Unit5 Using language and Developing ideas 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂版本：新外研單元：選擇性必修一Unit5(Usinglanguage—Developingideas)本單元詞匯梳理1.characteristiccharacter(特征，必修一U3)+-istic(形容詞后綴)詞塊：key/personalcharacteristics2.declinede-(down向下)+cline(tobend彎)→向下彎曲→減少；下降意為“拒絕”時是正式用語，對應(yīng)refuse詞塊：declinetodosth,declineby3.blame詞塊：puttheblameon,blamesthonsb/sth,blamesthfor,betoblame(forsth)4.worldwide合成詞：world+wide5.giant源自希臘神話中的巨人族癸干忒斯(gigantes)6.myth近義詞：legend7.legend詞塊：legendhasitthat…=it’ssaidthat…派生詞：legendary8.detectde-(不、非)+-tect(tocover掩蓋)→不再被掩蓋→察覺、發(fā)現(xiàn)派生詞：detective9.pesticidepest(n

害蟲)

+-cide(killer殺手)10.root基本義：根名詞動詞化詞塊：berootedin11.link一詞多義，基本義“環(huán)；節(jié)”詞塊：alinkbetween...and...,link...to/with12.cybercrime合成詞：cyber(網(wǎng)絡(luò)、計(jì)算機(jī))+crime(犯罪活動)重難點(diǎn)詞精講decline一詞多義正式用語與非正式用語抽象名詞具體化blame搭配義characteristicbe+形容詞+to結(jié)構(gòu)detectrootlink熟詞生義一詞多義辨析義一詞多義characteristicTorealizetheChinesedream,wemuststayonthepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.為實(shí)現(xiàn)中國夢，我們必須堅(jiān)持中國特色社會主義道路。characteristic■n[C]［常用復(fù)數(shù)］特征；特色；特點(diǎn)：Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.2019江蘇key/personalcharacteristics■adj

特有的；典型的：Sunny,hotdaysarethecharacteristicweatherofthesummermonths.詞源解讀：character(特征，必修一U3)+-istic(形容詞后綴)☆character指“性格”Anunhappychildhoodmayhavesomenegativeeffectsonaperson’scharacter;however,theyarenotalwayspermanent.☆personality指“個性；人格”People’sclothesareoftenanexpressionoftheirpersonalities.☆characteristic指“特征；特點(diǎn)”Tomwasateenagerwhoseunusualcharacteristics,excellentmemoryandagiftforstrategymadehimidealtorunanorganisation.☆nature指“天性；本性”Theloveofbeautyisanessentialpartofallhealthyhumannature.辨析character,personality,characteristic,nature借助精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義辨析。declinedeclinedecline看圖猜詞義減少；下降拒絕v

vi

減少；下降：Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10%lastyear.

vi

衰退；衰落：Ourbraincandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons.2020浙江decline由“de-（向下）+-cline（彎；轉(zhuǎn)開）”構(gòu)成，詞源義為“向下彎曲”，即“下降；降落”。decline詞源解讀

vi&vt[正式用語]謝絕；拒絕(refuse)：WeofferedtogiveSharonaridehome,butshedeclined.2020

天津Marydeclined

Jay’sinvitationtodinner.declinetodosth:Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.2012山東n[C]&[U]減少；下降；衰退；衰落：theeconomicdeclineThereisasharpdeclinein

population.比refuse正式decline

語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖decline下降基本義趨勢“下降”“下降”別人的邀請數(shù)量“下降”謝絕；拒絕減少；下降衰退；衰落vn減少；下降；衰退；衰落正式與非正式用語是指在特定的文體中使用不同語言。正式文體中通常使用正式用語，包括書面語、正式場合用語，如演講、論文、報告、通知等。非正式文體中通常使用非正式用語，包括日常用語、隨意場合用語，如家庭談話、朋友交流等。區(qū)分正式與非正式用語對于學(xué)生書面表達(dá)和日常表達(dá)都有指導(dǎo)意義，能有效提升學(xué)生在不同場合下使用不同詞語的能力。正式(formal)與非正式(informal)用語

Informal/Neutral（中性）Formal照亮街道lightupthestreet1.__________thestreet結(jié)束調(diào)查endaninvestigation2.__________aninvestigation告知某人某事tellsbaboutsth3.__________sbof/aboutsth下降(v)decrease/fall4.__________拒絕做某事5.__________todosthdeclinetodosth在運(yùn)動中bemovingbein6.__________組成makeup7.__________允許某人做某事8.__________sbtodosthpermitsbtodosth正式用語與非正式用語

illuminateconcludeinformdeclinerefusemotioncomposeallowAJokeTeacher:Betty,youmadesomanymistakesinyourexercises,surelyyourmotherwillblame

you!Betty:

Blamemeforthem?Oh,no.Onthecontrary,sheistoblame,becauseitwasshethatdidmyhomeworkinstead.vt

責(zé)備；把……歸咎于

tosayorthinkthatsb/sthisresponsibleforsthbad:You’vefailedtodowhatyouwereexpectedtoandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.2010四川①blamesb/sthfor(doing)sth:Whilewecan’tchangethebodytypewearebornwith,wecan’tblameourgenesformakingusfat.2014重慶Onceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.2010廣東blame

②blamesthonsb/sth:Policeareblamingtheaccidentondangerousdriving.【常見搭配】betoblame(forsth)（對某事）負(fù)有責(zé)任：It’sallmyfault.I’mtoblame.Whoistoblameforthefire?n

[U]（對錯誤/壞事應(yīng)負(fù)的）責(zé)任；責(zé)備responsibilityforamistakeorsthbad：take/beartheblameWheredoestheblame

for

ourfailurelie?Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andput

the

blame

on

thealarmclock.2017全國同義異構(gòu)：beresponsiblefordetect詞源解讀：de-(不、非)+-tect(tocover掩蓋)→不再被掩蓋→察覺、發(fā)現(xiàn)同根詞protect：pro-(before在……前面)+tect(tocover掩蓋、掩護(hù))→在前面掩護(hù)→保護(hù)detectvt

察覺；發(fā)現(xiàn)；偵查出：Manyformsofcancercanbecuredifdetectedearly.【詞匯拓展】detectiven[C]偵探：adetectivestoryprivatedetectiveroot注：root由植物等的“根”，衍生到問題的“根源”。treeroots樹根rootwords詞根rootcause根本原因root■n[C]根；根源；起源；詞根：treerootsMoneyisoftensaidtobetherootofallevil.After20yearsinAmerica,hestillfeelshisrootsareinChina.ModernpopmusichasitsrootsinthefolksongsofblackAmericans.Wordsoftencomefromthesameroot.■vi&vt（使）生根；（使）扎根：Withmother’swordsdeeplyrootedinmysoul,Ineverdoubtedwewouldsucceed.rootup連根拔起名詞動詞化根據(jù)所給漢語，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z。1.Scientistshaveestablishedapossible________________________________________________（癌癥和日常飲食之間的聯(lián)系）.2.Theproblemsoftheeconomy___________________________________________________（與一些社會問題密切相關(guān)）.connection/linklinkbetweencanceranddietarecloselyrelatedto/connectedwith/linkedto/with/relationship

環(huán)；節(jié)

聯(lián)系；關(guān)聯(lián)(connection)

：Istherealinkbetweensmokingandlungdisease?

（交通、溝通的）連接線；（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的）鏈接：arail/road/telephonelinklink

vt連接；聯(lián)系

(connect)

：Hewalkedwithher,linkingarms.

link...to/with把……連接/聯(lián)系起來:Asubwaylinewilllinktheairporttothecitycentre.Yellowislinkedwithconfidence,self-respectandfriendliness.link

n[C]

link語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖連接人和人、物和物的“環(huán)；節(jié)”鏈狀物上連接在一起的“環(huán)；節(jié)”連接交通、溝通的“環(huán)；節(jié)”連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的“環(huán)；節(jié)”環(huán)節(jié)環(huán)；節(jié)link（基本義）nv聯(lián)系；關(guān)聯(lián)（交通、溝通的）連接線（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的）鏈接連接；聯(lián)系“be+形容詞+to”結(jié)構(gòu)用“be+形容詞+to”的結(jié)構(gòu)完成下列句子。1.Theverbalexpression“OK”________________（源于）theUnitedStatesandwasformedinsupportoftheletterOindicatingthatsomethingwasasperfectasacircle.2.ThecustomofsettingfireworksoffattheSpringFestival____________（是……特有的）China.3.Togivehappinesstoothers______________（相當(dāng)于）thedoublehappiness.isnativetoisuniquetoisequalto4.Whendoingvolunteerwork,weneedto________________（對……敏感）thephysicallyandmentallyhandicapped,thehomeless,theelderlyandorphans（孤兒）.（2014廣東改）5.I_______________________（對……感激）allthosevolunteersbecausetheyhelpedmyterribledayendhappily.（2015安徽）6.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers________________（對……是必不可少的）theirdevelopment.（2013江蘇）besensitivetoamgrateful/thankfultoisessentialto抽象名詞具體化在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Itis_______disgracethatyouquarrelwithalittlegirl.2.Amancanfailmanytimes,butheisn’t_______failureuntilhebeginstoblamesomeoneelse.3.OneofNASA’smajor__________(concern)aboutastronautsishowtheycanremainhealthyforlonginspace.（2015湖北）4.Everyoneagreedthatclimatechangeis_______threat.5.Noonecandenythatitis_______delighttowatchherdancingskillswithnaturalgrace.aaconcernsaa不可數(shù)的抽象名詞可用來表示可數(shù)的人或物，即“抽象名詞具體化”。此時，名詞的數(shù)和詞義都發(fā)生變化。表示抽象的概念時，前面不用冠詞；表示具體的一個人或一件事時，前面通常用不定冠詞。6.Ifyouwatchmy__________(motion)carefullyyouwillseehowthetrickisperformed.7.Robertwillplace_______announcementinthepersonalcolumn（專欄）ofTheDailyTelegraph（《每日電訊報》）.motionsan本單元金句匯總1.Sunny,hotdaysarethecharacteristicweatherofthesummermonths.2.Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10%lastyear.3.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.2012山東4.Thereisasharpdeclinein

