2025年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)《閱讀理解-推理判斷之寫作方法》專項(xiàng)測(cè)試卷（帶答案）

2025年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)《閱讀理解-推理判斷之寫作方法》專項(xiàng)測(cè)試卷帶答案

學(xué)校:姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：

考情探究

1.三年真題考點(diǎn)分布

題及、推理判斷之寫作方法

2021試卷類型設(shè)問考點(diǎn)

閱讀理解

2021?北京卷閱讀D32.Theauthorraisesthreequestionsin寫作方法

Paragraph2mainlyto________.

20202020?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)in32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbythe寫作方法

examplesinparagraph1?

20122020?全國(guó)新高考I68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearning寫作方法

山東卷by_________.

2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略

【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對(duì)于閱讀理解中沒有對(duì)寫作方法進(jìn)行考查，這不意味著未來不會(huì)考查。高考備考要充

分準(zhǔn)備未來可能考的題，不是盲目追風(fēng)必考考過的試題。主要考查：

根據(jù)閱讀文章整體或某一段落的內(nèi)容推斷寫作手法。推斷寫作方法的方法：1.通過分析文章內(nèi)容，斷定文章采用的

寫作方法，即舉例說明法、比較說明法、對(duì)比說明或論證法、設(shè)問引起讀者注意等；2.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，如果是記敘

文，通常采用以時(shí)間為序、以地點(diǎn)為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序(開端、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局)等敘事方式進(jìn)行寫作。

也可能是倒敘的方法。

【備考策略】系統(tǒng)歸類推斷文章寫作方法；熟練掌握閱讀技能。

【命題預(yù)測(cè)】

通過閱讀理解中，推斷文章寫作方法考查考生的基本的寫作技能，在新高考命題中很可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)。推斷文章寫

作方法的命題依據(jù)是：新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中要求學(xué)生掌握：常見文章文體的寫作方法。因此，推斷文章寫作方法的推理判

斷題，有可能在2024年高考中將成為高考閱讀理解的題型，應(yīng)該倍加注意。

考點(diǎn)梳理

[2023年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】

推理判斷之寫作手法考點(diǎn)是高考中的?？键c(diǎn)。作者在寫作文章的時(shí)候總是要用一些寫作手法，了解寫作手法是

學(xué)生閱讀理解要掌握的內(nèi)容之一。做這類題時(shí)，我們可以借鑒中文的一些寫作手法，在寫作方法上它們是相通的。

預(yù)測(cè)在2023高考中，寫作手法有可能會(huì)在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)。

【推理判斷之寫作手法考點(diǎn)指南】

規(guī)律方法：

常見的設(shè)問方式：

(1)Howisthepassageorganized?

第1頁共34頁

(2)Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby.

(3)Thefirstparagraphservesasa(n).

(4)Theexampleof...isgiventoshow/illustratethat.

了解文章的修辭手法。從修辭手法上講，在高考閱讀中主要考查下定義、分類說明、列舉例證和對(duì)比等寫作手

法。其中，“引用”和“例證”是議論文和說明文中最常用的寫作手法之一。是歷年高考閱讀試題中必不可缺的命題方

向?！耙谩焙汀袄C”的共同目的就是增強(qiáng)說服力，以更好的達(dá)到說理、說明的目的?！耙谩焙汀袄C”的共同功能就

是服務(wù)于段落或篇章的主題。

說明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、對(duì)比或比較等說明方式進(jìn)行寫作，而這些說明方式都是為了使文章

要說明的內(nèi)容或問題更加清晰明了、真實(shí)可信，或者更具說服力。

記敘文可以采取以時(shí)間為序、以地點(diǎn)為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序(開端、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局)等敘事方式進(jìn)

行寫作。以故事情節(jié)為序又可以不按照時(shí)間的先后順序敘述，比如，先寫結(jié)局，再寫其他，最后寫高潮，這種敘事

手法叫做倒敘。

☆典例引領(lǐng)

[2012?全國(guó)卷I,D]

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticed

eversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackin

thewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.A

motherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,little

star"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.

Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,

additionallearningtrials(嘗試)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.

Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafter

wehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"and

childhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.

Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthat

welearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverleaminchildhood.

Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突擊學(xué)習(xí))foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassing

grade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtoget

byontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,

isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.

68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby.

A.presentingresearchfindings

B.settingdowngeneralrules

C.makingacomparison

D.usingexamples

即時(shí)檢測(cè)

________

1.12023屆安徽省A10聯(lián)盟高考最后一卷】

Waterequalslife.Thisistrueforpeople,animalsandplants.Andwhilewaterisplentifulinsomelocations,thisisnot

第2頁共34頁

thecaseallovertheworld.NowscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）mayhavedevelopeda

waytochangethat.

Thenewdesalination（脫鹽）deviceproduceswateractuallyabovetheWorldHealthOrganizationstandards,justby

pushingabutton.Therearenofilters（過濾器）required,andthedeviceuseselectricalpowertoremovesaltandother

particles（微粒）——includingbacteriaandviruses——fromthesaltwater.Thisreducestheneedforconstantmaintenance.

Mostcommerciallyavailableportabledesalinationunitsusefiltersthatrequirehigh-pressurepumpstopushthewater,

whichmakesthemhugeinsizeandlessenergyefficient.ThefilterlessMITdevicewillallowittobeusedinremoteor

resource-limitedplaceslikesmallislands,ships,andevenforemergencyuse.

Thedevicetookyearstodevelop.Afterrunningtestsinthelabwithwaterthathaddifferentsalinityandparticles,it

wastestedatBoston'sCarsonBeach.Thedeviceproduceddrinkablewaterinjusthalfanhour.

Thenewdesalinationunitneedslesspowerthanacellphonecharger,reportedFastCompany,andworksusingtwo

typesofelectricalfieldstofilterthesaltwater.Butbestofall,itisdesignedtobeusedbyaveragepeopleandnotengineers.

Infact,thedeviceonlyhasthreebuttons,onetopowerthedevice,onetostartit,andonetostopit.

Theresearchersarestillworkingonafinaldesignthatcouldusecheapermaterialstomakeitreadybytheendofnext

year.Thissmallbutmightydesalinationunitmaybethekeytobringingsafewatertoathirstyworld.

1.Whafstheadvantageofthenewdesalinationdevice?

A.Ifsconvenient.B.Ifsalotcheaper.

C.Ithasimprovedfilters.D.Ithasalargeroutput.

2.Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?

A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Bygivingexamples.

C.Byanalyzingcauses.D.Bylistingfigures.

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemostoutstandingqualityofthenewdevice?

A.Itrequiresmuchlesspower.

B.Itpossessestwoelectricalfields.

C.Itcanbeeasilyoperatedbyordinarypeople.

D.Itiscontrolledbythesamebutton.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Deeperresearchfindsnewcontentsofseawater

B.Bettermethodimprovesthequalityofdrinkingwater

C.Reportshowsaworldthirstyforsafedrinkingwater

D.Newportabledevicemakesseawaterdrinkableontheway

2.[2023屆江蘇省徐州市高三5月考前模擬】

Ifreducingstresshasbeenonyoursummertodolist,there,sonepowerfulthingyoucanstilldobeforetheseason

ends:getinthehabitoftakingawalkoutsidewithafriend.

Aquickwalkinnaturewithafriendcombinesthreeofthemosteffectivestress-reducingandresilience,恢復(fù)

力）buildingtechniques:physicalexercise,spendingtimeinnatureandsocialconnection.Theactivityworksbyhelping

normalizethehormonalchangesthatresultfromlongtimestressandenhancingtheemotionalresourcesthathelpuscope.

Walkingquicklyactivates（激活）thebody'sstressresponse.Andwhenthewalkisover,thestresssystemcomesback

downtobaseline.Regularexercisehelpsyourstressresponsebecomemoreefficient,saysJenniferHeisz,associate

第3頁共34頁

professoratMcMasterUniversity.

