湖北省新八校協(xié)作體2025屆高三下學(xué)期5月聯(lián)考英語試題 含解析

年湖北省“新八?！眳f(xié)作體高三5月模擬考試高三英語試卷注意事項(xiàng)：答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。第一部分聽力共兩節(jié)，滿分分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt??A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wherecanthemanfetchashelffrom?A.Astorageroom.B.Afactory.C.Ashop.2.Whyisthewomanworried?A.Shefailedtheexam.B.Hermotherwillscoldher.C.Shedidn’tachievehergoal3.Whatcolorwasthewoman’sbedroombefore?A.Green.B.Blue.C.Pink.4.WhatisStevedoingnow?A.Swimming.B.Fishing.C.TV.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Afire.B.Ahouse.C.Thewoman’sdaughter.第二節(jié)共小題每小題分，滿分分)第1頁/共24頁聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第、7題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Doctorandpatient.C.agentandclient.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Seeadoctor.B.aboattrip.C.Pay$150first.聽第7段材料，回答第8至題。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemovie?A.It’samazing.B.It’sdisappointing.C.It’sworthwatching.9.Whatmadethewomanconfusedaboutthemovie?A.Theplot.B.Thescenery.C.Thespecialeffects.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisfamiliarwiththecharactersofthemovie.B.Shereadalotbeforewatchingthemovie.C.Shelikesgoingtothetheater.聽第8段材料，回答第至題。Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.herwheretobuysouvenirs.B.Goonholidaywithherfamilyhere.C.GivehersomeadviceontouringinCairo.12.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?A.HevisitedtheSphinx.B.Helearnthowtorideacamel.C.HewenttotheKhanal-Khalilifair.13.Whatwillthemandotomorrow?A.LeaveCairo.B.GoboatingontheNile.C.theEgyptianMuseum.聽第9段材料，回答第至題。14.Whydofilmstarsearnmuchmoneyaccordingtotheman?A.Theirworkishard.B.Theyspendmuchtimetraining.C.Theymakealotoffilmseachyear.15.Whatdoesthemansayaboutfilmstars?A.MostoftheirfilmsdowellattheboxB.Manyofthemcan’thugehouses.第2頁/共24頁C.Theyearnmoreandspendmore.16.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardscelebritiesintheend?A.Envious.B.Critical.C.Sympathetic.聽第段材料，回答第至題。17.WhenwillMonicaworkinthelibrary?A.From8:45a.m.to5:15p.m.B.From9:15a.m.to4:45p.m.C.From9a.m.to5p.m.18.WhatcanMonicadowhileworkinginthelibrary?A.Readbooks.B.Havedrinks.C.tostudents.19.WherecanMonicahavesandwichesforlunch?A.Inacanteen.B.Inacommonroom.C.Inan20.Whydoesn’tthespeakerrecommendcafesinthetowncenter?A.Lunchtimeislimited.B.Theyarecrowded.C.Theyareexpensive.第二部分閱讀理解共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThesedays,streamingismorestraightforwardthanever.IfyouhaveanewerTV,allyouhavetodoisselectofthebuilt-inappsandsignuptostartwatching.HereisasummaryofthehighlyrecommendedmajorservicesandthebigshowsandmoviestheyTViscomposedofthe100-pluslivechannels(or30-plusSpanishnetworksundertheSpanishPlan)youcanfindoncable.Ifashowormoviehasairedononeofthosenetworks,fullseasonsarelikelyavailableforfreeviavideoondemandorforpurchase.AnylivesportsairingoncablechannelslikeESPN,FSlandCBSSportsNetworkarestreamingheretoo.musthaveaGoogleaccounttosubscribe.Price:$72.99/month;$34.99/monthfortheSpanishPlan.Anytwodevicescanstreamatonce.Apple’sistheonlymajorservicewithexclusivelyoriginalprogrammingandnoads.Thatmeansitonlythenewcutting-edgeseriesandfilmsproducedbyAppleStudiosthattendtocapbest-ofyear-endsummary,includingTedLasso,TheMorningShow,Severance,PrehistoricPlanet,MastersoftheAirandKillersofthe第3頁/共24頁FlowerMoon.Price:$9.99/month.Anytwodevicescanstreamatonce.Max’spredecessor,HBOGo,wasmorealibraryforHBOtoshelvepastseasonsofitshitssuchasGameofThronesandTheSopranos.Since2022,whenparentcompanycombinedwithDiscovery,it’snolongerHB-Only.cansearchthroughDiscoverytitleslikeHouseHunters,ChoppedandSayYestotheDressalongsideHBOtriumphsTrueDetective,TheWireandTheWhiteLotus.Price:$9.99/monthforonedeviceatoncewithads;$15.99/monthfortwodevicesatoncead-free;$19.99/monthforthreedevicesatoncead-free.1.WhatdoweknowaboutTV?A.GameofThronesisavailable.B.AGoogleaccountisnotnecessary.C.TheSpanishPlanisforfree.D.Sportsfanscanenjoyfirst-handexperience.2.WhatsetsAppleTV+apartfromotherstreamingservices?A.Freepastseasonhits.B.Diverselivechannels.C.Originalprograms.D.Highsubscriptioncost.3.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyouwanttostreamonthreedeviceswithoutads?A.$34.99/month.B.$19.99/month.C.$15.99/month.D.$9.99/month.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】Max和AppleTV在內(nèi)的三種視頻流媒體服務(wù)平臺(tái)的特點(diǎn)以及他們的訂閱價(jià)格?！?題詳解】部分的“AnylivesportsairingoncablechannelslikeESPN,FSlandCBSSportsNetworkarestreamingheretoo.(在ESPNfslan和CBS體育網(wǎng)絡(luò)等有線電視頻道播放的任何現(xiàn)場(chǎng)體育節(jié)目都可以在這里播放。)”可知，體育粉絲可以通過此平臺(tái)看直播賽事，獲得一手體驗(yàn)，故選D?！?題詳解】部分“Apple’sistheonlymajorservicewithexclusivelyoriginalprogrammingandnoads.(蘋果是唯一一家提供獨(dú)家原創(chuàng)節(jié)目、沒有廣告的主流服務(wù)。)”可知，AppleTV+是唯一擁有獨(dú)家原第4頁/共24頁創(chuàng)節(jié)目且沒有廣告的主要平臺(tái)，故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)部分“$19.99/monthforthreedevicesatoncead-free.(每月19.99美元，同時(shí)使用三臺(tái)設(shè)備，不含廣告。)”可知，如果你想在沒有廣告的情況下在三臺(tái)設(shè)備上播放流媒體，你應(yīng)該支付19.99美元/月。故選B。BLifecanfeelterriblyunfair.Andyetforsomepeople,whenlifehandsthemtheworstpossiblecircumstance,theyareattheirabsolutebest.JessieJoyReesisjustsuchaperson.Theblonde-haired,Californiakidwiththebigpersonalityasfunasadayatthebeachbecamethevoiceofcourageforkidswithcancer.Athleticandenergetic,Jessiehadherwholeworldinfrontofher,untilshewasdiagnosedwithaninoperablebraintumor(腫瘤)inDoctorsestimatedthatshehadjust1%chanceofsurvivalandlessthanayeartolive.noothertreatmentoptions,herfamilyenteredJessieforaclinicaltrial.Forweekssheunderwent30roundsofradiotherapy.Amazingly,thepainanduncertaintyneverlessenedhershine,andJessiealwaysremainedpositivethroughoutitall.Threeweeksintohertreatment,Jessieaskedanuncharacteristicallymaturequestionforsuchayounggirl.Lookingoutattheotherchildrenwhowerealsogoingthroughcancertreatment,sheaskedherparents:“Howcanwehelpthem?”Jessie’sheartwasbiggerthananytumor.“Shewasdeterminedtomakeothercancerkidshappy,”herfatherEriktenderlyremembers.“Howcouldwenothelp?”Though12-year-oldJessiehadaslightchanceofbeatingcancer,sheresolvedtomakethemostofhertime.Themorningafterherdiagnosis,Jessiewasatthekitchentablepackingbagsoftoysforothercancerpatients.Thepackagesbecamehospital-safeplasticjarswithtoys,craftsandactivitiestosurprisechildrenwhiletheyareinthehospitalfortreatment.JoyJars,namedafterJessie’smiddlename,containalittlebitoffunduringordinarydays,butmostlytheycontainalittlebitofJessie’spositiveattitudethatfillstheroomeverytimeoneisopened.JessieJoyRees,aspecialsoulwhocouldradiatesomuchgoodinsoshortatime,passedawaylessthanayearfromherdiagnosis:Butherparentskeepthejoyalive.Morethan400,000JoyJarshavebeendeliveredtochildrenundergoingcancertreatmentinall50statesandover50countries,witheachstampedwithherlifephilosophy“NeverEverGiveUp”.Nomatterhowlongorshortourlivesturnouttobe,thereisalwaysroomforalittlejoy.