大學(xué)英語四六級寫作翻譯部分高頻常用詞匯

優(yōu)秀學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載優(yōu)秀學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載優(yōu)秀學(xué)習(xí)資料歡迎下載寫作&翻譯部分高頻常用詞匯1.befedupwithsth.厭煩某事2.beyondexpression無法形容3.take...forgranted把......認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然4.boastof/aboutsth.自夸，吹牛，自吹自擂5.beashamedof(=be/feelshame,guiltorsorrowbecauseofsth.done)以…...為羞恥6.accusesb.ofsth.=chargesth.withsb.(blamesb.forsth.；blamesth.onsb.)指控/控告某人做了某事complain（tosb）of/aboutsth.向......抱怨......beawareof=beconsciousof[havingknowledgeorawareness/consciousness]beawarethat=beconsciousthat意識到，注意到，知道adapt：①tochangesth.inordertomakeitsuitableforanewuseorsituation②tochangeyourbehaviourinordertodealmoresuccessfullywithanewsituation③tochangeabookorplaysothatitcanbemadeintoaplay/film，movie/televisionprogrammeect.adaptoneselfto(=adjustoneselfto)使自己適應(yīng)或習(xí)慣于某事adaptto=adjusttoadaptfor/adapt…(for)把......改成......；為......改......；改編；改寫(以適應(yīng)新的需要)(=makesth.suitableforanewneed)adjust...(to)調(diào)節(jié)(=changeslightly)；適應(yīng)intheair①（謠言等）傳開，流行開來；②不肯定，不具體，懸而未決；③在空中，渺茫，在戶外，在野外。10.seetoitthat務(wù)必（做到），保證（=tomakesurethat...）11.bebasedon/upon基于......onaregular/permanent/part-time/temporarybasis以定期/永久/兼職/臨時(shí)性的方式onthebasisof根據(jù)......,在......基礎(chǔ)上lastbutone倒數(shù)第二apologizetosb.forsth.為某事向某人道歉offer/make/demand/acceptanapology主動道歉/致歉/要求/接受道歉bychance=byaccident=accidentally偶然地，意外地withoutaccident=safely安全地15.forthesakeofsb./sth.=forsb’s/sth’ssake為了......的緣故，為了......起見，看在......的份上beinvolvedinsth.涉及，與......有關(guān)系/關(guān)聯(lián)involvesb.in（doing）sth.把某人牽涉（或牽扯）到某事里attitudetowards/to…對…...的態(tài)度/看法haveagood/bad/positive/negativeattitudetowardssb./sth.對某人（或某事）持好的/壞的/肯定的/否定的態(tài)度onbehalfofsb.=onsb’sbehalf為了…...的利益；代表…...inbehalfofsb.=insb’sbehalf為幫助某人19.inbulk成批地，散裝，大量；整批，整個(gè)地，不加包裝；成堆；成塊20.forthebetter好轉(zhuǎn)，向好的方向發(fā)展（=lookup）21.inblossom開花（常指樹木，特指果樹）beinblossom開花(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))comeintoblossom開花(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作)22.becertainof=besureof有把握，一定23.bebusywithsth.忙于某事......bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事(=beengagedin(doing)sth.=beemployedin(doing)sth.)24.attach(to)(=tofix,fasten；join)縛上；系上；貼上attach...to...把......固定，把......附上（在......上）attachimportance/significance/value/weightetc.(tosth.)認(rèn)為有重要性/意義/價(jià)值/分量等；重視25.freeofcharge免費(fèi)；分文不取（=forfree）26.presideover/atsth.主持（會議、儀式等）；管理，對（某事物）負(fù)有責(zé)任27.beinferiorto低于……，劣(等)于besuperiorto比……更優(yōu)越，優(yōu)越于，不受誘惑，不屈服于；勝；強(qiáng)似28.answerto=conformto適合，適應(yīng)，符合；（對......）有反應(yīng)29.centerone’sattentionon(=focusone’sattentionon)把某人的注意力集中在......上centeron=focuson30.beaccustomedtodoing/n.=beusedtodoing/n.=beinthehabitofdoing/n.習(xí)慣于......【拓展】setanexampleto給......樹立榜樣beaddictedto沉溺于......，對......上癮devoteto獻(xiàn)身，致力于......beequalto與......相當(dāng)，有能力勝任......的getdownto開始做某事，認(rèn)真處理某事holdto忠于......，堅(jiān)持，遵循lookforwardto盼望，期待leadto導(dǎo)致thanksto多虧（了）；由于besubjectto服從；隸屬；易遭\受\患beseniorto年齡長于......doharmto對......有害處showhonorto向......表示敬意respondto回答；對......作出回應(yīng)turnablindeyeto對......視而不見turnadeafearto對......充耳不聞lookupto尊敬contributeto對......