專題08 首字母填空（二） 沖刺2022年中考英語重難題型好題集錦（上海專用）（原卷版）

專題08首字母填空（二）（一）（2022·上海徐匯·二模）HappyisanAsianelephant.ShelivesattheCityZoo.Somepeoplesaythezoodoesn’tgiveHappythespaceandsociallifesheneeds.Ithasrestartedtalksaboutwhetherzoosshouldstillexist.Somesayzoossaveanimalsfromdyingout.Othersarguethatlivinginasmallspaceisbadforananimal’shealth.Herearesomeo____22____fromouryoungreaders.Grace,8yearsoldThankstozoos,manyanimalspecies（種類）aresavedfromdisappearingc____23____.LastsummerinChina,Isawthepandaatthezooandlearnedaboutthewildlifeprogramthere.Severaldecadesago,thesecutebigbearswerealmostwipedoutinthewild.Butthezooprotectsthemandhelpsthemp____24____moreyoungpandas.Nowtherearemanymorepandas.Yanni,10yearsoldWeshouldn’thavezoos.Inzoos,animalsmightnotbegivenproperlivingconditions.Livinginanunfamiliarenvironmentandbeingwatchedbyhumans,animalscanfeeln____25____.A2003studyof35speciesofcarnivores（食肉動物）foundthatmostzoosweretoosmallforsomeoftheanimalstocarryouttheirregulardailya____26____.Shane,10yearsoldWeshouldstillhavezoosforafewreasons.Zoosprovideanimalswithfoodandanenvironmentthatismadetolookliketheirn____27____environment.Zoosalsotryhardtoincreasetheirpopulation.Andmostzooshaveeducationalprogramsthathelpchildrenlearnaboutdifferentanimalsandconservationefforts.Susie,9yearsoldAnimalsarekeptawayfromtheirhomesandputinfencedareasorcages.Whenthey’reinzoos,theycanalsolosetheabilitiestheywerebornwith.Iftheywerereleasedintothewild,theywouldn’tknowhowtos____28____.Ananimal’shealthismoreimportantthanourentertainment.TheNextDebate!Shouldthegovernmentsetscreen-timelimitsforkids?（二）（2022·上海寶山·一模）Fruit,meat,milkandvegetablesallcomefromfarms.Farmsarei____36____becausetheyprovideshopsandsupermarketswithfood.Buthaveyoueverbeentoafarmanddoyouknowwhatfarmersdo?Everyyear,agroupcalledLinkingEnvironmentandFarming(LEAF)o____37____OpenFarmSunday.On9June,about350UKfarmswillbefreeforvisitorstoexploreandenjoy.A____38____mayincludefarmwalks,ponddipping(usinganettotakethingsoutofpondstolookatthemmoreclosely),talkswithfarmers,tractor(拖拉機(jī))ridesandminimarkets.Lotsoffarmsselltheirp____39____inthemarkets,suchasfruit,vegetables,meatandtastyhomemadecakes.Visitorswillalsobeabletogetplentyofexerciseandfreshaironafarmvisit.OpenFarmSundaywassetupin2006andmorethantwomillionstudentshaveenjoyedtheexperiencess____40____then.Theyhavevisitedafarmwiththeirschoolsandseenanimals,machinesandplants,aswellasfarmersdoingtheirjobs.Farmtripsshowhowthelandhastobelookedafter,howtheweatheraffectscropsandhowanimalsarecaredfor.They’vealsogotthechancetohelplookafterandfeedtheanimals.Somefarmshaveaneducationalareathatshowswhatfarmingusedtobelike.Visitorscanl____41____abouttraditionalmethods,thehistoryofthefarmandhowfarminghaschangedasabusiness.A____42____whois10oroldercanjobLinkingEnvironmentandFarmingandtakepartinOpenFarmSunday.FormoredetailsaboutOpenFarmsSunday,pleasevisit/visit-a-farm.（三）ChineseParentinghasbeenahottopicovertheyears.Parentscontrolledalmosteveryaspectofachild’slife,fromlearningamusicalinstrumenttofindingalifepartner.NowChinesevideogameplayerscanexperiencewhatit’sliketobeaChineseparentinanewvideogame.OngamingplatformSteam’sbestsellerlist,ChineseParentshasreachedNo.2.Itseemssimplerandlesscompetitivethanothergames.Alloperationscanbecompletedwithas____43____mouseclick.Thegamestartsoverwiththenewbaby.Themaintaskofthegameistohelpthechildinthegamegeth____44____gradestoenterabetterschool.It’sahugechallengeformanyChineseparents.Butplayersarealsoencouragedtogivetheire-kidssparetimefora____45____suchasbasketballandvideogaming.Thesecanhelpthemrelaxandleadbalancedlives.Thebiggestattractionisperhapsitsreflection（反映）ofr____46____lifeinChina.Forexample,thegameshowstheimportanceof“saving”and“giving”inChineseculture.Tobeclear,kidsshouldpretendtorefuseNewYearredenvelopesfromothers.Developersofthegamesaidmanyplotswerebasedontheirpersonale____47____.LiJiaqing,a25-year-oldgraphicdesigner,tookthegameforamirrortoherownchildhood.