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJessiefromparagraph2?A.Shehadaslimchancetobecuredofthebraincancer.第5頁/共24頁B.Sherefusedtoacceptanyformofmedicaltreatment.C.Shehadareputationallovertheworldforhercourage.D.ShewasfondofhavingfunonthebeachinCalifornia.5.WhatinspiredJessie’screationofJoyJars?A.Herintentiontogetridofherphysicalpain.BHerneedtoraisefundsforhermedicaltreatment.C.Herwishtobringemotionalsupporttofellowpatients.D.Hergoaltopromoteherlifephilosophyaroundtheworld.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJessie?A.Ambitiousandresponsible.B.Sympatheticandoptimistic.C.Cooperativeandintelligent.D.Aggressiveandpioneering.7.Whatdoesthearticlewanttotellus?A.Alifewithoutpassionisalifehalf-lived.B.Joyandsorrowarenext-doorneighbors.C.Acandlelightsothersandconsumesitself.D.Whenlifegivesyoulemons,makelemonade.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了一位12歲身患癌癥的小女孩面對(duì)病魔依舊積極樂觀，并且通過制作樂罐將快樂和希望帶給其他正在對(duì)抗癌癥的小孩的故事。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Doctorsestimatedthatshehadjust1%chanceofsurvivalandlessthanayeartolive.(醫(yī)生估計(jì)她只有1%的生存機(jī)會(huì)，不到一年的生命)”以及第四段“Though12-year-oldJessiehadaslightchanceofbeatingcancer,sheresolvedtomakethemostofhertime.(雖然12歲的杰西有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)戰(zhàn)勝癌癥的機(jī)會(huì)，但她決心充分利用自己的時(shí)間)”可知，Jessie被治愈的機(jī)會(huì)渺茫，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Shewasdeterminedtomakeothercancerkidshappy(她決心讓其他癌癥兒童快樂)”和第四段中“Themorningafterherdiagnosis,Jessiewasatthekitchentablepackingbagsoftoysforothercancerpatients.(確診后的那個(gè)早晨，杰西在廚房的桌子旁為其他癌癥患者打包玩具)”可知，Jessie制作JoyJars的第6頁/共24頁目的是為了給患癌的孩子們帶來快樂，提供情感上的支持，故選C。【6題詳解】推理推斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Amazingly,thepainanduncertaintyneverlessenedhershine,andJessiealwaysremainedpositivethroughoutitall.(令人驚訝的是，痛苦和不確定從未減弱她的光芒，杰西始終保持積極的態(tài)度)”可知，Jessie是一位樂觀的女孩；根據(jù)第三段“Lookingoutattheotherchildrenwhowerealsogoingthroughcancertreatment,sheaskedherparents:“Howcanwehelpthem?”(看著其他同樣在接受癌癥治療的孩)Jessie是一位有同情心的人，因此可用sympathetic和optimistic描述Jessie。故選B。【7題詳解】Though12-year-oldJessiehadaslightchanceofbeatingcancer,sheresolvedtomakethemostofhertime.Themorningafterherdiagnosis,Jessiewasatthekitchentablepackingbagsoftoysforothercancerpatients.Thepackagesbecamehospital-safeplasticjarswithtoys,craftsandactivitiestosurprisechildrenwhiletheyareinthehospitalfortreatment.JoyJars,namedafterJessie’smiddlename,containalittlebitoffunduringordinarydays,butmostlytheycontainalittlebitofJessie’spositiveattitudethatfillstheroomeverytimeoneisopened.(雖然12個(gè)早晨，杰西在廚房的桌子旁為其他癌癥患者打包玩具。這些包裹后來變成了醫(yī)院里安全的塑料罐子，里是以杰西的中間名命名的，它們?cè)谄匠５娜兆永锬軒硇┰S樂趣，但更重要的是，每打開一個(gè)罐子，里面都蘊(yùn)含著杰西那積極向上的態(tài)度，這種態(tài)度能充滿整個(gè)房間)”可知，Jessie在短暫的生命中傳播了快樂，她D選項(xiàng)“Whenlifegivesyoulemons,makelemonade.(有利）)”。故選D。