2024-2025學(xué)年湖南省郴州市聯(lián)考高二下學(xué)期3月月考英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試題PAGEPAGE1湖南省郴州市聯(lián)考2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期3月月考英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHaveyoueverthoughtofbeingvolunteersinallkindsofartdesignactivitiesforcelebratoryscenes?Haveyoueverwonderedwhatit’sliketobeinanartanddesignschool?ThenhowaboutjoininginCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts(CCA)’Pre-CollegeProgram?Thisisyourtimetogrowasanindividualandtakeyourcreativitytothenextlevel.AtCCA’sPre-CollegeProgram,you’lljoinadifferentgroupofcreativethinkersandmakerswhosharetheirpassionforartanddesign.In-Person:YourstudyplacewillbetheCCASanFranciscoschool,whichislocatedintheSanFranciscoBayArea,hometowell-knownbrands,techcompaniesandworld-classmuseums,andanactiveenvironmentforartists,designers,andcreatorsfromacrosstheglobe.OnlineOfferings:Thecoursesallbeginat9inthemorningfromMondaytoFriday,June27―July29.Qualification:Theprogramisdesignedforstudentswhowillhavejustcompletedtheirsenioryearofhighschoolbysummer2025.Studentsmustbeatleast15byJuly2025andnotolderthan18toattend.ColorfulActivities:Someeveningandweekendactivitiessuchaslifedrawinglessons,lectures,andmanyworkshopsenhancethewholeprogramexperience.Someactivitieswillbeprovidedtostudentstwoweeksbeforetheprogrambegins.Teachers:CCA’sPre-Collegeteachersarewonderfulandhighlysuccessfulartists,designers,andwriterswhoareinterestedinsharingtheirprofessionalexpertise,deepunderstandingandexperienceswiththenextgenerationofcreativelearners.Mostteachatthecollege-level.HopeyouhaveanunforgettableexperiencebyjoiningCCA’sPre-CollegeProgramandmayyouhavesuccessfulvolunteerexperiences!Formoreinformation,pleasevisitourwebsite:https://www.teenink.com.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheCCASanFranciscoschool?A.Itcooperateswithworld-classmuseums.B.Itislocatedinahighlydevelopedregion.C.Itsteachersarehighlysuccessfulprofessionals.D.Itishometofamousbrandsandtechcompanies.2.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutCCA’sPre-CollegeProgram?A.Participantsmustbe15-year-oldhighschoolgraduates.B.Volunteersmayengageinartdesignactivitiesforfestiveoccasions.C.Theprogramaimstopreparestudentsforcollegeentranceexams.D.Alleveningandweekendactivitieswillbeprovidedaftertheprogrambegins.3.What’stheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A.TointroduceCCA’sPre-Collegecourses. B.TodescribeSanFrancisco’sculturalscenes.C.TopromoteCCA’sPre-CollegeProgram. D.Tocompareonlineandin-personlearning.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了加州藝術(shù)學(xué)院（CCA）的預(yù)科項(xiàng)目，包括其特色、課程安排及參與資格等信息.【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段In-Person部分中“YourstudyplacewillbetheCCASanFranciscoschool,whichislocatedintheSanFranciscoBayArea,hometowell-knownbrands,techcompaniesandworld-classmuseums,andanactiveenvironmentforartists,designers,andcreatorsfromacrosstheglobe.(你的學(xué)習(xí)地點(diǎn)將是位于舊金山灣區(qū)的加州藝術(shù)學(xué)院舊金山分校。舊金山灣區(qū)是知名品牌、科技公司和世界級(jí)博物館的所在地，同時(shí)也為來自全球的藝術(shù)家、設(shè)計(jì)師和創(chuàng)作者提供了充滿活力的環(huán)境)”可知，加州藝術(shù)學(xué)院舊金山分校位于一個(gè)高度發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Haveyoueverthoughtofbeingvolunteersinallkindsofartdesignactivitiesforcelebratoryscenes?Haveyoueverwonderedwhatit’sliketobeinanartanddesignschool?ThenhowaboutjoininginCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts(CCA)’Pre-CollegeProgram?