小升初專項(xiàng)突破之語法精講（含典型例題）-1

小升初語法易錯(cuò)題專項(xiàng)突破系列專題七時(shí)態(tài)綜合★★★一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性或真理性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與“always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never，every＋時(shí)間詞”等時(shí)間狀語連用。如果句子中的主語是第一、第二人稱或其他復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，動(dòng)詞用原形；如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)形式或其他表示單數(shù)概念的名詞，動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例：Ilikeplaythepiano.Icanplayitwell.Wefinishourhomeworkontimeathomeeveryday.Healwaysgoestoschoolatabout7:00inthemorning.Sheis20yearsold.Theearthisround.二、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加s。例：read→reads，play→plays2.以s，x，o，sh，ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加es。例：go→goes，wash→washes3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y改為i再加es。例：study→studies，fly→flies4.特殊形式。例：have→has，be→is三、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1.be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語+be+not+其它。例：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be+主語+其它。例：Areyouastudent?Yes,Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。例：Whereismybike?2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語+don't(doesn't)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑問句：Do(Does)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。例：Doyouoftenplayfootball?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。例：Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。例：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?典例精講：1.Myfather___________(be)athometoday.2.JaneandJoe___________(be)students.They___________(be)intheparknow.3.___________(be)youabusdriver?4.Weoften___________(play)ontheplayground.5.He___________(get)upatsixo'clockeveryday.6.___________(do)you___________(brush)yourteetheverymorning?7.What___________heusually___________afterschool?(do)8.Danny___________(study)English,Chinese,maths,scienceandartatschool.9.Mikesometimes___________(go)totheparkwithhissister.10.___________(do)Mike___________(read)Englisheveryday?11.Howmanylessons___________(do)yourclassmates___________(have)onMonday?12.Whattime___________hismother___________thehousework?(do)Key:1.is2.are;are3.Are4.play5.gets6.Do;brush7.does;do8.studies9.goes10.Does;read11.do;have12.does;do★★★一般過去時(shí)一、用法表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。二、時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞：yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday,justnow,attheageof,last(week,year,night,month),oneday,onceuponatime,thismorning,before,longlongago三、過去時(shí)的兩種形式1.be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)主語+was/were+形容詞/名詞/地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間(過去的狀態(tài))2.實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)主語+謂語+地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間(過去的行為)3.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：am和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(wasnot=wasn’t)are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=weren’t)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is,am,are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。4.句中有行為動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子否定句：didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形例：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形。例：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問句疑問詞What/When/Where+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形?例：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?Whendidtheysleep?Wheredidyoubuythisdress?疑問詞是Who時(shí)：Who+動(dòng)詞過去式?例：Whowenttohomeyesterday?四、動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加ed，例：pullpulled,cookcooked2.結(jié)尾是e加d例：tastetasted3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加ed例：stopstopped4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加ed例：studystudied典例精講：一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.___________you___________(water)theflowersyesterday.2.SuHai___________(go)forawalklastSunday.3.Mikedidn’t___________(finish)hishomeworkyesterday.4.I___________(pick)applesonthetreelastmonth.5.I___________(is)tenyearsoldlastyear.6.Onthatday,I___________(blow)thecandlesout.Key:1.Did;water2.went3.finish4.picked5.was6.blew二、單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.I___________presentsformyparentsyesterday. A.buyed B.bought C.buying()2.Susan___________swimmingyesterday. A.go B.goes C.went()3.Danny___________breakfastfivetimeslastweek.A.eat B.ate C.eated()4.LastSunday___________TreePlantingDay. A.is B.were C.wasKey:BCBC★★★現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一、用法表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事情，常與now,today,atpresent等時(shí)間狀語連用。例：I’mreadinginbednow.我正在床上看書。Itissnowingatpresent.天正在下雪。二、時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞now,listen,look等三、構(gòu)成1.肯定句be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞(ing)形式例：IamwatchingTV.Sheisdoingherhomework.Theyaresinging.2.否定句be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)+not+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞(ing)形式例：IamnotwatchingTV.Sheisnotdoingherhomework.Theyarenotsinging.3.一般疑問句Be動(dòng)詞(Am,Is,Are)+主語+動(dòng)詞(ing)+其他+?例：AmIwatchingTV?Isshedoingherhomework?Aretheysinging?4.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句?例：WhoiswatchingTVnow?Whatisshedoing?Wherearetheysinging?四、動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加ing例：cookcooking2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing例：makemaking,tastetasting3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing例：runrunning,stopstopping典例精講：一、用所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。1.___________you___________(fly)akite?Yes,___________.2.___________you___________(sit)intheboat?3.___________he___________(talk)withme?4.We___________(play)footballnow.5.What___________you___________(do)?Key:1.Are;flying;Iam2.Are;sitting3.Is;talking4.areplaying5.are;doing二、單項(xiàng)選擇。

()1.Look.Lucyis___________anewbiketoday.A.jumping B.running C.riding Dtaking()2.Thechildren___________football.A.isplaying B.areplaying C.playthe D.playa()3.They___________TVintheevening.Theydotheirhomework. A.arewatching B.can’twatching C.don’twatch D.don’twatchingKey:CBA★★★一般將來時(shí)一、用法表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon(馬上),thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、構(gòu)成1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)①主語+begoingto+do②主語+will+do.2.否定句在be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are）后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。例：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.Iwillhaveapicnicthisafternoon.→Iwillnothaveapicnicthisafternoon.=Iwon’thaveapicnicthisafternoon.3.一般疑問句be或will提到句首，some改為any,and改為or，第一二人稱互換。例：Wearegoingtogoonapicnicthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonapicnicthisweekend?Wewillgoonapicnicthisweekend.→Willyougoonapicnicthisweekend.4.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句例：Whatareyougoingtodotonight?Whatwillyoudotonight?典例精講：1.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改為否定句）Nancy___________goingtogocam