專題08 首字母填空（二） 沖刺2022年中考英語重難題型好題集錦（上海專用）（解析版）

專題08首字母填空（二）（一）（2022·上海徐匯·二模）HappyisanAsianelephant.ShelivesattheCityZoo.Somepeoplesaythezoodoesn’tgiveHappythespaceandsociallifesheneeds.Ithasrestartedtalksaboutwhetherzoosshouldstillexist.Somesayzoossaveanimalsfromdyingout.Othersarguethatlivinginasmallspaceisbadforananimal’shealth.Herearesomeo____22____fromouryoungreaders.Grace,8yearsoldThankstozoos,manyanimalspecies（種類）aresavedfromdisappearingc____23____.LastsummerinChina,Isawthepandaatthezooandlearnedaboutthewildlifeprogramthere.Severaldecadesago,thesecutebigbearswerealmostwipedoutinthewild.Butthezooprotectsthemandhelpsthemp____24____moreyoungpandas.Nowtherearemanymorepandas.Yanni,10yearsoldWeshouldn’thavezoos.Inzoos,animalsmightnotbegivenproperlivingconditions.Livinginanunfamiliarenvironmentandbeingwatchedbyhumans,animalscanfeeln____25____.A2003studyof35speciesofcarnivores（食肉動(dòng)物）foundthatmostzoosweretoosmallforsomeoftheanimalstocarryouttheirregulardailya____26____.Shane,10yearsoldWeshouldstillhavezoosforafewreasons.Zoosprovideanimalswithfoodandanenvironmentthatismadetolookliketheirn____27____environment.Zoosalsotryhardtoincreasetheirpopulation.Andmostzooshaveeducationalprogramsthathelpchildrenlearnaboutdifferentanimalsandconservationefforts.Susie,9yearsoldAnimalsarekeptawayfromtheirhomesandputinfencedareasorcages.Whenthey’reinzoos,theycanalsolosetheabilitiestheywerebornwith.Iftheywerereleasedintothewild,theywouldn’tknowhowtos____28____.Ananimal’shealthismoreimportantthanourentertainment.TheNextDebate!Shouldthegovernmentsetscreen-timelimitsforkids?【答案】22．(o)pinions23．(c)ompletely24．(p)roduce25．(n)ervous26．(a)ctivities27．(n)atural28．(s)urvive【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一只生活在城市動(dòng)物園的大象引發(fā)的關(guān)于動(dòng)物園是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)存在的討論。22．句意：以下是我們年輕讀者的一些觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)前文“Somesayzoossaveanimalsfromdyingout.Othersarguethatlivinginasmallspaceisbadforananimal’shealth.”和首字母提示可知，應(yīng)是年輕讀者的一些觀點(diǎn)，故空處應(yīng)是opinion“觀點(diǎn)”，可數(shù)名詞，因之前有some修飾，所以名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填(o)pinions。23．句意：多虧了動(dòng)物園，許多動(dòng)物物種得以免于完全消失。根據(jù)下文“Severaldecadesago,thesecutebigbearswerealmostwipedoutinthewild.Butthezooprotectsthemandhelpsthemp…moreyoungpandas.”結(jié)合語境和首字母提示可知，應(yīng)是多虧了動(dòng)物園，許多動(dòng)物物種得以免于完全消失，所以空處應(yīng)是completely“完全地”，副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞。故填(c)ompletely。24．句意：但是動(dòng)物園保護(hù)它們，幫助它們繁育更多的小熊貓。根據(jù)空后“moreyoungpandas”和首字母提示可知，應(yīng)是幫助它們繁育更多的小熊貓，所以空處應(yīng)是produce“繁育”，動(dòng)詞；helpsb.dosth.“幫助某人做某事”，固定用法。故填(p)roduce。25．句意：生活在一個(gè)陌生的環(huán)境中，被人類監(jiān)視，動(dòng)物會(huì)感到緊張。根據(jù)前文“Livinginanunfamiliarenvironmentandbeingwatchedbyhumans,”和首字母提示可知，應(yīng)是動(dòng)物會(huì)感到緊張，所以空處應(yīng)是nervous“緊張的”，形容詞，作表語。故填(n)ervous。26．句意：2003年對35種食肉動(dòng)物進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)動(dòng)物園太小，一些動(dòng)物無法進(jìn)行日常活動(dòng)。根據(jù)空前“mostzoosweretoosmallforsomeoftheanimals”和首字母提示可知，應(yīng)是無法進(jìn)行日常活動(dòng)，所以空處應(yīng)是activity“活動(dòng)”，可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示類別。故填(a)ctivities。27．句意：動(dòng)物園為動(dòng)物提供食物和使其看起來像它們的自然環(huán)境的環(huán)境。根據(jù)空前“anenvironmentthatismadetolooklike”和首字母提示可知，應(yīng)是使其看起來像它們的自然環(huán)境的環(huán)境，所以空處應(yīng)是natural“自然的”，形容詞，作定語。故填(n)atural。28．句意：如果它們被放歸野外，它們將不知道如何生存。根據(jù)前句“Whenthey’reinzoos,theycanalsolosetheabilitiestheywerebornwith.”