湖北省新八校協(xié)作體高三下學(xué)期5月模擬考試英語試題

年湖北省“新八?！眳f(xié)作體高三5月模擬考試高三英語試卷注意事項：答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號、考場號、座位號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。第一部分聽力共兩節(jié)，滿分分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt??A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wherecanthemanfetchashelffrom?A.Astorageroom.B.Afactory.C.Ashop.2.Whyisthewomanworried?A.Shefailedtheexam.B.Hermotherwillscoldher.C.Shedidn’tachievehergoal3.Whatcolorwasthewoman’sbedroombefore?A.Green.B.Blue.C.Pink.4.WhatisStevedoingnow?A.Swimming.B.Fishing.C.TV.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afire.B.Ahouse.C.Thewoman’sdaughter.第二節(jié)共小題每小題分，滿分分)第1頁/共24頁聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第、7題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Doctorandpatient.C.agentandclient.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Seeadoctor.B.aboattrip.C.Pay$150first.聽第7段材料，回答第8至題。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemovie?A.It’samazing.B.It’sdisappointing.C.It’sworthwatching.9.Whatmadethewomanconfusedaboutthemovie?A.Theplot.B.Thescenery.C.Thespecialeffects.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisfamiliarwiththecharactersofthemovie.B.Shereadalotbeforewatchingthemovie.C.Shelikesgoingtothetheater.聽第8段材料，回答第至題。Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.herwheretobuysouvenirs.B.Goonholidaywithherfamilyhere.C.GivehersomeadviceontouringinCairo.12.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?A.HevisitedtheSphinx.B.Helearnthowtorideacamel.C.HewenttotheKhanalKhalilifair.13.Whatwillthemandotomorrow?A.LeaveCairo.B.GoboatingontheNile.C.theEgyptianMuseum.聽第9段材料，回答第至題。14.Whydofilmstarsearnmuchmoneyaccordingtotheman?A.Theirworkishard.B.Theyspendmuchtimetraining.C.Theymakealotoffilmseachyear.15.Whatdoesthemansayaboutfilmstars?A.MostoftheirfilmsdowellattheboxB.Manyofthemcan’thugehouses.第2頁/共24頁C.Theyearnmoreandspendmore.16.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardscelebritiesintheend?A.Envious.B.Critical.C.Sympathetic.聽第段材料，回答第至題。17.WhenwillMonicaworkinthelibrary?A.From8:45a.m.to5:15p.m.B.From9:15a.m.to4:45p.m.C.From9a.m.to5p.m.18.WhatcanMonicadowhileworkinginthelibrary?A.Readbooks.B.Havedrinks.C.tostudents.19.WherecanMonicahavesandwichesforlunch?A.Inacanteen.B.Inamonroom.C.Inan20.Whydoesn’tthespeakerremendcafesinthetowncenter?A.Lunchtimeislimited.B.Theyarecrowded.C.Theyareexpensive.第二部分閱讀理解共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThesedays,streamingismorestraightforwardthanever.IfyouhaveanewerTV,allyouhavetodoisselectofthebuiltinappsandsignuptostartwatching.HereisasummaryofthehighlyremendedmajorservicesandthebigshowsandmoviestheyTVisposedofthe100pluslivechannels(or30plusSpanishnetworksundertheSpanishPlan)youcanfindoncable.Ifashowormoviehasairedononeofthosenetworks,fullseasonsarelikelyavailableforfreeviavideoondemandorforpurchase.AnylivesportsairingoncablechannelslikeESPN,FSlandCBSSportsNetworkarestreamingheretoo.musthaveaGoogleaccounttosubscribe.Price:$72.99/month;$34.99/monthfortheSpanishPlan.Anytwodevicescanstreamatonce.Apple’sistheonlymajorservicewithexclusivelyoriginalprogrammingandnoads.ThatmeansitonlythenewcuttingedgeseriesandfilmsproducedbyAppleStudiosthattendtocapbestofyearendsummary,includingTedLasso,TheMorningShow,Severance,PrehistoricPlanet,MastersoftheAirandKillersofthe第3頁/共24頁FlowerMoon.Price:$9.99/month.Anytwodevicescanstreamatonce.Max’spredecessor,HBOGo,wasmorealibraryforHBOtoshelvepastseasonsofitshitssuchasGameofThronesandTheSopranos.Since2022,whenparentpanybinedwithDiscovery,it’snolongerHBOnly.cansearchthroughDiscoverytitleslikeHouseHunters,ChoppedandSayYestotheDressalongsideHBOtriumphsTrueDetective,TheWireandTheWhiteLotus.Price:$9.99/monthforonedeviceatoncewithads;$15.99/monthfortwodevicesatonceadfree;$19.99/monthforthreedevicesatonceadfree.1.WhatdoweknowaboutTV?A.GameofThronesisavailable.B.AGoogleaccountisnotnecessary.C.TheSpanishPlanisforfree.D.Sportsfanscanenjoyfirsthandexperience.2.WhatsetsAppleTV+apartfromotherstreamingservices?A.Freepastseasonhits.B.Diverselivechannels.C.Originalprograms.D.Highsubscriptioncost.3.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyouwanttostreamonthreedeviceswithoutads?A.$34.99/month.B.$19.99/month.C.$15.99/month.D.$9.99/month.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】Max和AppleTV在內(nèi)的三種視頻流媒體服務(wù)平臺的特點以及他們的訂閱價格?！?題詳解】部分的“AnylivesportsairingoncablechannelslikeESPN,FSlandCBSSportsNetworkarestreamingheretoo.(在ESPNfslan和CBS體育網(wǎng)絡(luò)等有線電視頻道播放的任何現(xiàn)場體育節(jié)目都可以在這里播放。)”可知，體育粉絲可以通過此平臺看直播賽事，獲得一手體驗，故選D。【2題詳解】部分“Apple’sistheonlymajorservicewithexclusivelyoriginalprogrammingandnoads.(蘋果是唯一一家提供原創(chuàng)節(jié)目、沒有廣告的主流服務(wù)。)”可知，AppleTV+是唯一擁有原第4頁/共24頁創(chuàng)節(jié)目且沒有廣告的主要平臺，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)部分“$19.99/monthforthreedevicesatonceadfree.(每月19.99美元，同時使用三臺設(shè)備，不含廣告。)”可知，如果你想在沒有廣告的情況下在三臺設(shè)備上播放流媒體，你應(yīng)該支付19.99美元/月。故選B。BLifecanfeelterriblyunfair.Andyetforsomepeople,whenlifehandsthemtheworstpossiblecircumstance,theyareattheirabsolutebest.JessieJoyReesisjustsuchaperson.Theblondehaired,Californiakidwiththebigpersonalityasfunasadayatthebeachbecamethevoiceofcourageforkidswithcancer.Athleticandenergetic,Jessiehadherwholeworldinfrontofher,untilshewasdiagnosedwithaninoperablebraintumor(腫瘤)inDoctorsestimatedthatshehadjust1%chanceofsurvivalandlessthanayeartolive.noothertreatmentoptions,herfamilyenteredJessieforaclinicaltrial.Forweekssheunderwent30roundsofradiotherapy.Amazingly,thepainanduncertaintyneverlessenedhershine,andJessiealwaysremainedpositivethroughoutitall.Threeweeksintohertreatment,Jessieaskedanuncharacteristicallymaturequestionforsuchayounggirl.Lookingoutattheotherchildrenwhowerealsogoingthroughcancertreatment,sheaskedherparents:“Howcanwehelpthem?”Jessie’sheartwasbiggerthananytumor.“Shewasdeterminedtomakeothercancerkidshappy,”herfatherEriktenderlyremembers.