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新概念第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹
一、冠詞TheArticle
知識(shí)要點(diǎn):
冠詞是一種虛詞,放在名詞的前面,幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞(TheIndefiniteArticle)
和定冠詞(ThedefiniteArticle)兩種。a(an)是不定冠詞,a用在輔音之前:如abook,aman;an用在元
音之前,如:anoldman,anhoui;aninterestingbook等。the是定冠詞。
一、不定冠詞的用法
1、指人或事物的某一種類(泛指)。這是不定冠詞a(an)的基本用法。如:Sheisagirl.Iamateacher.Please
passmeanapple.
2、指某人或某物,但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物。如:Heborrowedastory-bookfromthelibrary.
AWangislookingforyou.一位姓王的同志正在找你。
3、表示數(shù)量,有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有。ne強(qiáng)烈。如:
1haveamouth,anoseandtwoeyes.
4、用于某些固定詞組中。如:abit,afew,alittle,alotof,apieceof,acupof,aglassof,apileof,apairof,
haveagoodtime,forawhile,foralongtime等。
5、用在抽象名詞前,表具體的介紹——a+抽象名詞,起具體化的作用。如:
Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.這女孩對(duì)她父母來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)樂(lè)趣。
Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.跟您交談?wù)媸且患淇斓氖虑椤?/p>
Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.參加這個(gè)會(huì),對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一種榮譽(yù)。
二、定冠詞的用法:
1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。這是定冠詞the的基本用法。如:
BeijingisthecapitalofChina.
Thepenonthedeskismine.
2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如:
Whereistheteacher?
Openthewindow,please.
3、指上文提過(guò)的人或事物(第二次出現(xiàn))。如:
Therewasachairbythewindow.Onthechairsatayoungwomanwithababyinherarms.
Thebabywasthin.
4、用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如:theearth,themoon,thesun.
5、用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。(副詞最高級(jí)前的定冠詞可省略)如:
Heisalwaysthefirsttocometoschool.
Bobisthetallestinhisclass.
6、用在某些專有名詞前(由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專用名詞)。如:theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,theScience
Museum,theChildren'sPalace,theParty等。
7、用在一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。如:ontheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening),thedayaftertomorrow,the
daybeforeyesterday,thenextyeai;bytheway等。
8^用在江河湖海、山脈前。如:theYellowRiver,thePacificOcean,theAlps,theHimalayas
9、用在報(bào)刊、雜志前。如:thePeople、Daily,theEveningPaper,theTimes泰晤士報(bào)。
10、表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如:
TheBrownsareathometoreceivevisitorstoday.布朗一家今天要接待客人。
11、用在形容詞前,表某一類人。如:thepooi;thewounded,theliving,thedead,therich,thesick
12、定冠詞可以表示一事物內(nèi)部的某處。如:
Thedriveralwayssitsinthefrontofthebus(car).
三、零冠詞(即不用冠詞):
1、專用名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。如:China,America,GradeOne,ClassrFwo,milk,oil,water,paper,science
等。
2、名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this,that,my,your,some,any等代詞。如:
Godownthisstreet.
3、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)。如:
Wearestudents.Ilikereadingstories.
4、節(jié)日、日期、月份、季節(jié)前。如:Thachers'Day,Children'sDay,NationalDay,insummer,inJuly等。
TodayisNewYear'sDay.ItisSunday.March8isWomen'sDay.
5、在稱呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜的名詞前,尤其作表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)時(shí)。如:
What'sthemattei;Granny?Weelectedhimmonitor.
6、在某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中的名詞前。如:atnoon,atnight,atfirst,atlast,atmost,atleast,bybus(train,air,sea),
inbed,intime,infrontof,gotoschool,gotobed,gotocollege,onfoot,attable,inink,inpencil等。
7、在三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)前。如:
Shegoestoschoolafterbreakfasteverymorning.
Wearegoingtoplayfootball.
Weusuallyhavelunchatschool.
8、科目前不加。如:
WelearnChinese,maths,Englishandsomeothersubjects.
【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】:
1、Wecan'tlivewithoutair
A.anD.some
2、Haveyouseenpen?Ileftitherethismorning.
------Isitblackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.
A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a
3、Pvebeenwaitingforhimforhourandhalf.
A.X;XB.the;aC.a;theD.an;a
4、Whatfineweathervvehavetoday!
