2021-2022學(xué)年重慶市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期10月月考英語試題解析版（不含聽力音頻）

2021-2022學(xué)年重慶市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期10月月考英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題l.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Drivinglessons.B.Trafficrules.C.Studymethods.2.HowdidProfessorLeefindtheman’spaper?A.Itwasperfect.B.Itwasterrible.C.Itcouldbebetter.3.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thebeachisfullofpeople.B.Theweatherisbad.C.Theydon’ttakeablanket.4.Whereistheman’sbrotheratthemoment?A.Inapark.B.Atanairport.C.Atasupermarket.5.Whatdidthemandoyesterdayafternoon?A.HewentoutwithKen.B.HewatchedTV.C.Heplayedbaseball.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)話材料，回答第6和第7題兩個(gè)小題。6.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Attendingaparty.B.Lookingataphoto.C.Choosingahat.7.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Bossandemployee.C.Shopkeeperandcustomer.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8和第9兩個(gè)小題。8.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheislearningtodance.B.Shegoestothegymtwiceaweek.C.Sheenjoysrunningaroundincircles.9.Inwhichwaydoesthemanprefertodoexercise?A.Ridingtomusicindoors.B.Walkingslowly.C.Cyclingoutdoors.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10和第12三個(gè)小題。10.Whowerearguinglastnight?A.Thespeakers.B.Twoguys.C.Theirneighbors.11.Whendidthemanwakeup?A.At2:00am.B.At3:00am.C.At4:00am.12.Whatisthewoman’snewroutine?A.Havingacupofcoffeeeveryday.B.Drinkingsoybeanmilkeverymorning.C.Doingsomeexerciseeverymorning.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第13和第16四個(gè)小題。13.Howdoesthewomanusuallygotowork?A.Bybike.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.14.Whatwillhappenifthemanislateforwork?A.Thebosswillyellathim.B.Hewillbefined.C.Hewillworkovertime.15.Whydoesthewomanlikelivinginthecity?A.Therearemanyinterestingthingstodo.B.Itmakesiteasiertoworkfromhome.C.Herkidswillgetintogoodschools.16.Whatdothespeakershaveincommon?A.Theybothhavechildren.B.Theybothlikedriving.C.Theyarebothmarried.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第17和第20四個(gè)小題。17.Wherewouldthistalkbeheard?A.Inalecture.B.OnaTVprogram.C.Inadoctor’soffice.18.Howdomostpeopledealwithheadaches?A.Bytakingmedicine.B.Byrubbingthehead.C.Bysleeping.19.Whenshouldyouturntoadoctor?A.Ifyougetheadachesregularly.B.Ifyourheadacheiscausedbycertainsmells.C.Ifyougetaheadacheafterhurtingyourhead.20.Whatisthebestwaytorelieveanormalheadache?A.Havingarest.B.Takingashower.C.Drinkingsomewater.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APleasedonotfeednativeanimalsThenativeanimalsinthisparkhaveenoughnaturalfoodtosurvive.Youmightthinkthatyouarebeingkindtothenativebirdsandanimalsbygivingthemyourfood,butfeedingthemorleavingrubbisharoundthattheymighteatiscruel,notkind!Remember:Feedinganimalscanmakethemsickbecausesometimesourfoodcontainssomethingthatnativeanimalscannoteasilydigest.Theycanbecomeweakandmorelikelytocatchadisease.Whentheanimalsbecomeaccustomedtobeingfedbypeopleorfindingfoodinrubbish,theycaneasilylosetheabilitytohuntandfindfoodforthemselveswhentheyneedto.Animalsthatrelyonbeingfedbyhumansmaybecomeaggressive.Theygathernearareasofhighhumanactivitysuchascampsitesandwalkingtracks.Animalshavebeenknowntofightoverfoodandbotherpeopleinthearea.Feedinganimalscanencouragethemtolookforfoodinresidentialareasornearbyfarms,whichisdangerousforboththeanimalsandresidents.Pleasebeafriendtoournativebirdsandanimals.Takeyourremainingfoodandrubbishwithyou.FeedinganimalsisanoffenceunderBy-law457andcanresultina＄250fine.1.Whatharmdoesfeedinganimalscause?A.Itmaythreatentheirlives. B.Itmayweakentheirhuntingability.C.Itmaylimittheirfreedomandgrowth. D.Itmayleadtoenvironmentalpollution.2.Whatmightyoufaceifyoufeedanimals?A.Anoralwarning. B.Aneconomicloss.C.Acleanuppunishment. D.Abanonenteringthepark.3.