英語：語法講義大全

英語語法講義

學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的目的：

要回答這個問題，先簡要討論一下要不要學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的問題。這個問題，答案也許是很清楚的。主張英

語語法可以不學(xué)的人往往這樣說：我們中國人，如果智力正常，從小就會說漢語，能遣詞造句，沒見過

哪個小孩先學(xué)語法再學(xué)話的。再說，英語講得多了，有了語感，語法還不是水到渠成的事。

這種實踐出真知的說法，絕對是正確的。但我仍主張學(xué)一點英語語法。本人沒受過很好的教育，更不懂高深

的語言學(xué)理論，但一直有這樣的看法：在我們中國，百年都沒有營造出正常情況下用正式英語交際的大氛圍

和小氛圍，所以難以在投入產(chǎn)出比符合經(jīng)濟效益的前提下培養(yǎng)出?定的英語語感。語法，實際上就是給你語

言整體上的語感（規(guī)則），既給你能解釋語言現(xiàn)象的魚，又教你如何用語感去釣語言深層的魚。何樂而不為呢？

說到這，學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的目的也就清清楚楚了：彌補氛圍難以在短期內(nèi)培養(yǎng)一定語感的缺憾，比較經(jīng)濟地獲

得英語整體的語感。當(dāng)然，也為通過我們這個考試大國的眾多英語測試提供初級“抱佛腳”的方法。

學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的范圍：

學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的范圍，指的是學(xué)習(xí)英語語法需掌握的內(nèi)容程度。既然我們學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的目的那么簡單實際,

到啥山唱啥歌吧。范圍不必很大，也就是說面不宜太寬，點也不宜研究太深，畢竟需要用英語說之乎者也的

人不多。另外，我認(rèn)為通過學(xué)習(xí)英語語法，求得對英語的整體感覺非常重要。有了整體感，可以揭開英語的

神秘面紗，知道了對手的模樣，就知己知彼了；有了整體感，對語言就有了“君臨天下”之氣，加之不懈的

積累，從掌握語法的必然王國，進(jìn)而出入語言的自由王國。出于這種考慮，這個講義編得非常簡單，有些方

面甚至還不如高中所學(xué)的內(nèi)容，但實用語法的基本脈絡(luò)比較清晰。

學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的方法：

英語語法書很多，學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的方法也不少。學(xué)好一樣?xùn)|西，本沒有絕對好的方法。號稱包治百病的醫(yī)生，

要么是庸醫(yī)，要么是騙子。事實上，每個人可以根據(jù)自己的實際情況，在不斷嘗試中摸索出適合自己的方法。

依我這個半路出家的人看來，不管用什么方法學(xué)英語語法，進(jìn)而學(xué)英語語言，一是要有整體語感，要學(xué)會歸

納和演繹，由此及彼；三是要借助對母語的了解，琢磨漢語和英語的異同之處，轉(zhuǎn)而進(jìn)行兩種語言之間的由

此及彼。比如：學(xué)了wish的賓語可以用不定式，可以推理出名詞wish的定語、表語也有可能是不定式。是還

是不是？一查詞典便知。漢語的“討論”一詞用動詞短語作賓語，中間一般要加個wh-詞，如能說“討論如

何學(xué)習(xí)英語”，不能說“討論學(xué)習(xí)英語”。英語里的discuss用不定式作賓語是否也是如此呢？英語中類似的詞

是否是同樣情況呢？花點時間就解決問題。

對語言的分析能力，實際上以對語言的整體語感為基礎(chǔ)的，更是以對語言完整的整體語感為目的的。說到底，

語言不就是規(guī)律和例外的組合嗎？！兩三年積累下來，你就是語法高手。

1.名詞

名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞，專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing,

China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：book,sadness等。普通名詞又可分

為下面四類：

1）個體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：gun。

2）集體名詞：表示若干個個體組成的集合體，如：family。

3）物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個體的實物，如：air。

4）抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計算，稱為不

可數(shù)名詞。歸納一下，名詞的分類可以下圖表示：

專有名詞

物質(zhì)名詞

不可數(shù)名詞

抽象名詞

名詞

普通名詞

集體名詞

可數(shù)名詞

個體名詞

1.1名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞

一般情況加-S清輔音后讀/s/map-maps

濁輔音和元音后讀/z/bag-bags/car-cars

以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)加-es讀/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches

尾

以ce,se,ze,等結(jié)尾力口-S讀/iz/license-licenses

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i再加es讀/z/baby—babies

1.2其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

1）以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

twoMarystheHenrys

monkey—monkeysholiday—holidays

2)以。結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時：

a.加s,如：photo—photospiano—pianos

radio---radioszoo---zoos；

b.力口es,如：potato一一potatoestomato——tomatoes

c.上述a和b兩種方法均可，如zero—-zeros/zeroes?

3)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時：

a.加s,如：belief—beliefsroof—roofs

safe—safesgulf—gulfs；

b.去f,fe加vcs,如：half—halves

knife—knivesleaf—leaveswolf—wolves

wife--wiveslife—livesthief—thieves；

c.上述a和b兩種方法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieveso

1.3名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化

1）child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teeth

mouse—miceman---menwomanwomen

注意：由一個詞加man或woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women,如anEnglishman,two

Englishmeno但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是theBowmans。

2）單復(fù)同形，如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,two1i,threemu,fourjin

等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,

twometers。

3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

peoplepolicecattle等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說apeople,apolice>acattle,但可以說aperson,

apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,

theSwiss等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復(fù)數(shù)用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中國人民

是勤勞勇敢的。

4）以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：

a.maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。

b.news為不可數(shù)名詞。

c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。

TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。

d.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如：

"TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零--夜》是一本非常有趣的故事

書。

5）表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses（眼鏡）trousers,clothes等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助

數(shù)量詞pair（對，雙）；suit（套）；apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。

6）另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）

魚。

1.4不可數(shù)名詞量的表示

1）物質(zhì)名詞

a.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個體名詞時為可數(shù)。

比較：Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一種食物。（不可數(shù)）

Thesecakesaresweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。（可數(shù)）

b.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時，可數(shù)。例如：

Thisfactoryproducessteel.（不可數(shù)）

Weneedvarioussteels.（可數(shù)）

c.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時，可數(shù)。例如：

Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我國因茶葉而聞名。

Twoteas,please.請來兩杯茶。

2）抽象名詞表示具體的事例時也可數(shù)。例如：

fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四個現(xiàn)代化

物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice

一則建議。

5.定語名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。

1）1）用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如：

sportsmeeting運動會studentsreading-room學(xué)生閱覽室

talkstable談判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外語系

2）man,woman,gentleman等作定語時，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：

menworkerswomenteachersgentlemenofficials

3）有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時，s保留。例如：

goodstrain（貨車）armsproduce武器生產(chǎn)

customspapers海關(guān)文件clothesbrush衣刷

4）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如：

two-dozeneggs兩打雞蛋aten-milewalk十英里路

two-hundredtrees兩百棵樹afive-yearplan.一個五年計劃

1.6不同國籍人的單復(fù)數(shù)

國籍總稱（謂語用復(fù)數(shù)）單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

中國人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese

瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss

澳大利亞人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians

俄國人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians

意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians

希臘人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks

法國人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen

日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese

美國人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans

印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians

加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians

德國人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans

英國人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen

瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes

1.7名詞的格

英語中有些名詞可以加〃's”來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a

teacherJsbook。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下:

1）單數(shù)名詞詞尾加〃's〃，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加"‘s",如theboy'sbag男孩的書包，men,sroom

男廁所。

2）若名詞己有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s,只加〃‘〃，如：theworkers*struggle工人的斗爭。

3）凡不能加"'s〃的名詞，都可以用“名詞+of+名詞〃的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：thetitleofthesong

歌的名字。

4）在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the

barber's理發(fā)店。

5）如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有's,則表示“分別有〃；只有一個's,則表示，共有工例如：

John'sandMary'srooms（兩I旬）JohnandMary'sroom（——|0j）

6）復(fù)合名詞或短語，'s加在最后一個詞的詞尾。例如：amonthortwo,sabsence

1.8練習(xí)

l.l.Hewaseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveonhis.