“Beingaparentisn’teasy,”Lisaid.“I’vecontrolledmykids’stresslevelsc____48____topreventbreakdowns.”Playthegameandwalkamileinyourparents’shoes.Perhapsyoucanr____49____whatthedesignerswantedtovoice—kidsandparentsshouldunderstandeachother.Hugyourparentsandsaythankyoutothemwhenyoufinishthegame.（四）（2022·上海楊浦·一模）Oneday,Jennywastakingherfirstartclassatschool.Shewasveryexcited.Theartteacher,MrsMinton,toldthechildrentopainttheflowersinavaseatthefrontoftheclass.“Don’tworryifyourpaintingdoesn’tlooke____92____likethepaintingbythepersonnexttoyou,“shesaid.“Theimportantthingistopaintwhatyousee.”Jennyworkedveryhard.Shespentsolongpaintingthatherhandbegantoh____93____from

holdingthebrush.Sheputthebrushdownforamomenttorestandlookedatthepaintingnexttohers.“That’sreallygood”,shesaidtoCarrie.Carrie’spaintingwassmallandneat.Everyflowerwasjustliketherealflowersinthevase.“Thanks,”saidCarrie.ShelookedoveratJenny’spainting.“Oh!Whathappenedtoyours?”“Whatdoyoumean?”askedJenny.Shelookedatherownpainting.ItwasverydifferentfromCarrie’s.Itcoveredthewholepageandthecolorswereb____94____thantherealflowers.“Itlookslikeabigm____95____,”saidCarrie.“Didyoupourthepaint?”“No,”saidJenny,upset.“IpaintedwhatIsaw,justlikeMrsMintonsaid.”“It’sOK,youknow,”saidCarrie.“Noteveryoneisgoodatart.”MrsMintonheardwhatCarriesaid,andshecameovertolookatJenny’swork.“Ohmy,”saidMrsMinton.“Ithinkit’swonderful,Jenny.It’ssofullofcolorandhappiness.”Jennywasverys____96____.“ButMrsMinton,itdoesn’tlookanythingliketheflowersyoutoldustodraw.”Carriesaid.“Maybenottoyou,Carrie.Everyoneseesdifferentthingswhentheylookattheworld.”Sheshowedthemapictureinabookofapainting.“Thisisapictureanartistpaintedofhisownface.Thisishowhesawh____97____”.“But...but...it’sjustafewlines,”saidCarrie.“Itdoesn’tlookanythinglikearealperson.”MrsMintonturnedtoJenny.“Youshouldreadthisbook.Jenny.Therearealotofdifferentkindsofpaintingsandoneisn’tbetterthantheother.”Thatevening,Jennyreadallaboutthefamousartists.Someoftheirpaintingswereverys____98____,butshelikedtolookatthemall.“I’mgoingtobeanartistwhenIgrowup,”shesaidtohermother.（五）（2022·上海閔行·一模）Goodthingsoftencomeinsmallpackages.Thisise____99____trueinthecaseofminiatureart(微型藝術(shù)),where,uponcloseobservation,greatthingsareoftenrevealed.TheNationalGalleryofLondondescribes“anartistwhopaintsingreatdetailsonaverysmallscale”asaminiaturist.Thepiecesthatminiaturistscreatearecalledminiatureart.E____100____examplescanbedatedbacktocenturiesagoinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.InIndia,tinydrawingswerepaintedontopalmleaves7.62centimeterswide.A12.5-millimeter-tallcarvingofabird,d____101____inLingjing,China,hasbeencalledChina’soldestworkofart.Thecarving,about13,500yearsold,mightbeoneoftheworld’soldestpiecesofminiatureart.Overtheyears,miniaturistshaveusedmanydifferentm____102____,frompapertoplantseeds,tocreatetinypaintings,sculpturesandengravingsofpeople,animalsandscenery.Twothingsarerequiredofeachartist:plentyoftimeandbeingp____103____tocreateminiatureart.Thepiecesaresotinythattheyneedtobeworkedoncarefullyandslowly.Thoughsmall,thepiecesmustbeperfectlyformed.Someoneo____104____said,“Aminiaturemustalwaysbedesignedforcloseobservation.Itismeanttobeheldinthehand,watchedcloselyandeventobelookedatwithamagnifyingglass.”Tinyminiaturepaintingsmustbeaccomplishedwithsuchfinestrokes(筆劃)thatwhenthepieceismagnified,itsamazingdetailisenhanced.Thesameistrueforminiaturesculpturesandallotherformsofminiatureart.Miniatureartbegantol____105____itsattractioninthe19thcenturywhenphotographyappeared.Overthelast30years,though,miniatureshavebeenmadepopularagain.Itisunlikelythatminiatureartwillevergoawayaslongaspeopleremainfascinatedbytinymasterpieces.（六）（2021·上海崇明·二模）Whichismoreimportanttoourlives,theInternetorthewashingmachine?Manyofusmightanswer,“TheInternet!”TheInternethelpsusgatherinformation.Itallowsustoseeourfriendsinrealtime.However,Ha-joo-chang,aprofessoratCambridgeUniversity,doesn’ta___120___.HebelievesthewashingmachinehaschangedtheworldmorethantheInternet.Thatsoundsstrange,butChangisnota___121___.Manyexpertshavecalledthewashingmachinethegreatestinventionofthe20thcentury.Why?Let’sbeh___122___:Howmanyofuslovetodothelaundry(洗衣機(jī))?Itseemsthecycleofwashing,dryingandironingneverends.It’ssotiringandboring.However,beforethewashingmachinewasinvented,womenoftenhadtospendlotsoftimewashingclothes.Manyofthemsufferedfrombackp___123___.Thewashingmachinefreedfromthelaundry.Manywomenfoundtheyhadenoughtimetoenterthelabormarket.Asaresult,thesocialstatusofwomenbegantochange.Today,mostwomencanmakeani___124___living.Theydon’thavetorelyonmenanylonger.Tobetterunderstandtheinfluenceofwashingmachines,wecanlookatsocietiesw___125___them.InmanyAfricancountries,doingthelaundrytakeswomensixhoursaday,Womenthereh___126___havetimetoworkorstartabusiness.Itisdifficultforthemtofindawayoutofpoverty.Perhapsthingswillbealotdifferentiftheyhavewashingmachines.Weoftentakethewashingmachineforgranted.Butthesemachinesdoplayanimportantroleinourlives.Theyhavegreatlychangedtheworld.（七）（2021·上海浦東新·二模）Canlivingazero-wastelifestylebetrue?OneNewYorkerisprovingit’snotonlypossible,butitlooksfunaswell.TheNewYorker,Ms.Singerdidn’tgrowupinareally“green”home.“Myfamilyisn’tlikethisatall,”shesaid.“Theyweretheleastf____127____toenvironmentever.”Theideatohaveano-wastelifedidn’tcometoherminduntilshelearnedenvironmentalstudiesatuniversity.In2013,Ms.Singerdecidedtoc____128____aslittlerubbishaspossible.Shelikedgoingtothefarmers’market,whereshebeganshoppingbygivinguppackaging.Shelearnedhowtostorefoodinherapartmenttokeepitf____129____longer.Allfoodshecouldn’tfinishwentintoalargebowlinherfridge,whichsheemptiedonceaweekatherplants.Shewouldr____130____glassbottlestobuymilk,beerandonlybuyotheritemsthatusuallycomeinpaperboxes.Shealsobegantobuyclothesatsecondhandshopsinsteadofbuyingnewones.Ms.Singerevenbeganfindingouthowtomakeherowncleaningp____131____,fromtoothpastetohousecleaner,fromtoiletpapertowashingpowder.She’sproudlylivingano-wastelife.Bitbybit,Ms.Singerwash____132____makinganynon-recyclablerubbish.Infact,everypieceofrubbishshe’sgotoverthelastthreeyearsstaysinasinglejar.“It’sbabysteps,onethingafteranother,”shesaid.Aftershehadaquickreductioninherrubbishpile,shestartedacompany.Sheandherstafftravelaroundtheworldsharinghers____133____andintroducingherzero-wastelifestyle.Maybe,therewillbemoreSingersallaroundtheworld.