考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷372

考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷372

一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共2。題，每題

分,共20分。)

Africa'sunhappydistinctionofbeingtheworld'sepicenireofHIV,(heinfectioncausing

AIDS,isbeingchallengedbyAsia,fromwhere40%ofthedisease'sgrowthisforecastto

comeoverthenextfewyears.AlreadyinChina,contaminatedbloodtransfusionsin

somevillageshaveclaimedthelivesofmostyoungadults,leavingonlychildrenand

theirgrandparentsalive.InPortMoresby,thecapita)ofPapuaNewGuinea(PNG),about

60%ofhospitalbedsarenowoccupiedbyAIDSpatients.Facedwithpredictionsthat

AIDScouldcostAsianandPacificcountriestensofbillionscfdollarsayearby2010,

twoinitiativesinvolvingco-opcrationbetweengovernment,businessesandaidworkers

havebeenlaunchedinAustraliatotrytostopitsspread.Thefirstisapartnership

betweentheAustraliangovernmentandthc(Bill)ClintonFoundation,aglobalbodysetup

fouryearsagobytheformerAmericanpresidenttofightAIDS.AustraliawillprovideA

$25rn($18m)toworkwiththefoundationinChina,VietnamandPNG,mainlytosupply

testsandantiretroviraldrugs.Thesearenotnecessarilytheregion'sthreemostafflicted

countries:India,where5mpeoplelivewithHIV,hasthemostcasesoutsideSouth

Africa.ButtheydoposeariskofHIVspreadingbeyondtheirborders,especiallyfrom

PNG,Australia'sclosestneighbouranditsformercolony.Overthepastdecade,HIVhas

grownalarminglyinPNGtoreach50,000estimatedcases,about2%oftheadult

population.AlexanderDowner,Australia'sforeignminister,v/orriesaboutHIV's

potentialtobecomea"nationalcatastrophe"there,possiblyrisingto500,000casesby

2025.UnprotectedsexhasdrivenmostofthespreadinPNG.InChina(500,000estimated

cases)andVietnam(260,000cases),contaminatedbloodtransfusions,prostitutionand

intravenousdrugusearethemainavenues.Thegovernment-Clintoncoalitionwillwork

withasecondco-opcrativceffortinvolvingAustraliancompaniesthathaveoperationsin

Asia.ThishasbeenformedthroughtheLowyInstitute,aSydneythink-tank,which

arguesthatAIDS,leftunchecked,couldproveanotherpotentialsourceofregional

instabilityalongwithterrorism.MargaretJackson,chairmanofQantas,Australia's

biggestairline,whoheadsthebusinesscoalition,sayshaving8.3mpeopleinfectedwith

HIVinAsiaandthePacificthreatenstheeconomiclifeofAsia,especiallythatofChina,

Australia'ssecond-biggestexportmarketTheoutlookisgrim:thenumberofsufferersis

forecasttomorethandoubleto20mby2010—unlessrichcountries,likeAustralia,start

exportingtheirownsuccessfulexperienceincurbingAIDS.

1、Itisimpliedinthetextthat.

A^AsiaisbecominganotherepicenterofHIVintheworld

B、mostyoungadultsarelikely(obeinfectedbyHIV

C、bloodtransfusionsarcnolongerconsideredsafe

D、therearemoreAIDSpatientsinPNGthaninChina

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)第一段第一句“Africa'sunhappydistinctionofbeingtheworld's

epicentreofHIV...isbeingchallengedbyAsia…A應(yīng)為答案。

2、Australiahaslaunchedtwoinitiativesto.

A^lowerthecostofAsiancountriesonAIDS

B、cooperatewithgovernment,businessesandaidworkers

C、forecastmoreaccuratelyhowmuchAIDScouldcost

D、preventtherapidspreadofHIVinAsiaandPacificcountries

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析；根據(jù)第一段最后一句"twoinitiatives...inAustraliatotrytostopits

spread”,D應(yīng)為答案。

3、ThecountryafflictedmostbyHIVinAsiaandPacificis.

A、China

B、India

C、Vietnam

D、PapuaNewGuinea

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句”…India,where5mpeoplelivewithHIV,has

themostcasesoutsideSouthAfrica,\B應(yīng)為答案。

4、InChina,contributesmosttoHIVspreading.

