilledwineonthematarestaurant.I

reallyhopetheyarenotruined.

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

WhenwillthewomangobacktoNanjing?

A.Thisnoon.B.Thisevening.C.Thisafternoon.

【答案】C

［原文］W:Hi,Mike.Listen.I'mcomingbacktoNanjingthisafternoon,andI'lltakeabusfromthe

railwaystation.So,youdon'ineediocomeandpickmeup.

M:OK.liikecare,andseeyousoon.

5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthekitchen?

A.Modem.B.Convenient.C.Small.

【答案】A

［原文］M:Woulditbeconvenient(osee(heapartmentnow?

W:Yes.Comethisway.please.Thisisthekitchen.Itiscompletelymodern.

第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、

C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,

每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩

遍。

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

6.Wherewillthewoman'ssisterprobablybetonight?

A.Inheroffice.

B.Atherownhome.

C.Atthespeakers'home.

7.Howmanypeoplewillbetherehavingdinnertonight?

A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.

【答案】6.A7.C

［原文］M:Hey.isyoursistercoming(odinnertonight?

W:No,sheisn't.ShehastoworklateonFridays.

M:Sodoesthatmeanit'sjustusfordinner?

W:Yeah.Isthataproblem?

M:No...It'sjustthatwealwayshavedinnertogether.Iwashopingthatwecouldhavesome

companyforonce.

W:Well.I'msorrytoletyoudown.ButIdidmakepizza,soIhopeyoucanatleastappreciatethat.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻：請去附件查看】

8.Whereisthemangoing?

A.ToHonolulu.B.ToChicago.C.ToNewYork.

9.Whichflightswillthemantakeforhisroundtrip?

A.Flight220andFlight576.

B.Flight220andFlight515.

C.Flight515andFlight476.

【答案】8.A9.B

［原文］W:UnitedAirlines.MayIhelpyou?

M:Yes.I'dliketobooksometicketsforFlight220,leavingforHoncluluonDecember22at7:30in

iheevening.

W:Doyouwanttoflyfirstoreconomyclass?

M:Economy,please.

W:Willthisbeaonewaytrip?

M:No,roundtripbacktoChicago.Bytheway,doyouhaveanydirectflightscomingback?

W:Yes.wedo.Flight515.leavingHonoluluat3:00pm.fliesnonstopbacktoChicago.

M:Thatwillbeperfect.What'stheexactairfare?

W:TheroundtripeconomyfarefromChicagotoHonoluluis$476duringthehighseason.

M:AHright,here'sthemoney.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看］

10.WhichgolfgamedoesIhemanrecommendalfirst?

A.TheChinaOpen.

B.TheHoustonOpen.

C.TheUSOpen.

11.Whenwillthetwospeakerswatchthegolfgametogether?

A.July15.B.May25.C.May26.

12.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Motherandson.

B.Husbandandwife.

C.Friends.

【答案】10.BILA12.C

［原文］M:Hello.Jane.ThisisPeterspeaking.

W:Hi,howareyou?

M:Fine.AndI'vegotsomegreatnewsforyou.

W:Really?What'sitabout?

M:Irememberyouarcinterestedinwatchinggolfgameswhenwewereattheuniversity.The

HoustonOpenwillberunningfromMay26toMay30.

W:Oh,that'sgreat.Butjustamoment,letmecheck.Ah...ItisapitythatIcan'tmakeit.Iwillbeon

businessinChinafromMay25toJune2.

M:Well,I'msorrytohearthat.Letmesee.Anothergame,iheUSOp3nwillberunningfromJuly15

toJuly18.Howaboutthat?

W:That'sgreat.Let'swatchthegametogether.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻：請去附件查看】

13.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisinterviewtomorrow?

A.Unconfident.B.Unconcerned.C.Disgusting.

14.Howwillthemangototheinterview?

A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.

15.Whatpositiondoesthemanwanttoget?

ASalesman.B.Engineer.C.Translator.

16.Whatimpressedthewomanmostlastyear?

A.Theman'sGerman.

B.Theman'sexperience.

C.Theman'sbusinessskills.

【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.A

原文】W:Aren'tyougoingforthejobinterviewtomorrow?