(你是否曾想過在各類用于慶?；顒?dòng)場(chǎng)景的藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)中擔(dān)任志愿者呢？你是否曾好奇在一所藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)校里學(xué)習(xí)是怎樣一番體驗(yàn)?zāi)?？那么，參加加州藝術(shù)學(xué)院（CCA）的大學(xué)預(yù)科課程怎么樣呢？)”以及第二段“AtCCA’sPre-CollegeProgram,you’lljoinadifferentgroupofcreativethinkersandmakerswhosharetheirpassionforartanddesign.(在加州藝術(shù)學(xué)院的大學(xué)預(yù)科課程中，你將加入一群與眾不同的創(chuàng)意思想家和創(chuàng)作者的行列，他們都對(duì)藝術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)滿懷熱忱)”可知，在加州藝術(shù)學(xué)院預(yù)科項(xiàng)目中，志愿者可以參與慶祝場(chǎng)合的藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段中“ThenhowaboutjoininginCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts(CCA)’Pre-CollegeProgram?Thisisyourtimetogrowasanindividualandtakeyourcreativitytothenextlevel.(那么，參加加州藝術(shù)學(xué)院（CCA）的大學(xué)預(yù)科課程怎么樣呢？這是你實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人成長并將創(chuàng)造力提升到新高度的好時(shí)機(jī))”以及倒數(shù)第二段“HopeyouhaveanunforgettableexperiencebyjoiningCCA’sPre-CollegeProgramandmayyouhavesuccessfulvolunteerexperiences!(希望你通過參加加州藝術(shù)學(xué)院的大學(xué)預(yù)科課程獲得難忘的體驗(yàn)，也愿你擁有成功的志愿者經(jīng)歷)”可知，文章主要介紹了加州藝術(shù)學(xué)院預(yù)科課程項(xiàng)目，包括課程形式、資格要求、活動(dòng)安排等，由此推斷，文章的目的是宣傳該項(xiàng)目，鼓勵(lì)人們參加。故選C。B“TheAnalectsofConfucius,commonlyknownasLunyu,standsasadistinguishedexampleofworldliterature.ThepublicationofitsMaltesetranslationwillfurtherenrichculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandMalta,”saysSalvatoreGiuffrè,aMaltesesinologistandthetranslatorofthebook.GiuffrèhasbeenstudyingChinesesincehisteenageyears.DuringhistimeasaChinesemajorstudentinItaly,hecameintocontactwithclassicalChinese.“IneededtolearnclassicalChinesetograspthecentralmeaningofChineseliterarycultureandphilosophy,”heexplains.Consequently,hetranslatedthebookdirectlyfromtheoriginalversion.“Lunyuwascomposedinadense(緊湊的)andbriefmanner,whichmakesunderstandingitratherchallenging,”hestates.GiuffrèusuallyreferencedversionsofthebookwritteninmodernChinesetoexplaincertaintermsthathefoundunclear,obscureorhardtounderstand.HealsoaddedcommentsandexplanationstomakethetexteasierforMaltesereaderstounderstand.GiuffrèdedicatedapproximatelytwoyearstomakingthebookaccessibletoMaltesereaders,particularlyyoungstudents,throughtranslation.Currently,theMalteseversionisavailableforlocalreaders.ItincludesanintroductiontoConfucius’slife,theerahelived,histeachings,andthekeyconcepts,terms,namesandfiguresmentionedinthebook.“Iaimedtomakeitaccessibletoabroaderreadership,”Giuffrèstates.“IhopemytranslationwillaidinthespreadofChinesecultureandphilosophyinMalta.”HeexpressesthehopethatcooperationbetweenChinaandMaltainthepublishingsectorwillfosteropportunitiesforadditionaltranslationprojectsofliteraryworks.4.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphdo?A.Tointroducethesubjectofthepassage. B.Toprovidedetailedinformation.C.ToemphasizetheimportanceofLunyu. D.Tomakethepassagepersuasive.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obscure”meaninparagraph3?A.Expressive. B.Impressive. C.Unsuitable. D.Puzzling.6.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheMalteseversionofLunyu?A.Itiswellreceivedbylocalreaders.B.ItmainlyintroducesthestoriesofConfucius.C.ItcanhelpyoungstudentslearnaboutConfucius.D.IttookGiuffrèabouttwoyearstomakecomments.