“Howcouldwenothelp?”Though12yearoldJessiehadaslightchanceofbeatingcancer,sheresolvedtomakethemostofhertime.Themorningafterherdiagnosis,Jessiewasatthekitchentablepackingbagsoftoysforothercancerpatients.Thepackagesbecamehospitalsafeplasticjarswithtoys,craftsandactivitiestosurprisechildrenwhiletheyareinthehospitalfortreatment.JoyJars,namedafterJessie’smiddlename,containalittlebitoffunduringordinarydays,butmostlytheycontainalittlebitofJessie’spositiveattitudethatfillstheroomeverytimeoneisopened.JessieJoyRees,aspecialsoulwhocouldradiatesomuchgoodinsoshortatime,passedawaylessthanayearfromherdiagnosis:Butherparentskeepthejoyalive.Morethan400,000JoyJarshavebeendeliveredtochildrenundergoingcancertreatmentinall50statesandover50countries,witheachstampedwithherlifephilosophy“NeverEverGiveUp”.Nomatterhowlongorshortourlivesturnouttobe,thereisalwaysroomforalittlejoy.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJessiefromparagraph2?A.Shehadaslimchancetobecuredofthebraincancer.第5頁/共24頁B.Sherefusedtoacceptanyformofmedicaltreatment.C.Shehadareputationallovertheworldforhercourage.D.ShewasfondofhavingfunonthebeachinCalifornia.5.WhatinspiredJessie’screationofJoyJars?A.Herintentiontogetridofherphysicalpain.BHerneedtoraisefundsforhermedicaltreatment.C.Herwishtobringemotionalsupporttofellowpatients.D.Hergoaltopromoteherlifephilosophyaroundtheworld.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJessie?A.Ambitiousandresponsible.B.Sympatheticandoptimistic.C.Cooperativeandintelligent.D.Aggressiveandpioneering.7.Whatdoesthearticlewanttotellus?A.Alifewithoutpassionisalifehalflived.B.Joyandsorrowarenextdoorneighbors.C.Acandlelightsothersandconsumesitself.D.Whenlifegivesyoulemons,makelemonade.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了一位12歲身患癌癥的小女孩面對病魔依舊積極樂觀，并且通過制作樂罐將快樂和希望帶給其他正在對抗癌癥的小孩的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Doctorsestimatedthatshehadjust1%chanceofsurvivalandlessthanayeartolive.(醫(yī)生估計她只有1%的生存機會，不到一年的生命)”以及第四段“Though12yearoldJessiehadaslightchanceofbeatingcancer,sheresolvedtomakethemostofhertime.(雖然12歲的杰西有一點點戰(zhàn)勝癌癥的機會，但她決心充分利用自己的時間)”可知，Jessie被治愈的機會渺茫，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Shewasdeterminedtomakeothercancerkidshappy(她決心讓其他癌癥兒童快樂)”和第四段中“Themorningafterherdiagnosis,Jessiewasatthekitchentablepackingbagsoftoysforothercancerpatients.(確診后的那個早晨，杰西在廚房的桌子旁為其他癌癥患者打包玩具)”可知，Jessie制作JoyJars的第6頁/共24頁目的是為了給患癌的孩子們帶來快樂，提供情感上的支持，故選C?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Amazingly,thepainanduncertaintyneverlessenedhershine,andJessiealwaysremainedpositivethroughoutitall.(令人驚訝的是，痛苦和不確定從未減弱她的光芒，杰西始終保持積極的態(tài)度)”可知，Jessie是一位樂觀的女孩；根據(jù)第三段“Lookingoutattheotherchildrenwhowerealsogoingthroughcancertreatment,sheaskedherparents:“Howcanwehelpthem?”(看著其他同樣在接受癌癥治療的孩)Jessie是一位有同情心的人，因此可用sympathetic和optimistic描述Jessie。故選B?！?題詳解】Though12yearoldJessiehadaslightchanceofbeatingcancer,sheresolvedtomakethemostofhertime.Themorningafterherdiagnosis,Jessiewasatthekitchentablepackingbagsoftoysforothercancerpatients.Thepackagesbecamehospitalsafeplasticjarswithtoys,craftsandactivitiestosurprisechildrenwhiletheyareinthehospitalfortreatment.JoyJars,namedafterJessie’smiddlename,containalittlebitoffunduringordinarydays,butmostlytheycontainalittlebitofJessie’spositiveattitudethatfillstheroomeverytimeoneisopened.(雖然12個早晨，杰西在廚房的桌子旁為其他癌癥患者打包玩具。