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A.Aresearchpaper. B.Anonprofit’snotice.C.Atravelguide. D.Apark’sannouncement.【答案】1.B2.B3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇告示。提醒前來公園的游客不要投喂動(dòng)物，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)此違法行為會(huì)有罰款。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whentheanimalsbecomeaccustomedtobeingfedbypeopleorfindingfoodinrubbish,theycaneasilylosetheabilitytohuntandfindfoodforthemselveswhentheyneedto.（當(dāng)動(dòng)物習(xí)慣了人類的喂養(yǎng)或在垃圾中尋找食物時(shí)，它們很容易失去捕獵和為自己尋找食物的能力。）”可知，當(dāng)動(dòng)物習(xí)慣了被投喂，他們會(huì)逐漸喪失捕獵的能力。選項(xiàng)B符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“FeedinganimalsisanoffenceunderBy-law457andcanresultina＄250fine.（根據(jù)香港法例第457條，飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物屬違法，可被罰款250元。）”可知，投喂動(dòng)物屬于違法行為，將處以罰款。因此如果有人投喂了的動(dòng)物，那么他將面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰，選項(xiàng)B符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Pleasedonotfeednativeanimals.Thenativeanimalsinthisparkhaveenoughnaturalfoodtosurvive.（請(qǐng)不要投喂本地動(dòng)物，這個(gè)公園里的本地動(dòng)物有足夠的天然食物來生存。）”可知，此文是要求游客不要投喂在動(dòng)物園的動(dòng)物，因此本文的文體類型應(yīng)該是公園的公告。故選D項(xiàng)。BNeverhadIconsideredgoingtouniversitywhenIwasgrowingup.Iwasbornprematurelyasmymotherhadcancer.Sadly,shepassedawaysixmonthslater.Iwastheyoungestof12children.Growingup,wedidn’thavemuchbutwecouldmakedowithwhatwehad.Timesmayhavebeentough,butIdidn’tnoticeitmuch,becauseIjustlovedbeingwithmyfamily.Igotmarriedat23.Unfortunately,myhusbandpassedawaysevenyearslater.Asasinglemotheroffourchildren,Ihadmanydarkdaysandtimestostruggle.Duringtheirhighschoolyears,mychildrenwenttoworkafterschool,tohelpmepayschoolfeesandhouseholdbills.Itwasreallyhard,butnoneofthemcomplained.Myeldestson,Joshua,tookanapprenticeship(學(xué)徒工作)asabutcher.Hetoldmethatoncehewasfinished,heplannedongoingtouniversitytostudylaw.Thismademethinkaboutgoingbacktostudymyself.Atthetime,Iwasemployedasacommunityworker,andIfeltthatIneededtolearnmoreaboutsocialjusticeissues.IregisteredattheInstituteofKoorieEducationatDeakinMysonJoshuawasalreadystudyinglawwhenIstartedout.Wetalkedoftenandhecouldreallyhelpexplainthingstome.OnceJoshuagraduated,seeinghimbecomingalawyercontinuedtoprovidemewithencouragement.EventuallyIfinishedmydegreetoo.Eightyearslater,on27July2020,JoshuaadmittedmeintotheSupremeCourt.Thiswasaproudmomentformyself,Joshua,mychildrenandfamily.4.Howmighttheauthordescribeherchildhood?A.Peacefulandsecure. B.Toughandlonely.C.Poorbutloving. D.Colorfulbutunpleasant.5.Whatdidtheauthor’schildrendoduringhighschool?A.Theyworkedpart-timeasbutchers.B.Theycomplainedalotabouttheirlife.C.Theyassistedhertolightentheirheavyburden.D.Theyhelpedeachotherwithschoolwork.6.HowdidtheauthorreacttoAndy’squestion?A.Shegaveapositivereplytohim.B.Shepaidnoattentiontoit.C.SheconsultedJoshuaaboutit.D.Sheconveyedherappreciationtohim.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sstory?A.Knowledgeispower.B.Persistenceproducesmiracles.C.Self-confidenceshouldcomefirstontheroadtosuccess.D.Familysupportanddeterminationhelponeachieveagoal.