A.aB.XC.someD.an
5、Haveyoueverseenastallasthisone?
A.atreeB.suchtreeC.antreeD.tree
6、Childrenusuallygotoschoolatageofsix.
A.X;theB.a;anC.the;XD.the;the
7、Himalayasishighestmountaininworld.
A.X;the;XB.The;the;theC.A;a;aD.X;X;X
8、Theyeachhavebook.LiHua'sisabout_writerWangLin'sisonscience.
A.a;a;XB.the;X;theC.X;the;XD.a;the;a
9^Physicsisscienceofmatterandenergy.
A.The;XB.X;XC.X;theD.A;a
10%sunrisesineastandsetsinwest.
A.A;an;aB.The;X;XC.The;the;theD.A;the;a
11、Manypeopleagreethat_knowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.
A.a;XB.the;anC.the;theD.X;the
12、MrJonescalledwhileyouwereout(neitherofusknowsthisman).Hewasin___bad
temper.A.X;aB.A;XC.The;theD.A;a
13、Theywereat_____dinnerthen.Itwas________delicousone.
A.a;theB.X;XC.X;aD.a;a
14、whatkindof____cardoyouwanttobuy?
A.XB.theC.aD.an
15、Aliceisfondofplaying.pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto_music.
A.X;theB.X;XC.the;XD.the;the
16、Beyond__________stars,theastronautsawnothingbut____space.
A.the;XB?X;theC.X;XD.the;the
17、AlexanderGrahamBellinventedtelephonein1876.
A.XB.aC.theD.one
18、——Where'sJack?
------1thinkhe'sstillinbed,buthemightjustbeinbathroom.
A.X;XB.the;theC.the;XD.X;the
19、Manypeoplearestillin___habitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.
A.the;theB.X;XC.the;XD.X;the
20N------I'dlikeinformationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.
------Well,youcouldhavewordwiththemanagenHemightbehelpful.
A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a
二、名詞Nouns
知識(shí)要點(diǎn):
一、名詞的種類:
1、專有名詞:
1)China,Japan,Beijing,London,Tom,Jack(不力口冠詞)
2)theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,thePeople'sRepublicofChina,theUnitedStates等。(由普通名詞構(gòu)成
的專有名詞,要加定冠詞。)
2、普通名詞
(物質(zhì)名詞:water,rice,oil,paper
1)不可數(shù)名詞《、—
抽象名詞:health,trouble,work,pleasure,honor???
注意:①不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞,尤不加不定冠詞:若加a(an)則使之具體化了。
如:haveawonderfultime.
②不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
③不可數(shù)名詞一般無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。部分物質(zhì)名詞在表不同類別時(shí),可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
如:fishes,newspapers,waters,snows.........
III
各種各樣的魚各種報(bào)紙河湖、海水積雪
④有些抽象名詞也常用復(fù)數(shù),變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如:times時(shí)代,works著作,difficulties困難
⑤在表數(shù)量時(shí),常用"of”詞組來(lái)表示。如:aglassofmilk,acupoftea,twopiecesofpaper**'.
2)可數(shù)名詞:
①可數(shù)名詞除用復(fù)數(shù)形式表一類之外,一般都要加冠詞:Abirdcaufly.
Thefrogisakindofhibernatinganimal.
Vegetablessoldatthisshopareusuallyfresh.
②有復(fù)數(shù)形式:
a)規(guī)則變化——加“s”或“es”(與初中同,略)
b)不規(guī)則變化---child(children),foot(feet),tooth(teeth),man(men),
woman(women),mouse(mice),goose(geese),Englishman(Englishmen),
phenomenon(phenomena)***
注意:c)單、復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep,deei;Chinese,Japanese,fish(同一種魚)...。如,asheep,twosheep
d)只用復(fù)數(shù)形式:thanks,trousers,goods,clothes,socks,shoes,
e)形復(fù)實(shí)單:physics,politics,maths,news,plastics(塑料),means.
f)形單實(shí)復(fù):people(人民,人們),thepolice,cattle等
g)集合名詞如:family,public,group,class等。當(dāng)作為整體時(shí),為單數(shù);當(dāng)作為整體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí),為
復(fù)數(shù)。如:Myfamilyisabigone.Myfamilyaremusiclovers.
