漢英法律專業(yè)詞匯

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載漢英法律專業(yè)詞匯（法理、法制史、憲法學(xué)）（一）按照法律規(guī)定accordingtolaw按照確定的份額分享權(quán)力：beentitledtorightsinproportiontohispropershareofthecredit按照確定的份額分擔(dān)義務(wù)：assumeobligationsinproportiontohispropershareofthedebt案例教學(xué)法casesystem案例匯編casebook;casereport;lawreport柏拉圖Plato《保護(hù)人權(quán)與基本自由公約》(1950)ConventionfortheProtectionofHumanRightsandFundamentalFreedoms,1950（羅）被視為bedeemedas被宣布為非法beoutlawed;bedeclaredillegal比較法comparativelaw比較法學(xué)comparativejurisprudence比較法學(xué)派schoolofcomparativejurisprudence比較法制史comparativelegalhistory比較分析法methodofcomparativeanalysis比較刑法comparativepenallaw比較刑法學(xué)comparativepenaljurisprudence必然因果關(guān)系positivecausalrelationship邊緣法學(xué)borderlinejurisprudence變通辦法adaptation;accommodation補(bǔ)充規(guī)定supplementaryprovision補(bǔ)救辦法remedialmeasures不成文法unwrittenlaw不成文憲法unwrittenconstitution不動產(chǎn)所在地法律lawoftheplacewheretherealpropertyissituated;lexlocireiimmobilisci不可分割的權(quán)利impartibleright不可抗力forcemajuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可讓與性inalienability不履行法律義務(wù)non-performanceofobligation不要式行為informalact不要因的法律行為non-causaljuristicact不因?qū)嵭Ф鴨适У臋?quán)利imprescriptibleright不作為abstainfromanact;actofomission部門法departmentlaw部門規(guī)章regulation參照consult參照具體情況inthelightofactualconditions參照原文consulttheoriginal查士丁尼法典CodeJustinian;CodexJustinianus查士丁尼法規(guī)匯編Authenticum超出法律范圍的outsideoflaw超出法律權(quán)限的extralegal超過權(quán)限exceedauthority;beyondjurisdiction成文法writtenlaw成文憲法writtenconstitution沖突法conflictoflaws;rulesofconflict沖突規(guī)則conflictrule;ruleofconflict除（本法）另有規(guī)定外exceptforotherwisestipulated(bythislaw)除外條款provisoryclause除外責(zé)任條款exclusionclause觸犯公共利益encroachonthepublicinterests觸犯國際利益goagainstthestate’sinterests觸犯人民利益encroachontheinterestsofthepeople;goagainstthepeople’sinterests傳統(tǒng)法律觀念traditionalideasoflaw純粹法學(xué)puretheoryoflaw次要法規(guī)bylaw次要規(guī)則secondaryrule從寬解釋原則doctrineofliberalconstruction從權(quán)利accessoryright達(dá)到法定年齡comeofage大（的）法thefundamentallaw大（的）法官LordHighChancellor大（的）法官法院CourtofChancery大陸法系ContinentalLegalSystem大律師barrister《大明律》CriminalLawoftheMingDynasty（中）大陪審團(tuán)grandjury《大清律例》theCriminalLawsoftheQingDynasty(中)《大憲章》(1215)GreatCharter,1215(英)單行法規(guī)specificregulations單一法律體系unitarylegalsystem單一制政府unitarygovernment但書proviso當(dāng)代法學(xué)動向currenttrendofjurisprudence當(dāng)然解釋naturalinterpretation黨紀(jì)國法partydisciplineandthelawofthecountry道德規(guī)范normofmorality道德義務(wù)moralobligation《德國民法典》GermanCivilcode德拉古Draco地方各級人民代表大會localpeople’scongressesatdifferentlevels地方各級人民法院localpeople’scourtsatdifferentlevels地方各級人民檢察院localpeople’sprocuratoratesatdifferentlevels地方各級人民政府localpeople’sgovernmentsatdifferentlevels第二讀secondreading第三讀thirdreading二元論thedualistictheory二元君主立憲制dualconstitutionalmonarchysystem二元論thedualistictheory二元論者dualist二元制bicameralsystem法的本質(zhì)thenatureoflaw法的變化changesoflaw法的定義definitionoflaw法的發(fā)展developmentoflaw法的分類divisionsoflaw法的概念conceptsoflaw法的規(guī)范作用normalizedusageoflaw法的繼承successionoflaw法的精神spiritoflaw法的可預(yù)測性foreseeabilityoflaw法的類型typesoflaw法的歷史類型的更替thereplacementofonehistoricalmodeoflawbyanother法的歷史淵源historicaloriginoflaw法的連續(xù)性continuityoflaw法的內(nèi)容contextsoflaw法的社會作用socialusageoflaw法的生效operationoflaw法的實(shí)現(xiàn)realizationoflaw法的特征characteroflaw法的現(xiàn)象legalphenomenon法的消亡witheringawayoflaw法的形式淵源formalsourceoflaw法的要素elementsoflaw法的淵源sourceoflaw法的職能functionoflaw法的作用roleoflaw法典code;statutebook法典編纂codificationofcodes法定成年人的年齡ageofmajority;legalage法定程序legalprocedure法定處罰statutorypenalty法定代理人：agentadlitem法定解釋statutoryinterpretation法定量刑情節(jié)legallyprescribedcircumstancesofsentencing法定年齡legalage;lawfulage法定年齡限制astatutoryagelimit法定期間prescribedtime法定期限legalterm法定權(quán)利legalright;rightentitledbylaw法定權(quán)限limitsofpowerprescribedbylaw法定人數(shù)quorum法定日appointedday法定時間appointedtime法定時效statutoryprescription法定條件legalcondition法定限制statutoryrestrictions法定效力statutoryforce法定刑legally-prescribedpunishment法定形式legalform法定責(zé)任statutoryduty法定追溯期timeoflegalmemory法定最高刑maximumstatutorypenalty;maximumstatutorysentence法官judge法官的自由裁量權(quán)judge’spowerofdiscretion法官權(quán)力范圍extentofjudge’spower法官心證judge’smentalimpression法官中立原則Nemodebtessejudexinpropriacausa法規(guī)編纂condificationoflawsandregulations法規(guī)的解釋interpretationofstatutes法規(guī)匯編corpusofthelawsandregulations《法國民法典》CodeCiviledeFrancais(法)法理jurisprudence;principleoflaw法理學(xué)家jurisprudent法律保護(hù)legalprotection法律編纂codification法律標(biāo)準(zhǔn)legalstandards法律補(bǔ)救legalredress法律部門legaldepartment法律草案draftregulations法律措施legalmeasures法律大全Corpuslegum法律的本土化和改寫thelocalizationandadaptiionoflaws法律的本質(zhì)essenceoflaw法律的地位positionoflaw法律的定義definitionoflaw法律的廢止abolishmentoflaw法律的公共秩序論publicordertheoryoflaw法律的規(guī)范性normalizationoflaw法律的繼承successionoflaw法律的理想idealoflaw法律的權(quán)威authorityoflaw法律的失效lapseoflaw法律的實(shí)施administrationoflaw;lawenforcement法律的適用applicationoflaw法律的統(tǒng)一unificationoflaw法律的推定presumptionoflaw法律的推理analogyoflaw法律的完整性integrityoflaw法律的效力范圍force’sscaleoflaw法律的效力形式force’sformoflaw法律的修改alterationoflaw法律的演進(jìn)evolutinoflaw法律的原理principleoflaw法律地位平等equalinlegalstatus法律對人的效力personalactoflaw編纂法律方法legalmethodology法律分類classificationoflaw法律賦予權(quán)力authorityconferredbylaw法律改革lawreform法律概念legalconcept法律根據(jù)legalbasis法律工作者legalprofessional漢英法律專業(yè)詞匯（法理、法制史、憲法學(xué)）（二）法律關(guān)系legalrelation法律關(guān)系的運(yùn)行processoflegalrelation法律關(guān)系客體objectoflegalrelation法律關(guān)系主體subjectoflegalrelation法律規(guī)定provisionsoflaw法律規(guī)范normoflaw法律規(guī)范的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)logicalstructureoflegalrule法律規(guī)則體系systemoflegalrules法律含義intendmentoflaw法律另有規(guī)定：otherwisestipulatedbylaw法律現(xiàn)象legalphenomenon法律研究legalresearch法律要件legalrequirement法律依據(jù)legalbasis法律意見legaladvice法律意見書legalopinion法律意識law-consciousness法律意義legalsense法律用語legallanguage法律與正義先驗(yàn)論apriortheoryoflawandjustice法律淵源sourceoflaw法律原本注釋gloss法律原理legaldoctrines法律原則principleoflegality法律援助legalaid法律約束legalbinding;legalrestraint法律責(zé)任legalresponsibility法律責(zé)任的道義基礎(chǔ)moralbasicoflegalobligation法律責(zé)任的歸結(jié)imputatonoflegalresponsibility法律責(zé)任的認(rèn)定determinationoflegalresponsibility法律責(zé)任的執(zhí)行enforcementoflegalresponsibility法律責(zé)任客體objectoflegalresponsibility法律責(zé)任主體subjectoflegalresponsibility法律哲學(xué)philosophyoflaw;philosophiedudroit（法）；philosophiajuris法律政策policyofthelaw法律職業(yè)道德legalethics法律指導(dǎo)legalcounsel法律制裁legalsanction法律制度regimeoflaw;legalsystem法律秩序legalorder法律主體資格capacityasasubjectoflaw法律主張propositionoflaw法律屬地原則territorialityoflaws法律著述legalliterature法律專家legalexpert法律專業(yè)legalprofession法律專著和教科書legaltreatiseandtextbook法律咨詢legaladvice法律尊嚴(yán)legalsanctity法盲legalilliterates法權(quán)right法社會學(xué)sociologyoflaw法系legalsystem法協(xié)會lawsociety法學(xué)jurisprudence法學(xué)博士doctorofjurisprudence法學(xué)導(dǎo)論leadingprinciplesoflaw法學(xué)的范疇體系thesystemofcategoriesofjurisprudence法學(xué)的范疇意識theconsciousnessofcategoryofjurisprudence法學(xué)的基石范疇fundamentalcategoriesofjurisprudence法學(xué)方法methodofjurisprudence法學(xué)方法論methodologyofjurisprudence法學(xué)會lawsociety法學(xué)教科書lawtextbooks法學(xué)理論theoryoflaw;legaltheory法學(xué)權(quán)威anacademicauthorityinlaw法學(xué)士bacheloroflaw法學(xué)體系systemofjurisprudence法學(xué)通論firstprinciplesoflaw法學(xué)院facultyoflaw;lawschool法醫(yī)forensicmedicine法醫(yī)學(xué)forensicmedicine法院court法院調(diào)查judicialinvestigation法院管轄權(quán)competenceofcourt法院管轄以外的extrajudicial法院判決courtdecision法院系統(tǒng)courtstructure法院組織法judicatureact法則articles法哲學(xué)philosophyoflaw法制legalinstitution法制傳統(tǒng)traditionoflawsystem法制的精神spiritoflegality法制的尊嚴(yán)dignityofthelegalsystem法制觀念legalconcept法制觀念淡薄veryweakintheunderstandingoflaw法制教育legaleducation;educationoflegalsystem法制史legalhistory;historyoflegalsystem法治ruleoflaw法治的機(jī)制themechanismofruleoflaw法治的要素theelementofruleoflaw非實(shí)質(zhì)的immaterial非營利的non-profit非約束性條款permissiveprovision廢止法律annulmentoflaw分別管轄權(quán)separatejurisdiction分別財產(chǎn)制separationofpropertyregime分別規(guī)定separateprovision分擔(dān)責(zé)任sharetheresponsibility分工負(fù)責(zé)，互相配合，互相制約divideresponsibilityfortheirownwork;coordinatetheireffortsandcheckeachother分工負(fù)責(zé)制divisionoflaborresponsibilitysystem分級管理differentlevelsholdingdifferentresponsibilities分配制度distributionsystem分析法理學(xué)analyticaljurisprudence否決權(quán)powerveto;vetopower否認(rèn)事實(shí)denialoffacts服從法律amenabletolaw;subjecttothelaw服從判決acceptajudgment符合程序beinorder符合法律beinconformitywithlaw符合憲法constitutionality符合憲法的法律constitutionallaw符合原則beinconformitywiththeprinciple蓋尤斯Gaius概括裁定generalverdict概括繼承g(shù)eneralsuccession干擾司法公正interferencewithcourseofjustice剛性條款entrenchedclause剛性憲法rigidconstitution崗位責(zé)任制postresponsibilitysystem高等法院highcourt;highcourtofjustice高度集中highlycentralize高度民主highlevelofdemocracy高度自治權(quán)highdegreeofautonomy高級法官seniorjudge高級法院superiorcourt高級人民法院HigherPeople’sCourt高級人民檢察院HigherPeople’sProcuratortate擱置setaside;abeyance格式條款clauseofstyle公認(rèn)的行為準(zhǔn)則establishedstandardofconduct規(guī)避法律infraudoflaw規(guī)避義務(wù)evadeobligations規(guī)范的法律規(guī)則normativeruleoflaw規(guī)范法學(xué)normativejurisprudence規(guī)范性法律文件normalizativedocumentoflaw規(guī)范性法律文件的規(guī)范化normalizationofnormativelegaldocument國際法internationallaw國際法學(xué)internationaljurisprudence過錯方tort-feasor;wrongdoer過錯推定原則doctrineofpresumption過錯責(zé)任liabilityforwrongs;tortliability海事法院courtofadmiralty《漢穆拉比法典》CodeofHammurabi合并條款consolidationofprovisions合法的個人財產(chǎn)legalpersonalproperty合法地位legalstatus合法權(quán)益thelawfulrightsandinterests合法行為lawfulacts;legalityofpurpose合憲性constitutionality衡平法equity衡平法規(guī)則ruleofequity衡平法學(xué)equityjurisprudence衡平法院CourtofChancery(美)；CourtofEquity（英）后法取代前法Alaterstatutetakesawaytheeffectofapriorone.后法優(yōu)于前法lexposteriorderogatpriori戶籍所在地：theplacewherehisresidenceisregistered互為因果reciprocalcausation基本法fundamentallaw基本法律規(guī)范basicnormoflaw基本方針basicpolicies基本權(quán)利和義務(wù)basicrightsandduties基本司法概念和假設(shè)basiclegalconceptionandassumption技術(shù)性法規(guī)technicallegalrule家庭法familylaw建立法律關(guān)系createlegalrelations教會法canonlaw《教會法大全》CorpusJurisCanonici教會法學(xué)家decretalists解釋法律的技術(shù)規(guī)則technicalruleofinterpretation解釋權(quán)powerofinterpretation近因immediatecause禁治產(chǎn)人imbecile;interdictedperson經(jīng)常居住地：habitualresidence經(jīng)法律確認(rèn)的ascertainedbylaw經(jīng)法律許可authorizedbylaw經(jīng)驗(yàn)法學(xué)scholastictheoriesoflaw糾問式審判trialbyinspectionorexamination具有法律約束力的文件legallybindinginstrument具有同等效力的withequalauthenticity具有約束力的判例bindingprecedent絕對衡平法absoluteequity君主立憲制度constitutionalmonarchy開羅會議CairoConference凱恩斯主義keynesianism可撤銷的法律行為revocablejuristicact可讓與性alienability可用法律強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的enforceableatlaw可預(yù)見的foreseeable可直接適用的法律directlyapplicablelaw可追溯的retrospective客觀條件objectivecondition客觀因素objectivefactor客體object擴(kuò)充解釋amplifiedinterpretation理論法理學(xué)派theoreticaljurisprudenceschool理性決定說theoryofrationaldecision理性認(rèn)識conceptualknowledge歷史法學(xué)historicaljurisprudence歷史法學(xué)派historicalschooloflaw歷史解釋historicalinterpretation立法機(jī)構(gòu)legislativebody立法權(quán)l(xiāng)aw-makingpower;legislativepower立法委任權(quán)l(xiāng)egislationmandate立法效力legislativeeffect立法議案bills立法者law-maker;legislator立憲constitutionalism利益沖突conflictofinterests利害關(guān)系人interestedperson連帶法律關(guān)系jointlegalrelations連帶責(zé)任jointandseveralobligation論理解釋logicalinterpretation羅馬法RomanLaw;JusRomanum羅馬法系Roman-LawSystem羅馬皇帝優(yōu)士丁尼一世JustinianI羅馬法理學(xué)jurisprudential《羅馬法律匯編》RomanDigest羅馬法學(xué)派schoolofRomanists羅馬－日耳曼法系Roman-Germanicfamily羅馬私法JusPrivatum邏輯解釋logicalinterpretation馬伯里訴麥迪遜案Marburyvs.Madison馬克思主義法律理論Marxism-leninism馬克思主義法學(xué)Marxistjurisprudence馬克思主義法學(xué)家Marxistjurist沒有事實(shí)根據(jù)的unsubstantial美國國際法協(xié)會AmericanInstituteofInternationalLaw美國海事法庭AdmiraltyCourtsoftheU.S.A.美國聯(lián)邦地區(qū)法院UnitedStatesdistrictcourts美國聯(lián)邦法官federaljudge沒有法律依據(jù)的lawless沒有判決先例的案件caseoffirstimpression《民法大全》CorpusJurisCivilis民法典civilcode民法法系Civil-LawSystem民法通則：GeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLaw民法學(xué)scienceofcivillaw民事案件中“占有優(yōu)勢證據(jù)”的原則“byapreponderanceofevidence”incivilcases民事權(quán)利能力：thecapacityforcivilrights民事權(quán)益：civilrightsandinterests民事訴訟法學(xué)CivilProcedureLaw民事制裁civilpunishment;civilsanction民政部門：thecivilaffairsdepartment明代法規(guī)lawsandregulationsofMingDynasty明示或默示的expressorimplied默示表達(dá)communicationbyimplication拿破侖法典TheCodeNapolean內(nèi)部規(guī)章internalregulations納妾制concubinage南京條約(1843)TreatyofNanking,1843擬制理論fictiontheory擬制買賣mancipatio歐洲大陸法continentallaw偶然權(quán)利contingentright偶然因果關(guān)系fortuitouscausalrelationship偶然因素accidentalia偶因accidentalcause排他的權(quán)利righttoexcludeallothers派生的權(quán)利derivedright派生取得derivativeacquisition判例法系CaseLawSystem漢英法律專業(yè)詞匯（法理、法制史、憲法學(xué)）（三）普通法法系Common-LawSystem判例法系CaseLawSystem判例匯編reports;reportsofjudgments普通法commonlaw普通法法系Common-LawSystem普通法上的補(bǔ)償common-lawremedy普通法上的過失common-lawnegligence普通法上的留置權(quán)common-lawlien普通法學(xué)generaljurisprudence強(qiáng)制辦法coercivemethod強(qiáng)制規(guī)定mandatoryprovisions強(qiáng)制性法規(guī)mandatoryruleoflaw強(qiáng)制性條款mandatoryterm侵犯財產(chǎn)權(quán)propertytorts侵權(quán)行為法tortlaw侵權(quán)責(zé)任tortiousliability清理法規(guī)checkuplawsandregulations區(qū)域性法律體系regionalsystemoflaws取證obtainevidence確權(quán)之訴affirmativepetitoryaction;causeforownershipaffirmation確認(rèn)之訴actionforconfirmation;actioconfessoria權(quán)威解釋authenticinterpretation人法humanlaw,statutepersonalia人格減等capitisdeminutio人身不可侵犯inviolabilityoftheperson人身非財產(chǎn)關(guān)系personalnon-propertyrelations人身關(guān)系personalrelation任意解釋arbitraryinterpretation《日耳曼法》Germaniclaw柔性憲法flexibleconstitution三權(quán)分立separationofpowers善意推定presumptionofgoodfaith商法commerciallaw商法典codeofcommerce社會法學(xué)sociologicaljurisprudence社會關(guān)系socialrelations社會規(guī)范socialregulation社會連帶主義法學(xué)socialsolidarismjurisprudence社會契約論theoryofsocialcontract社會團(tuán)體：socialorganization社會主義法學(xué)socialistjurisprudence社會主義法制socialistlegalsystem;socialistruleoflaw神法divinelaw神權(quán)說theoryofdivineright審查制度censorship;inspectionsystem審計監(jiān)督supervisethroughauditing審計監(jiān)督權(quán)powertosupervisethroughauditing生效條款operativeclause失效法律expiredlaws失效日expirydate施行細(xì)則implementaryprovisions實(shí)證主義法學(xué)派thepositivistschool《十二表法》TwelveTables實(shí)體法materiallaw;substantiallaw實(shí)體法上的抗辯substantialdefense實(shí)體權(quán)利substantiveright實(shí)用主義法學(xué)judicialpragmaticism實(shí)在法positivelaw實(shí)在法學(xué)positivejurisprudence實(shí)在法學(xué)派positivist實(shí)在主義法學(xué)positivistjurisprudence實(shí)證法學(xué)positivejurisprudence實(shí)質(zhì)條款materialstipulation實(shí)質(zhì)性的瑕疵defectofsubstance實(shí)質(zhì)性解釋materialinterpretation事實(shí)的推定presumptionoffact事業(yè)單位：institution適用法律referencetothelaw;applicablelaw適用范圍areaofapplication;sphereofapplication適用中國法律：begovernedbythelawofPRC(ThelawofPRCshallapplyto)溯及既往原則doctrineofretroactivity溯及力retrospect;retrospectiveeffect損害賠償damages梭倫Solon彈性憲法elasticconstitution特別程序specialprocedure特別但書specialproviso特別法speciallaw特殊主體specialsubject提案motion;overture;proposal提出抗辯raiseaplea;raiseaplead條約法lawoftreaties同態(tài)復(fù)仇retaliation推定合法presumptionoflegality停止生效ceasetohaveeffect外國法foreignlaw外國法制史foreignlegalhistory外國人待遇foreignertreatment完全民事權(quán)利能力：fullcapacityforcivilconduct完全喪失行為能力的人personentirelyincapableoflegaltransaction完全無行為能力absolutedisability萬民法jusgentium違法構(gòu)成要件essentialconditionofdelict違憲violationofconstitution烏爾比安Ulpianus無國籍人：statelesspersons無條件解釋unconditionalinterpretation無效的法律voidlaw無效法律行為voidact;actwithoutlegaleffect物權(quán)property西塞羅MarcusTulliusCicero習(xí)慣法customlaw細(xì)則detailedrulesandregulations;detailsby-laws狹義解釋narrowdefinition下文另有規(guī)定者除外exceptashereinafterprovided先決條件precedentcondition;prerequisite現(xiàn)實(shí)主義法學(xué)realismjurisprudence現(xiàn)行法律currentlaw;existinglaw限制解釋restrictiveinterpretation憲法的解釋interpretationofconstitution憲法修正案constitutionamendment憲法學(xué)constitutionaljurisprudence相對主義法學(xué)relativistjurisprudence新分析法學(xué)newanalyticaljurisprudence新律NewLaw,Novellae行為規(guī)范codeofconduct學(xué)說編纂thePandekta形式主義法學(xué)formalistjurisprudence亞里士多德Aristotle嚴(yán)格解釋strictinterpretation嚴(yán)重不法行為aggravatedmisconduct;grossmisbehavior嚴(yán)重違法breakthelawonaseriousscale要件importantcondition;essentialcondition一般客體generalobject一般權(quán)利能力generallegalcapacity一般主體generalsubject一事不再理的保證guaranteeagainstdoublejeorpardy依法辦案handlecasesaccordingtolaw依法獨(dú)立行使職權(quán)independentexerciseofpowerswithintheframeworkofthelaw依照法律的規(guī)定asprescribedbylaw以法律為準(zhǔn)繩takelawasthecriterion依法治國genuineruleoflaw;runningthecountryaccordingtolaw義務(wù)性規(guī)范obligatoryrule義務(wù)主體subjectofduty英美法系A(chǔ)nglo-AmericanLegalSystem永恒法eternallaw優(yōu)士丁尼法典theCodexJustinianus優(yōu)士丁尼皇帝Justinian《優(yōu)士丁尼民法大全》（《國法大全》）CorpusJurisCivilis有法必依ensurethatlawsareobserved有法律約束力legallybinding有條件解釋conditionalinterpretation有效期間timeofeffect;termofvalidity與法律規(guī)定不符againsttheformsofthestatute與法律相抵觸的行為actgoingagainstthelaw域外效力extraterritorialeffect援引法律條文invokealegalprovision（古羅馬的）元老院theSenate約束力binding;bindingeffect在法律的范圍內(nèi)withinthelaw暫行條例interimregulations;provisionalregulation整體法學(xué)integrativejurisprudence正當(dāng)權(quán)益justifiedrights;legitimateinterests正式解釋officialinterpretation正式淵源formalsource政法學(xué)院instituteofpoliticalscienceandlaw知法犯法deliberatelybreakthelaw執(zhí)法必嚴(yán)ensurethatlaw’senforcementbestrict執(zhí)法人員lawenforcementofficials執(zhí)行權(quán)enforcementpower直接故意actualintent;directintent直接后果immediateconsequence直接客體directobject直接主體directsubject制定法statute制憲權(quán)constituentpower治外法權(quán)extraterritoriality;extraterritorialjurisdiction中端時效interrupttherunningofthestatuteoflimitation中國大陸的法律lawofChina’smainland中國法制Chineselegalsystem中國法制史Chineselegalhistory中國特色的社會主義法制socialistlegalsystemwithChinesecharacter中華法系Chineselegalsystem《中華人民共和國香港特別行政區(qū)基本法》theBasiclawofHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina主要法律體系principallegalsystem自然法naturallaw自然法學(xué)派naturallawschool組成合議庭開庭審理：formacollegialpaneltoconductthetrial最高國家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)highestorganofstatepower最高人民法院的解釋interpretationofsupremepeople’scourt遵循先例原則TheDoctrineofStare作為或不作為actoromission漢英法律專業(yè)詞匯（民商法學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)）民商法學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)CivilLaws,CommercialLawsandEconomicLaws按照出資比例：inproportiontoone’srespectivecontributionstotheinvestment辦理注銷登記：canceltheregistration被代理人：theprincipal被侵權(quán)人theinfringed本人名義：inone’sname標(biāo)的subjectmatter補(bǔ)償制度compensationsystem不動產(chǎn)登記制LotandBlockSystem財產(chǎn)法propertylaw財產(chǎn)的添附accretionofproperty;propertyaccession財產(chǎn)抵押權(quán)propertymortgage財產(chǎn)繼承權(quán)：therightofinheritance財產(chǎn)關(guān)系和人身關(guān)系：propertyrelationshipsandpersonalrelationships財產(chǎn)管理人propertyadministrator;custodianofproperty財產(chǎn)混同confusion;hotchpot財產(chǎn)留置權(quán)encumbrance采用書面形式：inwriting倉單warehousevoucher草簽合同initialacontract;signareferendumcontract;adreferendumcontract長期合同long-termcontract償付能力solvencycapabilityofreimbursement超越代理權(quán)：beyondthescopeofone’spowerofagency撤消合同cancellationofcontract撤銷合同cancelacontract;rescindacontract;avoidacontract撤銷權(quán)rightofrescission;rightofrevocation撤銷要約revocationofoffer;revokeanoffer撤銷遺贈cancellationowill;revocationiofwill承運(yùn)人actualfaultofthecarrier承運(yùn)人的留置權(quán)carrier’slien誠信原則principleofgoodfaith誠實(shí)信用原則：principlehonestyandcredibility;principleofhonestryandgoodfaith;goodfaithprinciple;bonafideprinciple船舶承租人charterer船舶抵押權(quán)rightofmortgagewithrespecttoaship;mortageoftheship;shipmortgage船舶抵押權(quán)的設(shè)定establishmentofmortgageoftheship船舶抵押的消滅extinguishmentsofthemortgageoftheship船舶抵押權(quán)登記registrationofshipmortgage船舶留置權(quán)possessorylien;lienofship村民委員會：thevillagecommittee懲罰性的損害賠償punitivedamages乘人之危：takeadvantageofone’sunfavorableposition處分財產(chǎn)disposeofproperties處分權(quán)actofdisposition處分原則principleofdisposition代理民事活動：berepresentedincivilactivitiesby代理權(quán)終止：theexpirationofone’spowerofagency單獨(dú)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任undividedresponsibility單方法律行為unilateralobligation單方行政行為unilateraladministrativeact等價有償：makingcompensationforequalvalue對等原則principleofreciprocity對價consideration對抗措施countermeasure對人權(quán)rightinpersonam;personalright對世權(quán)realright;rightinrem惡意串通：conspiremaliciously惡意行為illwillmalafides法人judicialperson;legalbody法人的權(quán)利能力legalcapacityofjuristicperson法人的責(zé)任能力capacityforresponsibilityofjuristicperson法人權(quán)限corporatepower法人人格corporatepersonality法人身份statusofalegalperson法人團(tuán)體corporation法人資格corporatecapacity法人組織章程：thearticlesofassociationofthelegalperson負(fù)共同連帶責(zé)任liablejointlyandseverally負(fù)全部責(zé)任bearallresponsibilities;