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.ManyMaltesebegantolearnChineseculture.B.Giuffrè’stranslationhasabroadreadershipinMalta.C.GiuffrèhopestocooperatewiththeChinesepublishingsector.D.Giuffrèwantstodomoreforacross-culturaldialoguethroughpublication.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了馬耳他漢學(xué)家Giuffrè翻譯《論語》至馬耳他語的過程及其對(duì)促進(jìn)中馬文化交流的意義?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段““TheAnalectsofConfucius,commonlyknownasLunyu,standsasadistinguishedexampleofworldliterature.ThepublicationofitsMaltesetranslationwillfurtherenrichculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandMalta,”saysSalvatoreGiuffrè,aMaltesesinologistandthetranslatorofthebook.(“TheAnalectsofConfucius，通常被稱為《論語》，是世界文學(xué)中的杰出典范。其馬耳他語譯本的出版將進(jìn)一步豐富中馬兩國之間的文化交流，”馬耳他漢學(xué)家、本書譯者SalvatoreGiuffrè說道)”可知，第一段主要介紹了《論語》及其馬耳他語譯本的出版將對(duì)中馬文化交流產(chǎn)生的意義，引出了文章的主題，即《論語》馬耳他語版的出版及其意義。因此，第一段的作用是引入文章的主題。故選A?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段““Lunyuwascomposedinadense(緊湊的)andbriefmanner,whichmakesunderstandingitratherchallenging,”hestates.GiuffrèusuallyreferencedversionsofthebookwritteninmodernChinesetoexplaincertaintermsthathefoundunclear,obscureorhardtounderstand.HealsoaddedcommentsandexplanationstomakethetexteasierforMaltesereaderstounderstand.(他說：“《論語》的行文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊且簡潔，這使得理解它頗具挑戰(zhàn)性。”Giuffrè通常會(huì)參考用現(xiàn)代漢語寫成的《論語》版本，來解釋他覺得不清楚、obscure或難以理解的某些術(shù)語。他還添加了注釋和講解，以便讓馬耳他讀者更易于理解原文內(nèi)容)”可知，“obscure”與“unclear”和“hardtounderstand”意思相近，應(yīng)該是“令人困惑的，費(fèi)解的”的意思。故選D。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“GiuffrèdedicatedapproximatelytwoyearstomakingthebookaccessibletoMaltesereaders,particularlyyoungstudents,throughtranslation.Currently,theMalteseversionisavailableforlocalreaders.ItincludesanintroductiontoConfucius’slife,theerahelived,histeachings,andthekeyconcepts,terms,namesandfiguresmentionedinthebook.(Giuffrè花費(fèi)了大約兩年時(shí)間，通過翻譯讓馬耳他讀者，尤其是年輕學(xué)生能夠讀懂這本書。目前，馬耳他語版本已面向當(dāng)?shù)刈x者發(fā)行。該版本包括對(duì)孔子的生平、他所處的時(shí)代、他的學(xué)說，以及書中提到的關(guān)鍵概念、術(shù)語、名稱和人物的介紹)”可知，馬耳他語版的《論語》包括孔子的生平、他生活的時(shí)代、他的教誨以及書中提到的關(guān)鍵概念、術(shù)語、名字和人物等。因此，馬耳他語版的《論語》可以幫助年輕學(xué)生了解孔子。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Iaimedtomakeitaccessibletoabroaderreadership,”Giuffrèstates.“IhopemytranslationwillaidinthespreadofChinesecultureandphilosophyinMalta.”HeexpressesthehopethatcooperationbetweenChinaandMaltainthepublishingsectorwillfosteropportunitiesforadditionaltranslationprojectsofliteraryworks.(Giuffrè說：“我的目標(biāo)是讓更廣泛的讀者群體都能讀懂這本書。我希望我的翻譯能有助于中國文化和哲學(xué)在馬耳他的傳播?！彼硎?，希望中國和馬耳他在出版領(lǐng)域的合作能夠催生更多文學(xué)作品翻譯項(xiàng)目的機(jī)會(huì))”可推知，我們可以從最后一段了解到Giuffrè想通過出版為跨文化對(duì)話做更多的事情。故選D。CYearsofresearchonexercisehavelongsupportedtheideathatconsistentworkoutsovertimeleadtobothphysicalandmentalbenefits.Butwhataboutshort,intenseperiodsofexercise?AteamofscientistsatUCSantaBarbarahastakenacloserlookandtheirstudywasrecentlypublishedinCommunicationsPsychology.“Oneofthemostconsistentfindingsintheliteratureisthatexerciseprograms—somethinglikeaplanyouwouldfollow,say,threetimesaweekoverseveralmonthsoryears—improvethinkingskillsandcanevenpromotebraincellgrowth,”saidBarryGiesbrecht,aprofessorintheDepartmentofPsychological&BrainSciencesandseniorauthorofthestudy.“Butstudieslookingattheeffectsofsingle,intenseperiodsofexercisearemuchmoremixed.”Focusingonsubjectsbetween18―45yearsold,firstauthorJordanGarrett—whograduatedwithhisPh.D.fromthedepartmentinJune-andtheteamreviewedthousandsofexercisestudiespublishedbetween1995and2023tofindcommonpatterns.Basedontheiranalysis,cyclingandhigh-intensityintervaltraining(HIIT)producedthemostreliableimprovementsinmemory,attention,decision-makingskills,information,processing,andothermentalabilities.