這些包裹后來變成了醫(yī)院里安全的塑料罐子，里是以杰西的中間名命名的，它們在平常的日子里能帶來些許樂趣，但更重要的是，每打開一個罐子，里面都蘊含著杰西那積極向上的態(tài)度，這種態(tài)度能充滿整個房間)”可知，Jessie在短暫的生命中傳播了快樂，她D選項“Whenlifegivesyoulemons,makelemonade.(有利）)”。故選D。CInapaperpublishedonMarch13inScience,researchersatStanfordUniversityusedmachinelearningtoanalyzedataoficemovementsinAntarcticaforthefirsttime.TheirworkrevealssomeofthefundamentalphysicsgoverningthemovementsoftheAntarcticicesheetandcouldhelpimprovepredictionsabouthowthecontinentwillchangeinthefuture.TheAntarcticicesheet,Earth’slargesticemassandnearlytwicethesizeofAustralia,keepssealevelsstablebystoringfreshwaterasice.understandthemovementoftheAntarcticicesheet,whichisshrinkingmorerapidlyeveryyear,existingmodelshavetypicallyreliedonassumptionsaboutice’smechanicalbehaviorfromlab第7頁/共24頁experiments.“ButAntarctica’siceismuchmoreplicatedthanwhatcanbereproducedinthelab,”saidLai,aprofessorofgeophysicsintheuniversityandseniorauthoronthepaper.“Iceformedfromseawaterhasdifferentproperties,andicesheetsmaycontainlargecracks,airpockets,orotherinconsistenciesthatmovement.”Laiandhercolleaguesbuiltamachinelearningmodeltoanalyzethemovementswithsatelliteimageryandairplaneradar.Theyfoundthatthepartsoftheiceshelvesclosesttothecontinentarebeingpressed(壓縮)andthatthemodelsintheseareasarefairlyconsistentwithlabexperiments.However,mostmodelshaveassumedthatAntarcticicehasthesamephysicalpropertiesinalldirections.Infact,asicegetsfartherfromthecontinent,itstartstobepulledouttosea.Theforcecausestheicetohavedifferentphysicalpropertiesindifferentdirections—aconceptcalledanisotropy(各向異性).“Ourstudyuncoversthatmostoftheiceshelfisanisotropic,”saidfirststudyauthoraresearcherinLai’slab.“Iceinthe5%pressionzonealmosthasthesamepropertywhilefortherest—theextensionzone,itis.Nowbasedonthisnewmethod,weknowthatmodelspredictingthefutureevolutionofAntarcticashouldbeanisotropic.”Next,researchersintendtocontinuetoperfecttheiranalysiswithadditionaldatafromtheAntarcticcontinentandmayusethesefindingstounderstandthestressesthatmaycausecracks.TheyhopetheirmethodswillassistwithmorescientificdiscoveriesandleadtonewcooperationwiththeEarthsciencemunity.8.Whatisthepurposeofmachinelearningintheresearch?A.PredictingthefuturechangesofAntarcticaice.B.AnalyzingthethicknessoftheAntarcticicesheet.C.KnowingthemovementoftheAntarcticicesheet.D.Studyingthephysicalpropertiesoficefromseawater.9.Whyareexistingmodelsoficemovementnotaccurateenough?A.Theyrelytoomuchonthedatafromsatellites.B.Theystresstheimpactofairpocketsandcracks.C.TheyignorethedifferentpropertiesinAntarcticice.D.TheyfailtomeasurethesizeoftheAntarcticicesheet.10.Whatisindicatedintheunderlinedsentence?A.Icebehavesvariablyinalldirections.B.Mosticeshelvesareintheextensionzone.第8頁/共24頁C.Iceinpressionzonematcheslabresults.D.Iceshelvesarepulledoutofthecontinenttosea.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchers’futureplans?A.Theywillbuildmoresatellitemodels.B.Theywillabandontheircurrentmethods.C.TheywillapplythemethodstotheEarthscience.D.Theywillseekmoredatatoimprovetheiranalysis.【答案】8.C9.C10.AD【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了斯坦福大學(xué)研究用機器學(xué)習(xí)分析南極冰運動及后續(xù)計劃?