2023年12月英語四級閱讀真題

2023年12月高校英語四級閱讀真題

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PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithten

blanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfrom

alistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.

Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.

Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe

correspondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewords

inthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedon

thefollowingpassage.

Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollution

coststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyin

welfarecosts,withthemostserious26occurringinthe

developingworld.Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27

withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billiona

year.Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.

Indoorpollution,whichincludes28likehomeheatingand

cooking,hasremained29overthepastseveraldecadesdespite

advancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrown

rapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.

DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChris

Murray30itasan"urgentcalltoaction.”"Oneoftherisk

factorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhich

individualshavelittle31/hesaid.Theeffectsofairpollution

areworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaces

lost-laborincome32nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10people

inlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey

33experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.But

theproblemisnotlimited34tothedevelopingworld.

ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelated

illnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel(柴油)35

havebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreaches

tensofthousands.

A)abilityB)associatedC)consciouslyD)constant

E)controlF)damageG)describedH)equals

I)exclusivelyJ)innovatedK)regularly

L)relatesM)sourcesN)undermineO)vehicles

答案：26.Fdamage(損害)27.Bassociated(與...有聯(lián)系)

28.Msources(來源)29.Dconstant(不斷的，常存在的)

30.Gdescribed（描述）31.Econtrol（限制）32.Hequals（等

同于）33.Kregularly（常常地）34.1exclusively（僅僅,唯

一地）35.Ovehicles（車輛）

解析：

26.Fdamage空格所在句子的含義為：空氣污染每年在福利

費用方面給全球經(jīng)濟造成5萬多億損失，最大的……發(fā)生在

發(fā)展中國家。依據(jù)上下文可知這里應當填入一個跟損失有關

聯(lián)的詞匯，另外在語法上這里應當填入一個名詞devastating,

“具有破壞力的”修飾，所以我們應當可以確定答案為

damage,"損害"n.

27.Bassociated空格所在句子的含義為：這個福利數(shù)字包

含很多與空氣污染……的福利費用，比如健康與消費。依據(jù)

語法上推斷，這里應當填入一個過去分詞做costs的后置定

語,另外從語義上推斷,associatedwithairpollution做cost

的后置定語，表示與空氣污染相關的費用，語義上也符合上

下文語境。

28.Msources空格所在的句子的含義為：室內(nèi)污染，包括

像暖氣和做飯一樣的……。從語法上推斷這里應當填入名詞,

并且這個名詞是一個大范圍的詞可以包括暖氣和做飯，另外

從語義上推斷sourceslikehomeheatingandcooking表示像

暖氣和做飯一樣的來源也符合上下文語境。

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewith

tenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformation

giveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfrom

whichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraph

morethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answer

thequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet2.

Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress

[A]Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesof

Ralph'smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearinga

whitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecent

day,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaisle

withAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkids

whopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy."Haveyou

thoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?”heasksher.

“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruits

arereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasyto

prepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeand

haveitreadythenextmorning.”

[B]Scottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhois

programdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetes

Center,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter's

'ShopwithYourDoc,programsendsdoctorstothegrocery

storetomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice,plus

anyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.

[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni（通心粉）-and-cheese

boxesinScotfsshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowhole

grainmacaroniandrealcheese.4tSoI'dhavetomakeit?”she

asks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthat

mighttakeJusttohaveherkidsrejectii."I'mnotsurethey'd

eatit.Theyjustwon'teatit.”

[D]Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributors

totherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.€tInAmerica,over50

percentofourfoodisprocessedfoodJNadeautellsher."And

only5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshould

trytoreversethat.”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthe

kidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointfor

thedoctor,zerofordiabetes.

[E]Ncideauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacross

California.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaround

fordecades,butit'smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedical

institutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthan

relyingsolelyonmedications（藥物）.Byprescribingnutritional

changesorlaunchingprogramssuchas"ShopwithyourDoc',

theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseaseby

changingwhatpatientseat."There'snoquestionpeoplecan

takethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghigh

bloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoicesJ

Nadeausays.

[FJInthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOand

presidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacross

thestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecoming

ahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.That

feelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantry

programatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,which

completeditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoing

basistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwill

offerpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,

alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit."Wereallywant

tolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfbod,“saysDr.

RitaNguyen,thehospitafsmedicaldirectorofHealthyFood

Initiatives."Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey,reeating,

howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives.”

|G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolof

Medicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresident

physiciansinLifestyleMedicine一thatisaformalspecialtyin

usingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshow

thepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnot

meanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillness

canbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,

physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclear

pictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsin

theAmericandietcontributetothenation'shighratesofobesity,

diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealth

Organization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstroke

arecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevated

cholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.

[H]"It'sadifferentparadigm（范式）ofhowtotreatdisease/5

saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrunthefamilyandpreventive

medicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchool

ofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotrain

doctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,bychanging

patients,nutritionalhabits.Themedicalcenterandschoolat

LomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboardandkitchenforpatients.

Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy,but

alsohowtopreparethemathome.

[I]Manypeopledon'tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andthey

onlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdependingon

packagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteaching

peopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,

shesays,canactuallytransfbnnapatient'slife.Andbeyondthat,

itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient'sfamily.

“WhatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoisonJReasays.“Asa

physician,nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucan

changetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.

fJ]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescan

slowinflammation（炎癥）,forexample,ormakethebody

inhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicine

physiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet-particularlyfor

peoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.