h)復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),(a)只把復(fù)合名詞中的主體各詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:sister(s)?in?law嫂子,弟妹;step?son
(s)繼子;editor⑸?in?chief總編輯。
(b)如沒(méi)有主體名詞則在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加“s"。如:grown-up(s)成年人,go-between(s)中間人
(c)woman,man作定語(yǔ)時(shí),要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如:amanservant—menservants,awoman
doctor-womendoctors
二、名詞的所有格:
1、表有生命的東西(人或動(dòng)物)的名詞所有格,一般在名詞后加如:Mike9sbag,Children^Day,my
brother'sroom,women'srights***
注意:1)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞尾是或?es,它的所有格只在詞后加“s"。如:Teachers5Day,theworkers9
rest-home(工人療養(yǎng)院),thestudents5reading-room
2)復(fù)合名詞的所有格,在后面的詞后加“方"。如herson?in?law、photo(她女婿的照片);anybodyelse5s
book(其他任何人的書)
3)如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人或兩人以上共有,則在最后的一個(gè)名詞后面加“飛”;如果不是共有,
則每個(gè)詞后都要加“飛"。如JaneandHelen'sroom.珍妮和海倫的房間(共有).BilPsandTonTsradios.
比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的收音機(jī)(不共有)
4)表地點(diǎn)(店鋪,某人的家等)的名詞所有格后面,一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如:thetailors(裁縫鋪)
thedoctor為(診所)MrBrown's(布朗先生的家)
5)有些表時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)的無(wú)生命的名詞,也可加“飛”表所有格。
如:halfanhour、walk(半小時(shí)的路程)China'sagriculture(中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè))
2、表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組,表示所有格。:thecoverofthebook
3、表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of,特別是名詞較長(zhǎng),有較多的定語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
thestoryofDrNormanBethune
Doyouknowthenameoftheboystandingatthegate?
4、“of詞組+所有格”的用法:
在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞(如:a,two,some,afew,this,that,these,those
等)時(shí),常用“of詞組+所有格”的形式來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。如:
afriendofmyfather、我父親的一位朋友。
someinventionsofEdison,s愛迪生的一些發(fā)明
thoseexercise-booksofthestudents9學(xué)生們的那些練習(xí)本。
【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】:
l^Thereareonlytwelveinthehospital.
A.womandoctorsB.womendoctors
C.womendoctorD.womandoctor
2、MrSmithhastwo,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.
A.brothers-in-lawB.brother-in-laws
C.brothers-in-lawsD.brothers-inlaw
3、---Howmany____________doesacowhave?
------Four
A.stomachesB.stomachC.stomachsD.stoinachies
4、Some________visitedourschoollastWednesday.
A.GermanB.GermenC.GermansD.Germens
5、The__________ofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof_____?
A.roofs;leavesB.moves;leafsC.roof;leafD.roofs;leafs
6、Whenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree________missing.
A.sheepsB.sheepesC.sheepD.sheepies
7、Thatwasafifty____________engine.
A.horsepowerB.horsespower
C.horsepowersD.horsespowers
8、Myfatheroftengivesme____________.
A.manyadviceB.muchadviceC.alotofadvicesD.afewadvice
9^Marybrokea_____________whileshewaswashingup.
A-teacupB.acupofteaC.tea'scupD.cuptea
10、Canyougiveussome______________aboutthewriter?
A.informationsB.information
C?pieceofinformationsD.piecesinformation
11>Ihadacupof________andtwopiecesof_________thismorning.
A.teas;breadB.teas;breads
C.tea;breadsD.tea;bread
12、Asisknowntousall,_________travelsmuchfasterthan__
A.lights;soundsB.light;sound
C.sound;lightD.sounds;lights
13、Shetoldhimofallher_________and____________.
A.hope;fearB.hopes;fear
C.hopes;fearsD.hope;fears
14、Therising___________didalotof___________tothecrops.
A.water;harmB.water;harms
C.waters;harmD.waters;harms
15、Howfarawayisitfromheretoyourschool?
------Ifsabout____________?
A.halfanhour'sdriveB.halfhoursdrives
C.halfanhourdrivesD.halfanhourdrive
16、Theshirtisn'tmine.Ifs___________.
A.MrsSmithB.Mrs'Smith
C.MrsSmiths9D.MrsSmith's
17、MissJohnsonisafriendof_________.
A.Mary'smotherB.Mary'smothers'
C.Marymother'sD.Mary'smother's
18、LastweekIcalledatmy___________.