作貢獻(xiàn)；有助于31.onone’sownaccount①為了某人的緣故，為自身利益②(=byoneself=onone’sown)依靠自己③(=atone’sownrisk)自行負(fù)責(zé)32.allowfor=take（sth./sb.）intoconsideration=take(sth.)intoaccount估計(jì)到，考慮到，把......考慮進(jìn)去；將……計(jì)算在內(nèi)；為……酌留余地33.approveof=beinfavorof=favor=consentto=agreeto=right贊成【Note】approvevt.&vi.贊成，同意vt.批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可；核準(zhǔn)；為……提供證據(jù)vi.贊同；稱許；稱贊；滿意、喜歡(of)34.makeanattemptatdoingsth./todosth.試圖做......35.inadvance預(yù)告，事先(beforethetimethatisexpected;beforesthhappens)36.aheadof在......之前，超過......Eg:aheadoftime提前37.①inanycase(=forloveormoney,atanyrate,atanyprice,atanycost,whateverhappens；anyhow)無論如何；不管怎樣②incase(=forfearthat)萬一；③incaseof(=intheeventof)如果發(fā)生......萬一；④inthecaseof至于......，就......而言（=intermsof）；⑤innocase在任何情況下都不【注意】放句首時(shí)句子要倒裝。38.①givesb.anaccountof說明，解釋(理由)；②accountfor(=giveanexplanationorreasonfor)解釋，說明；(在數(shù)量、比例方面)占；對......負(fù)責(zé)③onaccountof(=becauseof)由于，因?yàn)椋虎躱nnoaccount(=innocase,fornoreason)絕不要，無論如何不要【注意】放句首時(shí)句子要倒裝。39.adhereto(=abideby=conformto=complywith=clingto=insiston[?d?hi?]=persistin=observe=opinion=belief)粘附；堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)信；遵循，遵從，遵守40.①takeadvantageof=makethebestof=profitfrom=makeuseof=utilize[?ju:tilaiz]（vt.）=harness[?hɑ:nis]（vt.）利用②haveanadvantageover勝過，優(yōu)于③havetheadvantageof優(yōu)勢(較......有利)④havetheadvantageofsb知道某人所不知道的事⑤toadvantage有利，使優(yōu)點(diǎn)更加突出地41.①aboveall=especially=mostimportantofall尤其是，最重要的是；②afterall畢竟，到底；③(not)atall一點(diǎn)也不；④firstofall首先；⑤allinall大體上說；從各方面考慮；⑥beallin累極了；⑦inall(=countingeveryoneoreverything,altogether)總共，總計(jì)；⑧allatonce=suddenly突然；⑨onceandforall只此一次；徹底地；一勞永逸地；⑩allbut幾乎，差不多。beacquaintedwithsb./sth.熟悉；了解acquaint[??kweint]（vt.）使熟悉；使認(rèn)識43.believein=trustin相信，依賴，信仰believeitornot信不信由你44.benefit(from)受益，得到好處forthebenefitof為了......的利益(好處)givebirthto出生，生育bybirth在出生上，論出身，按血統(tǒng)atbirth出生時(shí)outofbreath喘不過氣來holdone’sbreath閉氣，屏氣；屏息以待，焦急地等待arriveon到達(dá)；arriveat到達(dá)某地(小地方)；得出，作出；arrivein到達(dá)某地(大地方)；reach+spl.ontheaverage(=onaverage=onanaverage)平均beat…at在......運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目上打贏【Note】beatsb.winsth.blamesb.forsth.因......責(zé)備某人blamesth.onsb.把......推在某人身上lay/puttheblamefor(sth.)(onsb.)把某事歸咎于某人betoblame(forsth.)......負(fù)有責(zé)任51.getthebetterofsth.打敗(=defeatsb.)，克服，占上風(fēng)，勝過......52.acton奉行，按照......行動/行事；對…...起作用actas擔(dān)任；充當(dāng)；扮演；actfor代理53.agreewith（sb.）贊同(某人意見)agreeto同意inagreement(with)同意，按照(與......一致；與......相符合；符合)atthebackof在.......的后面；inthebackof在......后部(里面)；onthebackof緊跟著；在......之外(常用以表示接二連三的災(zāi)禍)；beonone’sback臥病不起(=beillinbed)；atone’sback支持，維護(hù)(=supportingorfavoringsb.)；havesb.atone’sback有......支持，有......作后臺；turnone’sbackonsb.不理睬(某人)，背棄，拋棄；(=turnawayfromsb.inanimpoliteway)；behindone’sback背著某人(說壞話)；putone’sbackintosth.全力以赴做某事，發(fā)奮干某事onboard到船上，在船[火車，飛機(jī)，汽車]上；已裝船adjacent[??d?eis?nt]毗鄰的，臨近的(=nextto,closeto)（be）adjacenttotakethefloor起步跳舞；起立發(fā)言admitof容許；有......的可能（指解決辦法，解釋等）；有......的余地(=becapableof,leaveroomfor)當(dāng)admit用于被動語態(tài)時(shí)，一般為beadmittedtosth，意思是允許接受或者接納。Eg:Hisdreamwastobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.answerfor對......負(fù)責(zé)，為......擔(dān)保，因......受責(zé)備(=undertake/acceptresponsibilityorblamefor,beliablefor,takechargefor)beliableto易于......的；有......傾向的60.attendto注意；專心于；照料(=giveone’sattention,careandthought)