（八）（2021·上海嘉定·二模）AnnaDuwaswalkingalongthebeachwhenshenoticedplasticsthere.Shereacheddowntopickthemup,andquicklyrealizedthereweremanymoretinypiecesthanshecoulddealwith.Itseemedi____134____tocleanthemallup.Du,12yearsoldatthetime,tiredtosolvetheproblemlikeanygoodscientist-first,bydoingalittlerr____135____.Sheconductedsurveysandsearchedforinformation.That’showshelearnedthat8milliontonsofplasticsendupintheoceanseveryyear.Thenshegottoworkbuildingsomethingthatcouldhelpsolvetheproblem:aremote-operatedvehicle(遙控潛水器)—ROV,HerROVcanmovethroughwaterandfindplasticsontheoceanfloor.TheactuallycoolpartofDu’sROVisthedetection(探測)system.Sheusesac____136____alongwiththreedifferentkindsoflighttofindtheplasticsthroughpictures.Shealsousesvisible(可見的)lighttofindunnaturalcolorsthatmightmaketheplasticsstandout.“Shehasaverygoodengineeringsensetobreakdownaproblemlikethisandthengoafterit,”saysengineerCaseyMachado,“Itsoundss____137____,butit’salevelofthinkingthat’sreallydifficult.”Dostartedattendingpubliceventsandworkshopsatauniversitywhenshewasfiveyearsold,andsoshepickeduptheengineeringskillsnecessarytobuildherROV.ShesaysactuallygettingherROVtomovethroughwaterwellwasnoteasy.Shef____138____manytimes,butshenevergaveuptryingandtesting.Whenaskedaboutfutureplans,shesaidthatshewantedtoaddresstheeffectsofclimate(氣候)change.“Ithinktherearealotofproblemsthatcouldbesolvedwithnewi____139____.”saysDu.Duthanksherparents,whoforyearshavetakenhertostudentoutreachactivities,forsupportingherinterestinscience,technology,engineeringandmath(STEM).Shesaysshehasbeenabletomeetstudentsandscientiststhere.“IknowIwanttobeanengineerbecauseIlikebuildingthingstohelpsolveworldproblems,”saysDu.“ButI’mnotsurewhatkindofengineerIwanttobeyet.”L____140____,shehasplentyoftimetofigurethatoutatherage.（九）（2021·上海寶山·二模）Whatislaughter?Laughterisnaturalforpeople.Westarttolaughataboutfourmonthsofage.Westarttolaughevenbeforewestarttospeak!Laughterissocial.Itconnectsuswithotherpeople.Welaughmorewhenwearewithotherpeople.Studiesfindthatweare30timesmorelikelytolaughwithothersthanwhenwearea___141___.Whenonepersonlaughs,otherpeoplebegintolaugh,too.Itisdifficulttopretend.Laughterish___142___.Trytolaughrightnow.It’sdifficult,isn’tit?Whenpeoplepretendtolaugh,mostpeopleknowit’snotreal.Studiesshowthatpeopledon’tlikethesoundoffake(虛假的)laughter.Whendopeoplelaugh?Only10to20percentoflaughterisaboutsomethingfunny.Mostlaughterisaboutbeingfriendlywithotherpeople.Mostlaughtersays“Idon’twanttocompetewithyou.Iliketobewithyou.”Thiskindoflaughterbringspeoplet___143___.Weoftenlaughwhenwefeeln___144___.Atthebeginningofthemeeting,someoneoftentellsajoke.It’susuallyasmalljoke,butwelaughalot.Ourlaughterhelpsusrelax.Whatisfunny?Somethingsarefunnybecausewedon’te___145___them.Whenajokebegins,wealreadyhaveanideaabouttheend.Wethinkweknowtheend,butthenthejokeendsinadifferentway.Theendofthejokesurprisesus.Itmakesuslaugh.Sillythingsaresometimesfunny.Welaughatjokesaboutpeopleandtheirm___146___becauseweknowsomethingtheydon’tknow.Wethinkwearebetterthantheyare.Noteveryonehasthesamesenseofhumor(幽默感).Somepeoplethinkajokeisfunny,butotherpeopledon’tthinkso.Peoplehavedifferentideaaboutwhatisfunny.Foryoungchildren,theworldisnew.Manythingssurprisethem,sotheylaughalot.Teenagersoftenworryaboutwhatothersthinkofthem.Theylaughtop___147___themselves.Teenagerslaughwhentheyfeelembarrassed.Adultslaughatthingsthatgivethemstress.Ourreasonsforlaughterchangeovertime.