a.a.littlewageb.fewwagec.waged.wages

2.2.Mostofthehousesinthevillagewereburnttoduringthewar.

a.a.anashb.theashc.ashd.ashes

3.3.Thestudentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremaking___forthecomingNewYear.

a.3.manypreparationsb.muchpreparationc.preparationsd.preparation

4.4.Paintingin__isoneoftheirspare-timeactivities.

a.a.oilb.anoilc.oilsd.theoil

5.5.Intheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn'toilhere.

a.a.muchb.lotsofc.agreatdealofd.many

6.6.Thelargehousesarebeingpainted,but.

a.ofgreatexpenseb.atagreatexpensec.inalotofexpensesd.byhighexpense

7.7.Theroomwassmallandcontainedfartoo.

a.a.muchnewfurniturec.muchnewfurnitures

b.b.manynewfurnitured.manynewfurnitures

8.8.Jimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning,liesaidthatheforgotbothofthe.

a.roomsnumberb.roomnumberc.room'snumbersd.roomnumbers

9.Computerscandoworkinashorttime,butamancannotdobyhimself.

agreatmany???manyc.much*,eagreatdeal

b.agreatdealof…muchcl.many…agreatmany

10.10.Shedidn,tknow____hehadbeengiven.

a.a.howmanyinformationc.howmanyinformations

b.b.thenumberofinformationd.howmuchinformation

11.ll.Heinvitedal1ofhistojoinhisweddingparty.

a.a.comrade-in-armsc.comrades-in-arm

b.b.comrades-in-armsd.comrade-in-arm

12.12.A11theinthehospitalgotariselastmonth.

a.a.womendoctorsc.womandoctors

b.b.womendoctord.womandoctor

13.13.Aftertenyears,al1theseyoungstersbecame.

a.a.growns-upsc.growns-up

b.b.grown-upd.grown-ups

14.14.Thepoliceinvestigatedthose__abouttheaccident.

a.a.stander-byc.standers-by

b.b.stander-bysd.standers-bys

I5.15.TheNazikeptthoseintheirconcentrationcamp.

a.a.prisoner-of-warsc.prisoners-of-war

b.b.prisoners-of-warsd.prisoner-of-war

16.16.ThemanagerwasgreatlyappreciatethatmaclebyLindalately.

a.a.newreelb.newsreelc.new-reelsd.newsreels

17.17.MaryJsdressissimilarinappearancetoher.

a.eldersisterb.eldersister,sc.eldersistersd.eldersistersdress

18.18.Allthepeopleattheconferenceare.

a.mathematicteachersc.mathematicsteacher

b.b.mathematicsteachersd.mathematictsteachers

19.ProfessorMackaytoldusthatofleadareitssoftnessanditsresistance.

a.a.somepropertyc.properties

b.b.somepropertiesd.property

20.20.Physics_withmatterandmotion.

a.a.dealb.dealsc.dealingd.are

21.21.Hehaswrittenseveralbooks,buthislastworkswellknownamonghisfriends.

a.a.haveb.havebeenc.isd.are

22.22.Afterhecheckedupmyheart,thedoctoradvisedhimtorestforafewdays.

a.a.father-in-1awJsc.father,s-in-law

b.b.father-in-lawd.father1s-in-law*s

23.23.Hetoldmewouldcometohisbirthdayparty.

a.a.manyJackfriendsc.manyJack'sfriend

b.b.Jack'smanyfriendsd.manyfriendsofJack's

24.24.1hadmyhaircutatthe__aroundthecorner.

a.a.barberb.barbersc.barber,sd.barbersf

25.25.Yesterdayeveningwehadalovelyeveningat.

a.a.PeterandHelen,sc.PeterandHelen

b.b.PeterandHelensd.Peter,sandHelen's

26.26.receivesonlyasmallportionofthetotalamountofthesun'senergy.

a.a.Theearth'ssurfacec.Thesurfaceofearth

b.b.Thesurfaceearthd.Theearthsurface

27.27.Numerousmaterialsareavailableto.

a.a.todayofdesignersc.today'sofdesigners

b.b.today'sdesignersd.todaydesigners

28.28.WhydidyouspeaktoPeterthatway?Dor/tyouknowheisanoldfriendof?

