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新概念第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法精粹

一、冠詞TheArticle

知識(shí)要點(diǎn):

冠詞是一種虛詞,放在名詞的前面,幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞(TheIndefiniteArticle)

和定冠詞(ThedefiniteArticle)兩種。a(an)是不定冠詞,a用在輔音之前:如abook,aman;an用在元

音之前,如:anoldman,anhoui;aninterestingbook等。the是定冠詞。

一、不定冠詞的用法

1、指人或事物的某一種類(泛指)。這是不定冠詞a(an)的基本用法。如:Sheisagirl.Iamateacher.Please

passmeanapple.

2、指某人或某物,但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物。如:Heborrowedastory-bookfromthelibrary.

AWangislookingforyou.一位姓王的同志正在找你。

3、表示數(shù)量,有“一”的意思,但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有。ne強(qiáng)烈。如:

1haveamouth,anoseandtwoeyes.

4、用于某些固定詞組中。如:abit,afew,alittle,alotof,apieceof,acupof,aglassof,apileof,apairof,

haveagoodtime,forawhile,foralongtime等。

5、用在抽象名詞前,表具體的介紹——a+抽象名詞,起具體化的作用。如:

Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.這女孩對(duì)她父母來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)樂(lè)趣。

Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.跟您交談?wù)媸且患淇斓氖虑椤?/p>

Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.參加這個(gè)會(huì),對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一種榮譽(yù)。

二、定冠詞的用法:

1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。這是定冠詞the的基本用法。如:

BeijingisthecapitalofChina.

Thepenonthedeskismine.

2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如:

Whereistheteacher?

Openthewindow,please.

3、指上文提過(guò)的人或事物(第二次出現(xiàn))。如:

Therewasachairbythewindow.Onthechairsatayoungwomanwithababyinherarms.

Thebabywasthin.

4、用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如:theearth,themoon,thesun.

5、用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。(副詞最高級(jí)前的定冠詞可省略)如:

Heisalwaysthefirsttocometoschool.

Bobisthetallestinhisclass.

6、用在某些專有名詞前(由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專用名詞)。如:theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,theScience

Museum,theChildren'sPalace,theParty等。

7、用在一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。如:ontheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening),thedayaftertomorrow,the

daybeforeyesterday,thenextyeai;bytheway等。

8^用在江河湖海、山脈前。如:theYellowRiver,thePacificOcean,theAlps,theHimalayas

9、用在報(bào)刊、雜志前。如:thePeople、Daily,theEveningPaper,theTimes泰晤士報(bào)。

10、表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如:

TheBrownsareathometoreceivevisitorstoday.布朗一家今天要接待客人。

11、用在形容詞前,表某一類人。如:thepooi;thewounded,theliving,thedead,therich,thesick

12、定冠詞可以表示一事物內(nèi)部的某處。如:

Thedriveralwayssitsinthefrontofthebus(car).

三、零冠詞(即不用冠詞):

1、專用名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。如:China,America,GradeOne,ClassrFwo,milk,oil,water,paper,science

等。

2、名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this,that,my,your,some,any等代詞。如:

Godownthisstreet.

3、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)。如:

Wearestudents.Ilikereadingstories.

4、節(jié)日、日期、月份、季節(jié)前。如:Thachers'Day,Children'sDay,NationalDay,insummer,inJuly等。

TodayisNewYear'sDay.ItisSunday.March8isWomen'sDay.

5、在稱呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜的名詞前,尤其作表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)時(shí)。如:

What'sthemattei;Granny?Weelectedhimmonitor.

6、在某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中的名詞前。如:atnoon,atnight,atfirst,atlast,atmost,atleast,bybus(train,air,sea),

inbed,intime,infrontof,gotoschool,gotobed,gotocollege,onfoot,attable,inink,inpencil等。

7、在三餐飯和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)前。如:

Shegoestoschoolafterbreakfasteverymorning.