attendon(upon)照顧；侍候(=waitupon,serve,lookafter)61.butfor要不是，倘沒有（表示假設(shè)）(=without)62.onbusiness出差（辦事）beinbusiness準(zhǔn)備就緒outofbusiness停業(yè)；歇業(yè)63.beanxiousabout為......焦急不安；為......而憂慮beanxiousfor渴望；擔(dān)憂beanxiousforsb.todosth.assuresb.ofsth.向…...保證，使（某人）確信（某事）65.(be)abundantin豐富的，富裕的，富于，富有(=berichin=bewellsuppliedwith)66.appealtosb.forsth.為某事向某人呼吁appealtosb.對某人有吸引力67.amountto總計(jì)，等于；意味著；發(fā)展成；折合【Note】equaladj.相等的，平等的；平穩(wěn)的；勢均力敵的；勝任的vt.等于；比得上；使相等；同樣看待n.同樣的人；相等的數(shù)量；能與之比擬的東西；（地位、實(shí)力等）相同的人applytosb.forsth.為某事向某人申請；applyfor申請；applyto與......有關(guān)；適用于；運(yùn)用于；致力于，專心于；涂抹，貼69.atwill隨心所欲70.arisefrom起因于；產(chǎn)生于，由......而產(chǎn)生(=becausedby)71.becautiousof留心......，謹(jǐn)防…...72.atthethoughtof一想到......（就）73.arrangeforsb./sth.todosth.安排......做......74.attribute…to…把歸因于......，認(rèn)為......是......的結(jié)果75.ofone’sownaccord自愿地，主動地，自行(=withoutbeingasked；willingly；freely)becapableof能夠，有能力becapableofbeing+過去分詞：是能夠被......的77.beginwith以......開始tobeginwith首先，第一(=firstofall)78.inaccordwith與......一致outofone’saccordwith同......不一致withoneaccord一致地；一致同意地(=witheverybodyagreeing)inaccordancewith依照，根據(jù)(=inagreementwith)forcertainof肯定地，有把握地(=forsure)asawhole=ingeneral就整體而論，大體上；一般來說；通常buysth.for...money用多少錢買haveaccess（to）能接近，進(jìn)入（某地的）方法，了解，通路compare...with...把......和......進(jìn)行比較compare...to...把......比作......previousto在......之前priorto在......之前submit...to把......交給beinvolvedin涉及，專心；卷入atthemercyof任......擺布，在......支配下，在......前毫無辦法bejealousof=beenviousof嫉妒，羨慕acquireatastefor=beinterestedin對......感興趣getupsetover...因?yàn)?.....而煩惱，因......而心煩意亂的giveup=drop=abandon放棄表示“增加”：beincreasingly+adj.,