A.auntB.auntsC.aunfsD.auntes5
19、Thebeachisathrow.
A.stoneB.stonesC.stones'D.stone's
20、IcanhardlyimaginesailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.
A.Peter'B.PeterC.PetersD.Peters'
三、主謂一致Agreement
知識(shí)要點(diǎn):
在英語(yǔ)的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定,則要看句子的意思。多
數(shù)情況下,根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)形式就能判定,但有的則要看整句的意思,及強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、
易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。
1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:
1)Thebookisonthetable.
2)HeisreadingEnglish.
3)1bworkhardisnecessary.(Itisnecessarytoworkhard.)
4)Howyougetthereisaproblem.
2、復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如:Childrenliketoplaytoys.
3、在倒裝句中,動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致。如以here,there開頭,be動(dòng)詞與后面第一個(gè)名詞
一致。如:
1)Thereisadognearthedoor.
2)Therewerenoschoolsinthisareabeforeliberation.
3)Herecomesthebus.
4)Onthewallweretwofamouspaintings.
5)HereisMrBrownandhischildren.
4^and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如果主語(yǔ)后跟有with,togetherwith,except,
but,perhaps,like,including,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,ratherthan等引起的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與
短語(yǔ)前的主語(yǔ)的形式保持一致。如:
1)Jane,MaryandIaregoodfriends.
2)Heandmyfatherworkinthesamefactory.
3)Hissistei;nolessthanyou,iswrong.
4)Thefathei;ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsiblefortheaccident.
5)He,likeyouandXiaoLiuisverydiligent.
6)Everypictureexceptthesetwohasbeensold.
7)AlicewithherparentsoftengoestotheparkonSundays.
8)Aliceaswellasherfriendswasinvitedtotheconcert.
9)NobodybutMaryandIwasintheclassroomatthattime.
5、并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。
如:
1)Thewriterandworkeriscomingtoourschooltomorrow.這位工人作家明天要來(lái)我們學(xué)校。
2)Breadandbutteristheirdailyfood.面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。
3)Thewriterandtheworkerarecomingtoourschooltomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天將來(lái)我們學(xué)校。
6、and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前如有each,every,no,manya修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:
1)Everyboyandgirlhasbeeninvitedtotheparty,所有的孩子都被邀請(qǐng)參加這次聚會(huì)。
2)Noteacherandnostudentisabsenttoday.今天沒(méi)有老師和學(xué)生缺席。
3)Manyastudentisbusywiththeirlessons.許許多多的學(xué)生都忙著復(fù)習(xí)他們的功課。
7、each,either,one,anothei;theothei;neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
1)Eachtakesacupoftea.
2)Eitheriscorrect.
3)Neitherofthemlikesthispicture.
8、由every,some,any,no構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
1)Iseveryonehere?
2)Nothingistobedone.沒(méi)有什么要干的事兒了。
9、關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如:
1)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
2)Anyonewhoisagainstthisopinionmayspeakout.
3)Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedatthemeeting.
10、表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
如:
1)Threeyearsisnotalongtime.
2)Tendollarsiswhatheneeds.3)Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.
11、復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體看待(如人名、地點(diǎn)、國(guó)家、組織、書籍、報(bào)刊等),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
如:
1)TheUnitedStatesisinNorthAmerica.
2)TheUnitedNationshaspassedaresolution(決議)。
3)“TheArabianNights"(《天方夜譚》)isaninterestingbook.
12>有些集體名詞如family,team,group,class,audience(聽眾,觀眾),government等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如看作
是一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式;如強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
1)Myfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney.我家要進(jìn)行一次長(zhǎng)途旅行。
2)Myfamilyarefondofmusic.我家人都喜歡音樂(lè)。
3)Theclasshaswonthehonour.這班獲得了榮譽(yù)。
4)Theclasswerejumpingforjoy.全班同學(xué)都高興得跳了起來(lái)。
13、all,more,most,some,any,none,half,therest等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,也可表示單數(shù)意義,
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如:
1)Alloftheappleisrotten.整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。
2)Alloftheapplesarerotten.所有的蘋果都爛了。
3)Mostofthewoodwasusedtomakefurniture(家具)。
14、the+形容詞(或分詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常指一類人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如指的是抽象概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)
詞則用單數(shù)形式。如:
1)Theyoungareusuallyveryactive.年輕人通常是很活躍的。
2)Thewoundedarebeingtakengoodcareofherenow.現(xiàn)在傷病員們?cè)谶@里受到了很好照顧。
15、or,either???or???,neither…nor…,whether***01;notonly…but(also)連接的是主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后一個(gè)
主語(yǔ)一致。如:
1)EitheryouorIamgoingtothemovies.