Wearegoingtoplayfootball.

Weusuallyhavelunchatschool.

8、科目前不加。如:

WelearnChinese,maths,Englishandsomeothersubjects.

【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】:

1、Wecan'tlivewithoutair

A.anD.some

2、Haveyouseenpen?Ileftitherethismorning.

------Isitblackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.

A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a

3、Pvebeenwaitingforhimforhourandhalf.

A.X;XB.the;aC.a;theD.an;a

4、Whatfineweathervvehavetoday!

A.aB.XC.someD.an

5、Haveyoueverseenastallasthisone?

A.atreeB.suchtreeC.antreeD.tree

6、Childrenusuallygotoschoolatageofsix.

A.X;theB.a;anC.the;XD.the;the

7、Himalayasishighestmountaininworld.

A.X;the;XB.The;the;theC.A;a;aD.X;X;X

8、Theyeachhavebook.LiHua'sisabout_writerWangLin'sisonscience.

A.a;a;XB.the;X;theC.X;the;XD.a;the;a

9^Physicsisscienceofmatterandenergy.

A.The;XB.X;XC.X;theD.A;a

10%sunrisesineastandsetsinwest.

A.A;an;aB.The;X;XC.The;the;theD.A;the;a

11、Manypeopleagreethat_knowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.

A.a;XB.the;anC.the;theD.X;the

12、MrJonescalledwhileyouwereout(neitherofusknowsthisman).Hewasin___bad

temper.A.X;aB.A;XC.The;theD.A;a

13、Theywereat_____dinnerthen.Itwas________delicousone.

A.a;theB.X;XC.X;aD.a;a

14、whatkindof____cardoyouwanttobuy?

A.XB.theC.aD.an

15、Aliceisfondofplaying.pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto_music.

A.X;theB.X;XC.the;XD.the;the

16、Beyond__________stars,theastronautsawnothingbut____space.

A.the;XB?X;theC.X;XD.the;the

17、AlexanderGrahamBellinventedtelephonein1876.

A.XB.aC.theD.one

18、——Where'sJack?

------1thinkhe'sstillinbed,buthemightjustbeinbathroom.

A.X;XB.the;theC.the;XD.X;the

19、Manypeoplearestillin___habitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.

A.the;theB.X;XC.the;XD.X;the

20N------I'dlikeinformationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.

------Well,youcouldhavewordwiththemanagenHemightbehelpful.

A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a

二、名詞Nouns

知識(shí)要點(diǎn):

一、名詞的種類:

1、專有名詞:

1)China,Japan,Beijing,London,Tom,Jack(不力口冠詞)

2)theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,thePeople'sRepublicofChina,theUnitedStates等。(由普通名詞構(gòu)成

的專有名詞,要加定冠詞。)

2、普通名詞

(物質(zhì)名詞:water,rice,oil,paper

1)不可數(shù)名詞《、—

抽象名詞:health,trouble,work,pleasure,honor???

注意:①不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞,尤不加不定冠詞:若加a(an)則使之具體化了。

如:haveawonderfultime.

②不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

③不可數(shù)名詞一般無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。部分物質(zhì)名詞在表不同類別時(shí),可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如:fishes,newspapers,waters,snows.........

III

各種各樣的魚各種報(bào)紙河湖、海水積雪

④有些抽象名詞也常用復(fù)數(shù),變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如:times時(shí)代,works著作,difficulties困難

⑤在表數(shù)量時(shí),常用"of”詞組來(lái)表示。如:aglassofmilk,acupoftea,twopiecesofpaper**'.

2)可數(shù)名詞:

①可數(shù)名詞除用復(fù)數(shù)形式表一類之外,一般都要加冠詞:Abirdcaufly.

Thefrogisakindofhibernatinganimal.

Vegetablessoldatthisshopareusuallyfresh.

