新疆兵團(tuán)第二師華山中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期周測（一）英語試題

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2017-2018學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高二年級周測卷英語試卷（第一次)（考試時間:40分鐘，滿分100分）ADoyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself？Well，apparentlyit'sbecausewehavemirrorneurons(神經(jīng)元）inourbrains。Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitate（模仿)it，whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile,talk，walk,danceorplaysports。Buttheideagoesfurther：mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactions，theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople。Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains，butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento(forexample："Thehandtookholdoftheball”）,thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed（inthisexample，actuallytakingholdofaball)。Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior。Muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.However，itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders。Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract(互動)。Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalent(相等物)forneuroscienceofwhatEinstein'stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics。Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes—well,perhapsyou’llunderstandwhy.1。Mirrorneuronscanexplain。A。whywecrywhenwearehurtB。whywecoughwhenwesufferfromacoldC.whywesmilewhenweseesomeoneelsesmileD.whyweyawnwhenweseesomeoneelsestayuplate2。Theword“triggered”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“___".A.setoff B。cutoffC.builtup D。brokenup3。Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatmirrorneurons。A.relatetohumanbehaviorandinteractionB。controlhumanphysicalactionsandfeelingsC。resultinbadbehaviorandsocialdisordersD.determineourknowledgeandlanguageabilities4。Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？A。Waystofindmirrorneurons。B。Problemsofmirrorneurons.C.Existenceofmirrorneurons.D。Functionsofmirrorneurons。BIhavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeedingababyregularly。Asadoctor，motherandscientistinchilddevelopmentIbelievethereisnothingtorecommendit，fromthebaby’spointofview。Mothers,doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy’sbloodsugarlevellies。Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate，thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible。Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth。Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafour—hourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied。Thefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclock-watchingschedulewasDrFredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthenight。I’veneverheardanythingsoridiculous。Babyfeedingshouldn’tfollowatimetablesetbythemum。Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway，thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks。Well，atlastwehavecopper—bottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding.Theresearchfindsoutthatbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5，7，11and14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock。Bytheageof8，theirIQ(智商）scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable。ThisresearchcomesfromOxfordandEssexUniversityusingasample（樣本）of10,419childrenbornintheearly1990s，takingaccountofparentaleducation,familyincome,achild’ssexandage，themother’shealthandfeedingstyle。Theseresultsdon’tsurpriseme。Feedingaccordingtoschedulerunstheriskofharmingtherapidlygrowingbrainbytakingnoaccountofsinkingbloodsugarlevels。Ihopethisresearchwillputanendtoadvocatingstrictlytimedbabyfeedingpractices。5。AccordingtoParagraph2,onereasonwhyababycriesisthatitfeels_.A。sick B。upsetC。sleepy D。hungry6。WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDrKing？A.Heisstrict.B.Heisunkind。C.HehasthewrongideaD。Hesetsatimetableformothers。7。Thewordcopper—bottomedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto。A。basic B。reliableC.surprising D。interesting8.Whatdoestheresearchtellusaboutfeedingababyondemand？A.Thebabywillsleepwell.B。Thebabywillhaveitsbrainharmed.C.Thebabywillhavealowbloodsugarlevel.D.Thebabywillgrowtobewiserbytheageof8.9.Theauthorsupportsfeedingthebaby。A.inthenightB.everyfourhoursC.wheneveritwantsfoodD.accordingtoitsbloodsugarlevelCAstronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday’swork.ThistypeofscheduleisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)。ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear。TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail，internetphoneandthroughprivatevideoconferences。Whileastronautscannotgotoabaseballgameoramovieinorbit,therearemanyfamiliaractivitiesthattheycanstillenjoy。Beforeamission,thefamilyandfriendsofeachISScrewmemberputtogetheracollectionoffamilyphotos，messages，videosandreadingmaterialfortheastronautstolookatwhentheywillbefloating370kilometersabovetheEarth。Duringtheirmission,thecrewalsoreceivescarepackageswithCDs，books,magazines,photosandletters.Andasfromearly2010，theinternetbecameavailableontheISS,givingastronautsthechancetodosome“websurfing（沖浪）”intheirpersonaltime.Besidesrelaxingwiththesemorecommonentertainments,astronautscansimplyenjoytheexperienceoflivinginspace。ManyastronautssaythatoneofthemostrelaxingthingstodoinspaceistolookoutthewindowandstareattheuniverseandtheEarth.BoththeshuttleandtheISScircletheplanetseveraltimeseachday,andeverymomentoffersanewviewoftheEarth'svastlandmassandoceans。10.Whatdoestheword“mimic”inParagraph1probablymean?A。