a.a.mybrotherb.mybrothersc.mybrother*sd.mybrotherJsfriend

29.29.isawell-informedman.Hecantellyouanythingyouwanttoknow.

a.a.ThisJohn,soldfriendc.That'sJahn,soldfriend

b.b.ThisoldfriendofJohnd.ThisoldfriendofJohn's

30.30.istoomuchforalittleboytocarry.

a.a.Abike"sweightc.Theweightofabike

b.b.Theweightsofabiked.Bile'sweight

31.31.GenerallytherearetelevisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.

a.a.littleb.muchc.alargenumberofd.alargeamountof

32.32.Whentheygottothelecture-room,therewereleft.

a.a.onlyfewseatsb.averyfewseatsc.onlyafewseatsd.soafewseats

33.33.travelsfasterwhenthezipcodeisindicatedontheenvelope.

a.3.AlittlemaiIb.Apieceofmai1c.Amai1d.Asmal1mai1

34.34.TheDepartmentpurchasedtoimprovetheworkingconditionsthere.

a.a.anewequipmentc.newequipments

b.b.anewpieceofequipmentd.newpiecesofequipments

35.35.Theboytriedhardbuttherehasbeeninhiswork.

a.a.littleimprovementc.manyimprovements

b.b.alittleimprovementd.fewimprovements

36.36.Today'smodernTVcamerasrequirelightascomparedwiththeearliermodels.

a.a.onlyafewb.onlyfewc.onlyalittled.onlylittle

37.37.Nocountrycanaffordtoneglect.

a.a.aneducationb.educationsc.educationd.theeducation

38.38.Pleasewritetheanswerstothequestionsattheendof.

a.a.eighthchapterb.chaptereightc.eightchapterd.chaptertheeight

39.39.isonlysurpassedbythatofmonkeys'andapes,.

a.a.Theintelligentdogc.Theintelligenceofdogs

b.b.Thedogswhoseintelligenced.Thedogsbeingintelligent

40.40.A11musttakethegraduateManagementAdmissionTest.

a.a.businessstudentb.business,sstudentsc.businessstudentsd.business,

sstudent

41.41.anywhereintheUnitedStatescostslessthanadollarwhenyoudialityourself.

a.a.Threeminutescallc.Athree-minutescall

b.b.Three-minutecal1d.Athree-minutecall

42.42.The___aboutnuclearenergyrevolvesaroundthewasteproblem.

a.a.public,schiefconcernc.chiefpublicconcern

b.b.publicchiefconcernd.chiefconcernofpublic's

43.43.thefirstandlargestethnicgrouptoworkontheconstructionofthetranscontinental

railroad.

a.Chinesewereb.TheChinesewasc.Chinesewasd.TheChinesewere

44.44.—cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants.

a.a.Looker-onb.Lookers-onc.Looker-onsc.Lookers-ons

45.45.Agroupofspectatorswasdispersedbythepolicewho___atthesceneoftheaccidents

withinminutes.

a.a.wereb.havebeenc.wasd.hasbeen

46.46.Ourlivestocknotasnumerousastheyusedtobe.

a.a.isb.arec.bed.been

47.47.Oneofthemostsurprisingthingsisthat_maycomefrompetroleum.

a.a.muchoftomorrowfoodc.manyoftomorrowJsfood

b.b.muchofthefoodoftomorrowd.muchoftomorrowsfood

48.48.Scottisanorphanbuthereceived

a.a.verygoodeducationc.averygoodeducation

b.b.verygoodeducationsd.manygoodeducations

49.49.Afterseveralday'shardworking,wehavemadeonthedesign.

a.a.muchimprovementc.manyimprovement

b.b.severalimprovementsd.someimprovement

50.50.Theboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesatayesterday.

a.a.shoesshopb.shoeshopc.shoesfsshopd.shoe's

51.51.Eggs,thoughnourish!ng,haveoffatcontent.

a.a.largenumberb.alargenumberc.ahighamountd.thehighamount

52.52.Hehasdonesomeonthatsubjectfromvariousanglesoverthepasttenyears,

a.a.researchb.aresearchc.researchesd.theresearches

53.53.Recently,hehaslostallhis.