和首字母提示可知，應(yīng)是如果它們被放歸野外，它們將不知道如何生存，所以空處應(yīng)是survive“生存”，動(dòng)詞；howtodosth.“怎么做”，是“特殊疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填(s)urvive。（二）（2022·上海寶山·一模）Fruit,meat,milkandvegetablesallcomefromfarms.Farmsarei____36____becausetheyprovideshopsandsupermarketswithfood.Buthaveyoueverbeentoafarmanddoyouknowwhatfarmersdo?Everyyear,agroupcalledLinkingEnvironmentandFarming(LEAF)o____37____OpenFarmSunday.On9June,about350UKfarmswillbefreeforvisitorstoexploreandenjoy.A____38____mayincludefarmwalks,ponddipping(usinganettotakethingsoutofpondstolookatthemmoreclosely),talkswithfarmers,tractor(拖拉機(jī))ridesandminimarkets.Lotsoffarmsselltheirp____39____inthemarkets,suchasfruit,vegetables,meatandtastyhomemadecakes.Visitorswillalsobeabletogetplentyofexerciseandfreshaironafarmvisit.OpenFarmSundaywassetupin2006andmorethantwomillionstudentshaveenjoyedtheexperiencess____40____then.Theyhavevisitedafarmwiththeirschoolsandseenanimals,machinesandplants,aswellasfarmersdoingtheirjobs.Farmtripsshowhowthelandhastobelookedafter,howtheweatheraffectscropsandhowanimalsarecaredfor.They’vealsogotthechancetohelplookafterandfeedtheanimals.Somefarmshaveaneducationalareathatshowswhatfarmingusedtobelike.Visitorscanl____41____abouttraditionalmethods,thehistoryofthefarmandhowfarminghaschangedasabusiness.A____42____whois10oroldercanjobLinkingEnvironmentandFarmingandtakepartinOpenFarmSunday.FormoredetailsaboutOpenFarmsSunday,pleasevisit/visit-a-farm.【答案】36．(i)mportant37．(o)rganizes38．(A)ctivities39．(p)roducts40．(s)ince41．(l)earn42．(A)nyone【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了一個(gè)“周日開放農(nóng)場”的活動(dòng)，目的是為了讓人們更好地了解農(nóng)場的運(yùn)作，并從其中學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)的方法，農(nóng)場的歷史等。36．句意：農(nóng)場很重要，因?yàn)樗鼈優(yōu)樯痰旰统刑峁┦澄?。are后接形容詞作表語，根據(jù)“becausetheyprovideshopsandsupermarketswithfood”及首字母可知，農(nóng)場為商店和超市提供食物，所以它們很重要，important“重要的”，故填(i)mportant。37．句意：每年，一個(gè)名為“LEAF”的團(tuán)體都會(huì)組織“周日開放農(nóng)場”。根據(jù)“OpenFarmSunday”及首字母可知，組織農(nóng)場開放讓參觀者探索，organize表示“組織”，根據(jù)“Everyyear”可知，句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語agroup是單數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞用三單形式，故填(o)rganizes。38．句意：活動(dòng)可能包括農(nóng)場散步、池塘浸泡(用網(wǎng)把池塘里的東西拿出來更仔細(xì)地看)、與農(nóng)民交談、駕駛拖拉機(jī)和小市場。根據(jù)“mayincludefarmwalks,ponddipping”及首字母可知，此處介紹在農(nóng)場做的活動(dòng)，activity“活動(dòng)”，此處不止一個(gè)活動(dòng)，應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填(A)ctivities。39．句意：許多農(nóng)場在市場上出售他們的產(chǎn)品，如水果、蔬菜、肉類和美味的自制蛋糕。根據(jù)“suchasfruit,vegetables,meatandtastyhomemadecakes”及首字母可知，此處介紹出售的產(chǎn)品，product“產(chǎn)品”，不止一種產(chǎn)品，此空應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填(p)roducts。40．句意：周日開放農(nóng)場于2006年成立，自那時(shí)以來，已有200多萬名學(xué)生享受了這種體驗(yàn)。根據(jù)“haveenjoyedtheexperiences…then”及首字母可知，此處用sincethen表示“自從那時(shí)以來”，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填(s)ince。41．句意：參觀者可以了解傳統(tǒng)的方法，農(nóng)場的歷史，以及作為一門生意的農(nóng)業(yè)是如何改變的。根據(jù)“Visitorscan…abouttraditionalmethods,thehistoryofthefarm”及首字母可知，此處指參觀農(nóng)場的人可以學(xué)到的知識(shí)，learnabout“學(xué)習(xí)”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后接動(dòng)詞原形，故填(l)earn。42．句意：只要是10歲以上的人，都可以參加“環(huán)境與農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)合日”活動(dòng)。此空缺少主語，根據(jù)“who”以及首字母可知，此處指只要是10歲以上的任何人，anyone“任何人”，故填(A)nyone。