【答案】4.C5.C6.A7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者命運(yùn)多舛，年幼家貧，中年喪夫，獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)四個(gè)孩子長(zhǎng)大，但她憑借著家人的支持和堅(jiān)定不移的決心，順利從法律專業(yè)畢業(yè)。4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)兩句“Growingup,wedidn’thavemuchbutwecouldmakedowithwhatwehad.Timesmayhavebeentough,butIdidn’tnoticeitmuch,becauseIjustlovedbeingwithmyfamily.(成長(zhǎng)過程中，我們家境貧寒，但我們可以湊合著生活。日子可能是艱難的，但我沒有注意太多，因?yàn)槲抑皇窍矚g和我的家人在一起)”可知，雖然作者小時(shí)候家里貧窮但是家里人都很有愛，因此作者描述的童年是貧苦和充滿愛的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Duringtheirhighschoolyears,mychildrenwenttoworkafterschool,tohelpmepayschoolfeesandhouseholdbills.(在他們的高中時(shí)代，我的孩子們放學(xué)后去打工，幫我支付學(xué)費(fèi)和家庭費(fèi)用。)”可知，孩子們?cè)诟咧袝r(shí)期放學(xué)后打工幫助媽媽減輕負(fù)擔(dān)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的第三句“Beingasinglemotherandraisingfourchildrenbymyselfishard,andifIcandothat,IknowIcandoalawdegree,(作為一個(gè)單身母親并獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)四個(gè)孩子是很艱難的，如果我能做到這一點(diǎn)，我知道我可以拿到一個(gè)法律學(xué)位)”可知，作者回答好友說，她認(rèn)為獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)四個(gè)孩子這么難的事情都能做好，那么拿學(xué)位也沒什么問題。由此推知，作者針對(duì)好友Andy關(guān)于拿學(xué)位很難的提醒給予了正能量的回答，她覺得自己可以做到。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Timesmayhavebeentough,butIdidn’tnoticeitmuch,becauseIjustlovedbeingwithmyfamily.(日子可能是艱難的，但我沒有注意太多，因?yàn)槲抑皇窍矚g和我的家人在一起)”可知，作者幼時(shí)家貧，但是家很有愛，家人相互支持。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Itwasreallyhard,butnoneofthemcomplained.(這真的很難，但沒有一個(gè)人抱怨)”可知，作者婚后丈夫離世，孩子們和媽媽一起支撐這個(gè)家。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Mychildrenwerehappyforme,butitwasdifficultforthembecausesometimesIhadtospendtwoweeksawayfromhomeatatimetostudy.(我的孩子們?yōu)槲腋械礁吲d，但這對(duì)他們來說很困難，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)我不得不一次離開家兩個(gè)星期去學(xué)習(xí))”可知，作者下定決定心讀書拿學(xué)位，這過程非常困難，但是孩子們都支持媽媽。由此可知，作者從小到大的故事告訴我們——她一路走來離不開家人的支持和堅(jiān)定的決心。故選D項(xiàng)。CSincethe1990s,scientistshaveunderstoodthatmissingsleepcanharmsomeone’shealth.YetalittlemorethanoneineverythreeU.S.adultsreportedsleepingfewerthantherecommendedsevenhoursanight.Weekendsmayseemlikeagreattimetocatchuponsleep.Scientists,however,werenotsurethatitwouldwork.SoChristopherDepner,asleepphysiologistattheUniversityofTheteamlookedatthreegroupsofpeopleintheirmid-20s.Forroughlytwoweeks,onegroupsleptabouteighthourseverynight.Anothergrouponlygotaboutfivehoursofshuteyeanight.Thethirdgroupsleptsomefivehourseachweeknight,butcouldsleepwheneverandhowevermuchtheywantedovertheweekend.Participantswhogottoolittlesleepeverynightgainedweight.Sodidtheweekendsleep-incrowd.Bytheendoftheexperiment,peopleinbothgroupshadgainanaverageof1.5kilograms.Depnersaysthiscouldbebecauselosingsleepaffectshormones(激素)thatcontrolhunger.Sinceweekend-catch-upsleepersbothwokeuplaterandwenttobedlater,theyshiftedtheirbody’sinternalclocks,asaresultofwhich,theymayhavegottenhungrylater.Duringtheworkweeks,bothgroupsateroughly400to650caloriesinlate-nightsnacks.Butthegroupsweredifferentwhenitcametoinsulin(胰島素)sensitivity—ifapersonishighlysensitivetothishormone,hismetabolism(新陳代謝)ishealthy.Afteraweekendofplayingcatchuponsleep,thosewhohadslepttoolittleonweeknightsshowedsignificantdropsininsulinsensitivityintheirliverandmusclecells.Neitheroftheothertwogroupsrespondedthisway.PeterLiu,adoctorwhostudiedhormonesattheUniversityof8.