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“InapaperpublishedonMarch13inScience,researchersatStanfordUniversityusedmachinelearningtoanalyzedataoficemovementsinAntarcticaforthefirsttime.TheirworkrevealssomeofthefundamentalphysicsgoverningthemovementsoftheAntarcticicesheetandcouldhelpimprovepredictionsabouthowthecontinentwillchangeinthefuture.(在3月13究人員首次使用機器學(xué)習(xí)來分析南極洲冰運動的數(shù)據(jù)。他們的工作揭示了一些控制南極冰蓋運動的基本物理學(xué)原理，并有助于改進對南極洲未來變化的預(yù)測。)”以及第二段中“understandthemovementoftheAntarcticicesheet,whichisshrinkingmorerapidlyeveryyear,existingmodelshavetypicallyreliedonassumptionsaboutice’smechanicalbehaviorfromlabexperiments.(為了了解每年都在迅速縮小的南極冰蓋的運動情況，現(xiàn)有的模型通常依賴于實驗室實驗中對冰的力學(xué)行為的假設(shè)。)”可知，機器學(xué)習(xí)在這項研究中的目的是了解南極冰蓋的運動。故選C?！?題詳解】“ButAntarctica’siceismuchmoreplicatedthanwhatcanbereproducedinthelab,”saidLai,aprofessorofgeophysicsintheuniversityandseniorauthoronthepaper.“Iceformedfromseawaterhasdifferentproperties,andicesheetsmaycontainlargecracks,airpockets,orotherinconsistenciesthatmovement.”()”以及第四段中“However,mostmodelshaveassumedthatAntarcticicehasthesamephysicalpropertiesinalldirections.()有的冰運動模型不夠準(zhǔn)確是因為它們忽略了南極冰的不同特性。故選C。第9頁/共24頁【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Infact,asicegetsfartherfromthecontinent,itstartstobepulledouttosea.Theforcecausestheicetohavedifferentphysicalpropertiesindifferentdirections—aconceptcalledanisotropy(各向異性).“Ourstudyuncoversthatmostoftheiceshelfisanisotropic,”saidfirststudyauthoraresearcherinLai’slab.“Iceinthe5%pressionzonealmosthasthesamepropertywhilefortherest—theextensionzone,itisnotthecase.Nowbasedonthisnewmethod,weknowthatmodelspredictingthefutureevolutionofAntarcticashouldbeanisotropic.”(事實上，隨著冰層離大陸越來越遠(yuǎn)，它開始被拉向海洋。這種力使冰在不同方向上具有不同的物理特性——5%壓縮區(qū)的冰幾乎具有相同的特性，而其余的——延伸區(qū)，事實并非如此?，F(xiàn)在，基于這種新方法，我們知道預(yù)測南極洲未來演變的模型應(yīng)該)”可知，現(xiàn)在的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)冰架是各向異性的，也就是冰在各個方向上的表現(xiàn)是不同的，5%壓縮區(qū)的冰幾乎具有相同的特性，而其余的——延伸區(qū)，冰在各個方向上的表現(xiàn)是可變的。故選A?！绢}詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Next,researchersintendtocontinuetoperfecttheiranalysiswithadditionaldatafromtheAntarcticcontinentandmayusethesefindingstounderstandthestressesthatmaycausecracks.TheyhopetheirmethodswillassistwithmorescientificdiscoveriesandleadtonewcooperationwiththeEarthsciencemunity.(接下來，研究人員打算利用來自南極大陸的更多數(shù)據(jù)繼續(xù)完善他們的分析，并可能利用這些發(fā)現(xiàn)來了解可能導(dǎo)致裂縫的應(yīng)力。他們希望他們的方法將有助于更多的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，并與地球科學(xué)界建立新的合作。)”可知，研究人員未來的計劃是他們將尋求更多的數(shù)據(jù)來改進他們的分析。故選D。DNeurons(神經(jīng)元)havehistoricallybeenthecellmostassociatedwithmemory.Butfaroutsidethebrain,kidney(腎)cellscanalsostoreinformationandrecognizepatternsinasimilarwaytoneurons,researchersreportNovember7inNaturemunications.Inexperiments,thekidneycellsshowedsignsofa“massedspaceThiswellknownfeatureofhowmemoryworksinthebrainfacilitatesstoringinformationinsmallgroupsovertime,ratherthanabiggroupatonce.Inneurons,whenachemicalsignalpassesthrough,thecellstartsproducingCREB,aproteincentraltomemoryprocessing.Theproteinthenturnsonmoregenesthatfurtherchangethecell,kickstartingthemolecular(分子的)memorymachine.KukushkinandcolleaguessetouttodeterminewhetherCREBinnonneuronalcellsrespondstoiningsignalsthesameway.Theresearchersimplantedanartificialgeneintohumankidneycells,whichincludedinstructionsfor第10頁/共24頁producingaglowingproteinfoundinfireflies(螢火蟲).Theteamthenwatchedthecellsrespondtoartificialchemicalpulsesthatcopythesignalsthatactivatethememoryactivationpathwaysinneurons.