（三）ChineseParentinghasbeenahottopicovertheyears.Parentscontrolledalmosteveryaspectofachild’slife,fromlearningamusicalinstrumenttofindingalifepartner.NowChinesevideogameplayerscanexperiencewhatit’sliketobeaChineseparentinanewvideogame.OngamingplatformSteam’sbestsellerlist,ChineseParentshasreachedNo.2.Itseemssimplerandlesscompetitivethanothergames.Alloperationscanbecompletedwithas____43____mouseclick.Thegamestartsoverwiththenewbaby.Themaintaskofthegameistohelpthechildinthegamegeth____44____gradestoenterabetterschool.It’sahugechallengeformanyChineseparents.Butplayersarealsoencouragedtogivetheire-kidssparetimefora____45____suchasbasketballandvideogaming.Thesecanhelpthemrelaxandleadbalancedlives.Thebiggestattractionisperhapsitsreflection（反映）ofr____46____lifeinChina.Forexample,thegameshowstheimportanceof“saving”and“giving”inChineseculture.Tobeclear,kidsshouldpretendtorefuseNewYearredenvelopesfromothers.Developersofthegamesaidmanyplotswerebasedontheirpersonale____47____.LiJiaqing,a25-year-oldgraphicdesigner,tookthegameforamirrortoherownchildhood.“Beingaparentisn’teasy,”Lisaid.“I’vecontrolledmykids’stresslevelsc____48____topreventbreakdowns.”Playthegameandwalkamileinyourparents’shoes.Perhapsyoucanr____49____whatthedesignerswantedtovoice—kidsandparentsshouldunderstandeachother.Hugyourparentsandsaythankyoutothemwhenyoufinishthegame.【答案】43．(s)ingle##(s)imple44．(h)igher45．(a)ctivities46．(r)eal47．(e)xperiences48．(c)arefully49．(r)ealize【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文講述中國父母這一游戲的開發(fā)理念和游戲的具體設(shè)計(jì)，人們可以通過玩游戲明白孩子和父母應(yīng)該相互理解。43．句意：所有的操作只用單擊一下鼠標(biāo)就能完成。名詞前用形容詞修飾，根據(jù)“mouseclick”及首字母提示可知，句子表達(dá)“單擊鼠標(biāo)”，用形容詞“single”作定語；或者表達(dá)“簡單地點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)”，用形容詞“simple”作定語。故填(s)ingle/(s)imple。44．句意：游戲的主要任務(wù)是幫助游戲中的孩子取得更高的成績，進(jìn)入更好的學(xué)校。名詞“grades”用形容詞修飾。根據(jù)“Thegamestartsoverwiththenewbaby”及“toenterabetterschool”可知，句子表達(dá)比較級的含義，表示更高的等級。根據(jù)首字母提示可知用形容詞比較級“higher”。故填(h)igher。45．句意：但玩家們也被鼓勵(lì)給他們的電子兒童留出空余時(shí)間進(jìn)行籃球和電子游戲等活動(dòng)。介詞“for”后缺賓語，根據(jù)“suchasbasketballandvideogaming”及首字母提示可知表達(dá)“活動(dòng)”，是復(fù)數(shù)概念，用復(fù)數(shù)名詞“activities”。故填(a)ctivities。46．句意：最大的吸引力可能是它對中國真實(shí)生活的反映。名詞“l(fā)ife”用形容詞修飾。根據(jù)后文“Tobeclear,kidsshouldpretendtorefuseNewYearredenvelopesfromothers”可知表達(dá)真實(shí)的生活反應(yīng)，根據(jù)首字母提示可知用形容詞“real”作定語。故填(r)eal。47．句意：游戲的開發(fā)者說很多情節(jié)基于他們的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。介詞on后缺賓語，根據(jù)后文“tookthegameforamirrortoherownchildhood”及首字母提示可知，句子表達(dá)基于他們自己的經(jīng)歷，根據(jù)“their”可知是復(fù)數(shù)概念，用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式“experiences”。故填(e)xperiences。48．句意：我小心翼翼地控制我的孩子的壓力水平，防止他們崩潰。動(dòng)詞“controlled”用副詞修飾。根據(jù)“Beingaparentisn’teasy”及“topreventbreakdowns”可知句子表達(dá)小心地控制，根據(jù)首字母提示可知用副詞“carefully”。故填(c)arefully。49．句意：可能你會(huì)意識(shí)到設(shè)計(jì)者想要說明的東西：孩子和父母應(yīng)該相互理解。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“can”后面用動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)“whatthedesignerswantedtovoice—kidsandparentsshouldunderstandeachother”可知句子表達(dá)意識(shí)到的事情，用動(dòng)詞“realize”。故填(r)ealize。（四）（2022·上海楊浦·一模）Oneday,Jennywastakingherfirstartclassatschool.Shewasveryexcited.Theartteacher,MrsMinton,toldthechildrentopainttheflowersinavaseatthefrontoftheclass.“Don’tworryifyourpaintingdoesn’tlooke____92____likethepaintingbythepersonnexttoyou,“shesaid.“Theimportantthingistopaintwhatyousee.”Jennyworkedveryhard.Shespentsolongpaintingthatherhandbegantoh____93____from