“Wefoundthathigh-energyactivitieshadthelargesteffects,”Giesbrechtsaid.“Also,theeffectswerestrongerforstudiesthattestedcognition(認(rèn)知)afterexercise,asopposedtoduringexercise.Andlastly,theeffectsofexerciselastinglessthan30minutesweregreaterthanthoselastingover30minutes.Ourworkshowedthestrongestevidenceforapositiveeffectofsingleboutsofexerciseoncognitionandthatthisevidencewasimpactedbyavarietyoffactors.”“Anotherinterestingresultisthattheoveralleffectofasingleperiodofexercisewasgenerallysmall,”Giesbrechtsaid,notingthatbesidesthevariability(可變性)acrosstheexperiments,theenhancementsmayalsobesmallbecausetheyaretypicallymeasuredwhenthephysicalactivityisnotrelatedtothecognitivetask.Thisraisesthe“interesting”theory,headded,thatperhapsusingtasksthatrequiretheintegrationofactionsofourbodyandcognitivesystemsmayresultinmoresignificantbenefits.Giesbrechtandhisteamindicatedthattheyplantotestthisidea.8.Whydoestheauthormentionconsistentworkoutsinparagraph1?A.Toemphasizetheimportanceofregularexercise.B.Tointroduceacontrastwithshort,intenseexercise.C.Toexplainthenecessityofdoingconsistentexercise.D.Tocomparethebenefitsofdifferentexerciseduration.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Themethodandkeyfindingsofthestudy.B.Thechallengesofanalyzinglargedatasets.C.Thehistoricalbackgroundofexerciseresearch.D.Futureplanstointegrateexercisewithcognitivetasks.10.Whatwasonesignificantfindingregardingthedurationofexerciseanditscognitiveeffects?A.Longerexercisesessionsarealwaysbetter.B.Exercisemustlastatleastonehourforbenefits.C.Durationofexercisehadnoimpactoncognition.D.Exerciselastinglessthan30minuteshadlargereffects.11.Whatwillthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Combiningphysicalmovementwithmentaltasks.B.Extendingthedurationofsingleexercisesessions.C.Comparingdifferenttypesofhigh-energyexercises.D.Analyzingage-relateddifferencesinexerciseeffects.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)認(rèn)知能力影響的研究，特別是短時(shí)間高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)與長期規(guī)律運(yùn)動(dòng)的效果對(duì)比?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Yearsofresearchonexercisehavelongsupportedtheideathatconsistentworkoutsovertimeleadtobothphysicalandmentalbenefits.Butwhataboutshort,intenseperiodsofexercise?(多年的運(yùn)動(dòng)研究一直支持長期規(guī)律運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)身心有益的觀點(diǎn)。但短時(shí)間高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)又如何呢？)”可知，作者提到長期規(guī)律運(yùn)動(dòng)是為了與短時(shí)間高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)形成對(duì)比。故選B?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Focusingonsubjectsbetween18―45yearsold,firstauthorJordanGarrett—whograduatedwithhisPh.D.fromthedepartmentinJune-andtheteamreviewedthousandsofexercisestudiespublishedbetween1995and2023tofindcommonpatterns.Basedontheiranalysis,cyclingandhigh-intensityintervaltraining(HIIT)producedthemostreliableimprovementsinmemory,attention,decision-makingskills,information,processing,andothermentalabilities.(該研究的第一作者喬丹·加勒特于今年6月從該系獲得博士學(xué)位，他和研究小組對(duì)1995年至2023年間發(fā)表的數(shù)千項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)研究進(jìn)行了回顧，以尋找共同模式。