CInapaperpublishedonMarch13inScience,researchersatStanfordUniversityusedmachinelearningtoanalyzedataoficemovementsinAntarcticaforthefirsttime.TheirworkrevealssomeofthefundamentalphysicsgoverningthemovementsoftheAntarcticicesheetandcouldhelpimprovepredictionsabouthowthecontinentwillchangeinthefuture.TheAntarcticicesheet,Earth’slargesticemassandnearlytwicethesizeofAustralia,keepssealevelsstablebystoringfreshwaterasice.understandthemovementoftheAntarcticicesheet,whichisshrinkingmorerapidlyeveryyear,existingmodelshavetypicallyreliedonassumptionsaboutice’smechanicalbehaviorfromlab第7頁/共24頁experiments.“ButAntarctica’siceismuchmorecomplicatedthanwhatcanbereproducedinthelab,”saidLai,aprofessorofgeophysicsintheuniversityandseniorauthoronthepaper.“Iceformedfromseawaterhasdifferentproperties,andicesheetsmaycontainlargecracks,airpockets,orotherinconsistenciesthatmovement.”Laiandhercolleaguesbuiltamachinelearningmodeltoanalyzethemovementswithsatelliteimageryandairplaneradar.Theyfoundthatthepartsoftheiceshelvesclosesttothecontinentarebeingcompressed(壓縮)andthatthemodelsintheseareasarefairlyconsistentwithlabexperiments.However,mostmodelshaveassumedthatAntarcticicehasthesamephysicalpropertiesinalldirections.Infact,asicegetsfartherfromthecontinent,itstartstobepulledouttosea.Theforcecausestheicetohavedifferentphysicalpropertiesindifferentdirections—aconceptcalledanisotropy(各向異性).“Ourstudyuncoversthatmostoftheiceshelfisanisotropic,”saidfirststudyauthoraresearcherinLai’slab.“Iceinthe5%compressionzonealmosthasthesamepropertywhilefortherest—theextensionzone,itis.Nowbasedonthisnewmethod,weknowthatmodelspredictingthefutureevolutionofAntarcticashouldbeanisotropic.”Next,researchersintendtocontinuetoperfecttheiranalysiswithadditionaldatafromtheAntarcticcontinentandmayusethesefindingstounderstandthestressesthatmaycausecracks.TheyhopetheirmethodswillassistwithmorescientificdiscoveriesandleadtonewcooperationwiththeEarthsciencecommunity.8.Whatisthepurposeofmachinelearningintheresearch?A.PredictingthefuturechangesofAntarcticaice.B.AnalyzingthethicknessoftheAntarcticicesheet.C.KnowingthemovementoftheAntarcticicesheet.D.Studyingthephysicalpropertiesoficefromseawater.9.Whyareexistingmodelsoficemovementnotaccurateenough?A.Theyrelytoomuchonthedatafromsatellites.B.Theystresstheimpactofairpocketsandcracks.C.TheyignorethedifferentpropertiesinAntarcticice.D.TheyfailtomeasurethesizeoftheAntarcticicesheet.10.Whatisindicatedintheunderlinedsentence?A.Icebehavesvariablyinalldirections.B.Mosticeshelvesareintheextensionzone.第8頁/共24頁C.Iceincompressionzonematcheslabresults.D.Iceshelvesarepulledoutofthecontinenttosea.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchers’futureplans?A.Theywillbuildmoresatellitemodels.B.Theywillabandontheircurrentmethods.C.TheywillapplythemethodstotheEarthscience.D.Theywillseekmoredatatoimprovetheiranalysis.【答案】8.C9.C10.AD【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了斯坦福大學(xué)研究用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)分析南極冰運(yùn)動(dòng)及后續(xù)計(jì)劃?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“InapaperpublishedonMarch13inScience,researchersatStanfordUniversityusedmachinelearningtoanalyzedataoficemovementsinAntarcticaforthefirsttime.TheirworkrevealssomeofthefundamentalphysicsgoverningthemovementsoftheAntarcticicesheetandcouldhelpimprovepredictionsabouthowthecontinentwillchangeinthefuture.