holdingthebrush.Sheputthebrushdownforamomenttorestandlookedatthepaintingnexttohers.“That’sreallygood”,shesaidtoCarrie.Carrie’spaintingwassmallandneat.Everyflowerwasjustliketherealflowersinthevase.“Thanks,”saidCarrie.ShelookedoveratJenny’spainting.“Oh!Whathappenedtoyours?”“Whatdoyoumean?”askedJenny.Shelookedatherownpainting.ItwasverydifferentfromCarrie’s.Itcoveredthewholepageandthecolorswereb____94____thantherealflowers.“Itlookslikeabigm____95____,”saidCarrie.“Didyoupourthepaint?”“No,”saidJenny,upset.“IpaintedwhatIsaw,justlikeMrsMintonsaid.”“It’sOK,youknow,”saidCarrie.“Noteveryoneisgoodatart.”MrsMintonheardwhatCarriesaid,andshecameovertolookatJenny’swork.“Ohmy,”saidMrsMinton.“Ithinkit’swonderful,Jenny.It’ssofullofcolorandhappiness.”Jennywasverys____96____.“ButMrsMinton,itdoesn’tlookanythingliketheflowersyoutoldustodraw.”Carriesaid.“Maybenottoyou,Carrie.Everyoneseesdifferentthingswhentheylookattheworld.”Sheshowedthemapictureinabookofapainting.“Thisisapictureanartistpaintedofhisownface.Thisishowhesawh____97____”.“But...but...it’sjustafewlines,”saidCarrie.“Itdoesn’tlookanythinglikearealperson.”MrsMintonturnedtoJenny.“Youshouldreadthisbook.Jenny.Therearealotofdifferentkindsofpaintingsandoneisn’tbetterthantheother.”Thatevening,Jennyreadallaboutthefamousartists.Someoftheirpaintingswereverys____98____,butshelikedtolookatthemall.“I’mgoingtobeanartistwhenIgrowup,”shesaidtohermother.【答案】92．(e)xactly93．(h)urt94．(b)righter95．(m)ess96．(s)urprised97．(h)imself98．(s)trange【解析】【分析】本文主要通過珍妮畫畫的故事告訴我們：每個(gè)人看世界的時(shí)候看到的東西都不一樣。92．句意：如果你的畫和你旁邊的人畫的不一樣，也不要擔(dān)心。根據(jù)“Don’tworryifyourpaintingdoesn’tlook...likethepaintingbythepersonnexttoyou,”結(jié)合單詞首字母可知此處是指如果你的畫確實(shí)和你旁邊的人畫的不一樣。exactly“確切地”，是副詞，故填(e)xactly。93．句意：珍妮工作很努力。她花了很長時(shí)間作畫，手因握畫筆而開始疼痛。根據(jù)“Shespentsolongpaintingthatherhandbegantofromholdingthebrush”結(jié)合單詞首字母可知此處是指手因長時(shí)間握畫筆而開始疼痛，hurt“疼痛”，是動(dòng)詞，空前有不定式符號to，動(dòng)詞用原形，故填(h)urt。94．句意：它覆蓋了整頁，顏色比真正的花還要鮮艷。根據(jù)“Itcoveredthewholepageandthecolorswere...thantherealflowers.”結(jié)合單詞首字母可知此處是指顏色更明亮，鮮艷，bright“明亮的”，由than可知用比較級形式，故填(b)righter。95．句意：看起來一團(tuán)糟。根據(jù)“Itlookslikeabig...saidCarrie.‘Didyoupourthepaint?’”結(jié)合單詞首字母可知此處是指一團(tuán)糟，mess“混亂”，前面有a修飾，用原形，故填(m)ess。96．句意：珍妮非常驚訝。根據(jù)“Itlookslikeabig...saidCarrie.‘Didyoupourthepaint?”以及“Ithinkit’swonderful,Jenny.It’ssofullofcolorandhappiness”可知珍妮是感到很驚訝的，surprised“驚訝的”，修飾人，故填(s)urprised。97．句意：這就是他對自己的看法。根據(jù)“Everyoneseesdifferentthingswhentheylookattheworld”以及“Thisishowhesaw...”結(jié)合單詞首字母可知此處是指藝術(shù)家對他自己的看法，himself“他自己”，是反身代詞，故填(h)imself。98．句意：他們的一些畫很奇怪，但她喜歡全部看一看。根據(jù)“Someoftheirpaintingswerevery...butshelikedtolookatthemall.”結(jié)合單詞首字母可知此處是指一些畫很奇怪，strange“奇怪的”，是形容詞，故填(s)trange。（五）（2022·上海閔行·一模）Goodthingsoftencomeinsmallpackages.Thisise____99____trueinthecaseofminiatureart(微型藝術(shù)),where,uponcloseobservation,greatthingsareoftenrevealed.TheNationalGalleryofLondondescribes“anartistwhopaintsingreatdetailsonaverysmallscale”asaminiaturist.Thepiecesthatminiaturistscreatearecalledminiatureart.E____100____examplescanbedatedbacktocenturiesagoinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.InIndia,tinydrawingswerepaintedontopalmleaves7.62centimeterswide.A12.5-millimeter-tallcarvingofabird,d____101____inLingjing,China,hasbeencalledChina’soldestworkofart.Thecarving,about13,500yearsold,mightbeoneoftheworld’soldestpiecesofminiatureart.Overtheyears,miniaturistshaveusedmanydifferentm____102____,frompapertoplantseeds,tocreatetinypaintings,sculpturesandengravingsofpeople,animalsandscenery.Twothingsarerequiredofeachartist:plentyoftimeandbeingp____103____tocreateminiatureart.Thepiecesaresotinythattheyneedtobeworkedoncarefullyandslowly.Thoughsmall,thepiecesmustbeperfectlyformed.Someoneo____104____said,“Aminiaturemustalwaysbedesignedforcloseobservation.Itismeanttobeheldinthehand,watchedcloselyandeventobelookedatwithamagnifyingglass.”Tinyminiaturepaintingsmustbeaccomplishedwithsuchfinestrokes(筆劃)thatwhenthepieceismagnified,itsamazingdetailisenhanced.Thesameistrueforminiaturesculpturesandallotherformsofminiatureart.Miniatureartbegantol____105____itsattractioninthe19thcenturywhenphotographyappeared.Overthelast30years,though,miniatureshavebeenmadepopularagain.Itisunlikelythatminiatureartwillevergoawayaslongaspeopleremainfascinatedbytinymasterpieces.【答案】99．(e)specially##(e)xactly##(e)xtremely100．(E)arly101．(d)iscovered102．(m)aterials103．(p)atient104．(o)nce105．(l)ose【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹微型藝術(shù)的發(fā)展歷史。99．句意：這在微型藝術(shù)中尤其是完全/非常正確的，在那里，通過近距離的觀察，偉大的事物往往會(huì)被揭示出來。根據(jù)題干中“is…true”可知此處需填副詞修飾形容詞，根據(jù)后句“…uponcloseobservation,greatthingsareoftenrevealed.”可知微型藝術(shù)是通過近距離觀察，偉大美妙的事物常被發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以美好的事物常來自于細(xì)小的包裝，這句話非常準(zhǔn)確地詮釋了微型藝術(shù)。結(jié)合所給首字母。故填(e)specially/(e)xactly/(e)xtremely。100．句意：早期的例子可以追溯到幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前的世界各地的許多地方。根據(jù)題干中“bedatedbacktocenturiesago”追溯到幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前以及后句“InIndia,tinydrawingswerepaintedontopalmleaves7.62centimeterswide.A12.5-millimeter-tallcarvingofabird,d..inLingjing,China,hasbeencalledChina’soldestworkofart.”可知在印度，在寬7.62厘米的棕櫚葉上畫上了細(xì)小的圖案；在中國靈井發(fā)現(xiàn)了一尊12.5毫米高的鳥雕，被稱為中國最古老的藝術(shù)品。可見很早前就有微型藝術(shù)。根據(jù)所給空后面的名詞可知填形容詞。結(jié)合后文句意以及首字母。故填(E)arly。101．句意：在中國靈井發(fā)現(xiàn)了一尊12.5毫米高的鳥雕，被稱為中國最古老的藝術(shù)品。分析題干“A12.5-millimeter-tallcarvingofabird…inLingjing,China,hasbeencalled…”可知此處需用過去分詞作定語，修飾“A12.5-millimeter-tallcarvingofabir”，結(jié)合句意和所給首字母此處應(yīng)是表達(dá)在中國發(fā)現(xiàn)一尊12.5毫米高的鳥雕。故填(d)iscovered。102．句意：多年來，微圖畫家們使用了許多不同的材料，從紙張到植物種子，來創(chuàng)作微型繪畫、雕塑和人、動(dòng)物和風(fēng)景的雕刻。根據(jù)所給空“manydifferent…”可知此處需填名詞復(fù)數(shù)；根據(jù)后文“frompapertoplantseeds,tocreatetinypaintings,sculpturesandengravingsofpeople,animalsandscenery.”可知從紙張到植物種子進(jìn)行雕刻，可見微圖畫家用不同的材料來創(chuàng)作。結(jié)合首字母和句意，故填(m)aterials。103．句意：每個(gè)藝術(shù)家都需要兩件事：足夠的時(shí)間和耐心來創(chuàng)作微型藝術(shù)。根據(jù)題干“being…”可知此處需填形容詞，根據(jù)后文“Thepiecesaresotinythattheyneedtobeworkedoncarefullyandslowly.”可知這些作品太小了，需要小心而緩慢地處理?！彼晕⑿退囆g(shù)需要耐心。故填(p)atient。104．句意：有人曾經(jīng)說過：“微型模型必須是為了近距離觀察而設(shè)計(jì)的?！备鶕?jù)題干“someone…said”可知此處需填副詞；根據(jù)后文引用的內(nèi)容““Aminiaturemustalwaysbedesignedforcloseobservation.Itismeanttobeheldinthehand,watchedcloselyandeventobelookedatwithamagnifyingglass.””可知這是有人曾經(jīng)說過的話。結(jié)合首字母，故填(o)nce。105．句意：微型藝術(shù)在19世紀(jì)攝影術(shù)出現(xiàn)后開始失去吸引力。根據(jù)題干“begintodo”開始做某事，此處需填動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)后句“…photographyappeared”可知攝影技術(shù)出現(xiàn)，可推測出微型藝術(shù)就開始失去吸引力。結(jié)合所給首字母，故填(l)ose。