根據(jù)他們的分析，騎車和高強(qiáng)度間歇訓(xùn)練（HIIT）在記憶力、注意力、決策能力、信息、處理和其他心理能力方面產(chǎn)生了最可靠的改善。)”可知，本段主要講述了研究的方法和關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Also,theeffectswerestrongerforstudiesthattestedcognition(認(rèn)知)afterexercise,asopposedtoduringexercise.Andlastly,theeffectsofexerciselastinglessthan30minutesweregreaterthanthoselastingover30minutes.(此外，與在運(yùn)動(dòng)中測(cè)試認(rèn)知相比，在運(yùn)動(dòng)后測(cè)試認(rèn)知的效果更強(qiáng)。最后，持續(xù)時(shí)間少于30分鐘的運(yùn)動(dòng)效果比時(shí)間超過30分鐘的效果更好)”可知，持續(xù)不到30分鐘的鍛煉效果更大。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Thisraisesthe“interesting”theory,headded,thatperhapsusingtasksthatrequiretheintegrationofactionsofourbodyandcognitivesystemsmayresultinmoresignificantbenefits.Giesbrechtandhisteamindicatedthattheyplantotestthisidea.(他補(bǔ)充道，這提出了一個(gè)“有趣”的理論，即可能需要結(jié)合身體動(dòng)作和認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)的任務(wù)才能帶來更顯著的效果。吉斯布雷希特和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)表示，他們計(jì)劃測(cè)試這個(gè)想法。）可知，后續(xù)研究將關(guān)注結(jié)合身體運(yùn)動(dòng)與認(rèn)知任務(wù)。故選A。DSirIsaacNewtonwasagreatastronomer.Althoughhedidnotusehisreflectingtelescopetodiscovernewastronomicalphenomena,hedidemployittocompletelytransformourviewoftheworldweinhabitandtheuniverseatlarge.Reflectingtelescopesusemirrorstoreflectandfocuslightandenlargeimages,distinguishingthemfromrefractors(折射望遠(yuǎn)鏡)thatrelyonlenses(透鏡).Theirsimplicityinconstructionandabilitytoachievemuchgreatersizesthanrefractorshaveledtoatransformationinourastronomicalknowledgeandcomprehensionoftheuniverse.Aslightpassesthroughglass,variouscolorsorbandsarerefractedatvaryingangles,leadingtochromaticaberration(色差)andconsequently,twistedimageswhenviewedthroughalens.InthetimeofNewton,thetechnologyforproducingglassandlenseswasstillveryprimitive,andthechallengesassociatedwithchromaticaberrationhadnotbeenadequatelyaddressed.Todaywecanmakelensesthathavealmostnochromaticaberrationbutwecan’tmakethemverylarge.Asthesizeofalensincreasessignificantly,itbecomesextremelyheavy,causingitsownweighttodistortthelensandconsequentlyruintheimagequality.Newton’stelescopesolvedtheseproblems.Amirrordoesn’tallowlighttopass.Itsimplybouncesallthelightoffthesurface.Thismeansthere’snochromaticaberration.Plus,becauseweonlyneedtobouncelightoffthesurface,wecansupporttheentiremirroronabase,reducingitsweight.Thisallowsustobuildmuchlargermirrorswithoutanydistortion.WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywithpredictingthecomet’sorbit,whatNewtondiddowastieinwithmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniversethroughtheuseofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory.TheoriginaltelescopeconstructedbyNewtonispreservedandmaintainedbytheRoyalSocietyofLondon.ItisshowcasedinLondonandoccasionallyembarksoninternationaltoursasanelementofexhibitions.12.WhatdoweknowaboutNewton’stelescope?A.Ithasagreatsizewithcomplexstructure.B.Itreliesonmirrorsinsteadoflenses.C.Itcanmaketheimagesmallerthanarefractor.D.IthelpedNewtonuncovernovelastronomicalphenomena.13.WhatproblemsdidNewton’stelescopemanagetosolve?A.Restrictionsontheproduction. B.Issueswithimagequality.C.Challengesoflensmaking. D.Limitsoflight’spassingangles.14.WhydoestheauthormentionGalileoandHalley?A.Tostateafact. B.Toraiseapoint.C.Toexplainaconcept. D.Tomakeacomparison.15.