beontherise,

thegrowingnumberofattherateof...=atthespeedof...以......速度inaddition此外，又，加之(=besides)inadditionto除......之外，還……contacteachother=get/keepintouchwitheachother互相聯(lián)系havecontactwith和......接觸，與......聯(lián)系keeptrackof=losetrackoflosecontactwith=outoftouchwith與......失去聯(lián)系gointoeffect生效；實(shí)施comeintoeffect=takeeffect98.beequippedwith裝備有，裝有99.besensitiveto對……（感到）敏感100.besensibleof知道；覺察到；……是明智的101.keephouse管理家務(wù)；自立門戶；持家102.ataloss不知所措；虧本；困惑；神思恍惚103.heartandsoul全心全意地，完全地；一心；竭誠104.inchargeof:負(fù)責(zé)，主管，管理Eg：Iaminchargeofthecompany.我管理這家公司。（公司歸我管）inthechargeof:由……負(fù)責(zé)，主管Eg：Iaminthechargeofyou.我在你的管理之下。（我受你管）105.roundtheclock夜以繼日；日夜；晝夜；日以繼夜

106.outofcontrol失去控制outofdanger脫離危險(xiǎn)107.pavetheway（for/to）為……鋪平道路(使更容易取得進(jìn)步或發(fā)展)；為……作準(zhǔn)備108.makeadifference有影響，起（重要）作用109.inpractice在實(shí)踐中,實(shí)際上110.inreturn作為報(bào)答/回報(bào)/交換；反過來111.atsb’sdisposal任……處理112.atthecostof以……為代價(jià)113.take（a）delightin以……為樂114.anythingbut根本不……；除……之外任何事（物）都……115.atlength充分地；詳盡地；最后；終于116.safeandsound平安無事；平安無恙fairandsquare公正地；正中目標(biāo)；公平合理；正大光明地haleandhearty（尤指老人）健壯的；矍鑠的；精神充沛；老當(dāng)益壯的waterunderthebridge無法改變的事117.nowandthen時(shí)而，不時(shí)118.byhookandbycrock不擇手段地119.putupwith忍受，容忍；容受comeupwith追趕上；比得上；想出，提出(計(jì)劃、想法等)；準(zhǔn)備好（錢等）catchupwith追上；趕上；對……產(chǎn)生壞影響；查出來并抓獲credit…with…=credit…to…認(rèn)為是……的功勞；把……歸于dosbcredit=docredittosb/sth使……感到光榮makesense講得通；有意義；是明智的；理解call系列call