（六）（2021·上海崇明·二模）Whichismoreimportanttoourlives,theInternetorthewashingmachine?Manyofusmightanswer,“TheInternet!”TheInternethelpsusgatherinformation.Itallowsustoseeourfriendsinrealtime.However,Ha-joo-chang,aprofessoratCambridgeUniversity,doesn’ta___120___.HebelievesthewashingmachinehaschangedtheworldmorethantheInternet.Thatsoundsstrange,butChangisnota___121___.Manyexpertshavecalledthewashingmachinethegreatestinventionofthe20thcentury.Why?Let’sbeh___122___:Howmanyofuslovetodothelaundry(洗衣機(jī))?Itseemsthecycleofwashing,dryingandironingneverends.It’ssotiringandboring.However,beforethewashingmachinewasinvented,womenoftenhadtospendlotsoftimewashingclothes.Manyofthemsufferedfrombackp___123___.Thewashingmachinefreedfromthelaundry.Manywomenfoundtheyhadenoughtimetoenterthelabormarket.Asaresult,thesocialstatusofwomenbegantochange.Today,mostwomencanmakeani___124___living.Theydon’thavetorelyonmenanylonger.Tobetterunderstandtheinfluenceofwashingmachines,wecanlookatsocietiesw___125___them.InmanyAfricancountries,doingthelaundrytakeswomensixhoursaday,Womenthereh___126___havetimetoworkorstartabusiness.Itisdifficultforthemtofindawayoutofpoverty.Perhapsthingswillbealotdifferentiftheyhavewashingmachines.Weoftentakethewashingmachineforgranted.Butthesemachinesdoplayanimportantroleinourlives.Theyhavegreatlychangedtheworld.【答案】120．(a)gree121．(a)lone122．(h)onest123．(p)roblem##(p)ain124．(i)ndependent125．(w)ithout126．(h)ardly【解析】【分析】文章就互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和洗衣機(jī)對我們的生活哪個(gè)更重要，給出了一些不同的看法和論述。120．1.句意：然而，劍橋大學(xué)的chang教授并不同意。根據(jù)句子成分，此處缺動(dòng)詞，且是動(dòng)詞原形。其次根據(jù)文章第一段問在我們生活中，網(wǎng)絡(luò)和洗衣機(jī)哪個(gè)更重要，有些人覺得網(wǎng)絡(luò)更重要，而第二段開頭有個(gè)however然而，來了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折，意思劍橋大學(xué)的這個(gè)教授不同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，故填(a)gree。121．句意：這聽起來很奇怪，但不止chang教授一個(gè)人。根據(jù)句子成分，此處缺形容詞，根據(jù)“Manyexpertshavecalledthewashingmachinethegreatestinventionofthe20thcentury.”可知，很多專家稱洗衣機(jī)是二十世紀(jì)最偉大的發(fā)明。所以說chang教授是不孤立的，故填(a)lone。122．句意：實(shí)話說，我們當(dāng)中有多少人喜歡用洗衣機(jī)呢？根據(jù)句子成分，此處缺形容詞，結(jié)合句意，此處指的是說實(shí)話，故填(h)onest。123．句意：他們中的許多人遭受背部問題/疼痛。根據(jù)句子成分，此處缺名詞，再根據(jù)“womenoftenhadtospendlotsoftimewashingclothes.Manyofthemsufferedfromback...”及常識(shí)推測，洗衣服遭受背部問題或疼痛，此處名詞用單數(shù)形式，故填(p)roblem/(p)ain。124．句意：今天，大多數(shù)婦女可以獨(dú)立生活。根據(jù)句子成分，此處缺形容詞，再根據(jù)“Theydon’thavetorelyonmenanylonger.”可知，婦女過上了獨(dú)立的生活，故填(i)ndependent。125．句意：為了更好地理解洗衣機(jī)的影響，我們可以看看沒有洗衣機(jī)的社會(huì)。根據(jù)句子成分，此處缺介詞，再根據(jù)“InmanyAfricancountries,doingthelaundrytakeswomensixhoursaday,”可知，在非洲很多國家，洗衣服每天要花去女性六個(gè)小時(shí)。由此可推測出是“沒有洗衣機(jī)”，用介詞without，故填(w)ithout。126．句意：那里的婦女幾乎沒有時(shí)間工作或創(chuàng)業(yè)。根據(jù)句子成分，此處缺副詞，再根據(jù)“InmanyAfricancountries,doingthelaundrytakeswomensixhoursaday,”可知，在非洲很多國家，洗衣服每天要花去女性六個(gè)小時(shí)。她們幾乎沒有時(shí)間去工作或者做生意，此處應(yīng)填副詞hardly“幾乎不”。故填(h)ardly。（七）（2021·上海浦東新·二模）Canlivingazero-wastelifestylebetrue?OneNewYorkerisprovingit’snotonlypossible,butitlooksfunaswell.TheNewYorker,Ms.Singerdidn’tgrowupinareally“green”home.“Myfamilyisn’tlikethisatall,”shesaid.“Theyweretheleastf____127____toenvironmentever.”Theideatohaveano-wastelifedidn’tcometoherminduntilshelearnedenvironmentalstudiesatuniversity.In2013,Ms.Singerdecidedtoc____128____aslittlerubbishaspossible.Shelikedgoingtothefarmers’market,whereshebeganshoppingbygivinguppackaging.Shelearnedhowtostorefoodinherapartmenttokeepitf____129____longer.Allfoodshecouldn’tfinishwentintoalargebowlinherfridge,whichsheemptiedonceaweekatherplants.Shewouldr____130____glassbottlestobuymilk,beerandonlybuyotheritemsthatusuallycomeinpaperboxes.Shealsobegantobuyclothesatsecondhandshopsinsteadofbuyingnewones.Ms.Singerevenbeganfindingouthowtomakeherowncleaningp____131____,fromtoothpastetohousecleaner,fromtoiletpapertowashingpowder.She’sproudlylivingano-wastelife.Bitbybit,Ms.Singerwash____132____makinganynon-recyclablerubbish.Infact,everypieceofrubbishshe’sgotoverthelastthreeyearsstaysinasinglejar.