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A.Newton’stelescopeispreservedbytheRoyalSocietyasahistoricalscientificantique.B.Newton’stelescopesimplifiedconstructionandenabledlargersizescomparedtorefractors.C.Newton’stelescopeinnovatedastronomybysolvingproblemscausedbylenslimitations.D.Newton’stelescopeachievedbreakthroughimprovementsoverrefractors,observingnewastronomicalphenomena.【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了牛頓的反射望遠(yuǎn)鏡如何通過使用鏡子而非透鏡，解決了色差和透鏡重量問題，從而推動(dòng)了天文學(xué)的發(fā)展?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Reflectingtelescopesusemirrorstoreflectandfocuslightandenlargeimages,distinguishingthemfromrefractors(折射望遠(yuǎn)鏡)thatrelyonlenses(透鏡).(反射望遠(yuǎn)鏡使用鏡子來反射和聚焦光線并放大圖像，這與依賴透鏡的折射望遠(yuǎn)鏡不同。)”可知，牛頓的望遠(yuǎn)鏡依靠鏡子而不是透鏡。故選B?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Aslightpassesthroughglass,variouscolorsorbandsarerefractedatvaryingangles,leadingtochromaticaberration(色差)andconsequently,twistedimageswhenviewedthroughalens.(當(dāng)光線穿過玻璃時(shí)，各種顏色或波段會(huì)以不同的角度折射，導(dǎo)致色差，因此，通過透鏡觀看時(shí)圖像會(huì)扭曲。)”以及第四段中“Newton’stelescopesolvedtheseproblems.(牛頓的望遠(yuǎn)鏡解決了這些問題。)”可知，牛頓的望遠(yuǎn)鏡設(shè)法解決了圖像質(zhì)量問題。故選B。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第五段“WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywithpredictingthecomet’sorbit,whatNewtondiddowastieinwithmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniversethroughtheuseofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory.(雖然伽利略因發(fā)現(xiàn)木星周圍的衛(wèi)星而備受贊譽(yù)，哈雷則因預(yù)測(cè)彗星軌道而聞名，但牛頓所做的是通過他的望遠(yuǎn)鏡和他的萬有引力理論，將數(shù)學(xué)、天文學(xué)和我們對(duì)宇宙的理解聯(lián)系在一起。)”可知，作者提到伽利略和哈雷是為了與牛頓進(jìn)行對(duì)比，突出牛頓的貢獻(xiàn)。故選D?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Reflectingtelescopesusemirrorstoreflectandfocuslightandenlargeimages,distinguishingthemfromrefractors(折射望遠(yuǎn)鏡)thatrelyonlenses(透鏡).Theirsimplicityinconstructionandabilitytoachievemuchgreatersizesthanrefractorshaveledtoatransformationinourastronomicalknowledgeandcomprehensionoftheuniverse.(反射望遠(yuǎn)鏡利用鏡子來反射和聚焦光線并放大圖像，這與依賴透鏡的折射望遠(yuǎn)鏡有所不同。反射望遠(yuǎn)鏡構(gòu)造簡單，且能夠達(dá)到比折射望遠(yuǎn)鏡大得多的尺寸，這推動(dòng)了我們對(duì)天文知識(shí)和宇宙理解的變革。)”、第三段中“Aslightpassesthroughglass,variouscolorsorbandsarerefractedatvaryingangles,leadingtochromaticaberration(色差)andconsequently,twistedimageswhenviewedthroughalens.(當(dāng)光線穿過玻璃時(shí)，各種顏色或波段會(huì)以不同的角度折射，導(dǎo)致色差，因此，通過透鏡觀看時(shí)圖像會(huì)扭曲。)”以及第四段中“Newton’stelescopesolvedtheseproblems.(牛頓的望遠(yuǎn)鏡解決了這些問題。)”可知，文章主要介紹了牛頓的望遠(yuǎn)鏡如何通過解決透鏡限制引起的問題來革新天文學(xué)。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Genes,thebasicunitsofheredity,playacrucialroleindeterminingourphysicalcharacteristicsandhealthconditions.___16___Withthedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,genetictestinghasbecomeanimportanttoolforunderstandingourbiologicalmakeup.Whenyoutakeagenetictest,scientistswillanalyzeyourDNAsample.___17___Forexample,sometestscantellifyoucarrygenesthatmightincreaseyourriskofcertaindiseaseslikebreastcancerorheartconditions.Thisknowledgecanhelppeopletakepreventivemeasuresearly.However,genetictestingalsoraisesethicalquestions.___18___Shouldemployershaveaccesstothisinformation?Whatifinsurancecompaniesuseittodenycoverage?Whatifhospitalsprioritizetreatmentsbasedongeneticrisks?Theseissuesrequirecarefulconsideration.