M:That'sright.Ihavelogoatteno'clockin(hemorning.Idon'tknowhowtogetthere,ihough.

W:Icantakeyouthereinmycar.ifyoulike.

M:Thanksalot.That'sagreathelp.ImustsayI'mnothappyaboutthisinterview.

W:Whynot?You'retherightpersontheyarelookingfor.AndIknowtheyneedengineers.

M:Iknow,bulIhaven'thadmuchexperience.

W:Idon'tthinkthatmailers.Anywayyouneedthejob.

M:OfcourseIdo.Butthere'sanotherihing.Idon'tthinkI'mgoodenoughallanguages.

W:ButyourGermanisreallygcod.Iwasimpressedbythewayyoutalkedtoihepeoplewemeton

holidaylastyear.

M:ButIdon'tthinkIspeakGermanwellenoughfordoingbusiness,andmyFrenchisterrible.

W:Well,Idon'lagree.Yburlanguagesaregood.

M:It'sveryniceofyoutotrytocheermeup,butIstilldon't(hinkImgoingtogetthejob.

W:Well,we'lljusthavetowaitandsee,won'twe?

聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

17.Whatmustguestsdobeforeenteringthepool?

A.Wearlifejackets.

B.Readthestalelaw.

C.Haveashowerwithsoap.

18.Whoisforbiddentousethepool?

A.Amanwithfever.

B.Asixty-year-oldlady.

C.Agymstaff.

19.Alwhatagecanchildrenswimalone?

A.Nineyearsold.B.Tenyearsold.C.Elevenyearsold.

20.HowlongwillthepoolbeopenfromJanuary1?

A.12hours.B.11.5hours.C.11hours.

【答案】17.C18.A19.C20.B

【原文】M:Attention,swimmers!Pleaselistencarefullytothefollowinginformationaboutour

communitypool.AllguestsmustsigninandleaveaphotoIDatthefrontdesk.Statelawrequires

ihatallswimmersmustshowerv/i(hsoapbeforeenteringthepool.Besides,allswimmersmustwear

properbathingsuits.Ifyouaresick,orhaveanysignsofillness,donotusethepooluntilyouare

completelyrecovered.Ifyourchildrenhaveany"accidents",youmustreportthemtothegymstaff

immediately.Childrentenyearsofageandyoungermustbeaccompaniedbyanadultovertheage

of18alalllimes.Remindchildrenthatspittingisnotallowed.Finally,therehasbeenaschedule

change.Inthepast,wehavebeenopenfrom6:00amto6:00pm.StartingfromJanuary1,wewillbe

openfrom7:00amto6:30pm.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

VCUCabellFirstNovelistAward

CurrentWinner

JohnEnglchardthaswonthe19thawardforBloomland(DzuncBooks).

AbouttheAward

TheVCUCabellFirstNovelistAwardhonorsanoutstandingnovelist'sfirstworkpublishedin

thepreviouscalendaryear.Winningnovelistshavewrittendifferentbooks,buteachispowerful

enoughinitsownwaytohavemovedinitialreadersandfinaljudgestowardtheconclusionIhat,

amongafieldofroughlyahundredsubmissionsannually,itswriterhasachievedsomething

remarkableandpermanent.

HowtheAwardWorks

Twiceayear,theadministnuiveteamsendsoutanationwidecallforsubmissionsfrom

publishers,editors,agents,andwritersthemselves.Thefirstroundofevaluationsismadeby

volunteerreaders.Theirrankingsandfeedbackguidethejudgingprocesstowardthreeorfour

finalists,fromwhomtheFirstNovelistCommitteeandthewinnerfromthepreviousyearchoosethe

winneroftheaward.ThenthewinningauthorappearsatapublicreadingandQ&Asession,

followedbyabooksigningandreception,whichfocusonthecreation,publication,andpromotion

ofafirstnovel.TravelexpensestoandlodginginRichmondforiheauthorandtheadditional

speakersareprovided,andtheauthorreceivesa$5,000cashprize.

Mailyourbookto:

901ParkAve.Box842033

Richmond,VA23284

(804)828-0593

21.Whoistheawardintendedfor?

A.Newnovelists.

B.Finaljudges.

C.Outstandingagents.

D.Professionaleditors.

22.Whichofthefollowingmayresultindisqualification?

A.Thebookwassubmittedbymail.

B.Thebookwaspublishedlastyear.

CThebookwassubmittedbyreaders.

D.Thebookwaswrittenbyaforeigner.

23.Whatisthepurposeofthebooksigningandreception?

A.Toappreciatethereaderfans.

B.Topromotethewinningbook.

C.Toshowrespectforthewriter.

D.Toadvertisethenovelistaward.

【答案】2LA22.C23.B

【分析】

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹小說家處女作大獎(jiǎng)的通告。

［詳解］1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句"TheVCUCabellFirstNovelistAwardhonorsan

outstandingnovelist'sfirstworkpublishedinthepreviouscalendaryear.”可知，TheVCUCabell

FirstNovelistAward是授予在前一年出版第一部作品的杰出公說家的獎(jiǎng)，所以TheVCU

CabellFirstNovelistAward是早為小說家的處女作設(shè)的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段笫一句"Twiceayear,iheadminisiraiivereamsendsouta

nationwidecallforsubmissionsfrompublishers,editors,agents,andwritersthemselves.可知，

行政團(tuán)隊(duì)每年兩次向全國各地的出版商、編輯、代理商和作家發(fā)出征求意見的電+話。所以

可知，參賽作品應(yīng)來自出版社、編輯、代理商或作者的投稿，而非讀者報(bào)送，選項(xiàng)C與文

意一致。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句"Thenthewinningauthorappearsatapublicreading

andQ&Asession,followedbyabooksigningandreception,whichfocusonthecreation,

publication,andpromotionofafirstnovel.M可知，然后獲獎(jiǎng)作者出現(xiàn)在公共閱讀和問答環(huán)節(jié)，

接著是簽售會(huì)和接待會(huì)，重點(diǎn)是創(chuàng)作、出版和推廣第一部小說，所以簽售招待會(huì)的目的是推

廣獲獎(jiǎng)處女作小說，故選B。

B

WhenSimonCanewasinthesecondgrade,hebeganlearningaboutallthewayshumanshave

animpactontheenvironmentandreallylookthoseclassroomlessonstoheartinawayihatsethim

apartfromhisschoolmalesathiselementaryschool.RS.81,intheBronx.uHetoldmewedrove

toomuchandmadetoomuchpollution,hisdad,JonathanCane,toldRunner'sWorld.SoSimon

convincedhisparentstostarthanging(heirclothestodry,takingthestairsinsteadofelevators,and

olher“green“measures.

“FormuchofkindergartenandfirstgradeIrodemybiketoSimon'sschoolwithhimonthe

back,>,Jonathansaid."Wchadalotoffunbeingoutdoors.We'dstoptogiveourdogtreatsand

generallyenjoyedit."AsSimongotbigger,though,itwasn'lpracticalforhimtorideonhisfather's

back,butitalsodidn'tmakesensetoridetogether—bothbecauseofsafetyconcernsandbecause

therewasnoplacetoputawaySimon'sbike.So,mostofthetimetheydrovethe1.5milesto

school.

Butin2019,whenSimonwasgoingintothirdgrade,the8-year-oldcameupwithanewwayto

helptheplanet:ninningthe1.5milestoP.S.81.AndJonathanpromisedhissonhe'djoinhimfbr

aslongashewanted.

“WedidatestrunonedayinAugust,anddecidedtogiveitago.Tobehonest,Ithoughthe'd

blink(眨眼)aft/itgotreallycoldorrainy,butheneverdidJJonathansaid.Herecalledoneday

whentheweatherwasparticularlybad."It'sreallyrainingouttheretoday,“hetoldSimon.uAnd

Simonsaid,'Wellthenwe'regoingtogetwet!,Hetookprideintoughingitout.anditbecamea

reallyfunfamilyroutine.”

Sincethestart.Simonhasrunwithhisdadandiheirblackdog.Lola,andhaseveninspiredhis

mom,NicoleSinQuee,tojoinin.Theysoonbecameknownas“thefamilythatrunstoschooP,.

24.WhatmakesSimondifferentfromhisclassmates?

A.Washinghisclothesbyhimself.B.Takingmanyclassesafterschool.