Aslittleas10minutesofsittingorwalkinginnaturecandecreaseaperson'sheartrate,bloodpressureandcortisol

levels,aswellasself-reportedstresslevels.Onepossibleexplanation,theresearcherssay,isthatspendingtimeinnature

lowerstheactivityofoursympatheticnervoussystem,whichregulatesstresshormones,andtapsintothe

parasympathetic（副交感）nervoussystem,whichpromotesourcalmandrelaxationresponses.

Takingthathikewithalovedonecanfurtherreducestressbyaddingtheimportantelementofsocialconnection.

Talkingwithtrustedfriendshelpspeopleprocessstressfuleventsandliftsself-esteem.Socialsupporthaspositiveeffectson

thebrainandbody,scientificresearchfinds.

Earlierthisyear,CassieMorenowasinarutofstressandanxiety.Shewasstartinganewjob,strugglingtomakenew

friendsduringthepandemic,andgoingthroughabreakup.StrollingalongtheHudsonRiverwithotherwomen,the

26-year-oldMainenativesaysshefeltanimmediatesurgeofconfidenceandcalm.

“Iwas,like,howdowelivehere?Lookatthewater!LookattheStatueofLiberty!Howdidwegetthislucky?”she

says.

1.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?

A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyanargument.

C.Topresentafact.D.Tointroduceatopic.

2.Whatisanadvantageofspendingtimeinnature?

A.Reducingbloodpressure.B.Liftingself-esteem.

C.Raisingstresshormones.D.Activatingnervoussystem.

3.WhatdoesCassieMoreno?sremarkinthelastparagraphindicate?

A.Shewasrefreshedwithconfidence.

B.Shewasinastateofstressandanxiety.

C.Shewasstrugglingthroughahardtime.

D.Shewasamazedbythefantasticscenery.

4.Howisthepassagedeveloped?

A.Bygivingexplanations.B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Bylistingexamples.D.Byprovingassumptions.

■好題沖關(guān)

基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)

（最新模擬試題演練）

1.12023屆浙江省四校（杭州二中、溫州中學(xué)、紹興一中、金華一中）高三5月聯(lián)考】

AsanintenseheatwavesweepsthroughChina,residentsareseekingreliefinairraidsheltersandswimmingpoolsto

staycool,anddozensofcities,includingShanghai,ChongqingandHangzhou,haveissuedtheirhighest-levelredalert

warnings.Shanghaihasissuedthreeredalertsthisyear,withthetemperaturehitting40.9CelsiusonJuly13,matchingthe

recordsetin2017since1873.ThefactthatShanghaihasexperiencedonly16daysof40℃-plustemperaturessincethecity

begankeepingrecordsin1873shouldgiveusanideaabouttheseriousnessofthesituation.

Medicalexpertssayextremeheatcouldcausenausea（惡心），fatigue,sunstrokeandevendeath,withseniorcitizens

第4頁共34頁

andpeoplewithlong-termillnessesparticularlyvulnerabletoheatwaves.

Extremeheatevents,whichbeganamonthago,haveaffectedthelivesofmorethan900millionpeopleinChina.

BetweenJune1andJuly12,theaveragenumberofdayswithtemperaturesabove35℃was5.3,up2.4daysovernormal

years,breakingthenationalrecordsetin1961,accordingtotheNationalClimateCenter.

PartsofEuropearealsointhegripofheatwavesandexperiencingextremeweathereventsafterthewesternpartof

NorthAmericafacedextremeheatwaveslastyear.Inresponsetotheexceptionallyhightemperatures,theUnitedKingdom

hasdeclaredanationalemergencyandissuedthehighest-levelredalertwarningforMondayandTuesdayforthefirsttime.

Morealarmingly,theaverageglobaltemperatureinJunethisyearwas0.4℃higherthannormalyearsandthehighestsince

1979,withtemperaturesincountriessuchasSpain,FranceandItalyexceeding40℃.