A^prostitution

B、unprotectedsex

C、intravenousdruguse

D、contaminatedbloodtransfusions

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：第一段第二句"AkeadyinChina,contaminatedblood

transfusions...theirgrandparentsalive''和第三段最后一句"InChina...contaminated

bloodtransfusions...arethemainavenues"都提至『'contaminatedbloodtransfusions”，

并在導(dǎo)致“HIVspreading”的原因中放在了首位。所以，D應(yīng)為答案。

5、AustraliaonitsowninitiativehelpsitsneighborscurbAIDSmostprobably

because.

A^itistherichestamongthecountriesinAsiaandthePacific

B、itistheonlycountrywithfewAIDScasesinAsiaandthePacific

C、theeconomiclifeandregionalstabilitymightbethreatenedbyuncheckedAIDS

D、thenumberofAIDSpatientsisforecasttoincreasemuchfaster

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：根據(jù)第四段最后一句,,…ihaiAIDS,leftunchecked,...regional

instabilityalongwithterrorism”和第五段第——句“…h(huán)aving8.3mpeopleinfectedwith

HIV...threatenstheeconomiclifeofAsia…C應(yīng)為答槃。

Researchonembryonicstemcellsiscontroversialbecauseitrequiresthedestructionof

livehumanembryos.Supportersfinditeasytominimizethesignificanceofthisfact

becausetheembryosareonlyafewdaysold—nothingmorethan"blastocysts".Butifit's

OKtodestroy5-day-oldembryostofurtherscientificinquiry,isi(OKtodestroy

embryosthatarefiveweeksold?Fivemonths?Eightmonths?Sciencecan'tanswerthat

question.Youdon'thavetobepartofthepro-lifemovementtohavequalmsaboutthis

kindofscientificinquiry.JamesThomson,theUniversityofWisconsinbiologistwho

pioneeredthefield,hassaid,'Ifhumanembryonicstemcellresearchdoesnotmakeyou

atleastalittlebituncomfortable,youhavenotthoughtaboutitenough."Thepresident's

newordersuggestsweshouldn'tthinktoomuch.In2001,supportersofembryonicstem

cellresearchcalledonBushtoallowexperimentsusing"surplus"frozenembryosin

fertilityclinics,arguingthattheywouldbedisposedofanyway.ButObamadidn'tlimit

hisnewpolicytothesefertilizedeggs.Onthecontrary,heleftopenthepossibilityof

fundingstudiesusingembryoscreatedspecificallysotheircellscanbeharvested—which

Congresshasbarred,butwhichsomeadvocateswouldliketoallow.Thepresidenttook

nopositiononwhetherscientistsshouldbepermittedtocreateembryosforthesole

purposeofdismemberingthemfortheirsteincells.Hedid,however,rejectanother

option."Wewillensure,"hesaid,"thatourgovernmentneveropensthedoortotheuse

ofcloningforhumanreproduction.Itisdangerous,profoundlywrongandhasnoplacein

oursociety,oranysociety."Butthispositionishard(osquarewithhisprofessed

approach.Ononehand,thepresidentsayshispolicyis"aboutlettingscientistslikethose

heretodaydotheirjobs,freefrommanipulationorcoercion".Ontheother,hewilluse

coerciontokeepthemfromdoingreproductivecloning.Whatthismandatemeansis

simple:Itmaybepermissibleforscientiststocreateclonedembryosandkillthem.Ifs

notpermissibletocreateclonedembiyosandletthemlive.Theircellsmaybeusedfor

ourbenefit,butnotfortheircwn.Thereliestherealityofembiyonicstemcellresearch:

Itturnsincipienthumanbeingsintocommoditiestobeexploitedforthesakeofpeople

whoarcsafelypastthatdefenselessstageoftheirlives.It'sachangethatposesrisksnot

justtodays-oldhumanembryos.Therestofusmayonedayreapimportantmedical

benefitsfromthisresearch.Rurwemaylosesomethingevenmorevital

6、Theauthorarguesthatresearchonembryonicstemcellsis.