C.Raisingstrangequestionsinclass.D.Takinggreenmeasures(oprotectthe

environment.

25.HowdidSimonusuallygotoschoolinsecondgrade?

A.Bycar.B.Bycycling.C.Byrunning.D.By

schoolbus.

26.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?

A.Simonhastroublewithhiseyesight.B.Simonisreallystubbornand

inflexible.

C.Simonismuchtougherthanexpected.D.Simondidn'tgetsupportfromhis

father.

27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheBestWaytoGotoSchool

B.FatherandSonRunfortheEnvironment

C.ATeenagerKeepsRunningtoInspireFather

D.ThreeInspiringRunningAthletestoProtecttheEnvironment

【答案】24.D25.A25.C27.B

本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述一位八歲的男孩SimonCane為環(huán)保做出的實(shí)際行動(dòng)——和爸

爸一起跑去上學(xué)。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenSimonCanewasinthesecondgrade,hebeganlearningaboutall

ihewayshumanshaveanimpactontheenvironmentandreallytookthoseclassroomlessonsto

heartinawaythatsethimapartfromhisschoolmalesathiselementaryschool,P.S.81,inthe

Bronx.（當(dāng)SimonCane上二年級的時(shí)候，他開始學(xué)習(xí)人類對環(huán)境的所有影響，并真正把課

堂上所學(xué)的內(nèi)容牢記在心，在某種程度上這使他與布朗克斯的第81公立小學(xué)的同學(xué)們區(qū)別

開來。）“以及"SoSimonconvincedhisparenisiostanhangingihcirciorhcsiodry,takingihcstairs

insteadofelevators,andother4igreen^^measures.（所以，西蒙說服他的父母把衣服掛起來晾卜，

不坐電梯而走樓梯,以及采取其他“綠色”措施。）”可知,當(dāng)SimonCane上二年級的時(shí)候,

他開始學(xué)習(xí)人類對環(huán)境的所有膨響，把那些課堂上所學(xué)的內(nèi)容銘記于心，并且采取“綠色”

措施保護(hù)環(huán)境，這使得他跟他的同學(xué)不同。故選D項(xiàng)。

【25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AsSimongotbigger,though.itwasn'tpracticalforhimtorideonhis

father'sback,butitalsodidn'tmakesensetoridetogether—bothbecauseofsafetyconcernsand

becausetherewasnoplacetoputawaySimon'sbike.So,mostofihetimetheydrovethe1.5miles

toschool.（然而，隨著西蒙長大，騎在他爸爸自行車的后座，對他來說并不現(xiàn)實(shí)，但一起

騎車也沒有意義——既是出于安全考慮，也是因?yàn)闆]有地方放西蒙的自行車。所以大多數(shù)時(shí)

候他們都開車1.5英里到學(xué)校。）”以及第三段“Butin2019,whenSimonwasgoingintothird

grade,the8-ycar-oldcameupwithanewwaytohelptheplanet:runningthe1.5milestoP.S.81.

（但是在2019年，那時(shí)候8歲的西蒙上三年級，他提出了一個(gè)幫助地球的新方法:跑步1.5

英里去布朗克斯第81公立小學(xué)。）“可推知，二年級時(shí)SimonCane主要是坐車去上學(xué)。故選

A項(xiàng)。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題°根據(jù)第四段'"Tobehonest,ithoughthe'dblink（眨眼）afteritgotreallycoldorrainy,

butheneverdid；Jonathansaid.（說實(shí)話，我以為天冷了或下雨了他就會(huì)猶豫一下，但他從

來沒有。）“可知，SimonCane比預(yù)料的要堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