on/upon拜訪，看望（某人）；邀請；祈求

call

over串門；點(diǎn)名call

round串門call

the

roll

點(diǎn)名call

to

mind（使）想起call

to

order讓保持秩序，讓肅靜（多指會議、課堂等）call

up

給……打電話；征召（入伍）call

sb．names罵（某）人call

out大聲叫；調(diào)來；請去call

off

取消，不舉行；放棄call

in來訪；請來，召請；要求歸還call

forth引起；激發(fā)call

for叫（某人）；接（某人）；要；索取；要求；需要有call

down從下邊召喚；責(zé)罵call

back傳喚；回（電）話call

away叫走，叫開call

attention

to

引起對……注意call

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主語（物）+be+worth+動名詞Itisworth(one's)while+doingsth.值得某人做某事。Itisworth(one's)while+todosth.=Todosth.isworth(one's)while.值得（某人）做某事。主語+be+worthyof+n主語+be+worthyof+beingdone128.referto=lookupsthinthedictionary查閱【referto其他意思也要重點(diǎn)掌握】129.gounder失敗，破產(chǎn)130.bringsbtotears使某人禁不住流眼淚stickinsb’smind印在某人的腦海里傳統(tǒng)文化部分silksliver一、對龍圖騰他的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年。中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。中國龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過程同步。在中國人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓意和團(tuán)結(jié)凝聚的精神。ChineseDragonDragontotemworshipinChinahasbeenaroundforthelast8,000years.TheancientsinChinaconsideredthedragon(orloong)afetishthatcombinesanimalsincludingthefish,snake,horseandoxwithcloud,thunder,lightningandothernaturalcelestialphenomena.TheChinesedragonwasformedinaccordancewiththemulticulturalfusionprocessoftheChinesenation.TotheChinese,thedragonsignifiesinnovationandcohesion.

二、秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動作有力迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康，同事他們也樂在其中。

YangkoisoneoftraditionfolkdanceofHaninChina.Itisusuallyperformedinnorthernprovinces.Thedancersusuallywearcolorfulandlightcostumes,andtheperformanceispowerfulandrapid.DuringsomefestivalssuchasSpringFestival,LanteinFestival,ifpeoplehearthesoundofdrumandgong,nomatterhowcoldtheweatheris,theywillcometostreetandappreciatetheYangko.Recentyears,theoldpeopleincityofeast-northernofChinaorganizedtheteamofYangkobythemselves,theteamerskeeptheirhealthbydancingYangkothewholeyear.

三、長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城，就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到長城非好漢?！睂?shí)際上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連城長城。然而，今天我們看到的長城——東起山海關(guān)，西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在明代修建的。

TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworldthatcreatedbyhumanbeings!IfyoucometoChinawithoutclimbingtheGreatWall,it'sjustlikegoingPariswithoutvisitingtheEiffelTower;orgoingtoEgyptwithoutvisitingthePyramids!Menoftensay,"HewhodoestnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman."Infact,itbeganasindependentwallsfordifferentstateswhenitwasfirstbuilt,anddidnotbecomethe"GreatWall"untiltheQinDynasty.However,thewallweseetoday,startingfromShanhaiguanPassintheeasttoJiayunguanPassinthewest,wasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.

四、DumplingsDumplingsareoneoftheChinesepeople’sfavoritetraditionaldishes.AccordingtoanancientChineselegend,dumplingswerefirstmadebythemedicalsaint---ZhangZhongjing.Therearethreestepsinvolvedinmakingdumplings:1)makedumplingwrappersoutofdumplingflour;2)preparethedumplingstuffing;3)makedumplingsandboilthem.Withthinandelasticdoughskin,freshandtenderstuffing,delicioustaste,anduniqueshapes,dumplingsarewortheatinghundredsoftimes.There’sanoldsayingthatclaims,“Nothingcouldbemoredeliciousthandumplings”.DuringtheSpringFestivalandotherholidays,orwhentreatingrelativesandfriends,Chinesepeopleliketofollowtheauspiciouscustomofeatingdumplings.ToChinesepeoplewhoshowhighreverenceforfamilylove,havingdumplingsatthemomenttheoldyearisreplacedbythenewisanessentialpartofbiddingfarewelltotheoldandusheringinthenewyear.