“It’sbabysteps,onethingafteranother,”shesaid.Aftershehadaquickreductioninherrubbishpile,shestartedacompany.Sheandherstafftravelaroundtheworldsharinghers____133____andintroducingherzero-wastelifestyle.Maybe,therewillbemoreSingersallaroundtheworld.【答案】127．(f)riendly128．(c)reate129．(f)resh130．(r)euse131．(p)roducts132．(h)ardly133．(s)tory##(s)tories【解析】【分析】本文主要講述了紐約人Singer女士零垃圾的生活方式的形成以及最后成立了公司并想把零垃圾的生活方式分享給其他人。127．句意：它們是有史以來對環(huán)境最不友好的。根據(jù)“Ms.Singerdidn’tgrowupinareally“green”home”及首字母，可知，這種對環(huán)境并不友好，friendly“友好的”符合，故填(f)riendly。128．句意：2013年，Singer女士決定盡可能少制造垃圾。根據(jù)“shoppingbygivinguppackaging”可知，通過這些方式來盡可能少創(chuàng)造垃圾，create“創(chuàng)造”符合，decidetodosth“決定做某事”，故填(c)reate。129．句意：她學(xué)會(huì)了如何在自己的公寓里儲(chǔ)存食物以使其更長久地保持新鮮。根據(jù)“howtostorefood”可知，如何將食物更長久地保鮮，fresh“新鮮的”符合，故填(f)resh。130．句意：她會(huì)重復(fù)使用玻璃瓶去買牛奶、啤酒，只買那些通常裝在紙盒里的東西。根據(jù)“Shewould…glassbottlestobuymilk”可知，重復(fù)利用玻璃瓶去買飲品，reuse“重復(fù)利用”，would后接動(dòng)詞原形，故填(r)euse。131．句意：Singer女士甚至開始研究如何制作自己的清潔產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)“fromtoothpastetohousecleaner,fromtoiletpapertowashingpowder”可知，開始研究制作自己的清潔產(chǎn)品，product表示“產(chǎn)品”，此處不止一個(gè)產(chǎn)品，所以用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填(p)roducts。132．句意：一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地，Singer女士幾乎沒有制造任何不可回收的垃圾。根據(jù)“Infact,everypieceofrubbishshe’sgotoverthelastthreeyearsstaysinasinglejar”可知，幾乎是沒有制造任何不可回收的垃圾，hardly“幾乎不”符合，故填(h)ardly。133．句意：她和她的員工在世界各地分享她的故事，介紹她的零浪費(fèi)生活方式。根據(jù)“Sheandherstafftravelaroundtheworldsharingher”及首字母，可知，到處分享她環(huán)保的故事，story“故事”符合，此處用單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故填(s)tory/(s)tories（八）（2021·上海嘉定·二模）AnnaDuwaswalkingalongthebeachwhenshenoticedplasticsthere.Shereacheddowntopickthemup,andquicklyrealizedthereweremanymoretinypiecesthanshecoulddealwith.Itseemedi____134____tocleanthemallup.Du,12yearsoldatthetime,tiredtosolvetheproblemlikeanygoodscientist-first,bydoingalittlerr____135____.Sheconductedsurveysandsearchedforinformation.That’showshelearnedthat8milliontonsofplasticsendupintheoceanseveryyear.Thenshegottoworkbuildingsomethingthatcouldhelpsolvetheproblem:aremote-operatedvehicle(遙控潛水器)—ROV,HerROVcanmovethroughwaterandfindplasticsontheoceanfloor.TheactuallycoolpartofDu’sROVisthedetection(探測)system.Sheusesac____136____alongwiththreedifferentkindsoflighttofindtheplasticsthroughpictures.Shealsousesvisible(可見的)lighttofindunnaturalcolorsthatmightmaketheplasticsstandout.“Shehasaverygoodengineeringsensetobreakdownaproblemlikethisandthengoafterit,”saysengineerCaseyMachado,“Itsoundss____137____,butit’salevelofthinkingthat’sreallydifficult.”Dostartedattendingpubliceventsandworkshopsatauniversitywhenshewasfiveyearsold,andsoshepickeduptheengineeringskillsnecessarytobuildherROV.ShesaysactuallygettingherROVtomovethroughwaterwellwasnoteasy.Shef____138____manytimes,butshenevergaveuptryingandtesting.Whenaskedaboutfutureplans,shesaidthatshewantedtoaddresstheeffectsofclimate(氣候)change.“Ithinktherearealotofproblemsthatcouldbesolvedwithnewi____139____.”saysDu.Duthanksherparents,whoforyearshavetakenhertostudentoutreachactivities,forsupportingherinterestinscience,technology,engineeringandmath(STEM).Shesaysshehasbeenabletomeetstudentsandscientiststhere.