a.a.wageandsavingatcardc.wagesandsavingatcard

b.b.wagesandsavingsatcardd.wagesandsavingsatcards

54.54.Thecountry*swealthcomeschieflyfromitsmany.

a.a.herdofcattleb.heardofcattlesc.herdsofcattled.herdsofcattles

55.55.InBritainthe_____areallpaintedred.

a.a.letterboxesb.lettersboxc.lettersboxesd.lettersTsbox

56.56.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad.

a.a.alittlewhitehairc.afewwhitehair

b.b.somewhitehaird.muchwhitehair

57.57.A11hisfarfromsatisfaction

a.a.conductisb.conductarec.conductsisd.conductswillbe

58.58.A1thoughthetownhadbeenattackedbythestormseveraltimes,wasdone.

a.a.afewdamagesb.fewdamagesc.littledamaged.alittledamage

59.59.Hewaswhattodo.

a.a.athiswitendb.athiswitsendc.athiswit'sendd.athiswits's

end

60.60.Wouldyouliketohaveacupofteaandwithme?

atwotoastsb.twopiecesoftoastc.twopieceoftoastsd.towpiecesoftoasts

61.61.Accurate___coveringthefactarenotobtainable.

a.a.datumb.datumsc.datad.datas

62.62.0nMondaymorningsometeachersexchangedafew

a.a.how-are-yousc.how-are-you*s

b.b.ofhow-are-you*sd.ofhowareyou

63.63.Albertsaidhemetthegirl

a.a.athisuncle*sSmithroomc.athisuncleSmith'sroom

b.b.atSmith1shisuncle,sroomd.attheroomofhisuncle*sSmith*s

64.64.11isfourmonthssinceIlastsawKeats,

a.a.atMrtSmith's,thebookseilerc.atmyaunt's,abookseller

b.b.atmyaunt's,MrsPalmer*sd.atMrsPalmer's,thebookseller's

65.65.Thisroomis_____.

a.a.theeditor's-in-chief*sofficec.theeditor-in-chief*soffice

b.b.theeditor-in-chiefofficed.theeditor's-in-chiefoffice

66.66.Myoldclassmate,ComradeSun,worksat___.

a.a.ateachercollegec.ateacher,scollege

b.b.ateachers*scolleged.acollegeofateacher,s

67.67.Thepolicemenputthecriminal___

a.a.inaironb.intoaironc.inironsd.intoapairofiron

68.68.Ourteachergaveme.

a.a.anadviceb.theadvicec.manyadviced.muchadvice

69.69.Mymothercuttheclothwithscissors.

a.a.ab.twoc.acoupleofd.apairof

70.MyhouseiswithinfromtheraiIwaystation.

a.astone*sthrowb.athrowofastonec.stone'sthrowd.thestone*sthrow

附：介詞練習(xí)

1.1.Sheissuchanirritatingwoman,Idon,tknowhowyoucanher.

a.putupb.standuptoc.standwithd.putupwith

2.2.Togetmytraveler,scheckIhadtoaspecialchecktothebankforthetotalamount.

a.makeforb.makeoutc.makeoffd.makeup

3.3.Littleboysareeasily.

a.takeninb.takenawayc.takenoutd.takenover

4.4.Thecompanyisgoingtohand____thefreesamplestomorrow.

a.upb.outc.ond.down

5.5.Itwaspurely____chancethatthemistakewasdiscovered.

a.inb.forc.byd.from

6.6.Themagicianpickedseveralpersonsfromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwith

theperformance.

a.byaccidentb.onoccasionc.onaveraged.atrandom

7.7.Ileftfortheofficeearlierthanusualthismorningtrafficjam.

a.incaseofb.inlinewithc.forthesakeofd.attheriskof

8.8.Someareas,theirsevereweatherconditions,arehardlypopulated.

a.butforb.inspiteofc.duetocl.withregardto

9.9.Visitorsareaskedtocomplytheregulations.

a.atb.inc.withd.on

10.10.He_____somuchworkthathecouldn'treallydoitefficiently.

a.putonb.tookonc.broughtond.turnedon

11.11.Inordertosavetime,Imyshoppingtoonceaweek.