___19___Thisneedscountriestoworktogether,setclearrules,andpreventunfairtreatment.Forexample,theGlobalAllianceforGenomicsandHealth(GA4GH)createdthe“FrameworkforResponsibleSharingofGenomicandHealth-relatedData”.Itunifiesprivacyrulesinover40countries,lettingscientistsstudyrarediseasesusinganonymousgeneticdata.Atthesametime,itrequiresstrictcompliance(遵守)oflawsandstopsanyharmfuluseofpersonalinformation.Theseactionsshowhowglobalteamworkcanprotectpeople’sprivacywhilehelpingmedicalsciencemoveforward.Thoughnotperfect,genetictestingoffersvaluableinsights.Byunderstandingourgeneticrisks,wecanmakebetterlifestylechoicesandworkwithdoctorstocreatepersonalizedhealthplans.Forexample,individualswithagenetictendencyforheartdiseasemightincreasecardiovascularexercisesandreducesaturatedfatintake.___20___A.Ultimately,thisknowledgeenablesproactivehealthmanagementtailoredtoindividualneeds.B.Theycontaincodesforproteinsthatdirectlyaffectbodilyfunctionsandhealth.C.Toaddresstheserisks,legalframeworksmustbalanceprivacyprotectionwithresearchneeds.D.LaboratorytechnicianscompareDNAsamplestoidentifyuniquegeneticmarkers.E.Theseanalysescandetectgenevariationslinkedtoinherited(遺傳)diseases.F.Theownershipanduseofgeneticinformationremainhighlycontroversial(有爭(zhēng)議的).G.Effectivedataprotectionmethodsareessentialforsecuringgeneticdatabases.【答案】16.B17.E18.F19.C20.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了基因在決定我們的身體特征和健康狀況方面的作用，以及基因檢測(cè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展、應(yīng)用、倫理問題及其全球合作的解決方案。【16題詳析】上文“Genes,thebasicunitsofheredity,playacrucialroleindeterminingourphysicalcharacteristicsandhealthconditions.(基因，遺傳的基本單位，在決定我們的身體特征和健康狀況方面發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用)”說明基因的重要性，空處應(yīng)繼續(xù)說明基因如何影響我們，B選項(xiàng)“Theycontaincodesforproteinsthatdirectlyaffectbodilyfunctionsandhealth.(它們包含直接影響身體功能和健康的蛋白質(zhì)的編碼)”進(jìn)一步解釋了基因如何對(duì)身體產(chǎn)生影響，“They”指代上文的“Genes”，起到承接上文的作用。故選B?！?7題詳析】上文“Whenyoutakeagenetictest,scientistswillanalyzeyourDNAsample.(當(dāng)你進(jìn)行基因檢測(cè)時(shí)，科學(xué)家會(huì)分析你的DNA樣本)”及下文“Forexample,sometestscantellifyoucarrygenesthatmightincreaseyourriskofcertaindiseaseslikebreastcancerorheartconditions.(例如，一些測(cè)試可以判斷你是否攜帶可能增加患某些疾?。ㄈ缛橄侔┗蛐呐K?。╋L(fēng)險(xiǎn)的基因)”說明科學(xué)家會(huì)分析DNA樣本來判斷某些疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，空處承上啟下，說明科學(xué)家是如何分析的，E選項(xiàng)“Theseanalysescandetectgenevariationslinkedtoinherited(遺傳)diseases.(這些分析可以檢測(cè)到與遺傳疾病相關(guān)的基因變異)”中的“Theseanalyses”承接上文的“analyzeyourDNAsample”，“detectgenevariationslinkedtoinheriteddiseases”與下文舉例內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)，起到承上啟下的作用，符合語境。故選E?！?8題詳析】上文“However,genetictestingalsoraisesethicalquestions.(然而，基因檢測(cè)也引發(fā)了倫理問題)”說明基因檢測(cè)引發(fā)了關(guān)于信息使用和隱私的倫理問題，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Theownershipanduseofgeneticinformationremainhighlycontroversial(有爭(zhēng)議的).(基因信息的所有權(quán)和使用仍然存在很大爭(zhēng)議)”既承接上文基因測(cè)試引發(fā)倫理問題，又引出下文關(guān)于基因信息使用爭(zhēng)議的具體例子“Shouldemployershaveaccesstothisinformation?Whatifinsurancecompaniesuseittodenycoverage?Whatifhospitalsprioritizetreatmentsbasedongeneticrisks?(雇主應(yīng)該獲取這些信息嗎？如果保險(xiǎn)公司利用它拒絕承保怎么辦？如果醫(yī)院根據(jù)遺傳風(fēng)險(xiǎn)優(yōu)先治療怎么辦？)”。故選F?！?9題詳析】下文“Thisneedscountriestoworktogether,setclearrules,andpreventunfairtreatment.(這需要各國共同努力，制定明確的規(guī)則，防止不公平待遇)”說明需要國際合作和制定規(guī)則來解決基因檢測(cè)的倫理問題，空處引出下文，說明為了解決這些問題需要做什么，C選項(xiàng)“Toaddresstheserisks,legalframeworksmustbalanceprivacyprotectionwithresearchneeds.(為了解決這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，法律框架必須在隱私保護(hù)和研究需求之間取得平衡)”符合語境。