Basedonwhatweretheparticipantsdividedintothreegroups?A.Theirlivinghabits. B.Theirreasonsofsleeploss.C.Theirstateofhealth. D.Theirsleepschedule.9.WhatdidDepner’sstudyfind?A.Sleeplosscanleadtoalowmetabolicrate.B.Sleeptimeisdeterminedbythebodyclock.C.Lackofsleepcanmakepeoplegetfatterthanbefore.D.Catchinguponsleepontheweekendisbeneficialforthehealth.10.WhosuffergreatlyintermsofinsulinsensitivityaccordingtoDepner’sstudy?A.Thosehavingtroublesleeping. B.Weekend-catch-upsleepers.C.Thosegettingtoolittlesleep. D.Late-nightsleepers.11.WhatisPeterLiu’sattitudetoDepner’sstudyresults?A.Doubtful. B.Favorable.C.Uncaring. D.Supportive.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了睡眠生理學(xué)家ChristopherDepner關(guān)于周末補(bǔ)覺問題的實(shí)驗(yàn)過程和結(jié)果。實(shí)驗(yàn)按照睡覺時(shí)長(zhǎng)分為三個(gè)對(duì)比組，缺覺的小組人員在實(shí)驗(yàn)過后體重都有所增加，周末補(bǔ)覺小組人員胰島素敏感性出現(xiàn)了明顯的下降。PeterLiu對(duì)其實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論提出了質(zhì)疑。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theteamlookedatthreegroupsofpeopleintheirmid-20s.Forroughlytwoweeks,onegroupsleptabouteighthourseverynight.Anothergrouponlygotaboutfivehoursofshuteyeanight.Thethirdgroupsleptsomefivehourseachweeknight,butcouldsleepwheneverandhowevermuchtheywantedovertheweekend.(研究小組觀察了三組25歲左右的人。在大約兩周的時(shí)間里，其中一組每晚睡大約8小時(shí)。另一組每晚只睡5個(gè)小時(shí)。第三組每個(gè)工作日晚上睡5個(gè)小時(shí)，但在周末可以隨時(shí)睡覺，想睡多久就睡多久)”可知，三個(gè)小組的劃分是按照不同的睡眠時(shí)長(zhǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第二、三句“Bytheendoftheexperiment,peopleinbothgroupshadgainanaverageof1.5kilograms.Depnersaysthiscouldbebecauselosingsleepaffectshormones(激素)thatcontrolhunger.(在實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí)，兩組人的體重平均都增加了1.5公斤。德普納說，這可能是因?yàn)樗卟蛔銜?huì)影響控制饑餓的荷爾蒙)”可知，Depner的研究結(jié)果表明：睡眠不足的兩組人員在實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后體重都有所增加。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的最后兩句“Afteraweekendofplayingcatchuponsleep,thosewhohadslepttoolittleonweeknightsshowedsignificantdropsininsulinsensitivityintheirliverandmusclecells.Neitheroftheothertwogroupsrespondedthisway.(經(jīng)過一個(gè)周末的補(bǔ)覺，那些在工作日晚上睡得太少的人的肝臟和肌肉細(xì)胞的胰島素敏感性明顯下降。其他兩組都沒有這樣的反應(yīng))”可知，根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，在三組人中胰島素敏感性變化最大的是周末補(bǔ)覺的那一組。故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二、三句“Yethefoundthatafewextrahoursofsleepimprovedtheirinsulinsensitivity.Sothelateststudy,hecautions,“isnotthefinalwordonthisimportanttopic.”(他發(fā)現(xiàn)多睡幾個(gè)小時(shí)可以提高他們的胰島素敏感性。因此，他提醒說，最新的研究“并不是這個(gè)重要課題的最終結(jié)論?！?”可知，PeterLiu提出了質(zhì)疑，認(rèn)為Depner的研究不能給這一課題最終定論。由此推知，PeterLiu對(duì)于Depner的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果是抱有質(zhì)疑態(tài)度的。故選A項(xiàng)。DWhenitcomestokeepingbuildingsenergyefficient,windowscertainlyposeachallenge.ItwaswiththisprobleminmindthataBritishscientisthascreatedanewtypeofwindow—onethat’sfilledwithwater.Intermsofconventionalwindows,mostofthemallowheattoescapeduringcoldweather,causingthebuilding’sboilertorunmorefrequently.Besides,theyallowsunlighttostreaminduringhotweather,creatingheatthatcausestheairconditioningtokickin.Dr.MatyasGutai,alecturerinarchitectureatLoughboroughEachwindowcontainsaverticalsheetofwater,sealedbetweentwosheetsofglass.Assunlightpassesthroughtheglass,itheatsthewater,thuskeepingtheroomitselffromgettingashotasitwouldotherwise.Onceitreachesahighenoughtemperature,thatsun-warmedwaterispumpedoutofthewindow,travelingthroughpipesinthewalltoastoragetankelsewhereinthebuilding.Coolerwaterissimultaneously(同時(shí)地)pumpedintotheWFGtoreplacewhatwaspumpedout.Whentheoutdoortemperaturedropslateron,thestoredwarmwaterispumpedbackoutofthetankandintothepipes,warmingtheroombyradiatingheatthroughthewalls.Alternatively,itcanalsobeusedinthebuilding’staps,reducingtheneedtorunthewaterheater.Althoughsomeelectricityisrequiredtopumpthewaterbackandforth,Gutaiclaimsthathissetupstillusessubstantiallylesselectricitythantheheatingsystemandairconditionersthatwouldberequiredtomaintainthesameroomtemperaturesunderthesamecondition.Infact,itisestimatedthataWFG-equippedbuildingwoulduseupto72percentlessenergythatasimilarbuildingequippedwithdouble-glasswindowsandtraditionalheatingsystems.“WFGturnsglassintoanopportunityforsustainableconstruction.Itshowsusthatthinkingholistically(整體地)andbuildingcomponentsleadstoamoreefficientandsustainablebuildenvironment,”saysGutai.12.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.ThecreationofWFGwindows.B.ThefunctionsofWFGwindows.C.Theadvantagesofnewly-createdwindows.D.Thedisadvantagesoftraditionalwindows.13.HowdoesWFGreacttocoldweather?A.Itstoressun-warmedwaterinatank.B.Itpumpswaterouttopreventitfreezing.C.Itpumpssun-warmedwaterfromastoragetank.D.Itpreventscoldwatertravellingthroughpipes.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3referto?A.Warmwaterinthetank. B.Coolwaterinthepipes.C.Waterinthewaterheater. D.Waterinthesealedglass.15.WhatadvantagedoesWFGhaveovertheheatingandcoolingsystem?A.Itcostslesstosetup. B.Itismorepower-saving.C.Itiseasiertooperate. D.Itissteadierinkeepingtemperature.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了新型玻璃WFG的工作原理。WFG突破了傳統(tǒng)窗戶隔熱和保暖效果差的缺陷而且更節(jié)省能源?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句“Intermsofconventionalwindows,mostofthemallowheattoescapeduringcoldweather,causingthebuilding’sboilertorunmorefrequently.Besides,theyallowsunlighttostreaminduringhotweather,creatingheatthatcausestheairconditioningtokickin.（在傳統(tǒng)的窗戶方面，大多數(shù)窗戶在寒冷的天氣里允許熱量釋放，導(dǎo)致建筑的鍋爐更頻繁地運(yùn)行。此外，它們還能讓陽光在炎熱的天氣照射進(jìn)來，產(chǎn)生熱量，導(dǎo)致空調(diào)啟動(dòng)。）”可知，主要說明傳統(tǒng)窗戶在寒冷的天氣沒辦法保暖，在炎熱的天氣中無法隔熱。再者第二段最后一句“Dr.MatyasGutai,alecturerinarchitectureatLoughboroughUniversity,believesthathis“water-filledglass(WFG)”windowsmayaddresstheselimitations.（拉夫堡大學(xué)建筑學(xué)講師MatyasGutai博士認(rèn)為他的“裝滿水的玻璃(WFG)”窗戶可以解決這些限制。）”可知，此句總結(jié)上文，提出WFG可以解決傳統(tǒng)窗戶使用中產(chǎn)生的問題，因此本段主要介紹了傳統(tǒng)窗戶的缺陷，故填【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Whentheoutdoortemperaturedropslateron,thestoredwarmwaterispumpedbackoutofthetankandintothepipes,warmingtheroombyradiatingheatthroughthewalls.（當(dāng)室外溫度稍后下降時(shí)，儲(chǔ)存的溫水被抽回水箱并進(jìn)入管道，通過墻壁輻射熱量來加熱房間。）”可知，WFG應(yīng)對(duì)室外氣溫下降的方法是將儲(chǔ)存的溫水泵出來加熱房間。再者，根據(jù)第三段第三句“Onceitreachesahighenoughtemperature,thatsun-warmedwaterispumpedoutofthewindow,travelingthroughpipesinthewalltoastoragetankelsewhereinthebuilding.（一旦達(dá)到足夠高的溫度，陽光加熱的水就會(huì)被泵出窗戶，通過墻上的管道輸送到建筑其他地方的一個(gè)儲(chǔ)水罐中。）”可知，儲(chǔ)水罐中的水是通過太陽加熱的。因此WFG應(yīng)對(duì)寒冷天氣的方式是從儲(chǔ)存罐中泵出熱水來加熱房屋，選項(xiàng)C符合文意，故填C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)兩句“Whentheoutdoortemperaturedropslateron,thestoredwarmwaterispumpedbackoutofthetankandintothepipes,warmingtheroombyradiatingheatthroughthewalls.Alternatively,itcanalsobeusedinthebuilding’staps,reducingtheneedtorunthewaterheater.（當(dāng)室外溫度稍后下降時(shí)，儲(chǔ)存的溫水被抽回水箱并進(jìn)入管道，通過墻壁輻射熱量來加熱房間。另外，它也可以用于建筑的水龍頭，減少了運(yùn)行熱水器的需要。）”