②有復(fù)數(shù)形式:

a)規(guī)則變化——加“s”或“es”(與初中同,略)

b)不規(guī)則變化---child(children),foot(feet),tooth(teeth),man(men),

woman(women),mouse(mice),goose(geese),Englishman(Englishmen),

phenomenon(phenomena)***

注意:c)單、復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep,deei;Chinese,Japanese,fish(同一種魚)...。如,asheep,twosheep

d)只用復(fù)數(shù)形式:thanks,trousers,goods,clothes,socks,shoes,

e)形復(fù)實(shí)單:physics,politics,maths,news,plastics(塑料),means.

f)形單實(shí)復(fù):people(人民,人們),thepolice,cattle等

g)集合名詞如:family,public,group,class等。當(dāng)作為整體時(shí),為單數(shù);當(dāng)作為整體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí),為

復(fù)數(shù)。如:Myfamilyisabigone.Myfamilyaremusiclovers.

h)復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),(a)只把復(fù)合名詞中的主體各詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:sister(s)?in?law嫂子,弟妹;step?son

(s)繼子;editor⑸?in?chief總編輯。

(b)如沒(méi)有主體名詞則在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加“s"。如:grown-up(s)成年人,go-between(s)中間人

(c)woman,man作定語(yǔ)時(shí),要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如:amanservant—menservants,awoman

doctor-womendoctors

二、名詞的所有格:

1、表有生命的東西(人或動(dòng)物)的名詞所有格,一般在名詞后加如:Mike9sbag,Children^Day,my

brother'sroom,women'srights***

注意:1)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞尾是或?es,它的所有格只在詞后加“s"。如:Teachers5Day,theworkers9

rest-home(工人療養(yǎng)院),thestudents5reading-room

2)復(fù)合名詞的所有格,在后面的詞后加“方"。如herson?in?law、photo(她女婿的照片);anybodyelse5s

book(其他任何人的書)

3)如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人或兩人以上共有,則在最后的一個(gè)名詞后面加“飛”;如果不是共有,

則每個(gè)詞后都要加“飛"。如JaneandHelen'sroom.珍妮和海倫的房間(共有).BilPsandTonTsradios.

比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的收音機(jī)(不共有)

4)表地點(diǎn)(店鋪,某人的家等)的名詞所有格后面,一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如:thetailors(裁縫鋪)

thedoctor為(診所)MrBrown's(布朗先生的家)

5)有些表時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)的無(wú)生命的名詞,也可加“飛”表所有格。

如:halfanhour、walk(半小時(shí)的路程)China'sagriculture(中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè))

2、表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組,表示所有格。:thecoverofthebook

3、表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of,特別是名詞較長(zhǎng),有較多的定語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:

thestoryofDrNormanBethune

Doyouknowthenameoftheboystandingatthegate?

4、“of詞組+所有格”的用法:

在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞(如:a,two,some,afew,this,that,these,those

等)時(shí),常用“of詞組+所有格”的形式來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。如:

afriendofmyfather、我父親的一位朋友。

someinventionsofEdison,s愛迪生的一些發(fā)明

thoseexercise-booksofthestudents9學(xué)生們的那些練習(xí)本。

【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】:

l^Thereareonlytwelveinthehospital.

A.womandoctorsB.womendoctors

C.womendoctorD.womandoctor

2、MrSmithhastwo,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.

A.brothers-in-lawB.brother-in-laws

C.brothers-in-lawsD.brothers-inlaw

3、---Howmany____________doesacowhave?

------Four

A.stomachesB.stomachC.stomachsD.stoinachies

4、Some________visitedourschoollastWednesday.

A.GermanB.GermenC.GermansD.Germens

5、The__________ofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof_____?

A.roofs;leavesB.moves;leafsC.roof;leafD.roofs;leafs

6、Whenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree________missing.

A.sheepsB.sheepesC.sheepD.sheepies

7、Thatwasafifty____________engine.

