《新大學(xué)英語·寫作教程4》課件-寫作教程4 UNIT 8

AbstractUnit8Thisunitfocuseson:Whatanabstractis.Whattoincludeinyourabstract.Howtoprepareasuccessfulabstract.Commonlyusedphrasesinanabstract.Unit8Anabstractisasummaryofyourresearchpaper.I.WhatIsanAbstract?Itshouldsummarizethemainideasandevidenceofthepaper.Agoodabstractcanstandalone.Therearetwokindsofabstract.DescriptiveabstractInformativeabstractLength:100words(descriptiveabstract),250words(informativeabstract)ProblemsMethodsResultsConclusionsandImplicationsII.ElementsofaResearchProposalStep1:WriteyourpaperfirstIII.HowtoPrepare

Theabstract,thoughitappearsatthebeginningofapaper,isoftenwrittenlast.Thisisbecauseonlyafteryoufinishdraftingthewholepaper,youknowwhatyouhaveachievedinthepaperandthatiswhatshouldbeincludedintheabstract.

Step2:ReviewrequirementsIII.HowtoPrepare

Therequirementsofabstractsvaryamongdifferenttypesofwriting.Beforeyoudraftyourabstract,dochecktherequirementsandkeeptheminmind.Istherealengthlimit?Aretherestylerequirements?Areyouwritinganinformativeoradescriptiveabstract?

Step3:ExplainthemotivationandtheproblemIII.HowtoPrepare

Themotivationstateswhyyoudecidedtodothisresearch.Itoftenprovidesbackgroundinformationinoneortwosentences.Thepurposeistointroducetheresearchgap,whichisalsotheproblemthatthisresearchisgoingtosolve.

Step4:Explainyourmethods

III.HowtoPrepare

Ifyoudidanoriginalresearch,indicatethetypeofstudy,suchasanexperiment.aninterview.asurvey,etc.Ifyoudidareview,introducetheinformation,suchasthecontent.thenumberofpapersreviewed.yearrange,etc.

Step5:Describeyourresults(informativeabstractonly)

III.HowtoPrepare

Theresultintroducesthefindingsofyourresearch.Donotlistspecificnumber.Describethetendencyofthevariablesofinterest.Compareyourfindingswithyourhypothesis.

Step6:Giveyourconclusionandimplications

III.HowtoPrepare

Theconclusionandimplicationsindicatethesignificanceofyourfindingandyourresearch.Ifyourfindingsareconsistentwithyourhypothesis,theysupportacertainclaimortheorywithanewpieceofevidence.Ifyourfindingsareinconsistentwithyourhypothesis,theymayprovethatcertaintheoryisnottrueorhassomelimitations.Ifpossible,generalizeyourfindingstoabroadercase.

Step7:Reviseyourabstract

III.HowtoPrepare

Reviseyourabstractintheaspectsofcontent,structureandlanguage.Putinproperamountofinformationsothattheabstractcanstandalone.Donotaddinformationthatisnotinthepaper.Followthestructureofyourpaper.Correcterrorsingrammar.Donotuseabbreviations.

Step8:Getfeedback

III.HowtoPrepare

Asksomeonetoreadyourabstract.Itcouldbeyouradvisororpeerswhohassomeknowledgeaboutyourresearch.Theycanhelpyoumaketheabstractlookmoreprofessional.Itcouldalsobesomeonewhoknowslittleaboutyourresearchoryourfieldingeneral.They

helpyouknowifyourabstractisproperforageneralaudience.

Herearesomeideasforsettingthebackgroundofyourstudy.

Leadwithyourresearchquestion(s).Thisresearchismotivatedbythefollowingresearchquestions.Theresearchquestionsaddress...

Leadwiththehypotheses.Thisstudyoffersthefollowinghypotheses.Ihypothesizethat...Startoffwithaliteraturecomponent.Previousresearchindicates/hasshownthat...Literatureonthespecificareahasfocusedon...Leadwiththegoalsandaimsofthedissertation.Thisstudyhas...goals.Thepurposeandmainaimsofthestudyinclude...Presentthesignificanceofthestudy.Themostimportantcontributionofthestudyis...Thestudypresentsourunderstandingof...

IV.PhrasestoUse

Youcanintroduceyourmethodinthefollowingway.

I/Weconducted...Afieldstudy/aresearch/anexperimenttotestoutmy/ourhypothesesAcasestudy/aninductivestudyofXI/Weemployed...Various/multiplemethodstotestSeveralmethodstoevaluate/differentiateUsing...XcaseanalysisSamplesanddataofxsourcesDataanalysisfrom

IV.PhrasestoUse

Herearesomephrasesthatyoucanusetopresentyourresults.

Theresearch...addressesthebeliefthat...confirms/rejectsacontroversialbelief...illustrateshowandwhy...showstheimpactofXonY...illustratestheconsequencesandreasonswhy...suggeststhepossibleeffects/resultsof...Aswepredicted...Contrarytoourexpectations...

IV.PhrasestoUse

Youcanstartyourconclusionwithexpressions,suchas