餃子是深受中國人民喜愛的傳統(tǒng)食品。相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。餃子的制作是包括：1）搟皮、2）備餡、3）包餡水煮三個(gè)步驟。其特點(diǎn)是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美，形狀獨(dú)特，百食不厭。民間有“好吃不過餃子”的俗語。中國人接親待客、逢年過節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習(xí)俗，寓意吉利。對崇尚親情的中國人來說，“更歲交子”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內(nèi)容。

五、AcupunctureAcupunctureisanimportantpartoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM).Inaccordancewiththe“mainandcollateralchannels”theoryinTCM,thepurposeofacupunctureistodredgethechannelandregulateqiandblood,soastokeepthebody’syinandyangbalancedandachievereconciliationbetweentheinternalorgans.ItfeaturesintraditionalChinesemedicinethat“internaldiseasesaretobetreatedwithexternaltherapy”.Themaintherapyofacupunctureinvolvesusingneedlestopiercecertainacupointsofthepatient’sbody,oradoptingmoxibustiontostimulatethepatient’sacupointssoastostimulatethechannelsandrelievepain.Withitsuniqueadvantages,acupuncturehasbeenhandeddowngenerationaftergenerationandhasnowspreadallovertheworld.Nowadays,acupuncture,alongwithChinesefood,kungfu(otherwiseknownasChinesemartialarts),andtraditionalChinesemedicine,hasbeeninternationallyhailedasoneofthe“fournewnationaltreasures.”

針灸是中醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經(jīng)絡(luò)理論，針灸療法主要是通過疏通經(jīng)絡(luò)、調(diào)和氣血，來達(dá)到陰陽歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調(diào)和之目的。其特點(diǎn)是“內(nèi)病外治”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫?zé)岽碳撇∪说难ㄎ?，以達(dá)到刺激經(jīng)絡(luò)。治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽(yù)為中國的“新四大國粹”。

六、ChineseKungFuChinesekungfu,orChinesemartialarts,carriestraditionalChinesecultureinabundance.ItisatraditionalChinesesportwhichappliestheartofattackanddefenceincombatandthemotionsengagedwithaseriesofskillandtricks.ThecoreideaofChinesekingfuisderivedfromtheConfuciantheoryofboth“themeanandharmony”and“cultivatingqi”(otherwiseknownasnourishingone’sspirit).Meanwhile,italsoincludesthoughtsofTaoismandBuddhism.Chinesekungfuhasalonghistory,withmulti-varioussectsandmanydifferentboxingstyles,andemphasizescouplinghardnesswithsoftnessandinternalandexternaltraining.Itcontainstheancientgreatthinkers’ponderingoflifeandtheuniverse.Theskillsinwieldingthe18kindsofweaponsnamedbythelatergenerationsmainlyinvolvetheskillsofbare-handedboxing,suchasshadowboxing(Taijiquan),formandwillboxing(Xingyiquan),eighttrigrampalm(Baguazhang),andtheskillsofkungfuweaponry,suchastheskillofusingswords,spears,two-edgedswordsandhalberds,axes,tomahawks,kooks,prongsandsoon.

中國功夫即中國武術(shù)，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運(yùn)動之中的中國傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目，承載著豐富的中國民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說，同時(shí)兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國武術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛?cè)岵?jì)、內(nèi)外兼修，蘊(yùn)含著先哲們對生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指：徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。七、Chinesecharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusedtohelppeoplerememberthings.Afteralongperiodofdevelopment,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,idea,andrhymeatthesametime.Thewritingsystem,whichwasextremelyadvancedinancienttimes,beganwithinscriptionsonbonesandtortoiseshells,andtheseareregardedastheoriginalformsofChinesecharacters.Afterwards,Chinesecharacterswentthroughnumerouscalligraphicstyles:bronzeinscriptions,officialscript,regularscript,cursivescript,runningscript,etc.Chinesecharactersareusuallyroundoutsideandsquareinside,whichisrootedinancientChinesebeliefsofanorbicularskyandarectangularEarth.ThefivebasicstrokesofChinesecharactersare“---“(thehorizontalstroke)“│”(theverticalstroke),“／”(theleft-fallingstroke),“＼”(theright-fallingstroke),and“乙”(theturningstroke).

漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡單圖畫，經(jīng)過不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨(dú)特文字。現(xiàn)存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經(jīng)歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結(jié)構(gòu)“外圓內(nèi)方“，源于古人”天圓地方“的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。

八、ChineseChopsticksTheChinesewayofeatingwithchopsticksisuniqueintheworld.Therecordedhistoryofchopsticksstartedmorethanthreethousandyearsago.ChopstickswerenamedzhuinancientChinese.Theylookdeceptivelysimpletouse,butpossessmulti-variousfunctions,suchasclamping,turningover,liftingup,raking,stirring,scooping,poking,tearing,andsoon.ChopsticksweretakenasanauspiciousmascotbyordinarypeopleinancientChina.Forexample,thepartialtoneofchopsticksisoftenusedbypeopleasametaphoratweddingstoindicateablessingorbenedictionforthecoupletohaveababysoon.Unlikeusingaknifeandforkorone’sownhands,apairofchopsticksalsoimpliesthemeaningof“Harmonyiswhatmatters”.ChopsticksarehighlypraisedbyWesternersasahallmarkofancientorientalcivilization.中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨(dú)樹一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年?？曜庸艜r(shí)稱為箸，它看似簡單，但卻同時(shí)具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能。中國民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的方式不同，成雙結(jié)對的筷子含有“和為貴“的意蘊(yùn)。西方人贊譽(yù)筷子是古老的東方文明。

九、ChineseSealAsealcanalsobedefinedasastamp.BoththeChineseofficialandprivatesealofvariousdynastieshavedifferenttitles,suchasstamp,zhunote,contract,fu,leaseandothers.ThesealsusedbytheemperorsofancientChinawerecalledxi,yin,bao,etc.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,sealswerewidelyusedduringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475BC-221BC).Themakingofasealistoengravefonts,suchassealcharactersandofficialscriptandsoon;orimagesintheformofintaglioandembossmentintotheseal,basicallyshapedasroundorsquare.Coveredwithavermilionoverlay,theChinesesealisnotonlyusedindailylife,butitisalsousedtorepresentsignaturesonpaintingsandcalligraphies.ItisgraduallybecomingoneofChina’suniqueartworks.

印章就是圖章。中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱謂，而帝王所用的印章古時(shí)稱璽、印、寶、章等。據(jù)史料記載，印章在戰(zhàn)國時(shí)代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色鈐蓋，除日常應(yīng)用外，又多用于書畫題識，逐漸成為中國特有的藝術(shù)形式之一。

十、ChineseEraTheChineseeraisthesymbolthattheChinesecalendarusesforrecordingandnamingyears.ThetenHeavenlyStemsare:jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,gui.ThetwelveEarthlyBranchesare:zi.chou,yin,mou,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,hai.Afterobservingthelunarmonth,theancientsfoundthatthemoonalwayswazesandwanesroughly12timesayear,andtwolunarmonthsaccountforabout60days,sotheorderofthetenHeavenlyStemsandtheorderofthetwelveEarthlyBranchesareproperlymatchedinturn.Intermsofrecordingdate,60yearsisconsideredtobeafulltimecycle.TheChineseerachronologywasfirstinventedinancienttimesandisstillinusenow.accordingtothechronologyofthe“tenHeavenlyStems,”2011istheyearof“theseventhofthetenHeavenlyStems”and“thefifthofthetwelveEarthlyBranches”.