【27題詳解】

主旨大意題。閱讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段“WhenSimonCanewasinthesecondgrade,hebegan

learningaboutallthewayshumanshaveanimpacton（heenvironmentandreallytookthose

classroomlessonstoheart（當(dāng)西蒙?凱恩上二年級的時(shí)候，他開始學(xué)習(xí)人類對環(huán)境的所有影

響，并真正把課堂上學(xué)的內(nèi)容牢記在心。）”以及最后一段“Sincethestart,Simonhasrunwithhis

dadandtheirblackdog,Lola,andhaseveninspiredhismom,NicoleSinQuee.tojoinin.Theysoon

becameknownas4,thefamilythatrunstoschool.（從一開始，西蒙就和他的笆爸和他們的黑

狗蘿拉一起跑步，甚至還激勵(lì)了他的媽媽（NicoleSinQuee）也加入進(jìn)來。他們很快就被稱為

“跑去上學(xué)的家庭“”可知，本文主要講述八歲的男孩SimonCane很重視環(huán)保，并且為

環(huán)保做出的實(shí)際行動(dòng)——和爸爸一起跑步去上學(xué)。故選B項(xiàng)。

C

Previousresearchesshowt.iatyoucanchange,throughbehavior,yoursensitivitylodifferent

diseasesbasedonyourgenetics,Inotherwords,whenyouliveinanenvironmentthatsupports

healthyaging,illikelyaffectsyourabilitylosuccessfullybeatyourgeneticdisadvantagesthrough

lifestylechanges.However,therewasablankinknowledgeastotheexactenvironmentalandsocial

factors（因素）thatmakeforanenvironmentthatbestsupportslivingtoage100,whichanewstudy

helpedtoaddress.

Researcherslookedatstate-provideddataaboutthedeathsofnearly145.000Washingtonians

whodiedatage75orolderbetween2011and2015.Theyfoundthatneighborhoodwalkability,

highersocioeconomicstatus,andahighpercentageofworkingagelopukitionwerepositively

connectedwithreachingage100.Thesefindingsindicatethatmixed-agecommunitiesarevery

beneficialforeveryoneinvolved.Theyalsosupport(hebigpushingrowingurbancenterstoward

makingstreetsmorewalkable,v/hichmakesexercisemoreaccessibleioolderadultsandmakesit

easierforthemloaccessmedicalcareandgrocerystores.

Finally,theresearcherswantedtoseeinwhichareasofthestatepeoplehadahigherprobability

ofreachingage100.Foreachneighborhood,theycalculatedtheyearsofpotentiallifelost

(YPLL),ortheaveragenumberofyearsdeadindividualswouldhavehadtocontinuelivingtoreach

age100.Neighborhoodswithlowervaluesforyearsofpotentiallifelostwereconsideredtohavea

higherlikelihoodofreachingage100.Whentheymappedtheyearsofpotentiallifelostforall

neighborhoodsacrossthestate,theysawgroupswithhighlikelihoodoflivingloage100inhigher

socioeconomicareasinurbancentersandsmalltownsacrossthestate.

Whilemoreresearchisneededloexpandupontheirfindings,tneresearcherssaidthestudy

findingscouldeventuallybeusedtocreatehealthiercommunitiesthatpromotelifetimeinolder

adults.

28.Whatisthepuiposeof(hestudy?

A.Tofindthelongest-livingpeople.

B.Todiscoverpeople'ssensitivitytodiseases.

C.Tolearnaboutthegenesoflonglifetime.

DToidentifytheexternalfactorsinlivinglong.

29.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?

A.Byexperiineniinginihelab.

B.Byconductingsomesurveys.

C.Byanalyzingthepreviousdata.

D.Bycomparingtheyoungandtheold.

30.Whichofthefollowingdisagreeswithlivingalonglife?

A.Goodgenes.B.Walkingoften.

C.Mixed-ageneighbors.D.Livingaloneremotely.

31.Whatcanbelearnedfromtlietext?

A.PeoplewithhighervaluesforYPLLaremorelikelytoreachage100.

B.PeoplewithlowervaluesforYPLLarcmorelikelytoreachage100.

C.Peoplewithhighersocioeconomicstatusarclesslikelytoreachage100.

D.Peoplewithlowersocioeconomicstatusaremorelikely(oreachage100.