(在3月13究人員首次使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)來分析南極洲冰運(yùn)動(dòng)的數(shù)據(jù)。他們的工作揭示了一些控制南極冰蓋運(yùn)動(dòng)的基本物理學(xué)原理，并有助于改進(jìn)對(duì)南極洲未來變化的預(yù)測(cè)。)”以及第二段中“understandthemovementoftheAntarcticicesheet,whichisshrinkingmorerapidlyeveryyear,existingmodelshavetypicallyreliedonassumptionsaboutice’smechanicalbehaviorfromlabexperiments.(為了了解每年都在迅速縮小的南極冰蓋的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況，現(xiàn)有的模型通常依賴于實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)中對(duì)冰的力學(xué)行為的假設(shè)。)”可知，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)在這項(xiàng)研究中的目的是了解南極冰蓋的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C。【9題詳解】“ButAntarctica’siceismuchmorecomplicatedthanwhatcanbereproducedinthelab,”saidLai,aprofessorofgeophysicsintheuniversityandseniorauthoronthepaper.“Iceformedfromseawaterhasdifferentproperties,andicesheetsmaycontainlargecracks,airpockets,orotherinconsistenciesthatmovement.”()”以及第四段中“However,mostmodelshaveassumedthatAntarcticicehasthesamephysicalpropertiesinalldirections.()有的冰運(yùn)動(dòng)模型不夠準(zhǔn)確是因?yàn)樗鼈兒雎粤四蠘O冰的不同特性。故選C。第9頁/共24頁【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Infact,asicegetsfartherfromthecontinent,itstartstobepulledouttosea.Theforcecausestheicetohavedifferentphysicalpropertiesindifferentdirections—aconceptcalledanisotropy(各向異性).“Ourstudyuncoversthatmostoftheiceshelfisanisotropic,”saidfirststudyauthoraresearcherinLai’slab.“Iceinthe5%compressionzonealmosthasthesamepropertywhilefortherest—theextensionzone,itisnotthecase.Nowbasedonthisnewmethod,weknowthatmodelspredictingthefutureevolutionofAntarcticashouldbeanisotropic.”(事實(shí)上，隨著冰層離大陸越來越遠(yuǎn)，它開始被拉向海洋。這種力使冰在不同方向上具有不同的物理特性——5%壓縮區(qū)的冰幾乎具有相同的特性，而其余的——延伸區(qū)，事實(shí)并非如此?，F(xiàn)在，基于這種新方法，我們知道預(yù)測(cè)南極洲未來演變的模型應(yīng)該)”可知，現(xiàn)在的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)冰架是各向異性的，也就是冰在各個(gè)方向上的表現(xiàn)是不同的，5%壓縮區(qū)的冰幾乎具有相同的特性，而其余的——延伸區(qū)，冰在各個(gè)方向上的表現(xiàn)是可變的。故選A?！绢}詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Next,researchersintendtocontinuetoperfecttheiranalysiswithadditionaldatafromtheAntarcticcontinentandmayusethesefindingstounderstandthestressesthatmaycausecracks.TheyhopetheirmethodswillassistwithmorescientificdiscoveriesandleadtonewcooperationwiththeEarthsciencecommunity.(接下來，研究人員打算利用來自南極大陸的更多數(shù)據(jù)繼續(xù)完善他們的分析，并可能利用這些發(fā)現(xiàn)來了解可能導(dǎo)致裂縫的應(yīng)力。他們希望他們的方法將有助于更多的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，并與地球科學(xué)界建立新的合作。)”可知，研究人員未來的計(jì)劃是他們將尋求更多的數(shù)據(jù)來改進(jìn)他們的分析。故選D。DNeurons(神經(jīng)元)havehistoricallybeenthecellmostassociatedwithmemory.Butfaroutsidethebrain,kidney(腎)cellscanalsostoreinformationandrecognizepatternsinasimilarwaytoneurons,researchersreportNovember7inNatureCommunications.Inexperiments,thekidneycellsshowedsignsofa“massed-spaceThiswell-knownfeatureofhowmemoryworksinthebrainfacilitatesstoringinformationinsmallgroupsovertime,ratherthanabiggroupatonce.Inneurons,whenachemicalsignalpassesthrough,thecellstartsproducingCREB,aproteincentraltomemoryprocessing.Theproteinthenturnsonmoregenesthatfurtherchangethecell,kick-startingthemolecular(分子的)memorymachine.KukushkinandcolleaguessetouttodeterminewhetherCREBinnon-neuronalcellsrespondstoincomingsignalsthesameway.Theresearchersimplantedanartificialgeneintohumankidneycells,whichincludedinstructionsfor第10頁/共24頁producingaglowingproteinfoundinfireflies(螢火蟲).Theteamthenwatchedthecellsrespondtoartificialchemicalpulsesthatcopythesignalsthatactivatethememoryactivationpathwaysinneurons.