Unfortunately,extremeheat,whichisdirectlyrelatedtoclimatechange,willbecomemorefrequentandintenseinthe

next30years,settingnewrecordsforhightemperatures.Asglobalwarmingintensifies,lossesanddevastationwillincrease,

forcingnaturalandhumansystemstoraisetheiradaptationlimits.

1.Whatcanweknowabouttheheatwavesthisyear?

A.Itmaycausemoreharmtotheoldandpeoplewithlong-termillnesses.

B.Thenumberofdaysabove35℃inJunebreaksthenationalrecord.

C.Shanghaihasexperiencedahighertemperaturethanthatin2017.

D.ThewholeEuropeaswellasAmericaaresufferingfromtheheatwaves.

2.Howdoestheauthordevelopthetext?

A.Byanalyzingandconcluding.B.Byexplainingandcontrasting.

C.Bygivingexamplesandquoting.D.Bygivingfiguresandcomparing.

3.Accordingtothewriter,whatisthetrendofextremeheat?

A.Becomingmoreserious.B.Remainingstable.

C.Stayingunpredictable.D.Gettingcontrollable.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thesolutionstotheclimatechange.B.Theeconomiclossesfromheatwaves.

C.Theincreaseofsevereheatwaves.D.Thedestructiveeffectofglobalwarming.

2.【2023年遼寧省高三第二次全省統(tǒng)考暨朝陽市第一高級(jí)中學(xué)高三四?！?/p>

ThreeFormatsofBooks

Printedbooksaremostlyproducedinthreefundamentalformats:Hardcover,TradePaperback,andMassMarket

Paperback.

Ahardcover(alsoknownashardbackorhardbound)isatypeofbookthatisboundwithhardandrigidprotective

coversandthepagesareoftenstronglyheldtogetherwithstichesorstaples(縫線或訂書釘).Theyarethemostexpensive

ofthethreeformats.

Atradepaperback(morecommonlyknownaspaperback)isatypeofbookcharacterizedbyathickpaperor

paperboardcover.Theirpagesareoftenheldwithglueratherthanstitchesorstaples.Tradepaperbacksarecheaperthan

hardcoversbutcostlierthanmassmarketpaperbacks.

Massmarketpaperbacksarebasicallysmallsizedbooksprintedonalowerqualitypaperwithaninexpensivebinding.

Theyarecheapertoproduceandmostlysoldinnontraditionalbooksellinglocationssuchasdrugstores,supermarkets,

railwaystations,andairports,aswellasintraditionalbookstores.

Massmarketpaperbacksareproducedtotargetabiggermarket.Duetotheirlowproductioncosttheycanbemade

第5頁共34頁

availabletoalargemassofpeopleatcheaperandaffordablerates.Massmarketpaperbackbooksaresmallerinsize

(usuallyabout4incheswideand7inchestall)andtheirfont(字體)sizeisalsocomparativelysmaller.Besides,mass

marketpaperbacksmostlydonothaveanyillustrations(pictures,diagrams,andotherdecorativefeatures)thatmaybe

presentinthehardcoverorthepaperbackformatsofthatsamebook.

Anotherveryimportantfeatureofmassmarketpaperbacksisthattheyaremostlystrippablebooks.66Strippable^^

simplymeansthatabook'scovercanbetomoff(orstrippedof)bythebookretailersordistributor,andthensentbackto

thebookpublisherforarefund(退款；返還款).So,whenthebooksellersnoticethatsomemassmarketpaperbackbooks

havebeeninstockforawhileandarenotsellingwell,theycansimplystripoffthecoversofthosebooksandreturnthem

tothepublishersforrefund.Thepartofthebookleftafterthecoverissippedoffisillegaltosellandhastoberecycled.

1.Whafsspecialforhardcoverbookscomparedwiththeothertwo?

A.They'renoteasilybroken.

B.Theircoverscanbestrippedoff.

C.Theyhavethelargestnumberofconsumers.