inallcharge負(fù)有解釋的義務(wù)accountable負(fù)有連帶義務(wù)的每個債務(wù)人：eachofthejointdebtors附帶的條件incident附帶要求contingentclaim附帶原因contributorycause;inherentcause附條件的民事法律行為：conditionalciviljuristicacts附條件的權(quán)利conditionalright賦予權(quán)力entitle個體工商戶：individualbusinesses個人合伙：individualpartnership各盡所能，按勞分配fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohisneeds給付定金：leaveadepositwiththeotherparty工商行政管理機(jī)關(guān)：theadministrativeagencyforindustryandcommerce公民基本義務(wù)fundamentaldutiesofcitizens合同contract合同法contractlaw合同副本copiesofthecontract合同規(guī)定contractprovisions/stipulations合同履行地法lexlocicontractus合同期限contractperiod(orcontractterm)合同條款contractterms(orcontractclause)合同有效期contractlife合同正本originalsofthecontract合伙人：partners合議制collegialsystem核準(zhǔn)登記的經(jīng)營范圍：withintherangeapprovedandregistered恢復(fù)原狀recoveryoforiginalstate;restitution;restorationofheoriginalconditions;retitutioinintegrum集體所有制企業(yè)：anenterpriseundercollectiveownership技術(shù)合同糾紛案件controversyoveratechnologycontract監(jiān)護(hù)人：guardian經(jīng)主管機(jī)關(guān)核準(zhǔn)登記：approvedandregisteredbythecompetentauthority居民委員會：theneighborhoodcommittee履行監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)：fulfilldutyofguardianship埋藏物、隱藏物：buriedorconcealedobject買賣、出租、抵押、轉(zhuǎn)讓：besold,leased,mortgagedortransferred農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營戶：leaseholdingfarmhouseholds平等主體：civilsubjectswithequalstatus企業(yè)法人被撤銷：thedissolutionofanenterpriseaslegalperson企業(yè)法人分立、合并：thedivisionandmergerofanenterpriseaslegalperson企業(yè)法人解散：disbandingofanenterpriseaslegalperson契約自由libertyofcontract取得不當(dāng)?shù)美簆rofitsacquiredimproperlyandwithoutalawfulbasis取得法人資格：bequalifiedasalegalperson全民所有制企業(yè)：anenterpriseownedbythewholepeople讓與alien;alienate;assign;cede讓與的利益benefitofcession讓與權(quán)benefitofcessioni設(shè)定義務(wù)的規(guī)則ruleofimposingduty設(shè)立、變更、終止民事關(guān)系：establish,changeorterminatecivilrelationship所有權(quán)ownership書面合同awrittencontract雙倍返還定金：repaythedepositindouble雙方法律行為bilaterallegaltransaction擅自變更或者解除（民事法律行為）：alterorrescindone’sactarbitrarily他物權(quán)rightoverthepropertyofanother提供一定的財產(chǎn)作為抵押物：offeraspecificpropertyasapledge違反合同breachofcontract委托代理：entrustedagency委托代理人：anentrustedagent無過錯責(zé)任liabilitywithoutnegligence無民事行為能力人：apersonhavingnocapacityforcivilconduct無因管理：actasmanagerorprovideservicesinordertoprotectanotherperson’sinterestswhenheisnotlegallyorcontractuallyobligatedtodoso下落不明one’swhereaboutshavebeenunknown限制民事行為能力人：apersonwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct享有連帶權(quán)利的每個債權(quán)人：eachofthejointcreditors行使代理權(quán)：exercisethepowerofagency宣告為無（限制）民事行為能力人：declare…tobeapersontobewithoutorwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct遺失物、漂流物：lost-and-foundobjects,flotsam以抵押物折價或者以變賣抵押物的價款優(yōu)先得到償還：tokeepthepledgetooffsetthedebtorhavepriorityinsatisfyinghisclaimoutoftheproceedsfromthesaleofthepledge以合法形式掩蓋非法目的：performundertheguiseoflegitimateactswhichconcealillegitimatepurposes以欺詐、脅迫的手段：asaresultofcheatingorcoercion意思表示showone’sintention意思表示真實(shí)：theintentionexpressedisgenuine優(yōu)先購買的權(quán)利：arightofpre-emption優(yōu)先權(quán)priority,preemptiveright有過錯的一方：theerringparty有連帶責(zé)任的conjunctlyandseverally有權(quán)向債務(wù)人追償：havetherighttoclaimrepaymentfromthedebto造成財產(chǎn)損失：causeanypropertyloss責(zé)任能力capacityforresponsibility責(zé)任年齡capacityofresponsibility;yearofdiscretion債的標(biāo)的objectofobligation債的發(fā)生creationofobligation債的消滅extinctionofobligation占有人有權(quán)留置該財產(chǎn)：thepossessorshallhavealienontheproperty指定代理：appointedagency執(zhí)行合同carryoutacontract,execute/implement/fulfill/performacontract主要辦事機(jī)構(gòu)：themainadministrativeoffice追償：claimcompensationfrom住所：domicile漢英法律專業(yè)詞匯（民商事通用語)1、民法通則：GeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLaw2、民事權(quán)益：civilrightsandinterests3、平等主體：civilsubjectswithequalstatus4、財產(chǎn)關(guān)系和人身關(guān)系：propertyrelationshipsandpersonalrelationships5、等價有償：makingcompensationforequalvalue6、誠實(shí)信用：honestyandcredibility7、適用中國法律：begovernedbythelawofPRC(ThelawofPRCshallapplyto)8、法律另有規(guī)定：otherwisestipulatedbylaw9、無國籍人：statelesspersons10、民事權(quán)利能力：thecapacityforcivilrights11、完全民事權(quán)利能力：fullcapacityforcivilconduct12、限制民事行為能力人：apersonwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct13、無民事行為能力人：apersonhavingnocapacityforcivilconduct14、法定代理人：agentadlitem15、代理民事活動：berepresentedincivilactivitiesby16、監(jiān)護(hù)人：guardian17、戶籍所在地：theplacewherehisresidenceisregistered18、住所：domicile19、經(jīng)常居住地：habitualresidence20、居民委員會：theneighborhoodcommittee21、村民委員會：thevillagecommittee22、民政部門：thecivilaffairsdepartment23、履行監(jiān)護(hù)職責(zé)：fulfilldutyofguardianship24、承擔(dān)責(zé)任：beheldresponsible25、造成財產(chǎn)損失：causeanypropertyloss26、宣告為無（限制）民事行為能力人：declare…tobeapersontobewithoutorwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct27、下落不明one’swhereaboutshavebeenunknown28、個體工商戶：individualbusinesses29、農(nóng)村承包經(jīng)營戶：leaseholdingfarmhouseholds30、個人合伙：individualpartnership31、合伙人：partnerss32、承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任：bearcivilliabilityfor33、按照出資比例：inproportiontoone’srespectivecontributionstotheinvestment34、承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任：undertakejointliabilityfor35、追償：claimcompensationfrom36、法人：legalperson37、法人組織章程：thearticlesofassociationofthelegalperson38、主要辦事機(jī)構(gòu)：themainadministrativeoffice39、全民所有制企業(yè)：anenterpriseownedbythewholepeople40、集體所有制企業(yè)：anenterpriseundercollectiveownership41、經(jīng)主管機(jī)關(guān)核準(zhǔn)登記：approvedandregisteredbythecompetentauthority42、工商行政管理機(jī)關(guān)：theadministrativeagencyforindustryandcommerce43、核準(zhǔn)登記的經(jīng)營范圍：withintherangeapprovedandregistered44、企業(yè)法人分立、合并：thedivisionandmergerofanenterpriseaslegalperson45、權(quán)利和義務(wù)：therightsandobligations46、辦理注銷登記：canceltheregistration47、企業(yè)法人解散：disbandingofanenterpriseaslegalperson48、企業(yè)法人被撤銷：thedissolutionofanenterpriseaslegalperson49、事業(yè)單位：institution50、社會團(tuán)體：socialorganization51、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體：economicentity52、取得法人資格：bequalifiedasalegalperson53、意思表示真實(shí)：theintentionexpressedisgenuine54、擅自變更或者解除（民事法律行為）：alterorrescindone’sactarbitrarily55、以欺詐、脅迫的手段：asaresultofcheatingorcoercion56、乘人之危：takeadvantageofone’sunfavorableposition57、以合法形式掩蓋非法目的：performundertheguiseoflegitimateactswhichconcealillegitimatepurposes58、具有法律約束力：belegallybinding59、請求人民法院或者仲裁機(jī)關(guān)予以變更：requestapeople’scourtoranarbitrationagencytoalter60、惡意串通：conspiremaliciously61、有過錯的一方：theerringparty62、附條件的民事法律行為：conditionalciviljuristicacts63、委托代理：entrustedagency64、法定代理：statutoryagency65、指定代理：appointedagency66、委托代理人：anentrustedagent67、被代理人：theprincipal68、行使代理權(quán)：exercisethepowerofagency69、采用書面形式：inwriting70、超越代理權(quán)：beyondthescopeofone’spowerofagency71、代理權(quán)終止：theexpirationofone’spowerofagency72、本人名義：inone’sname73、查封、扣押、凍結(jié)、沒收