可知，it指代的是上文提到的thestoredwarmwater，因此選項(xiàng)A中儲(chǔ)水罐里的熱水符合文意，故填A(yù)項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Althoughsomeelectricityisrequiredtopumpthewaterbackandforth,Gutaiclaimsthathissetupstillusessubstantiallylesselectricitythantheheatingsystemandairconditionersthatwouldberequiredtomaintainthesameroomtemperaturesunderthesamecondition.（盡管需要一些電力來泵水，Gutai說他的裝置仍然比供暖系統(tǒng)和空調(diào)使用的電力要少得多，而在相同的條件下，保持相同的室溫需要供暖系統(tǒng)和空調(diào)。）”可知，在相同條件下，WFG比供暖和制冷系統(tǒng)更省電。因此WFG比起傳統(tǒng)的供暖和制冷系統(tǒng)更節(jié)省能源，故填B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtofightyourbadbreathMorethan80millionpeoplesufferfrombadbreath,accordingtotheAcademyofGeneralDentistry,aprofessionalassociationofdentistsfromCanadaandtheUnitedStates.___16___,themostcommonreasonispoororalhygiene(衛(wèi)生).Herearesomewaystofightbadbreathandbringotherstalkingtoyouamorepleasantexperience.___17___.Onionsandgarlicaddflavortomanyfoods,buttheyalsoaddodors(臭味)noteasilybrushedaway.Thesubstancesthatcausetheirbadsmellsmaketheirwayintoyourbloodstreamandtraveltoyourlungs,whereyoubreathethemout.Thebestwaytoavoidtheproblemistoavoidsuchfoods.Avoiddrymouth.Saliva(唾液)isthekeythinginyourmouththathelpskeeptheodorundercontrolbecauseithelpswashawaybacteria.___18___,trydrinkingwaterorchewingsugarlessgum.Brushandfloss(用牙線清潔).Oralhygieneexpertsrecommendyoubrushyourteethatleasttwiceadayandflossatleastoncetoreduceplaque(牙斑).Thestickybuilduponyourteethcollectsbacteriathatcausebadbreath,andtrappedfoodaddstotheproblem.___19___,theexpertswarn.Ifyoubrushtoohardyoucanweardownyourteeth.Brushyourtongue___20___.Toridyourtongueofodor-causingbacteria,remembertobrushitwhenyoucleanyourteeth.Ifyourtoothbrushistoobigtoreachthebackofyourtongue,buyascraper,whichisdesignedspecificallytoapplyevenpressureacrossthesurfaceofthetonguearea.Thisremovesbacteriaanddeadcellsthatbrushingalonecan’ttakecareof.A.AvoidcertainfoodsB.Don’toverdothings,thoughC.Ifyouaren’tproducingmuchsalivaD.Bacteriadon’tjustliveonyourteethE.BrushyourteethafteryoueatthesefoodsF.AlthoughbadbreathcanhappenbecauseofmedicalreasonsG.Ifyourbadbreathisthoughttobecausedbyapotentialhealthcondition【答案】16.F17.A18.C19.B20.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了如何避免口臭的方法：避免吃一些食物、避免嘴干、刷牙并用牙線清潔、刷舌頭。【16題詳解】上文“Morethan80millionpeoplesufferfrombadbreath,accordingtotheAcademyofGeneralDentistry,aprofessionalassociationofdentistsfromCanadaandtheUnitedStates.（根據(jù)加拿大和美國牙醫(yī)專業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)——普通牙科學(xué)會(huì)(AcademyofGeneralDentistry)的數(shù)據(jù)，有超過8000萬人患有口臭。）”說明口臭是一個(gè)很普遍的問題。下文逗號(hào)后面“themostcommonreasonispoor...（口臭的普遍原因是······）”說明了口臭的普遍原因。F項(xiàng)“Althoughbadbreathcanhappenbecauseofmedicalreasons（雖然口腔異味可能是由于醫(yī)學(xué)原因造成的）”說明了不常見的原因，形成了邏輯轉(zhuǎn)折，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Herearesomewaystofightbadbreathandbringotherstalkingtoyouamorepleasantexperience.（這里有一些對(duì)付口臭的方法，可以給別人帶來更愉快的談話體驗(yàn)。）”總領(lǐng)下文，說明下文要講述對(duì)付口臭的方法。根據(jù)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是第二段的小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本段第一句“Onionsandgarlicaddflavortomanyfoods,buttheyalsoaddodorsnoteasilybrushedaway.（洋蔥和大蒜讓許多食物更有味，但是他們也添加了不容易刷掉的氣味。）”說明了洋蔥和大蒜是造成口臭的一大原因，因此避免食用引起口臭的食材是對(duì)付口臭的一種辦法。A項(xiàng)中的避免一些事物與之對(duì)應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】上文“Avoiddrymouth.Salivaisthekeythinginyourmouththathelpskeeptheodorundercontrolbecauseithelpswashawaybacteria.（避免干燥的口腔。