“IknowIwanttobeanengineerbecauseIlikebuildingthingstohelpsolveworldproblems,”saysDu.“ButI’mnotsurewhatkindofengineerIwanttobeyet.”L____140____,shehasplentyoftimetofigurethatoutatherage.【答案】134．(i)mpossible135．(r)esearch136．(c)amera137．(s)imple138．(f)ailed139．(i)deas##(i)nventions140．(L)uckily【解析】【分析】本文主要講AnnaDu十二歲時(shí)就制作了自己的遙控潛水器，她從小就對STEM感興趣，長大后想成為一名工程師，幫助解決世界問題。134．句意：要把它們?nèi)壳謇砀蓛羲坪跏遣豢赡艿?。根?jù)“andquicklyrealizedthereweremanymoretinypiecesthanshecoulddealwith”她很快意識(shí)到有太多的小碎片讓她無法處理，可知，此處指把它們清理干凈是不可能的。impossible“不可能的”，形容詞作表語。故填(i)mpossible。135．句意：當(dāng)時(shí)年僅12歲的杜，想要像任何一位優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家一樣，首先，做一個(gè)小調(diào)查。根據(jù)“Sheconductedsurveysandsearchedforinformation.”可知，她做了一個(gè)小調(diào)查，結(jié)合首字母聯(lián)想到research‘科研，調(diào)查’。由a可知，空處用單數(shù)。故填(r)esearch。136．句意：她使用一架相機(jī)和三種不同的光通過圖片找到塑料。根據(jù)“TheactuallycoolpartofDu’sROVisthedetection(探測)system.”和首字母可知，此處指利用攝像頭和三種不同的光源。camera“攝像機(jī)”，由a可知用單數(shù)。故填(c)amera。137．句意：這聽起來很簡，但這是一種真正困難的思考水平。but前后句意表示轉(zhuǎn)折，根據(jù)difficult可知，空處用其反義詞，結(jié)合首字母可知，此處用simple“簡單的”，作表語。故填(s)imple。138．句意：她失敗了很多次，但她從來沒有放棄嘗試和測試。根據(jù)“butshenevergaveuptryingandtesting.”及首字母可知，此處指失敗了很多次。fail表示“失敗”，描述的是過去的事情，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。故填(f)ailed。139．句意：我認(rèn)為有很多問題可以用新的想法/發(fā)明來解決。根據(jù)“couldbesolvedwithnew...”及首字母可知，解決問題可以用新的想法或新的發(fā)明。idea“注意”；invention“發(fā)明”，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。故填(i)deas/(i)nventions。140．句意：幸運(yùn)的是，以她的年齡，她有足夠的時(shí)間去思考。根據(jù)“shehasplentyoftimetofigurethatoutatherage.”及首字母可知，此處應(yīng)填luckily“幸運(yùn)的是”，副詞作狀語。故填(L)uckily。（九）（2021·上海寶山·二模）Whatislaughter?Laughterisnaturalforpeople.Westarttolaughataboutfourmonthsofage.Westarttolaughevenbeforewestarttospeak!Laughterissocial.Itconnectsuswithotherpeople.Welaughmorewhenwearewithotherpeople.Studiesfindthatweare30timesmorelikelytolaughwithothersthanwhenwearea___141___.Whenonepersonlaughs,otherpeoplebegintolaugh,too.Itisdifficulttopretend.Laughterish___142___.Trytolaughrightnow.It’sdifficult,isn’tit?Whenpeoplepretendtolaugh,mostpeopleknowit’snotreal.Studiesshowthatpeopledon’tlikethesoundoffake(虛假的)laughter.Whendopeoplelaugh?Only10to20percentoflaughterisaboutsomethingfunny.Mostlaughterisaboutbeingfriendlywithotherpeople.Mostlaughtersays“Idon’twanttocompetewithyou.Iliketobewithyou.”Thiskindoflaughterbringspeoplet___143___.Weoftenlaughwhenwefeeln___144___.Atthebeginningofthemeeting,someoneoftentellsajoke.It’susuallyasmalljoke,butwelaughalot.Ourlaughterhelpsusrelax.Whatisfunny?Somethingsarefunnybecausewedon’te___145___them.Whenajokebegins,wealreadyhaveanideaabouttheend.Wethinkweknowtheend,butthenthejokeendsinadifferentway.Theendofthejokesurprisesus.Itmakesuslaugh.Sillythingsaresometimesfunny.Welaughatjokesaboutpeopleandtheirm___146___becauseweknowsomethingtheydon’tknow.Wethinkwearebetterthantheyare.Noteveryonehasthesamesenseofhumor(幽默感).Somepeoplethinkajokeisfunny,butotherpeopledon’tthinkso.Peoplehavedifferentideaaboutwhatisfunny.Foryoungchildren,theworldisnew.Manythingssurprisethem,sotheylaughalot.Teenagersoftenworryaboutwhatothersthinkofthem.Theylaughtop___147___themselves.Teenagerslaughwhentheyfeelembarrassed.Adultslaughatthingsthatgivethemstress.Ourreasonsforlaughterchangeovertime.【答案】141．(a)lone142．(h)onest143．(t)ogether144．(n)ervous145．(e)xpect146．(m)istakes147．(p)rotect【解析】【分析】本文主要談?wù)撔υ谌藗兩钪械淖饔茫⒔獯鹑藗兒螘r(shí)會(huì)笑，為什么會(huì)笑。141．句意：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，