A.horsepowerB.horsespower

C.horsepowersD.horsespowers

8、Myfatheroftengivesme____________.

A.manyadviceB.muchadviceC.alotofadvicesD.afewadvice

9^Marybrokea_____________whileshewaswashingup.

A-teacupB.acupofteaC.tea'scupD.cuptea

10、Canyougiveussome______________aboutthewriter?

A.informationsB.information

C?pieceofinformationsD.piecesinformation

11>Ihadacupof________andtwopiecesof_________thismorning.

A.teas;breadB.teas;breads

C.tea;breadsD.tea;bread

12、Asisknowntousall,_________travelsmuchfasterthan__

A.lights;soundsB.light;sound

C.sound;lightD.sounds;lights

13、Shetoldhimofallher_________and____________.

A.hope;fearB.hopes;fear

C.hopes;fearsD.hope;fears

14、Therising___________didalotof___________tothecrops.

A.water;harmB.water;harms

C.waters;harmD.waters;harms

15、Howfarawayisitfromheretoyourschool?

------Ifsabout____________?

A.halfanhour'sdriveB.halfhoursdrives

C.halfanhourdrivesD.halfanhourdrive

16、Theshirtisn'tmine.Ifs___________.

A.MrsSmithB.Mrs'Smith

C.MrsSmiths9D.MrsSmith's

17、MissJohnsonisafriendof_________.

A.Mary'smotherB.Mary'smothers'

C.Marymother'sD.Mary'smother's

18、LastweekIcalledatmy___________.

A.auntB.auntsC.aunfsD.auntes5

19、Thebeachisathrow.

A.stoneB.stonesC.stones'D.stone's

20、IcanhardlyimaginesailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.

A.Peter'B.PeterC.PetersD.Peters'

三、主謂一致Agreement

知識(shí)要點(diǎn):

在英語(yǔ)的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定,則要看句子的意思。多

數(shù)情況下,根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)形式就能判定,但有的則要看整句的意思,及強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、

易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。

1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:

1)Thebookisonthetable.

2)HeisreadingEnglish.

3)1bworkhardisnecessary.(Itisnecessarytoworkhard.)

4)Howyougetthereisaproblem.

2、復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如:Childrenliketoplaytoys.

3、在倒裝句中,動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致。如以here,there開頭,be動(dòng)詞與后面第一個(gè)名詞

一致。如:

1)Thereisadognearthedoor.

2)Therewerenoschoolsinthisareabeforeliberation.

3)Herecomesthebus.

4)Onthewallweretwofamouspaintings.

5)HereisMrBrownandhischildren.

4^and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如果主語(yǔ)后跟有with,togetherwith,except,

but,perhaps,like,including,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,ratherthan等引起的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與

短語(yǔ)前的主語(yǔ)的形式保持一致。如:

1)Jane,MaryandIaregoodfriends.

2)Heandmyfatherworkinthesamefactory.

3)Hissistei;nolessthanyou,iswrong.

4)Thefathei;ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsiblefortheaccident.

5)He,likeyouandXiaoLiuisverydiligent.

6)Everypictureexceptthesetwohasbeensold.

7)AlicewithherparentsoftengoestotheparkonSundays.

8)Aliceaswellasherfriendswasinvitedtotheconcert.

9)NobodybutMaryandIwasintheclassroomatthattime.

5、并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。

如:

1)Thewriterandworkeriscomingtoourschooltomorrow.這位工人作家明天要來(lái)我們學(xué)校。

2)Breadandbutteristheirdailyfood.面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。

3)Thewriterandtheworkerarecomingtoourschooltomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天將來(lái)我們學(xué)校。

6、and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前如有each,every,no,manya修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:

1)Everyboyandgirlhasbeeninvitedtotheparty,所有的孩子都被邀請(qǐng)參加這次聚會(huì)。

2)Noteacherandnostudentisabsenttoday.今天沒(méi)有老師和學(xué)生缺席。

3)Manyastudentisbusywiththeirlessons.許許多多的學(xué)生都忙著復(fù)習(xí)他們的功課。

7、each,either,one,anothei;theothei;neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:

1)Eachtakesacupoftea.