A、ethicallyunacceptable

B、scientificallyill-founded

C、usefulintreatingdiseases

D、notworthrigorousdebate

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A」

知識點解析：根據(jù)第二段”...isitOKtodestroyembryosthatarefiveweeksold?Five

months?Eightmonths?Scicncecan'tanswerthatquestion”，A應(yīng)為答案。

7、Itisimpliedinthetextthatpro-lifeactivists.

A、appreciateandacceptObama'snewordergladly

preventingdiseaseorinjury.WhenSpeakerleftforhisweddingandhoneymoonin

EuropeonMay12,heknewhehadadrug-resistantstrainoftuberculosisbutdidnot

knowhehadextensivelydrug-resistant(XDR)TB,ararevarietythat'sveryhardtotreat.

Hehadnofever,hewasnotcoughing,andtestsofhissputumfoundnoTBbacteria.He

sayshisdoctorshadassuredhimhewasnotcontagious.AccordingtoSpeaker,local

publichealthofficials,whilerecommendingthathenotfly,repeatedlytoldhimhewould

notposeasignificantthreattofellowpassengers.ThataccountisconfirmedbySpeaker's

father,whosayshehasanaudiorecordingtoproveit.WhileSpeakerwasinRome,the

CDCinformedhimhehadXDRTB,toldhimhewasontheU.S."nofly"list,and

recommended(hathereporttoanItalianhospitalforindefiniteisolation.Knowinghis

bestshotatsuccessfultreatmentwasinDenver,Speakertookacircuitousroutehome,

flying(oMontrealanddrivingacrosstheU.S.border.Speakerandhisfamilyinsisthe

neverwouldhavetraveledifhethoughthemighttransmittuberculosistoothers.In

situationslikethis,thereisroomforargumentabouthowtobalancethesafetyof

bystandersagainstthecivillibertiesofdiseasecarriers.Butatleastindealingwith

potentiallydeadlymicroorganismsthatmovefrompersontoperson,therationalefor

governmentactionistopreventpeoplefromharmingeachother.Bycontrast,muchof

whatpassesfor"publichealth"todayisaimedatpreventingpeoplefromharming

themselves.Activistsandpoliticiansusethelanguageofpublichealthtolegitimize

governmenteffortstodiscourageawiderangeofriskyhabits,includingsmoking,

drinking,overeating,undcrexercising,gambling,drivingacarwithoutaseatbelt,and

ridingamotorcyclewithoutahelmet.Unliketuberculosis,therisksassociatedwiththese

activitiesarenotimposedonpeople;theyarevoluntarilyassumed.Inasocietythatloses

sightofthatcrucialdistinction,thegovernmenthasanopen-endedlicensetomeddlein

whatusedtobeconsideredprivatedecisions.Anyonewhoexposeshimselfto(heriskof

diseaseorinjurybecomesamenacetopublichealth.

11、AndrewSpeakerwasisolatedinahospital,forhe.

A、hadbeendiagnosedwithtuberculosis

B、wasforbiddentotravelbyairwithTB

C、mightposedangertonumerouspeople

D、mightinfectpeoplearoundhimotherwise

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：根據(jù)第一段的"AndrewSpeaker...afterbeingdiagnosedwithdrug—

resistanttuberculosis”和第二段的“…thedangerheposedtootherpeople,whichwas

thejustificationfbrhisforcibleisolationinaDenverhospital"，D應(yīng)為答案。

12、Beforetravelingbyair,AndrewSpeaker.

A^knewnothingabouthisdisease

B、developedararevarietyofTB

C^hadahighlycontagiousdisease

D^hadmanifestsymptomsofXDRTB

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)第三段第一句“…butdidnotknowhehadextensivelydrug-

resistant(XDR)lB,ararevanetythat'sveryhardtotreat”,B應(yīng)為答案。

13、EvenafterbeingdiagnosedwithTB,AndrewSpeakerfliedsince.

A^hemightnottransmithistuberculosistoothers

B、hehadanaudiorecordingofhisfather'saccount

C、hewasassuredofnothreatposedtootherpeople

D、hewaseagertohavehisweddingandhoneymoon

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C、

知以點解析：根據(jù)第三段最后一句"Hesayshisdoctorshadassuredhimhewasnot

contagious”和第四段第一句"...localpublichealthofficials...repeatedlytoldhimhe

wouldnotposeasignificantthreattofellowpassengers"，C應(yīng)為答案。

14>Theauthorarguesthatthecivillibertiesofapatientwithcontagiousdiseaseare

A、generallyreckonedtobeofmuchvalue

B、lessvaluablethanthesafetyofotherpeople

C、ofmorevaluethanthesafetyofotherpeople

D、notnecessarilymoreimportantthanothers'safety

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D.