a.cutoffb.cutoutc.cutupd.cutdown

12.12.Theideahasthatsciencecannotbewrong.

a.piledupb.pickedupc.grownupd.putup

13.13.hedideverythinghecouldtopreventiffrom______intofighting.

a.breakingoffb.breakingupc.breakingoutd.breakingof

14.14.TheconstructionofthenewbuiIdingwi11cost1,000,000dollars,andit'snot

easytogetsomuchmoney.

a.atlastb.atmostc.atleastd.atlarge

15.15.Thethiefranawayasfastashecouldthepoliceman.

a.insightb.withinthesightofc.withinsightd.atthesightof

16.16.Fortoolong,Europeancanmakershavefoughttooldwaysandoldprivileges,

a.hangontob.haveaccesstoc.refertod.seeto

17.17.Whoeverafullnightrssleepwillbemorethanrewardedinheightenedproductivity,

creativityandfocus.

a.investsatb.investsinc.investsbyd.investswith

18.18.Prior_____hisdeparture,hewrotealettertohismother.

a.ofb.fromc.tod.in

19.19.Thecompanyisveryfamousthehighqualityofitsproducts.

a.inb.forc.byd.with

20.20.Oncehewasgivenachancetoimprovehispositioninthefirm,heseizeditboth

handsandisnowonhiswaytothetop.

a.onb.atc.ind.with

21.21.Thesemisfortunesalmostdeprivedhimhisfuturecareer.

a.withb.ofc.fromd.beyond

22.22.Idon't_____theexpense;Iwantthepartytobearealsuccess.

a.careforb.careaboutc.beincareofd.takecareof

23.23.Wemustgettheroofmendedbeforethewetweathersets_____.

a.aboutb.onc.upd.in

24.24.ThecarpulledbesidemeandthedriveraskedmetowaytotheGreatWall.

a.downb.offc.upd.out

25.25.Afterthewar,manywarshipswerelaidastheywerenotneededanylonger.

a.upb.asidec.downd.over

26.26.Whentherebelliondied_____thingsquicklyreturnedtonormal.

a.outb.awayc.clownd.through

27.27.I'11pickyou_____atyourcollegegateandtakeyoustraighttothestation.

a.onb.offc.outd.up

28.28.Willyoupleasesee_____ourluggagewhenIamaway?

a.tob.inc.withd.for

29.29.theyreachedthesmallvillagebeforedusk.

a.Towardstheendb.Bytheendc.Intheendd.Attheend

30.30.Maryhasleftthebookonthetablepurposesothatyoucanreadit.

a.withb.onc.ind.outof

31.31.Thatnoiseisgettinglouderbecausetheengineersaretheenginetoseeifthe

planeisreadytofly.

a.doingwithb.runningupc.turningind.tryingfor

32.32.Thegovernmentislookingnewmethodsofraisingmoneywithoutincreasingtaxes,

a.downonb.uponc.outford.around

33.33.Manissuperiortotheanimals_____hesueslanguagetoconveyhisthoughts.

a.andthatb.inthatc.sothatd.inorderthat

34.34.Notlongago,apersonwhoIknoweverywellwas_____anaccident.

a.relatedtob.includedinc.involvedind.subjectto

35.35.I______tohimfortheerror.

a.excusedb.pardonedc.forgaved.apologized

36.36.Thoughwehavenointerests_____common,wearegoodfriends.

a.onb.inc.ford.at

37.37.Thepursehasreturnedtotheoriginalowner_____.

a.inalongtimeb.inalongrunc.innotimed.atnotime

38.38.Wecan'thopetocatchupwiththatcar_____us.

a.inadvanceofb.inthefrontofc.atthefrontierofd.aheadof

39.39.Someanimalswillmodifytheirbehaviorto_theirenvironment.

a.adapttob.adopttoc.suittod.conformto

40.40.Don,tgoingabroadthissummer,wemaynothaveenoughmoney.

a.countonb.comeonc.attendupond.frownupon

41.41.Don'tsuspectyourdaughter_____dishonesty.

a.ofb.forc.withd.to

42.42.Attheheadofthevalleyweturnedrightand______thesummit.

a.setupb.tookupc.madeford.wentfor

43.43.Her