“Dependingonhowmuchlighttheglowingproteinproduces,weknowhowstronglythatmemorygenewasturnedon,”Kukushkinsays.“Thismassed-spacehasneverbeenseenoutsideabrain,”Kukushkinsays.“Butweproposethatifyougivenon-braincellscomplicatedenoughtasks,theymayalsobeabletoformamemory.”NeuroscientistAshokHegdefindsthestudyinterestingasitappliesa.neuroscienceprinciplebroadlytounderstandgeneexpressioninnon-neuronalcells.Butit’sunclearhowapplicablethefindingsaretootherkindsofcells,saysHegde.Still,hesaysthisresearchmaysomedayhelpwiththesearchforpotentialdrugstotreathumandisease,especiallythosewherememorylossoccurs.“Maybewecanthinkofcancercellsashavingmemories,andthinkaboutwhattheycanlearnfromthepatternoftreatment,”Kukushkinsays.“Maybeweneedtoconsidernotjusthowmuchdrugwearegivingaperson,butwhatisthetimepatternofthatdrug,justaswethinkabouthowtolearnmoreefficiently.”12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“massed-spaceeffect”?A.Ithelpsformlong-termmemoryinbraincells.B.Itenhancesmemoryprocessinginkidneycells.C.Itcontributestostoringinformationinlargeunits.D.Itdemonstrateshowmemoryfunctionsinthebrain.13.Whydidresearchersuseaglowingproteinfromfireflies?A.testthechemicalresistanceofcells.B.visualizethestructureofkidneycells.C.tracktheactivationlevelofmemorygenes.D.copythememoryactivationsignalsinneurons.14.WhatisKukushkin’smainsuggestionforcancertreatment?A.Adoptingshortermedicationcycles.B.Findingefficientlearningstrategies.C.Increasingthetotalamountofdrug.D.Designingthetreatmentscheduleofdrug.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMassed-SpaceofNeuronsB.KidneyCells’CapabilitytoStoreMemoryC.TheDiscoveryofaNewProteininKidneyCellsD.TheRoleofCREBProteininMemoryProcessing【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B第11頁/共24頁【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)腎細(xì)胞能夠通過類似神經(jīng)元的“質(zhì)量-間隔效應(yīng)”存儲(chǔ)信息，其記憶機(jī)制依賴CREB蛋白激活基因表達(dá)，打破了“記憶專屬大腦神經(jīng)元”的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知，并探討了其可能的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，如對(duì)癌癥治療的思路轉(zhuǎn)變?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inexperiments,thekidneycellsshowedsignsofa“massed-spaceeffect”.Thiswell-knownfeatureofhowmemoryworksinthebrainfacilitatesstoringinformationinsmallgroupsovertime,ratherthanabiggroupatonce.(在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，腎細(xì)胞顯示出“質(zhì)量-間隔效應(yīng)”的跡象。記憶在大腦中如何運(yùn)作的這一眾所周知的特征有助于隨著時(shí)間的推移將信息存儲(chǔ)在小群體中，而不是一次存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)大群體中)”Massed-space”描述的是記憶在大腦中是如何運(yùn)作的。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Dependingonhowmuchlighttheglowingproteinproduces,weknowhowstronglythatmemorygenewasturnedon()”可推斷出螢火蟲的發(fā)光蛋白質(zhì)用于檢測(cè)基因激活程度。