2)Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.
16、不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
1)Waterisakindofmatter
2)Thenewsatsixo?clockistrue.
17、集合名詞如:people,police,cattle等作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
1)Thepolicearesearchingforhim.
2)Thecattlearegrassing(吃草)。
18、population當(dāng)人口講時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)人們講時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
1)ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.
2)Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.
19>thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),是表示“…的數(shù)字”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;a(large/great)
numberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),表示許多,作主語(yǔ)時(shí);謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
1)Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisincreasingyearafteryear.
2)Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.
20、means,politics,physics,plastics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】
1、Nothingbutcars___________intheshop.
A.issoldB.aresoldC.weresoldD.aregoingtosell
2、NooneexceptJackandTom_____theanswer
A.knowB?knowsC.isknowingD.areknown
3、Seventypercentofthestudentsinourschool___________fromthecountryside
A.isB?areC.comesD.arecoining
4、_____________ofthemoney_________usedup.
A.Three-five,areB.Three-fifths,havebeen
C.Three-fifths,hasbeenD.Third-fifths,is
5、Thenumberofthepeoplewho___________cars________increasing.
A.owns,areB.owns,isC.own,isD.own,are
6、OneofMarx'sworks___________writteninEnglishinthe1860s.
A.wasB.wereC.wouldbeD.are
7、Thesheetsforyourbed_________washing.
A.needsB.areneedingC.wantD.arewanting
8^Oneachsideofthestreet____________alotoftrees.
A.standsB.growC.isstandingD.aregrown
9、Somepersoncallingforvouatthesate.
A.areB.isC.isbeingD.willbe
10、Allthatcanbeeaten___________eatenup.
A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen
11、Ibm'steacherandfriend__________MnSmith.
A.areB.isC.arebeingD.has
12、Yournewclothesfitvou,butmineme.
A.doesn'tfitB.don9tfitC.doesn9tfitforD.don9tfitfor
13、NeitherhenorIfortheplan.
A.amB.areC.isD.were
14、Manyastudent___________thatmistakebefore.
A.hasmadeB.havemadeC.hasbeenmadeD.hadmade
15、Peter,perhapsJohn,playingwiththelittledog.
A.isB.areC.wereD.seems
16、Layingeggs_________theantqueen'sfull-timejob.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
17、Betweenthetwobuildings______________amonument.
A.standB.standsC.standingD.isstanding
18、I,who__________yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrow.
A.amB.isC.areD.was
19、TheUnitedNations____________in1945.
A.werefoundB.werefoundedC.wasfoundedD.wasfound
20、werealsoinvitedtotheparty.
A.MrSmithB.TheSmithC.TheSmithsD.Smiths
21、Theglassworksin1959.
A.weresetupB.wassetupC.wereputupD.werebuilt
22、Threehourswithyourgirlfriendtobeashorttime.
A.seemB.seemsC.isseemingD.hasseemed
23、Itwasreportedthatsixincludingaboy.
A.waskilledB.werekilledC.waskillingD.hadkilled
24、Thepoliceaprisoner
A.issearchingforB.aresearchingforC.issearchingD.aresearchedfor
25、Deerfasterthandogs.
A.runB.runsC.arerunningD.willrun
26、Thewoundedgoodcareofherenow.
A.istakenB.arebeingtakenC.aretakingD.istaking
27>Thewholeclassgreatlymovedathiswords.
A.wasB.wereC.hadD.is
28、Over80percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.
A.wasB.isC.areD.willbe
29>Thereaknifeandforkonthetable.
A.seemstobeB.seemtobeC.isseemingtobeD.are
30、Thosewhosingingmayjoinus.
A.arelikingB.likesC.enjoyD.isfondof
31、Hisfamilymusiclovers.
A.allareB.areallC.isD.arebeing
32、Aprofessorandawriterpresentatthemeeting.
A.wasB.isC.wereD.hadbeen
33、Thepairofshoeswornout.
A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen
34、ThestudentsinourschooleachanEnglishdictionary.
A.haveB.hasC.hadD.arehaving
35、Morethanoneanswertothequestion.