（十）（2021·上海長寧·二模）Impatientpeopleareoftenseenasproudandself-important.Beingimpatientcanaffectyourrelationshipsatworkandathomenegatively(有害地).Peoplewillsenseangerfromyouandnotliked_____190_____withyouifyouareimpatient.Theymightevencometoavoidyoucompletely.Impatientpeopleareoftenseenasmakingquickdecisionsastheydon’tletpeoplecommunicatefullyorfindoutallthefactsfirst.Whenyounoticeyouareimpatient,youcanfindsomewaystoovercomethem.Herearetwowaysthatmayhelpyou.Becauseimpatientpeopleareoftenb_____191_____andhatetowastetime,theysometimesdon’tleaveextratimeforsmallmistakes.Thismeansthat,iftheyneedtobesomewhere,theyarealwaysdoingothertaskst_____192_____thelastminute.Theydon’tleaveextratimeincaseabusislate,theycan’tfindtheircarkeysorsomeotherp_____193_____appear.Whenyouneedtogetsomewhere,especiallyifitissomewhereimportant,giveyourselfsomeextratime.Ifyouarriveearly,youcanrelaxordosomethingthen.Beprepared.Ifbeinghungrygetsyouimpatient,keepahealthbarwithyouatalltimes.Ifyouhatesittingaroundwaiting,seetosomebusinessonyourphoneorkeepabooktoreadhandyatalltimes.Ifyouknowthatyoumightbes_____194_____intrafficorwaitattheairport,thinkaboutwhatyoumightneedtopassthetime.Agamemightbehelpfulorevensomethingass_____195_____asapenandpapertowritealetter.Sometimespatienceisaboutchangingourattitudetoourplaceintheworld.Don’tbelievethatyourtimeismoreimportantthana_____196_____else’s.Youcanlearntocontroltheemotionsyoufeelwhenyouareimpatientandsobecomeapersonwhoisbotheasiertogetonwithandenjoyslifemore.（十一）（2021·上海徐匯·二模）HundredsofthousandsofpeopleoftenseetheirfacesontheTVscreen.Theymaybespeaking“l(fā)ive”fromthesceneofanearthquakeorinterviewingafamousperson.Theylookconfidentastheypresentstoriesorgiveregularupdatesonanimportantnewsevent.TheyareTVreporters.Tomanyofus,TVreportersseemtohaveane_____197_____job.Afterall,theywillbeamongthefirsttoknowaboutmajorlocalandworldeventsandtheyoftengettowatchtheseeventshappenrightbeforetheireyes.Theye_____198_____havemanyopportunitiestomeetwell-knownpeopleandtopleaders.Actually,reportersnotonlyhavetoputinalotofhardwork,theymustalsodevelopdifferentskillsandhavetherightpersonalityforthejob.TVreportersmusttellaninterestingstorysothatpeoplewillwanttowatchandpayattentiontoit.Togetthenewstotheirviewersasquicklyaspossible,TVreportershavetoworklongandirregularhours.Theyoftenworknights,weekends,andh_____199_____—whenpeopleinmostotherjobsaretakingtheirdaysoff.Reportersmustalwaysbereadytogettoworkrightaway.Duringsuddennewsevent,TVreportersmayhavetoputdownsomenotesandstartreportingi_____200_____.Insuchasituation,theymaynothavethetimetogetbacktotheTVstationandwritedowntheirstory.Sometimes,areporterhastoc_____201_____anewsstorythathehasbeenworkingonbecauseanothernewsstorymayseemmoreimportant.WhenTVreportersstudyfortheirjob,theyhavetolearntowritenewsstoriesthatgowiththevideothecameramanhasshot.WritingforTVisverydifferentfromwritingano_____202_____report.Inordertoattracttheirviewers,theymustlearntodressprofessionallyandsmartly.TVreportersmustspeakclearlyandappearrelaxed.Theymustlearntolookintothecameraandsmile.Besides,aTVreporter’sv_____203_____iskeytohisorhersuccessonthejob.Whentrainingforthejob,studentslearntospeakattherightvolumetodelivertheirnewsstoryinsuchawayastokeeptheirviewersinterested.（十二）（2021·上海虹口·二模）Withequalopportunities,womenareabletochoosetheirownidealjobs.Ifa9to5officejobisn’tyourstyle,considerthefollowingf____204____funjobsavailable.Wedding（婚禮）plannerWhilesomewomendreamoftheirweddingday,othersgrowuptobeweddingplanners.B___205___chancesareavailable,asmorethan2millionweddingstakeplaceintheUnitedStateseachyearwithana____206____spendofmorethan$1,000perweddingforaweddingplanner.DisneycharacterImaginebeingpaidtobeaprincess.FormanywomenworkingattheDisneyresorts,thatise____207____whattheydo.TheWaltDisneyCompanywantslook-alikestoplaytheroleofDisneycharacters,likeCinderella,atitsDisneylandandDisneyWorld