【答案】28.D29.C30.D31.B

[分析:]

這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了影響老人長壽的外在因素。

【詳解】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“However,therewasablankinknowledgeasto

theexactenvironmentalandsocialfactors（因素）thatmakeforanenvironmentthatbestsupports

livingtoage100,whichanews:udyhelpedtoaddress.”可知，然而，關(guān)于什么樣的環(huán)境和社會(huì)

因素最有利于活到100歲，這方面的知識還存在一個(gè)空白，而一項(xiàng)新的研究幫助解決了這個(gè)

問題。所以這項(xiàng)研究的目的是要弄清楚影響長壽的外在因素。故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Researcherslookedatstate-provideddataaboutthedeathsof

nearly145,000Washingtonianswhodiedatage75orolderbetween2011and2015.“可知，研窕

人員杳看了州政府提供的2011年至2015年間.華盛頓州75歲以卜老人死亡人數(shù)近14.5萬

的數(shù)據(jù)。所以研究人員是通過分析了以前的數(shù)據(jù)得出結(jié)論。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中第二句"Inotherwords,whenyouliveinanenvironmentthat

supportshealthyaging,itlikelyaffectsyourabilitytosuccessfullybeatyourgenetic

disadvantagesthroughlifestylechanges.”（換句話說，當(dāng)你生活在一個(gè)有利于健康老齡化的環(huán)

境中，它可能會(huì)影響你通過改變生活方式成功戰(zhàn)勝基因缺陷的能力。）；第二段第二、三句

“Theyfoundthatneighborhoodwalkability,highersocioeconomicstatus,anda

highpercentageofworkingagepopulationwerepositivelyconnectedwithreachingage100.

Thesefindingsindicate（hatmixed-agecommunitiesarcverybeneficialforeveryone

involved.-（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，社區(qū)的步行能力、較高的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位和較高比例的工作年齡人口

與活到100歲呈正相關(guān)。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，混合年齡的社區(qū)對所有參與者都有好處。）可知，

影響長壽的因素除了內(nèi)在的遺傳基因外，外部的環(huán)境和社會(huì)因素如社區(qū)可步行性、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)

地位和社區(qū)工作人群的比例同樣對長壽有影響。選項(xiàng)D.“Livingaloneremotely.^^（獨(dú)居于偏

僻的房子里）不符合長壽的外部條件。故選D。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句"Neighborhoodswithlowervaluesforyearsofpotentiallife

lostwereconsideredtohaveahigherlikelihoodofreachingage10?！笨芍?，潛在壽命損失年數(shù)

較低的社區(qū)被認(rèn)為達(dá)到100歲的可能性較高。所以YPLL值較低的人更可能達(dá)到10（）歲。故

選B。

D

Now,chemistshavediscoverednewpotentialinabundantbuildingblocks:Throughaseriesof

reactions,scientistshaveshown（hatconventionalbrickscanbetransformedintoenergystorage

devicespowerfulenoughtoturnonLEDlights."Whatwehavedemonstratedinourpaperis

sufficientenoughforyoutolightupemergencylightingthat'sinahallwayorsensorsthatcouldbe

putinsidethewallsofahouse,'saidJulioM.D'Arcy,anassistantprofessorofchemistryat

WashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,Missouri,andoneofthestudy'sauthors."Thenextstepis

tryingtostoremoreenergy,sothatyoucanpowerbiggerdevices—likemaybealaplop-directly

fromthewallsofthehouse.M

“Brickshavebeenprizedbyarchitectsfortheircapacitytostoreheat,butusingthemtohold

electricityhasneverbeentriedbefore,"D'Arcysaid.Toallowthebrickstostoreelectricity,the

researcherspumpedaseriesofgasesinsidethebrick."Thegasesreactwiththebrick'schemical

components,coatingthemwithawebofplasticnanoflber（納米纖維）knownasaPEDOT.which

isagoodconductorofelectricity,"hesaid.ThoughPEDOTcanstorelargeamountsofenergy,（his

supercapacitor（超級電容器）cannotholdontothatchargeordeliversustainedenergyoverlong

periodsoftimelikebatteriescan."Abatterywillgiveyouenergydensitythatwillallowyoutodrive

300miles,butasupercapacitorwillallowyoutoaccelerateveryquicklyataredlight,"D'Arcy

said.

Still,sciemisisseepoieniialinihebricksasapossiblegreenenergysolution.Righinow,ihese

"smartbricks"cannotcompetewiththeenergystoragepotentialofthelithium-ion（鋰離子）

batteriesusedinmanysolarpowersystems.However,thereishopethatthisnewtechnologycould

bedevelopedtoprovideanewstoragemethodusingreadilyavailablematerials.