Find. B.Copy。 C.Change. D。Lose。11。WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefamiliesoftheastronautsontheISS?A。Theyarecaringandthoughtful.B.Theyareworriedandupset.C。Theyareimpatientandannoyed.D。Theyareexcitedandcurious。12。Inthefinalparagraph,theauthorshowsthatastronauts.A.getmorepleasureinspacethanontheEarthB。findlivinginspaceabitboringandtiringC.regardspacelifeascommonD.lovetoseetheEarthfromspace13.Thepassagemainlydiscusseshowastronauts.A.workforlongermissionsinspaceB。connectwithpeopleontheEarthC。observetheEarthfromspaceD。spendtheirfreetimeinspaceDHoney(蜂蜜）fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious。Mostpeople,andmanyanimals，likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees'nest(巢)andtakethehoneyfromit.Often，thesenestsarehighupintrees，anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though，peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide。Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney，butitdoeslikethewax（蜂蠟)inthebeehives(蜂房).Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax，whichisdeepinsidethebees'nest。So，whenitfindsasuitablenest，itlooksforsomeonetohelpit。Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention，itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest，thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground，andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax，butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway。Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives,andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.14。Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees'nest?A.It'ssmallinsize。B.It’shiddenintrees.C.It'scoveredwithwax.D。It'shardtorecognize。15.Whatdothewords“thefollower”inParagraph2referto？A。Abee。B.Abird。C.Ahoneyseeker. D。Abeekeeper。16.Thehoneyguideisspecialintheway。A.itgetsitsfoodB.itgoestochurchC.itsingsintheforestD。itreachesintobees'nests17.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？A.WildBeesB。WaxandHoneyC。BeekeepinginAfricaD。Honey—Lover’sHelperEYoumaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport，butitisreallynothardtolearnit。Youdonotneedtobestrong。Butyouneedtobequick。Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.First，youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside？”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.Let'sstartwiththewindblowingfrombehind.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection。Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat。Itshouldbeata90°angle（角度）totheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside，itisblowingacrosstheboat。Inthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat。Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind，butitshouldn’tflap(擺動)。Itshouldn'tlooklikeaflagonaflagpole。Ifitisflapping,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown.Sailingintothewindisnotpossible。Ifyoutry，thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible，butyoucan'tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother。Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking，youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.18.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?A.Sailors’strength。 B.Wavelevels。C.Winddirections。D.Sizeofsails。19。Whatdoestheword“It”underlinedinParagraph4referto？A.Theboat。 B。Thewind.C.Thesail. D.Theangle。20。Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind？A。Moveinastraightline。 B.Allowthesailtoflap.C.Lowerthesail. D。Tacktheboat。21。Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A。Inapopularmagazine. B。Inatouristguidebook。C。Inaphysicstextbook. D。Inanofficialreport。FEatingtoomuchfattyfood，exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease。Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately：theairyoubreathe.Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure（暴露)toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblems，buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke（中風(fēng)）withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch，scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants(污染物）wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure。AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU。S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）considerstobeof“moderate”(良好)qualityandrelativelysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34％within12to14hoursofexposure。Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.22.Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween.A。heartproblemsandairqualityB.heartproblemsandexercisingC。heartproblemsandsmokingD.heartproblemsandfattyfood24.Theword“modest”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans。A.relativelyhigh B。extremelylowC.relativelylow D.extremelyhigh24。Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A。Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.B。TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.C。Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking.D.Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade。25.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthetextismostlikelyto.A.inform B。persuade C。describe D.entertainGHowtoMakeFriendsFriendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends。Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits。Itofferscompanionship，improvesself-worthandpromotesgoodhealth。Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools。Suchchangesoftenleaveuswithoutafriend。26Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Belowaresome