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Maybeweneedtoconsidernotjusthowmuchdrugwearegivingaperson,butwhatisthetimepatternofthatdrug,justaswethinkabouthowtolearnmoreefficiently.(也許我們不僅要考慮給病人服用多少藥物，還要考慮服藥的時(shí)間模式，就像我們考慮如何更有效地學(xué)習(xí)一樣)”可知，Kukushkin關(guān)于癌癥治療建議是考慮藥物的“時(shí)間模式”。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Neurons(神經(jīng)元)havehistoricallybeenthecellmostassociatedwithmemory.Butfaroutsidethebrain,kidney(腎)cellscanalsostoreinformationandrecognizepatternsinasimilarwaytoneurons,researchersreportNovember7inNatureCommunications.(歷史上，神經(jīng)元一直是與記憶聯(lián)系最緊密的細(xì)胞。但研究人員月7日在《自然通訊》上報(bào)告說，遠(yuǎn)在大腦之外，腎細(xì)胞也能以與神經(jīng)元相似的方式存儲(chǔ)信息和識(shí)別模)”以及本文主要介紹新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)腎細(xì)胞也能用類似神經(jīng)元的機(jī)制存儲(chǔ)信息，及腎細(xì)胞也擁有記憶能力。故B選項(xiàng)“腎細(xì)胞儲(chǔ)存記憶的能力”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)共5小題每小題分，滿分分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThehistoriccityofSuzhouiscrossedwithcanals.Oldwhitewashedbuildingslinethebanks.AcenturyagosomeofthesewouldhavebeenChaguans,ortraditionalteahouses,wherelocalsgatheredtodiscussthenewsor第12頁/共24頁conductbusiness.____16____TherearedozensofStarbucksoutletsinSuzhou,aswellasothersellers.LastyearChinasurpassedAmerica,becomingthecountrywiththemostbrandedshopsintheworld.TheearlyhistoryofinChinaisunclear.ItisreportedthatitwasDaneswhoopenedthefirstshopinthecountryinthe1830s.____17____ThatwaspartlybecausetheQingdynastylookeddownuponforeignersandsoughttopreventtheirinfluence.Acenturylater,LuXun,acelebratedauthor,wrotethathedidn’tdrinkthe“Ialwaysthoughtitwasforthewesterners.”HeandmostotherChinesepeoplepreferredtea.____18____AfterChinaintroducedmarketreformsandopeneduptotheworldinthe1980s,foreignfirmssuchasMaxwellHouseandNestlebroughtinstanttothecountry.Theycateredtolocaltastes,makingtheirmixessweeterandlessbitterthanwhattheysoldelsewhere.Thebiggestcoffee-drinkinggroupwasstillwhite-collarworkersinfirst-tiercitiesagedbetween20and40.____19____awiderrangeofthepopulationispartakingthankstotheriseofdomesticchainssellingaffordableTheleaderisLuckinwithover20,000outlets.____20____AcupofbasicLuckinisaboutathirdofthepriceofanequivalentStarbucksoffering.Luckin’ssalesinChinaexceededStarbucks’forthefirsttimein2023.Bothchainsareexpandingintosmallercities.A.Starbucks,bycomparison,has7,300shops.B.Chinaishometonearly50,000suchoutlets.C.Unfortunately,thedrinkdidn’tcatchonthen.D.Itwastotallyadifferentstoryfiftyyearslater.E.HoldingaStarbuckscupbecameastatussymbolforthem.F.ThismarkedthebeginningofaneweraforinChina.G.visitorsaremorelikelytofindshopsservingadifferentkindofdrink.【答案】16.G17.C18.D19.E20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了咖啡在中國的歷史發(fā)展以及當(dāng)前的市場(chǎng)狀況?！?6題詳解】空前“AcenturyagosomeofthesewouldhavebeenChaguans,ortraditionalteahouses,wherelocalsgatheredtodiscussthenewsorconductbusiness.(一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前，其中一些是茶館，或傳統(tǒng)的茶館，當(dāng)?shù)厝司奂谶@里討論新聞或做生意)”說明的是以前人們?cè)诓桊^聚集，下文“TherearedozensofStarbucksoutletsinSuzhou,aswellasothersellers.LastyearChinasurpassedAmerica,becomingthecountrywiththemostbrandedshopsintheworld.(Starbucks第13頁/共24頁國，成為世界上擁有品牌咖啡店最多的國家)”說明中國有很多賣咖啡的門店，G選項(xiàng)“visitorsaremorelikelytofindshopsservingadifferentkindofdrink.