知識點解析：根據(jù)第七段“Insituationslikethis,thereisrcomforargumentabouthow

tobalancethesafetyofbystandersagainstthecivillibertiesofdiseasecarriers”,D應(yīng)為

答案。

15、Theauthorbelievesthat,toensure"publichealth",thegovernmentshould.

A^interveneinpeople'sprivatedecisions

B、discourageawiderangeofriskyhabits

C、preventpeoplefromharmingeachother

D、preventpeoplefromharmingthemselves

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)最后一段”...ihegovernmenthasanopen-endedlicensetomeddlein

whatusedtohcconsidcrcdprivatedecisions.Anyone...becomesamenacetopublic

health”，A應(yīng)為答案。

TheFederationofAmericanSocietiesforExperimentalBiology(FASEB)hasjust

releasedareportonthecareerlrajec【oriesofyounglifescientistsin(heUnitedStates.It

islikelytogivepausetosomeofthosecurrentlyconsideringgraduatetrainingasaroute

(oacareerintheacademiclifesciences.Thesurveyfindsthatovertwodecadesthe

numberofacademicallyemployedlifescientistsintenuredortenure-trackpositionshas

remainedstuckatabout30,000,whilethenumberofdoctoraldegreesawardedinthelife

scienceshasdoubled.Thedataalsorevealahard-to-reachcareergettingfartheroutof

reach.TheageatwhichtheaveragePhDholderreceiveshisorherfirstfullNational

InstitutesofHealthgranthasrisenfrom34in1970to42now.Postdocs,facingsucha

latestarttotheirprofessionallives,arcincreasinglyjumpingshiptoindustry.Postdocs

findthemselvesbouncingaroundtheworldfromlabtolah,seldomearningmuchmore

thantheywouldhavedoneintheirfirstyearonthejobmarketwiththeirundergraduate

degree.Fundingisshon,(hehoursarelong,andprospectsuncenain.Postdocshave

occasionallyattemptedtobandtogetherinsolidarityandseekabettersettlementfrom

theiremployers,theinstitutionsanduniversities.Butthismovementhasbeenstrongerin

thesocialsciencesthaninthehardsciences.Thetransientnatureofthework,together

withitsconvolutedemploymentstructure,hasmadeitdifficultforthemtospeak

effectivelywithasinglevoice.Instead,theplightofthepostdocwillprobablychange

onlyiftheissueofscientifictrainingisaddressedfromthetop,whereitmaybe

necessarytoconsiderthepossibilitythat(oomanyscientistsarebeingtrained.Thereis

anargument(hat,fromanationalpolicyperspective,thecurrentsituationisultimately

productive.Thepaceofdiscoveryisquickenedbyasizeableworkforce,andable

scientistsendupdoingmultiplejobs,mostofthemintheprivatesectoroftheeconomy.

Itmightnotbeexactlywhatthestudentshadinmindinthefirstplace,butthesituation

hardlyconstitutesamajorcauseforconcern.ButFASEBsdatasuggestthattoomany

graduateschoolsmaybepreparingtoomanystudents,sothattoofewyoungscientists

havearealprospectofmakingacareerinacademicscience.Moreeffortisneededto

ensurethatrecruitmentinterviewsincluderealisticassessmentsofprospectivestudents'

expectationsandpotentialindieacademicworkplace.Andtrainingshouldaddress

broadercareeroptionsfromdayoneratherthanfocusingunrealisticallyonjobsthatdon*t

exist.

16、Theword"tnyectory"(L:ne2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans.

A、curvedpath

B、endlesstrack

C、longjourney

D、ultimategoal

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：根據(jù)上下文，此處的“thecareertrajectories”指“曲折的職業(yè)道路”。所

以，A應(yīng)為答窠。

17、AccordingtothereportreleasedbyFASEB,.

A、thecareerofyounglifescientist