“Dependingonhowmuchlighttheglowingproteinproduces,weknowhowstronglythatmemorygenewasturnedon,”Kukushkinsays.“Thismassedspacehasneverbeenseenoutsideabrain,”Kukushkinsays.“Butweproposethatifyougivenonbraincellsplicatedenoughtasks,theymayalsobeabletoformamemory.”NeuroscientistAshokHegdefindsthestudyinterestingasitappliesa.neuroscienceprinciplebroadlytounderstandgeneexpressioninnonneuronalcells.Butit’sunclearhowapplicablethefindingsaretootherkindsofcells,saysHegde.Still,hesaysthisresearchmaysomedayhelpwiththesearchforpotentialdrugstotreathumandisease,especiallythosewherememorylossoccurs.“Maybewecanthinkofcancercellsashavingmemories,andthinkaboutwhattheycanlearnfromthepatternoftreatment,”Kukushkinsays.“Maybeweneedtoconsidernotjusthowmuchdrugwearegivingaperson,butwhatisthetimepatternofthatdrug,justaswethinkabouthowtolearnmoreefficiently.”12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“massedspaceeffect”?A.Ithelpsformlongtermmemoryinbraincells.B.Itenhancesmemoryprocessinginkidneycells.C.Itcontributestostoringinformationinlargeunits.D.Itdemonstrateshowmemoryfunctionsinthebrain.13.Whydidresearchersuseaglowingproteinfromfireflies?A.testthechemicalresistanceofcells.B.visualizethestructureofkidneycells.C.tracktheactivationlevelofmemorygenes.D.copythememoryactivationsignalsinneurons.14.WhatisKukushkin’smainsuggestionforcancertreatment?A.Adoptingshortermedicationcycles.B.Findingefficientlearningstrategies.C.Increasingthetotalamountofdrug.D.Designingthetreatmentscheduleofdrug.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMassedSpaceofNeuronsB.KidneyCells’CapabilitytoStoreMemoryC.TheDiscoveryofaNewProteininKidneyCellsD.TheRoleofCREBProteininMemoryProcessing【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B第11頁/共24頁【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)腎細(xì)胞能夠通過類似神經(jīng)元的“質(zhì)量間隔效應(yīng)”存儲信息，其記憶機制依賴CREB蛋白激活基因表達(dá)，打破了“記憶專屬大腦神經(jīng)元”的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知，并探討了其可能的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，如對癌癥治療的思路轉(zhuǎn)變。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inexperiments,thekidneycellsshowedsignsofa“massedspaceeffect”.Thiswellknownfeatureofhowmemoryworksinthebrainfacilitatesstoringinformationinsmallgroupsovertime,ratherthanabiggroupatonce.(在實驗中，腎細(xì)胞顯示出“質(zhì)量間隔效應(yīng)”的跡象。記憶在大腦中如何運作的這一眾所周知的特征有助于隨著時間的推移將信息存儲在小群體中，而不是一次存儲在一個大群體中)”Massedspace”描述的是記憶在大腦中是如何運作的。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Dependingonhowmuchlighttheglowingproteinproduces,weknowhowstronglythatmemorygenewasturnedon()”可推斷出螢火蟲的發(fā)光蛋白質(zhì)用于檢測基因激活程度。故選C。