population.5.It’sallmyfault.I’mtoblame.6.Moneyisoftensaidtobetherootofallevil.7.Yellowislinkedwithconfidence,self-respectandfriendliness.隨堂檢測characteristic一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Theneedtocommunicateisakeycharacteristicofhumansociety._______________2.Thispatternischaracteristicofthelocalarchitecture._______________二、在空白處填入單詞character的正確形式。Personal_______________,suchasage,sexandmarital（婚姻的）statusaretakenintoaccount.特有的；典型的特征characteristics一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Thesuperstardeclined__________________(interviewv).2.Theyencouragekidstopolitelydecline__________(do)thingsthattheybelievearewrong.（2014江蘇）

3.Scientistsestimatethatsharkpopulationsinthenorth-westAtlanticOceanhavedeclined_________anaverageof50%sincetheearly1970s.4.IntheUS,themonthlydecline__________vehiclesalesaccelerated（加快）

forthelastthreemonths,falling41%inFebruaryfromayearearlier.tobeinterviewedtododeclinebyin二、根據(jù)所給漢語完成下列句子。1.I____________________________（已經(jīng)婉言謝絕了他們的提議）toexhibitsomeofmypaintingsinthisgallery.（2014上海）

2.Manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperience_____________________________（身體的衰弱和智力的下降）untilafterage75.（2015廣東）3.Chimps（黑猩猩）inthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularly________________________（拒絕分享食物）

withtheirchildren.（2016江蘇）

4.Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarkets______________________________（在迅速下降）mayseekopportunitiesabroad.（2014山東改）

havedeclinedtheirofferphysicalandmentaldeclinedeclinetosharefoodaredecliningfast/rapidlyblame一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblame___________losingthejob.（2014江西）2.Themotherdidn’tknowwho_______________(blame)forthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.3.Somepeoplelaytheblame___________theAmericans,complainingthatpoundshavepiledonthankstoeatingtoomuchAmerican-stylefastfood.（2013湖北改）4.___________(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.

5.Joeisproudandstubborn（固執(zhí)的）,neveradmittingheiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelse___________(blame).（2014

浙江）

for(was)toblameonBlamedtoblame二、將下列句子譯成漢語。Thereportblamespoorsafetystandardsfortheaccident.________________________________________________2.Oneofthecomputersisbrokenandsheisblamingitonme.________________________________________________3.Officialsbelievethatmorethanonepersonmaybetoblameforthefire.________________________________________________報告把事故歸咎于安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不高。有一臺計(jì)算機(jī)壞了，她正怪罪于我。政府官員認(rèn)為，可能不止一人對火災(zāi)負(fù)有責(zé)任。detect一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Mistakesshouldbecorrectedassoonasdetected. ________2.Amycoulddetectacertainsadnessintheoldman’sface. ________3.Wearetryingtodetectandunderstandhowtheclimateschange. ________二、在空白處填入單詞detect的正確形式。1.Mostskincancersarecompletelycurableif__________early.2.SherlockHolmes（《福爾摩斯探案集》）isBritish_____________fictionwrittenbySirArthurConanDoyle.detective發(fā)現(xiàn)探測detected察覺root一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Treerootsdrinkalotofwater,soremembertowaterwhatyouplant.________2.“Press”istherootof“impres