D.Theyareofexcellentqualityandbargainprice.

2.Whatformatissuitableforstudents9textbooksaccordingtothetext?

A.Hardcover.B.Tradepaperback.

C.Massmarketpaperback.D.Hardbound.

3.Whatcanyoulearnaboutmassmarketpaperbackbooksfromthetext?

A.Theyhavevariousdecorativefeatures.

B.Thosewithoutcoverscanbesoldcheaply.

C.Brochuresbelongtomassmarketpaperbackbooks.

D.Theycanbereturnedtothepublishersifnotdamaged.

4.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthistext?

A.Byofferingfigures.B.Bytellingastory.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Bymakingacomparison.

3.【廣東省汕尾、珠海市等大灣區(qū)聯(lián)考2023屆高三學(xué)生調(diào)研】

Researchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelings

andemotionallycarefortheweak,theelderlyandchildren.

Robinwasdesignedasacompanionrobottoprovideemotionalsupportforchildrenreceivingmedicaltreatment.

Robinexplainsmedicalprocedurestothem,playsgamesandtellsstories,andduringtreatmentdistractsthemtoreduce

theirsenseofpain.TherobotusesAItounderstandotherpeople'sfeelings,rememberingfacialexpressionsand

conversationstobuilddialogueforfollow-upsessions.IntrialsattheWigmoreMedical(UK)PediatricClinicinYerevan,

Armenia,theteamfoundthatRobinledtoa34%decreaseinstressandanincreaseinhappinessof26%inthe120children

whointeractedwithhimatleastonce.

Healthcarerobotscouldallbenefitfromdisplayingemotionalintelligence,bothrecognizingandrespondingtohuman

emotions,andtosomeextent,managingthem.Theproblemwiththisisthefearthathumanjobsmaybelostasrobots

becomebetterathandlingsocialsituations.

Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandforrobotstoworkalongsidepeopleincaresituationswillgrowovertime.

By2050,thenumberofpeopleaged65andovergloballywillbe1.6billion(17%),roughlytwicetheproportionofwhatit

第6頁共34頁

istoday.Anextra3.5millioncareworkerswillbeneededandthatwillincludeemotionallyintelligentrobots.

Today'ssimplesystemsarebeingtrainedtomeetthatdemand.Thisincludesalittlewheeledrobotthatcanguesshow

youarefeelingfromthewayyouwalk,andtherobotfromtheUniversityofLincolnintheUK-whohelpselderlypeople

tostayphysicallyandmentallyactive.

Theimpactofsocialrobotsonourlivestodatehasbeentiny.Butnewmodelsarebeingintroducedthatcouldmake

thebreakthrough.Humanemotionsaredifficulttodefine,butastrustinrobotsincreases,breakingdownthepsychological

barrierbecomeseasiertoimagine.

1.Whataresocialrobotsuniquelycapableof?

A.Liftingheavypackagesupstairsforweakpeople.

B.Teachingmentallyillteensemotionalexpressions.

C.Cookingdeliciousdishesforthedisabledathome.

D.Playingsongsforblindpeopleontheirrequest.

2.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Robin'sfunctiontoreducepain.

B.Robin'spopularityinhospitals.

C.Robingpracticalapplication.

D.Robin'ssuccessinpassingtests.

3.Howisparagraph4developed?

A.Byconcludingviewpoints.

B.Byanalyzingcauses.

C.Bymakingcomparison.

D.Bygivingdefinition.

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhumanjobreplacementbyrobots?

A.ItisalreadyhappeningthroughoutUK.

B.Humansneedtoworkhardtosecurejobs.

C.Robotscanonlymeetbasichumanneeds.

D.It'sanunstoppableandbeneficialtrend.

4.[2023屆廣東省惠州市高三5月二?！?/p>

Peopleproduceallkindsoffoodwaste.AnewsreportinourmagazinepublishedinNovemberlastyearshowsthat

about60millionmetrictonsoffoodiswastedintheUnitedStateseveryyear.(Ametrictonis1,000kilogramsor2,205

pounds.)