(如今，游客們更有可能找到供應(yīng)不同種類飲料的商店)”說明了如今游客可以找到很多賣飲料的店，承接上文的“以前”，引起下文“供應(yīng)不同種類飲料的商店”，因此G選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境，故選G?！?7題詳解】空前“ItisreportedthatitwasDaneswhoopenedthefirstshopinthecountryinthe1830s.(據(jù)報(bào)道，19世紀(jì)30年代，丹麥人在該國開設(shè)了第一家咖啡店)”說明了丹麥人開了第一家咖啡店，空后“ThatwaspartlybecausetheQingdynastylookeddownuponforeignersandsoughttopreventtheirinfluence.(部分原因是清朝看不起外國人，并試圖阻止他們的影響)”說明了清朝阻止外國人的影響，由此可見，咖啡當(dāng)時(shí)不受歡迎，C選項(xiàng)“Unfortunately,thedrinkdidn’tcatchonthen.()”說明了咖啡沒有流行起來，承上啟下，符合語境，故選C?！?8題詳解】空后“AfterChinaintroducedmarketreformsandopeneduptotheworldinthe1980s,foreignfirmssuchasMaxwellHouseandNestlebroughtinstanttothecountry.(中國在20世紀(jì)80年代實(shí)行市場(chǎng)改革并向世界)”說明后來咖啡開始在中國流行開，D選項(xiàng)“Itwastotallyadifferentstoryfiftyyearslater.(50年后，情況完全不同了)”說明了50年后事情發(fā)生了變化，引起下文，符合語境，故選D。【19題詳解】空前“Thebiggestcoffee-drinkinggroupwasstillwhite-collarworkersinfirst-tiercitiesagedbetween20and40.(最大的咖啡飲用群體仍然是一線城市20至40歲的白領(lǐng))”說明了白領(lǐng)是最大的咖啡消費(fèi)群體，空格處也應(yīng)該描述人們喝咖啡這件事，E選項(xiàng)“HoldingaStarbuckscupbecameastatussymbolforthem.(拿著星巴克的杯子成為了他們地位的象征)”中的them承接上文，符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】空前“TheleaderisLuckinwithover20,000outlets.(領(lǐng)頭羊是瑞幸咖啡，擁有超過2萬家門店)”說明了瑞幸有很多門店，空后“AcupofbasicLuckinisaboutathirdofthepriceofanequivalentStarbucksoffering.Luckin’ssalesinChinaexceededStarbucks’forthefirsttimein2023.(一杯瑞幸咖啡的價(jià)格大約是星巴2023)應(yīng)該提到星巴克有多少門店，A選項(xiàng)“Starbucks,bycomparison,has7,300shops.(7300家門店)”說明了星巴克有多少門店，承上啟下，符合語境，故選A。第14頁/共24頁第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題每小題1分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的、、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)?！癢hywouldyoudosomethinglikethis?”Iaskedasthewomanputherblousebackon.Shelookedatme,____21____.“Imean,I’mverygrateful,”Iadded,“Butitcan’tbenicehavingdozensofmedicalstudents____22____you.”Sheshookherheadandrepliedpeacefully,“It’smywayofsayingthankyou.Thishospitalsavedmylife.I____23____them.”Ilookedathermedicalhistoryinmynotebook.Fifteenyearsago,shewas____24____ofbreastcancer.Thetumor(腫瘤)wasremoved,andthenshereceived____25____.Sevenyearslater,thecancer____26____,andsheunderwentanoperationtoremoveabreast.Itwashardtoimaginethatsomeonesufferingsomuchwouldwillingly____27____themselvestotheshameforbaringherbodytoothers.shejustwantedtorepaytheby____28____tobeapatientformedicalschoolfinals,withoutexpectinganythinginreturn.____29____,Irealizehowmuchmytrainingdependedonsuchselflesspeople.Behindeverysuccessfuldoctorstandanumberof____30____—thosewhodonatetheirbodiesfordissection(解剖),thosewhoallowstudentstoexaminethem,andthosewhosharetheir____31____.Whattheywentthroughisoftentiringoruncomfortable,yettheyreceivelittle____32____.Theseunsungheroesmakemedicaleducation____33____.Theircontributionsarerarelyacknowledged.However,withoutthem,youngdoctorscouldn’t____34____theirskills.Whiledoctorsmighthelppeople,theywouldn’tbeina(n)____35____todosoifpeoplehadn’thelpedthemfirst.21.A.surprisedB.annoyedC.pleasedD.disappointed22.A.helpingB.detectingC.monitoringD.surrounding23.A.adoreB.oweC.praiseD.treasure24.A.persuadedB.suspectedC.informedD.reminded25.A.surgeryB.encouragementC.adviceD.treatment26.A.remainedB.returned