[K]"Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireacultural

shift,butthatcanhappenJsaysNguyen."Inthesameway

physiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwere

abletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscanhavea

biggervoiceinit.”

36.MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatis

factory-produced.

37.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogive

advicetoshoppersinfoodstores.

38.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelps

patientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.

39.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.

40.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheir

life.

41.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfor

treatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.

42.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingitwould

simplybeawasteoftime.

43.Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfood.

44.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovement

ismakingheadwaythesedays.

45.Americans,highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthe

waytheyeat.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageis

followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreach

ofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Californiahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow,with

certainareasevenhavingtopumpfreshwaterhundredsofmiles

totheirdistributionsystem.Theproblemisgrowingasthe

populationofthestatecontinuestoexpand.Newresearchhas

founddeepwaterreservesunderthestatewhichcouldhelp

solvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrillingofwellscouldonly

reachdepthsof1,000feet,butduetonewpumpingpractices,

waterdeeperthanthiscannowbeextracted（抽取）.Theteamat

Stanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers（地卜蓄水層）belowthisdepth

andfoundthatreservesmaybetriplewhatwaspreviously

thought.

Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethan1,000feetforoiland

gasextraction,butonlyrecentlyinCaliforniahasitbecome

profitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifersrange

from1,000to3,000feetbelowtheground,whichmeansthat

pumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereareotherconcerns.The

biggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthisdeepinthe

gradualsettlingdownofthelandsurface.Asthewateris

pumpedout,thevacantspaceleftiscompactedbytheweightof

theearthabove.

Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive,itisstill

cheaperthandesalinating（脫鹽）theoceanwaterinthelargely

coastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible,but

theyarecostlytorunandcanneedconstantrepairs.Wellsare

muchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,andCaliforniais

hopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybetheanswertotheirsevere

watershortage.

Oneproblemwiththesesourcesisthatthedeepwateralsohasa

higherlevelofsaltthanshalloweraquifers.Thismeansthat

somewellsmayevenneedtoundergodesalinationafter

extraction,thusincreasingthecost.Researchfromthe

exhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drillinglogshas

justbeenpublished.Newestimatesofthewaterreservesnowgo

upto2,700billioncubicmetersoffreshwater.

46.HowcouldCalifornia^droughtcrisisbesolvedaccording

tosomeresearchers?

A)Bybuildingmorereservesofgroundwater.

B)Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.

C)Bydevelopingmoreadvanceddrillingdevices.

D)Byupgradingitswaterdistributionsystem.

47.Whatcanbeinferredaboutextractingwaterfromdeep

aquifers?

A)Itwasdeemedvitaltosolvingthewaterproblem.

B)Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpense.

C)Itmaynotprovidequalityfreshwater.

D)Itisboundtogainsupportfromthelocalpeople.

48.Whatismentionedasaconsequenceofextractingwater

fromdeepunderground?

A)Thesinkingoflandsurface.C)Thedamagetoaquifers.

B)Theharmtotheecosystem.D)Thechangeoftheclimate.

49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdeepwells?

A)Theyrunwithoutanyneedforrepairs.

B)Theyareentirelyfreefrompollutants.

C)Theyaretheultimatesolutiontodroughts.

D)Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.

50.Whatmayhappenwhendeepaquifersareusedaswater

sources?

A)People'shealthmayimprovewithcleanerwater.

B)People'swaterbillsmaybeloweredconsiderably.

C)Thecostmaygoupduetodesalination.

D)Theymaybeexhaustedsoonerorlater.

答案

46.B)Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.

47.B)Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpense.

48.A)Thesinkingoflandsurface.

49.D)Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.

50.C)Thecostmaygoupduetodesalination.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheAlphaGoprogram'svictoryisanexampleofhowsmart

computershavebecome.

Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethically,

meaningcantheybehonestandfair?

OneexampleofAIisdriverlesscars.Theyarealreadyon

Californiaroads,soitisnottoosoontoaskwhetherwecan

programamachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove,

theywillsavelives.Theywillmakefewermistakesthanhuman

driversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillfaceachoice

betweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhittinga

childrunningacrosstheroad,evenifthatwillputtheir

passengersatrisk?Whataboutmakingasuddenturntoavoida

dog?Whatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothecaritself,nottothe

passengers?

Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,but

theyarenotsuper-intelligentbeings.Teachingethicstoa

machineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebigger

challenge.

AboutthesametimeasAlphaGo'striumph,Microsoffs

'chatbot9tookabadturn.Thesoftware,namedTaylor,was

designedtoanswermessagesfrompeopleaged18-24.Taylor

wassupposedtobeabletolearnfromthemessagesshereceived.

Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilitytohandle

conversations,butsomepeoplewereteachingTaylorracist

ideas.WhenshestartedsayingnicethingsaboutHitler,

Microsoftturnedheroffanddeletedherugliestmessages.

AlphaGo'svictoiyandTaylor'sdefeathappenedataboutthe

sametime.Thisshouldbeawarningtous.Itisonethingtouse

AIwithinagamewithclearrulesandcleargoals.Itis

somethingverydifferenttouseAIintherealworld.The

unpredictabilityoftherealworldmaybringtothesurfacea

troublingsoftwareproblem.EricSchmidtisoneofthe

bossesofGoogle,whichownAlphoGo.HethinksAIwillbe

positivefor