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Maybeweneedtoconsidernotjusthowmuchdrugwearegivingaperson,butwhatisthetimepatternofthatdrug,justaswethinkabouthowtolearnmoreefficiently.(也許我們不僅要考慮給病人服用多少藥物，還要考慮服藥的時間模式，就像我們考慮如何更有效地學(xué)習(xí)一樣)”可知，Kukushkin關(guān)于癌癥治療建議是考慮藥物的“時間模式”。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Neurons(神經(jīng)元)havehistoricallybeenthecellmostassociatedwithmemory.Butfaroutsidethebrain,kidney(腎)cellscanalsostoreinformationandrecognizepatternsinasimilarwaytoneurons,researchersreportNovember7inNaturemunications.(歷史上，神經(jīng)元一直是與記憶聯(lián)系最緊密的細(xì)胞。但研究人員月7日在《自然通訊》上報告說，遠(yuǎn)在大腦之外，腎細(xì)胞也能以與神經(jīng)元相似的方式存儲信息和識別模)”以及本文主要介紹新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)腎細(xì)胞也能用類似神經(jīng)元的機制存儲信息，及腎細(xì)胞也擁有記憶能力。故B選項“腎細(xì)胞儲存記憶的能力”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ThehistoriccityofSuzhouiscrossedwithcanals.Oldwhitewashedbuildingslinethebanks.AcenturyagosomeofthesewouldhavebeenChaguans,ortraditionalteahouses,wherelocalsgatheredtodiscussthenewsor第12頁/共24頁conductbusiness.____16____TherearedozensofStarbucksoutletsinSuzhou,aswellasothersellers.LastyearChinasurpassedAmerica,beingthecountrywiththemostbrandedshopsintheworld.TheearlyhistoryofinChinaisunclear.ItisreportedthatitwasDaneswhoopenedthefirstshopinthecountryinthe1830s.____17____ThatwaspartlybecausetheQingdynastylookeddownuponforeignersandsoughttopreventtheirinfluence.Acenturylater,LuXun,acelebratedauthor,wrotethathedidn’tdrinkthe“Ialwaysthoughtitwasforthewesterners.”HeandmostotherChinesepeoplepreferredtea.____18____AfterChinaintroducedmarketreformsandopeneduptotheworldinthe1980s,foreignfirmssuchasMaxwellHouseandNestlebroughtinstanttothecountry.Theycateredtolocaltastes,makingtheirmixessweeterandlessbitterthanwhattheysoldelsewhere.Thebiggestcoffeedrinkinggroupwasstillwhitecollarworkersinfirsttiercitiesagedbetween20and40.____19____awiderrangeofthepopulationispartakingthankstotheriseofdomesticchainssellingaffordableTheleaderisLuckinwithover20,000outlets.____20____AcupofbasicLuckinisaboutathirdofthepriceofanequivalentStarbucksoffering.Luckin’ssalesinChinaexceededStarbucks’forthefirsttimein2023.Bothchainsareexpandingintosmallercities.A.Starbucks,byparison,has7,300shops.B.Chinaishometonearly50,000suchoutlets.C.Unfortunately,thedrinkdidn’tcatchonthen.D.Itwastotallyadifferentstoryfiftyyearslater.E.HoldingaStarbuckscupbecameastatussymbolforthem.F.ThismarkedthebeginningofaneweraforinChina.G.visitorsaremorelikelytofindshopsservingadifferentkindofdrink.【答案】16.G17.C18.D19.E20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了咖啡在中國的歷史發(fā)展以及當(dāng)前的市場狀況?！?6題詳解】空前“AcenturyagosomeofthesewouldhavebeenChaguans,ortraditionalteahouses,wherelocalsgatheredtodiscussthenewsorconductbusiness.(一個世紀(jì)以前，其中一些是茶館，或傳統(tǒng)的茶館，當(dāng)?shù)厝司奂谶@里討論新聞或做生意)”說明的是以前人們在茶館聚集，下文“TherearedozensofStarbucksoutletsinSuzhou,aswellasothersellers.LastyearChinasurpassedAmerica,beingthecountrywiththemostbrandedshopsintheworld.(Starbucks第13頁/共24頁國，成為世界上擁有品牌咖啡店最多的國家)”說明中國有很多賣咖啡的門店，G選項“visitorsaremorelikelytofindshopsservingadifferentkindofdrink.(如今，游客們更有可能找到供應(yīng)不同種類飲料的商店)”說明了如今游客可以找到很多賣飲料的店，承接上文的“以前”，引起下文“供應(yīng)不同種類飲料的商店”，因此G選項承上啟下，符合語境，故選G?！?7題詳解】空前“ItisreportedthatitwasDaneswhoopenedthefirstshopinthecountryinthe1830s.