Thevalueofthewasteisabout$162billion.Abouthalfendsupincitylandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)).Itcostslocal

governmentabout$1.5billionayeartodealwiththem.Thereportsaysthatonethirdofallfoodintheworldisnevereaten.

Thefullcostoftheworld'sfoodwastecanbe$400billionayear.Billionscanbesavediftheamountoffoodwasteis

reduced.Mostofthefoodisthrownawaybyshopkeepersandconsumersinwealthynations.Ifitissaved,itcouldfeed870

millionhungrypeopleoftheworld.Afamilyoffourwastesabout$1,600worthoffoodeachyear.

Theproductionoffooduseslargeamountsofwater,landandfertilizer.Foodwasteinlandfillscreatesmethane——a

powerfulgreenhousegas.Thisgasisaboutsevenpercentoftotalpollutionworldwide.Reducingfoodwastecanmakea

difference.

第7頁共34頁

Composting（堆制月巴料）isonesolution.However,thereareotherwaystoreducefoodwaste.Extendingexpiration（終

結(jié)）dateswillreducewaste.Sellingsmallerbagsoffoodalsowillreducewaste.Anexpertsaid,"Weneedtofindwaysto

dealwithfoodwaste,butmostimportantly,weneedtopreventitatthefirstplace.^^

1.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinParagraph2?

A.Manypeoplearefacinghunger.

B.Foodwasteislikelytoincrease.

C.Foodwasteiscausedforvariousreasons.

D.Theproblemoffoodwasteisveryserious.

2.Whatisthebestsolutiontofoodwaste?

A.Toputpreventionfirst.B.Tobuildmorelandfills.

C.Toextendshelflifeoffood.D.Tomakeitintousefulmaterials.

3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?

A.Heisaneditor.B.HeisaTVreporter.

C.Heisapublicofficial.D.Heisaprofessorassistant.

4.HowisParagraph2developed?

A.Bylistingdata.B.Bygivingexamples.

C.Byprovidingdefinitions.D.Bymakingcomparisons.

5.【2023屆湖北省華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)高三5月適應(yīng)性考試】Haveyouevertakenapersonalitytestand

foundtheresultstobescarilyaccurate,checkedyourhoroscope（星象學(xué)）andhadeverythingcometrueortakenanonline

quizthattoldyoupreciselywhatyourfavoriteDisneyprincessmeansaboutyou?Well,wecertainlyhavedonesotoomany

times,sowedecidedtodoalittleinvestigationintohowInternetquizzes,magazinesandhoroscopebooksseemtoknowus

sowell.

Wediscoveredthatwe'veallbeenfallingvictimtotheBarnumeffect.TheBarnumEffectisthephenomenonthat

occurswhenindividualsbelievethatpersonalitydescriptionsapplyspecificallytothem,despitethefactthatthedescription

isactuallyfilledwithinformationthatappliestoeveryone.ItwasnamedafterP.T.Barnum,afamous19thcenturyshowman,

whowouldfamouslysay,“There'safoolbomeveryminute.^^

Indeed,Barnumprovedtoberight,aspseudoscience（偽科學(xué)）一suchasastrologyandpersonalitytest-remains

populartothisday.TheBarnumeffectexplainswhyextremelygeneralstatements,suchastheresultsofyourpersonality

test,seemsospecifictoyou.Don'tbelieveus?Well,latepsychologyprofessorBertramForerofferedsomeproof.

Inahistoricstudy,Forerconductedapersonalitytesttohisstudents.Forercopiedstatementssuchas“Youhaveagreat

needforotherpeopletolikeandadmireyou.^^and“Youhaveatendencytobecriticalofyourself'fromthenewspaper's

horoscopecolumnandgaveatesttoeverystudent,Foreraskedhisstudentstoratetheaccuracyofthetestfromonetofive,

with"one"beingtheleastaccurateand"five"beingthemostaccurate.Theaverageratingwas4.26.Theuniversallyhigh

ratingsfromstudentsonthepersonalitytestsupportedtheBarnumeffect.