唾液是口腔中控制氣味的關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)樗兄谇逑醇?xì)菌。）”說明對(duì)付口臭的第二個(gè)辦法是唾液，因此分泌足夠量的唾液可以避免口臭。下文“...,trydrinkingwaterorchewingsugarlessgum.（試著喝水或嚼無糖口香糖。）”是提高唾液量的方法，選項(xiàng)C是說明了如果沒有足夠的唾液應(yīng)該怎么辦，承接下文。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“...,theexpertswarn.Ifyoubrushtoohardyoucanweardownyourteeth.（……專家警告。如果你刷牙太用力，會(huì)磨損你的牙齒。）”可知，牙醫(yī)給出了提醒，刷牙不能過度，brushtoohard具體解釋了B項(xiàng)中不能過度做的事情，形成了同義替換。故選B。【20題詳解】此部分小標(biāo)題是“Brushyourtongue.（刷舌頭）”且上一個(gè)小標(biāo)題是“Brushandfloss(用牙線清潔).”說明上文提到刷牙，本段提到要刷舌頭，下文“Toridyourtongueofodor-causingbacteria,remembertobrushitwhenyoucleanyourteeth.（為了清除舌頭上的異味細(xì)菌，記得在刷牙的時(shí)候刷舌頭。）”說明舌頭上的細(xì)菌也會(huì)引起口臭。D項(xiàng)中的“細(xì)菌可不僅僅生活在牙齒上”形成了邏輯對(duì)應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AsateenagergrowingupinasmalltowninOregoninthe1950s,Ihadnowishtofinishhighschool.Mybiggest___21___inlifewastobeacartoonist.Myhero,WaltDisney,hadnever___22___highschool,andIfeltthatifhecoulddropoutand___23___,socouldI.Butmymotherwouldneverhearofit,soI___24___togoonwithmyschoollife.InmysecondyearofhighschoolIbegantosellcartoonstoasmallmagazineinCalifornia.Inmylettertotheeditor,Imentionedmy___25___todropoutofhighschoolandgointo___26___full-time.Hewrotebackurging(力勸)meto___27___school.Tomakehimbelieveme,ItoldhimabouthowWaltDisneyhad___28___.Afewweekslater,Igotamailfromthemagazine.Iwasquite___29___toseeoneletteraddressedtomefromWaltDisneystudios.They____30____methattheeditorhadcontactedthemandexplainedtothemmy____31____aboutfinishinghighschool.They____32____meverystronglytostayinhighschool,pointingoutthatthey____33____consideredapplicantswithoutahighschooleducation.Itdiscouragedme,____34____ittaughtmetwothings:IwasnoWaltDisney,andtimeshad____35____.Ifinishedhighschool,andwentonfortwoyearsofcollege.YearslaterIworkedforWaltDisneystudios.21.A.joke B.secret C.dream D.mistake22.A.left B.entered C.taught D.finished23.A.win B.succeed C.wait D.survive24.A.asked B.refused C.continued D.agreed25.A.answer B.wish C.chance D.problem26.A.cartooning B.editing C.writing D.teaching27.A.start B.hate C.giveup D.stayin28.A.takenout B.lookedout C.reachedout D.droppedout29.A.worried B.satisfied C.surprised D.frightened30A.warned B.told C.promised D.reminded31.A.attitude B.nervousness C.shame D.belief32.A.forced B.advised C.allowed D.warned33.A.still B.sometimes C.often D.never34.A.but B.if C.or D.so35.A.rushed B.flown C.changed D.gone【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.C25.B26.A27.D28.D29.C30.B31.A32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者想要成為一名漫畫家，并且想要效仿沃爾特·迪斯尼輟學(xué)從事漫畫創(chuàng)作。一位雜志社的編輯知道作者的想法后，力勸作者不要放棄學(xué)業(yè)并且聯(lián)系迪士尼工作室寫信建議作者不要放棄學(xué)業(yè)，迪士尼工作室指出他們從不考慮沒有高中學(xué)歷的申請(qǐng)人。作者最終接受了他們的建議，并且實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢(mèng)想。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我人生最大的夢(mèng)想是成為一名漫畫家。A.joke笑話；B.secret秘密；C.dream夢(mèng)想；D.mistake錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)“tobeacartoonist”可知，成為一名漫畫家是作者的夢(mèng)想。故選C項(xiàng)。22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的偶像沃爾特·迪斯尼高中都沒畢業(yè)，我覺得如果他能輟學(xué)并取得成功，我也能。A.left離開；B.entered進(jìn)入；C.taught教；D.finished完成。根據(jù)“hecoulddropout”可知，此處指沃爾特·迪斯尼沒有完成高中學(xué)業(yè)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的偶像沃爾特·迪斯尼高中都沒畢業(yè)，我覺得如果他能輟學(xué)并取得成功，我也能。A.win贏得；B.succeed成功；C.wait等待；D.survive幸存。根據(jù)語境和常識(shí)可知，沃爾特·迪斯尼雖然輟學(xué)，但是取得了成功。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是我的母親從來沒有聽說過，所以我得繼續(xù)我的學(xué)校生活。