“Theperfbnnanceisalongwayshortofcustom-madesupercaDacitors,buttheprincipleis

provenandthereissignificantroomforimprovingthestoragecharacteristicsbyopiimizine（he

stnictureandchemistryofthebricks,“saidDanBrett,aprofessorofelectrochemicalengineeringat

UniversityCollegeLondon,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.

32.WhatwillthescientistsdoaboutthebricksnextaccordingtoM.D'Arcy?

A.Putthebricksintocommercialuse.

B.Referiheirpapertoacademicjournals.

C.Expandthebricks'abilityofstoringpower.

D.Developnewsmartlaptopwithpoweredbricks.

33.WhatcanweknowaboutPEDOT?

A.Itallowsbrickstotakeuplessspace.

B.Itcanprotectbrickswithapoweredcoat.

C.Ithelpsbricksstoreandconductelectricity.

D.Itcanmakethepoweredvehiclestravelfarther.

34.WhaidoesProfessorBretithinkofthesmartbricks?

A.Theyneedmuchmoredevelopment.

B.Theyaremoreenvironmentally-friendly.

C.Theywillbereleasedintothemarketsoon.

D.Theycanbemadeaccordingtoconsumers'requirements.

35.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"optimising"inthelastparagraph?

A.Makingthemostof.B.Tryingoutfor.

C.Breakingupwith.D.Breakingawayfrom.

【答案】32.C33.C34.A35.A

本文是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)家們已經(jīng)證明，傳統(tǒng)的磚塊可以轉(zhuǎn)化為能量存儲設(shè)備，其能量足以

打開LED燈。

【32題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句"Thenextstepistryingtostoremoreenergy,sothat

youcanpowerbiggerdevices-likemaybealaptop-directlyfromthewallsof（hehouse.”可知，

下一步是嘗試存儲更多的電能，這樣就可以直接從房子的墻壁紿更大的電器一比如筆記本電

腦一供電。因此，研究人員下一步要做的是提高磚塊的儲電能力。故選C。

【33題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句和第四句"Thegasesreactwiththebrick'schemical

components,coatingthemwithawebofplasticnaiiotlber（納米纖維）knownasaPEDOT.which

isagoodconductorofelectricity,"hesaid.ThoughPEDOTcanstorelargeamountsofenergy,this

supcrcapacitor（超級電容器）cannotholdonto（hatchargeordeliversustainedenergyoverlong

periodsoftimelikebatteriescai.M可知，這些氣體和磚塊內(nèi)的化學(xué)成分產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)，在磚上覆

蓋一層塑料納米纖維網(wǎng)（PEDOT）,這是一種良好的導(dǎo)電材料。雖然PEDOT可以儲存大量

的電能，但是這種超級電容器無法保持住電荷，也無法像電池那樣在很長時(shí)間之后還能投送

持續(xù)的電力。由此可知，PEDOT可以讓磚塊儲存和傳導(dǎo)電力。故選C。

【34題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theperformanceisalongwayshortofcustom-made

supercapaciiors,butiheprincipleisprovenandthereissignificantroomforimprovingthestorage

characteristicsbyoptimizingthestructureandchemistryofthebricks”可知，雖然目前它的表現(xiàn)

和客戶定制的超級電容器還有很大差距，但原理上是可行的。通過優(yōu)化磚塊的結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)成

分，它的存儲性能還有很大的改善空間。由此可知，DanBrett認(rèn)為這種智能磚塊還需要更

多的研究。故選A。

[35題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Theperformanceisalongwayshortofcustom-made

supercapacitors,butiheprincipleisprovenand（hereissignificantroomforimprovingthestorage

characteristics"可知，徜塊儲電在理論上是可行的，而且還有提升空間。那么在不改變其屬

性的情況下只能是“盡力優(yōu)化”其結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)成分才能提升其儲存特質(zhì)。劃線部分的意思應(yīng)

為“盡力優(yōu)化”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)“充分利用”可表達(dá)此意，故選A。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有

兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Yourchildconieshomefromschoolordaycarewithanotealertingyouioacaseofhand,fool

andmouthdisease.36Batyouareimmediatelyfloodedbytheseaofmedicalinformation

ontheInternet.Theproblemformostofusisd