Oneofthemostimportantfactorswhenreproducingthisstudyistokeepthestatementsasvagueaspossible,witha

mixofmostlypositiveandsomenegativecontent.Forexample,usingthephrase“attimes^^makesforapowerfulBamum

Effect.See"Attimesyouareextrovertedandsociable,whileatothertimesyouareintrovertedandreserved^^——whowould

notagreewiththatstatement?

So,keepinmindthatwearenotimmunetotheBarnumeffect.Takeeverythingyouhearwithseveralgrainsofsalt.

第8頁共34頁

1.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?

A.Topresentacontroversialopinion.B.Toprovideanexampleofanidea.

C.Toofferasolutiontoaproblem.D.Todefinethemeaningofaterm.

2.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.PotentialapplicationoftheBarnumeffect.B.FurtherexplanationoftheBarnumeffect.

C.SupportingevidencefortheBarnumeffect.D.Areasonabledoubtoftheresearchprocess.

3.Whydosomanypeoplebelievethestatementsinhoroscopeandpersonalitytests?

A.Theyaresospecific.B.Theyareambiguous.

C.Theyarepositive.D.Theyarebelievable.

4.Howisthepassageorganized?

A.Problem-solution.B.Cause-effect.

C.Phenomenon-analysis.D.Claim~~counterclaim.

6.[2023屆重慶市巴蜀中學(xué)校高考適應(yīng)性模擬預(yù)測(cè)5月】

“Iknowwhentogoout,andwhentostayin.”,EnglishrockstarDavidBowieonceconfidentlysanginhishitsingle.

Whenitcomestoconsumingfood,thedecisivenessclaimedbythesinger-songwriterishardtoachieve.Idisagreewiththe

statementandargueifsbettertoeatoutthantoorderhomedelivery.

Tobeginwith,whensettingfootinarestaurant,we'reimmediatelygreetednotonlybyaserverreadytoseatus,butby

afloodofphysicalfeelings-theeyestakeintheinternaldecorationoftheplace,thenosebreathesinthepleasantsmellof

expertlyplatedfoodandtheearspickuponcompetingsoundsofcustomerchatterandattractivein-storemusic.Toeatout

istoexperienceanatmosphereuniquetoeachrestaurant.Somethingasspecialasthatsimplycan'tbereproducedby

orderinghomedelivery.Eatingoutis,withoutdoubt,themoreexcitingandthusbetterchoice.

Eatingoutbecomesevenmoreappealingwhenstayinghomeprovestoopainful.Whetheritisbecauseweneeda

temporaryfightfromourfamilyorthatwesimplywanttospendsomequalitytimeoutsidewithlovedones,goingoutfora

mealcanbeabreakfromthehardlabourofdomesticliving.

Wecouldtakeitasanopportunityforself-care-totreatourselvesbydressingup,arrivinginstyleatafancy

restaurantandorderingaslightlymoreluxuriousmealtorefreshourwearysoul.Orderinghomedeliverywouldonly

contributetofeelingsofbeingpennedinwhile;eatingoutisanescapeforthetrappedindividual.Fooddeliveryappusers

reasonit'satroubleandlessconvenienttodressupandeatout.

However,it'sworthnotingwemaynotalwaysgetourfoodinthemostsatisfactoryconditionwhenoptingforhome

delivery.There5sariskofreceivingfoodorderswithmissingitemsorevenentirelywrongordersthatcan'tbesentback.

Whatwesacrificeforconveniencemightjustwindupbeinginconvenient.Consequently,itmakesmoresensetoeatout

ratherthanriskdisappointmentbyorderinghomedelivery.

1.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkabout?

A.Diningoptions.B.Cuisineculture.

C.Consumptionlevel.D.Foodcategories.

2.Whatadvantageofeatingoutishighlightedinparagraph2?

A.Qualityservice.B.Comfortandconvenience.

C.Sensor