故選C?！?0題詳析】上文“Thoughnotperfect,genetictestingoffersvaluableinsights.Byunderstandingourgeneticrisks,wecanmakebetterlifestylechoicesandworkwithdoctorstocreatepersonalizedhealthplans.Forexample,individualswithagenetictendencyforheartdiseasemightincreasecardiovascularexercisesandreducesaturatedfatintake.(雖然并不完美，但基因檢測(cè)提供了有價(jià)值的見解。通過了解我們的遺傳風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，我們可以做出更好的生活方式選擇，并與醫(yī)生合作制定個(gè)性化的健康計(jì)劃。例如，有心臟病遺傳傾向的個(gè)體可能會(huì)增加心血管鍛煉，減少飽和脂肪的攝入)”說明基因檢測(cè)可以幫助我們做出更好的健康選擇，空處總結(jié)上文，說明基因檢測(cè)的好處，A選項(xiàng)“Ultimately,thisknowledgeenablesproactivehealthmanagementtailoredtoindividualneeds.(最終，這些知識(shí)使能夠根據(jù)個(gè)人需求進(jìn)行主動(dòng)健康管理成為可能)”強(qiáng)調(diào)了解基因風(fēng)險(xiǎn)帶來的最終好處，符合語境。故選A。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Lastsummer,Idecidedtojoinamountain-climbingcamporganizedbyourcommunity.ThoughIlacked___21___inmyphysicalabilities,theideaofchallengingmyselfappealedtomedeeply.Myparents___22___meabouttherisks,butIfeltastrong___23___toprovemyself.Onthefirstday,ourinstructorgatheredusatthebaseandannouncedwewould___24___the3,000-meterpeakwithinthreedays.Myheartmissedabeatandmypalmsgrewsweatywithamixofnervousnessand___25___Theinitialclimbwentsmoothly.Sunlight___26___throughthetrees,andwildflowersbloomedalongthepath,theircolorsvividagainstthegreen.Birdssangcheerfullyinthepinetrees,asifcheeringuson.___27___,bythesecondafternoon,darkcloudsgatheredsuddenly.Withinminutes,rainbegantopour,turningthe___28___pathintoadangerousobstacle.Islippedtwice,mylegsshaking___29___Thatnightinthe___30___,exhaustedandshiveringinthecold,I___31___givingup.Justthen,myteammateLisaenteredwithasmile,herflashlightcastingawarmglow.“Rememberwhyyoustarted,”shesaid,handingmeahotdrink.Her___32___wordsrekindledmydeterminationlikeasparkinthedarkness.Thefinalclimbtestedourlimits.Weclung(抓緊)toropes,our___33___visibleinthefreezingair.WhenIfinallyreachedthesummit,tears___34___withsweatonmyface.Belowus,valleyslaywrappedingoldensunlight,resemblingamagicalpainting.Sometimes,thegreatest___35___onlyappearsafterthehardestclimb.21.A.motivation B.experience C.intelligence D.confidence22.A.advised B.warned C.educated D.questioned23.A.urge B.curiosity C.impatience D.pressure24.A.conquer B.approach C.locate D.explore25.A.self-awareness B.self-denial C.self-doubt D.self-pity26.A.laughedout B.passeddown C.rolleddown D.streameddown27.A.However B.Thus C.Instead D.Moreover28.A.icy B.sandy C.dusty D.rocky29.A.slightly B.uncontrollably C.rhythmically D.strangely30.A.dormitory B.shelter C.vehicle D.apartment31.A.imagined B.regretted C.considered D.avoided32.A.grateful B.cautious C.encouraging D.unselfish33.A.flags B.breaths C.shadows D.footsteps34.A.met B.mixed C.competed D.identified35.A.view B.journey C.trial D.dream【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.A25.C26.D27.A28.D29.B30.B31.C32.C33.B34.B35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者參加社區(qū)組織的登山營，面對(duì)身體上的挑戰(zhàn)和心理上的動(dòng)搖，最終在隊(duì)友鼓勵(lì)下成功登頂并獲得深刻感悟的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我對(duì)自己的體能缺乏信心，但挑戰(zhàn)自己的想法深深地吸引了我。A.motivation動(dòng)機(jī)；B.experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷；C.intelligence智力；D.confidence信心。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞Though和后文“theideaofchallengingmyselfappealedtomedeeply”可知，后面說挑戰(zhàn)自我的想法吸引作者，前面應(yīng)是作者對(duì)自己的身體能力沒信心。故選D。【22題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的父母警告我有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但我感到一種強(qiáng)烈的沖動(dòng)要證明自己。A.advised建議；B.