(據(jù)報道，19世紀(jì)30年代，丹麥人在該國開設(shè)了第一家咖啡店)”說明了丹麥人開了第一家咖啡店，空后“ThatwaspartlybecausetheQingdynastylookeddownuponforeignersandsoughttopreventtheirinfluence.(部分原因是清朝看不起外國人，并試圖阻止他們的影響)”說明了清朝阻止外國人的影響，由此可見，咖啡當(dāng)時不受歡迎，C選項“Unfortunately,thedrinkdidn’tcatchonthen.()”說明了咖啡沒有流行起來，承上啟下，符合語境，故選C?！?8題詳解】空后“AfterChinaintroducedmarketreformsandopeneduptotheworldinthe1980s,foreignfirmssuchasMaxwellHouseandNestlebroughtinstanttothecountry.(中國在20世紀(jì)80年代實行市場改革并向世界)”說明后來咖啡開始在中國流行開，D選項“Itwastotallyadifferentstoryfiftyyearslater.(50年后，情況完全不同了)”說明了50年后事情發(fā)生了變化，引起下文，符合語境，故選D。【19題詳解】空前“Thebiggestcoffeedrinkinggroupwasstillwhitecollarworkersinfirsttiercitiesagedbetween20and40.(最大的咖啡飲用群體仍然是一線城市20至40歲的白領(lǐng))”說明了白領(lǐng)是最大的咖啡消費群體，空格處也應(yīng)該描述人們喝咖啡這件事，E選項“HoldingaStarbuckscupbecameastatussymbolforthem.(拿著星巴克的杯子成為了他們地位的象征)”中的them承接上文，符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】空前“TheleaderisLuckinwithover20,000outlets.(領(lǐng)頭羊是瑞幸咖啡，擁有超過2萬家門店)”說明了瑞幸有很多門店，空后“AcupofbasicLuckinisaboutathirdofthepriceofanequivalentStarbucksoffering.Luckin’ssalesinChinaexceededStarbucks’forthefirsttimein2023.(一杯瑞幸咖啡的價格大約是星巴2023)應(yīng)該提到星巴克有多少門店，A選項“Starbucks,byparison,has7,300shops.(7300家門店)”說明了星巴克有多少門店，承上啟下，符合語境，故選A。第14頁/共24頁第三部分語言知識運用共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題1分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的、、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項?！癢hywouldyoudosomethinglikethis?”Iaskedasthewomanputherblousebackon.Shelookedatme,____21____.“Imean,I’mverygrateful,”Iadded,“Butitcan’tbenicehavingdozensofmedicalstudents____22____you.”Sheshookherheadandrepliedpeacefully,“It’smywayofsayingthankyou.Thishospitalsavedmylife.I____23____them.”Ilookedathermedicalhistoryinmynotebook.Fifteenyearsago,shewas____24____ofbreastcancer.Thetumor(腫瘤)wasremoved,andthenshereceived____25____.Sevenyearslater,thecancer____26____,andsheunderwentanoperationtoremoveabreast.Itwashardtoimaginethatsomeonesufferingsomuchwouldwillingly____27____themselvestotheshameforbaringherbodytoothers.shejustwantedtorepaytheby____28____tobeapatientformedicalschoolfinals,withoutexpectinganythinginreturn.____29____,Irealizehowmuchmytrainingdependedonsuchselflesspeople.Behindeverysuccessfuldoctorstandanumberof____30____—thosewhodonatetheirbodiesfordissection(解剖),thosewhoallowstudentstoexaminethem,andthosewhosharetheir____31____.Whattheywentthroughisoftentiringorunfortable,yettheyreceivelittle____32____.Theseunsungheroesmakemedicaleducation____33____.Theircontributionsarerarelyacknowledged.However,withoutthem,youngdoctorscouldn’t____34____theirskills.Whiledoctorsmighthelppeople,theywouldn’tbeina(n)____35____todosoifpeoplehadn’thelpedthemfirst.21.A.surprisedB.annoyedC.pleasedD.disappointed22.A.helpingB.detectingC.monitoringD.surrounding23.A.adoreB.oweC.praiseD.treasure24.A.persuadedB.suspectedC.informedD.reminded25.A.surgeryB.encouragementC.adviceD.treatment26.A.remainedB.returnedC.respondedD.recovered27A.subjectB.attachC.applyD.devote28.A.arrangingB.pretendingC.volunteeringD.