天干地支是中國歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法。十天干為：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人觀測朔望月，發(fā)現(xiàn)月亮圓缺12次大體上是一年的天數(shù)，而兩個(gè)朔望月約是60天。古人以十天干與十二地支的順序依次相配，記錄不同年份，60年為一個(gè)輪回。干支紀(jì)年法從古沿用至今。按干支紀(jì)年法，20XX年便是辛卯年。C

十一、hineseBeijingOperaPraisedas“OrientalOpera”,BeijingOperaisagenuinenationalquintessence[kw?n?tesns]經(jīng)典ofChina.Itoriginatedfrommanykindsofancientlocaloperas,especiallyhuibaninsouthernChina.Attheendofthe19thCentury,BeijingOperaevolvedandtookshape,becomingthegreatestkindofoperainChina.BeijingOperaisablendofperformingarts---song,speech,performance,acrobatixfightinganddance.BeijingOperaportraysandnarratestheplotandcharactersthroughstylizedacting.ThemaintypesofrolesinBeijingOperaaresheng(male),dan(youngfemale),jing(paintedface,male),andchou(clown,maleorfemale).

京劇被譽(yù)為“東方歌劇”，是地道的中國國粹。它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇，特別是南方的“徽班”。到了19世紀(jì)末，京劇形成并成為中國最大的戲曲劇種。京劇是綜合性表演藝術(shù)，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體，通過程式化的表演手段，敘述故事，刻畫人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當(dāng)。

十二、ChineseTaoismTaoismfirstoriginatedinChina.ThefounderofTaoismisLaozi,aphilosopherandthinkerwholivedinthelateSpringandAutumnPeriod(770BC-476BC).TaoTeChingwhoseauthorshiphasbeenattributedtoLaozi,isconsideredtobethemainTaoistclassic.Taoismadvocatesthevalueofahumanbeing’slife,recommendsthediscardingofalldesiresandworriesfromone’smind,andencouragesthecultivationofmoralcharacterandthenourishmentofhumannature.ThefollowingisanexampleofLaozi’sgoldensaying:Thewaythatcanbetoldofisnotanunvaryingway;Thenamesthatcanbenamedarenotunvaryingnames.ItwasfromthenamelessthatHeavenandEarthsprang;Thenamedisbutthemotherthatrearsthetenthousandcreatures,eachafteritskind.Truly,onlyhethatridshimselfforeverofdesirecanseethesecretessences;Hethathasneverridhimselfofdesirecanseeonlytheoutcomes.

道教是中國土生土長長的宗教。創(chuàng)始人是春秋末期的哲學(xué)家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德經(jīng)》為主要經(jīng)典。道教主張“重人貴生”。崇尚清靜無為，修身養(yǎng)性?！暗揽傻?，非常道。名可名，非常名。無名天地之始；有名萬物之母。故常無，欲以觀其妙；常有，欲以觀其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

十三、ChineseIdiomsChineseidiomsrefertocomprehensiveandintegratedfixedphrasesandexpressions.Idiomsareestablishedandacceptedbyconstantusageandcommonpractice.Anidiomisalanguageunitthatislargerthanaword,buthasthesamegrammaticalfunctionasaword.MostChineseidiomsconsistoffourcharacters.Forexample,ziqiangbuxi(makeunremittingeffortstoimproveoneself),qingchuyulan(bluerthanindigo),andhoujibofa(successcomeswithtimeandeffort).Idiomsareextratedfromfolkproverbs,ancientworksofliterature,poems,fables,allusions,andwell-knownsayings.IdiomsareapartoftheChineselanguagethatareconciseandhavegreatvitality.

中國成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語。“成語”中的“成”既是約定俗成。成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當(dāng)于詞的語言單位。絕大多數(shù)的中國成語由四個(gè)漢字組成，例如：自強(qiáng)不息、青出于藍(lán)、厚積薄發(fā)。成語主要從民間諺語、古代文學(xué)作品、詩歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語語言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分。

十四、Chinaisthehomeofsilk.Mulberryplanting,sericulture,silkreelingandthickeningareallgreatinventionsofthea