A.asked問；B.refused拒絕；C.continued繼續(xù)；D.agreed同意。根據(jù)“Butmymotherwouldneverhearofit”可知，作者的母親沒有聽說過輟學(xué)之后獲得成功的例子，所以可以推斷，她不同意作者輟學(xué)成為漫畫家的想法，作者只能繼續(xù)上學(xué)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在給編輯的信中，我提到我想從高中退學(xué)，全職從事漫畫創(chuàng)作。A.answer回答；B.wish希望；C.chance機(jī)會(huì)；D.problem問題。根據(jù)語境和“todropoutofhighschoolandgointo___6___full-time”可知，作者想成為漫畫家，所以退學(xué)從事漫畫工作是作者的愿望。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在給編輯的信中，我提到我想從高中退學(xué)，全職從事漫畫創(chuàng)作。A.cartooning給……畫漫畫；B.editing編輯；C.writing寫；D.teaching教。根據(jù)“beacartoonist”可知，作者想成為漫畫家，所以此處指作者想全職從事漫畫創(chuàng)作。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：他回信勸我留在學(xué)校。A.start開始；B.hate討厭；C.giveup放棄；D.stayin呆在。根據(jù)上文語境和“Hewrotebackurging(力勸)me”可知，此處指報(bào)社的編輯勸作者不要輟學(xué)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作漫畫，而是留在學(xué)校繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：為了讓他相信我，我告訴他沃爾特·迪斯尼是如何輟學(xué)的。A.takenout取出；B.lookedout注意；C.reachedout伸出；D.droppedout輟學(xué)。根據(jù)“WaltDisney,hadnever___2___highschool,andIfeltthatifhecoulddropout”可知，此處指作者告訴編輯沃爾特·迪斯尼輟學(xué)搞漫畫創(chuàng)作的事。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我看到一封沃爾特·迪士尼工作室寄給我的信時(shí)，我感到非常驚訝。A.worried擔(dān)心的；B.satisfied滿意的；C.surprised吃驚的；D.frightened害怕的。根據(jù)“Myhero,WaltDisney”和常識(shí)可知，沃爾特·迪士尼是作者的偶像，所以當(dāng)收到沃爾特·迪士尼工作室寄來的信時(shí)，作者應(yīng)該是感到驚喜的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們告訴我，編輯聯(lián)系了他們，并向他們說了我對(duì)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)的態(tài)度。A.warned警告；B.told告訴；C.promised許諾；D.reminded提醒。根據(jù)“thattheeditorhadcontactedthemandexplainedtothemmy___11___aboutfinishinghighschool”可知，that后面是迪士尼工作室寫信告訴作者的內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們告訴我，編輯聯(lián)系了他們，并向他們說了我對(duì)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)的態(tài)度。A.attitude態(tài)度；B.nervousness緊張；C.shame羞愧；D.belief信念。根據(jù)“Imentionedmy___5___todropoutofhighschoolandgointo___6___full-time”可知，作者告訴過編輯自己不想繼續(xù)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)。所以此處指他們知道了作者的態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們強(qiáng)烈建議我繼續(xù)讀高中，指出他們從不考慮沒有高中學(xué)歷的申請(qǐng)人。A.forced強(qiáng)迫；B.advised建議；C.allowed允許；D.warned警告。根據(jù)“meverystronglytostayinhighschool”可知，他們建議作者繼續(xù)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他們強(qiáng)烈建議我繼續(xù)讀高中，指出他們從不考慮沒有高中學(xué)歷的申請(qǐng)人。A.still仍然；B.sometimes有時(shí)；C.often通常；D.never從來不。根據(jù)“verystronglytostayinhighschool,…consideredapplicantswithoutahighschooleducation”可知，他們強(qiáng)烈建議作者待在學(xué)校，所以應(yīng)該是不考慮沒有高中學(xué)歷的年輕人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓我很沮喪，但它教會(huì)了我兩件事：我不是沃爾特·迪士尼，時(shí)代已經(jīng)變了。A.but但是；B.if如果；C.or或者；D.so因此。根據(jù)“Itdiscouragedme,___14___ittaughtmetwothings”可知，空處前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以用連詞but。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓我很沮喪，但它教會(huì)了我兩件事：我不是沃爾特·迪士尼，時(shí)代已經(jīng)變了。A.rushed沖；B.flown流動(dòng)；C.changed改變；D.gone離開。根據(jù)“IwasnoWaltDisney,andtimeshad___15___.”可知，此處表明作者意識(shí)到時(shí)代已經(jīng)變了，就算重走前面成功者的路，也不一定成功。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或者括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theworld’slargesticeberg(冰山)couldhitSouthGeorgiaIsland,causing____36____highrisktothewildlifethatcallsithome.Theiceberg,____37____(name)A68a,isnowapproachingSouthGeorgiaIsland.There’sa____38____(possible)thatitcouldgrounditselfontheisland.Thenormalfood-seekingroute