A.havebeengivenB.hasbeengivenC.weregivenD.hadgiven
36、Theboysittingbythewindowistheonlyoneofthestudentswhofromthecountrysideinour
school.A.areB.isC.wereD.was
37、Ourfamilyahappyone.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
38、Mostofthemistakesbecauseofcarelessness.
A.weremadeB.aremadeC.hasbeenmadeD.weremaking
39、Mostofhistimeinreadingnovels.
A.arespentB.isspentC.werespentD.wasspending
40、Therestofthenovelveryinteresting.
A.wereB?areseem
41、Iknowthatallgettingonwellwithhen
A.wasC.areD.were
Whenandwherethistookplace.stillunknown.
A.areB.wereCD.has
43、Notonlytheworkersbutalsothemachine____________notthere.
A.areB.wereC.isD.has
44^Veryfew________hisaddressinthetown.
A.knowsB.knowC.areknowingD.hasknown
45、Tenthousanddollars__________alargesumofmoney.
A.areB.isC.wereD.seem
46、Twentymiles________alongwaytocoven
A.wereB.are_________C.isD.seemtobe
47>Nineplusthree__________twelve.
A.makesB.makeC.ismakingD.aremaking
48、Therearetworoadsandeithertothestation.
A.leadsB.leadC.areleadingD.isleading
49、Myfather,togetherwithsomeofhisoldfriends,therealready.
A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.willbe
50、MyfamilyaswellasIgladtoseeyou.
A.amB.areC.isD.was
四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣分三種情況來(lái)掌握:
1、虛擬條件句。
2、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用語(yǔ)。
一、虛擬條件句:
條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況,在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
1、條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致,其句型為:
If主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)+should(could,would,或might)+動(dòng)詞原形,如:
IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.
Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.
2、條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致,句型為:
If主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞,主語(yǔ)+shoukl(could,would,或might)+have+過(guò)去分詞,如:
Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.
IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.
3、條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致,句型為:
If主語(yǔ)+should
>+do,主語(yǔ)+should(could--)+原形do
wereto
過(guò)去時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)條件句一樣)。
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.
IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.
Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.
注意問(wèn)題:
1、If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)"would”。
2、根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況,即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況,條件句也許是
發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況,但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were,had,should可省去if,將主語(yǔ)與這些詞倒裝,例如:
Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.
WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.
Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.
二、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣:
在表示命令、建議要求、驚嘆時(shí)的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,基本句型:主語(yǔ)+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形,
如:MotherinsistedthatJohngotobedat9o'clock.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldnotbeheld.
Itwasrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.(主語(yǔ)從句)
Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesbeincreased.(表語(yǔ)從句)
注意:在這種句子中絕不出現(xiàn)“would”“must”“could”等。
三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句:
1、wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句:
與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí);IwishIwereyou.
與過(guò)去愿望不一致主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞;IwishIhadvisitedthewhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates.
與未來(lái)愿望不一致主語(yǔ)+would(could)+原形。IwishIcouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.
2、irstime句型:當(dāng)It、time后用that從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為:主語(yǔ)+should+原形或主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí),例如:
It'stimethatyouwenttoschool.或It'stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.
3、Ifonly引起的感嘆句相當(dāng)于“Howlwish+賓語(yǔ)從句”
Ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能來(lái)就好了。
IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了。
4^wouldrather,asif(though)引導(dǎo)的句子也需使用虛擬,表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示現(xiàn)在與將
來(lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí),如:
rdratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.
rdratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.
Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.
AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.
5、without,but,butfoi;otherwise引起的短語(yǔ)或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。
Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.
Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn'thavedonetheworksowell.=Ifitwerenotforyourcooperation,we
wewouldn'thavedonetheworksowell.
注:without/butfor...=ffitweren'tnotfor.../Ifithadn'tbeenforsb.....
Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.
Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI'ambusynow.
Iambusynow;otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!
【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】
1、Itisimportantthatacollegestudentaforeignlanguage.
A.willmasterB.masterC.mastersD.wouldmaster
2、Itisstrangethatshewithoutsayingaword.
A.shouldhavegoneoutB.went
C.shouldgooutD.goesout
3、IfmylawyerherelastSaturday,hemefromgoing.
A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldprevent
C.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevent
4、----“Heisabraveman.”
------"Yes,IwishIhiscourage.”
A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.mayhave
5、Ifitrain,thecropswouldbesaved.
A.shouldB.will
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