2)Eitheriscorrect.

3)Neitherofthemlikesthispicture.

8、由every,some,any,no構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:

1)Iseveryonehere?

2)Nothingistobedone.沒(méi)有什么要干的事兒了。

9、關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如:

1)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.

2)Anyonewhoisagainstthisopinionmayspeakout.

3)Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedatthemeeting.

10、表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。

如:

1)Threeyearsisnotalongtime.

2)Tendollarsiswhatheneeds.3)Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.

11、復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體看待(如人名、地點(diǎn)、國(guó)家、組織、書籍、報(bào)刊等),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

如:

1)TheUnitedStatesisinNorthAmerica.

2)TheUnitedNationshaspassedaresolution(決議)。

3)“TheArabianNights"(《天方夜譚》)isaninterestingbook.

12>有些集體名詞如family,team,group,class,audience(聽眾,觀眾),government等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如看作

是一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式;如強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

1)Myfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney.我家要進(jìn)行一次長(zhǎng)途旅行。

2)Myfamilyarefondofmusic.我家人都喜歡音樂(lè)。

3)Theclasshaswonthehonour.這班獲得了榮譽(yù)。

4)Theclasswerejumpingforjoy.全班同學(xué)都高興得跳了起來(lái)。

13、all,more,most,some,any,none,half,therest等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,也可表示單數(shù)意義,

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如:

1)Alloftheappleisrotten.整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。

2)Alloftheapplesarerotten.所有的蘋果都爛了。

3)Mostofthewoodwasusedtomakefurniture(家具)。

14、the+形容詞(或分詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常指一類人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如指的是抽象概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

詞則用單數(shù)形式。如:

1)Theyoungareusuallyveryactive.年輕人通常是很活躍的。

2)Thewoundedarebeingtakengoodcareofherenow.現(xiàn)在傷病員們?cè)谶@里受到了很好照顧。

15、or,either???or???,neither…nor…,whether***01;notonly…but(also)連接的是主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后一個(gè)

主語(yǔ)一致。如:

1)EitheryouorIamgoingtothemovies.

2)Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.

16、不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:

1)Waterisakindofmatter

2)Thenewsatsixo?clockistrue.

17、集合名詞如:people,police,cattle等作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

1)Thepolicearesearchingforhim.

2)Thecattlearegrassing(吃草)。

18、population當(dāng)人口講時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)人們講時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:

1)ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.

2)Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.

19>thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),是表示“…的數(shù)字”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;a(large/great)

numberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),表示許多,作主語(yǔ)時(shí);謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

1)Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisincreasingyearafteryear.

2)Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.

20、means,politics,physics,plastics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】

1、Nothingbutcars___________intheshop.

A.issoldB.aresoldC.weresoldD.aregoingtosell

2、NooneexceptJackandTom_____theanswer

A.knowB?knowsC.isknowingD.areknown

3、Seventypercentofthestudentsinourschool___________fromthecountryside

A.isB?areC.comesD.arecoining

4、_____________ofthemoney_________usedup.

A.Three-five,areB.Three-fifths,havebeen

C.Three-fifths,hasbeenD.Third-fifths,is

5、Thenumberofthepeoplewho___________cars________increasing.

A.owns,areB.owns,isC.own,isD.own,are

6、OneofMarx'sworks___________writteninEnglishinthe1860s.

A.wasB.wereC.wouldbeD.are

7、Thesheetsforyourbed_________washing.

A.needsB.areneedingC.wantD.arewanting

8^Oneachsideofthestreet____________alotoftrees.

A.standsB.growC.isstandingD.aregrown

9、Somepersoncallingforvouatthesate.

A.areB.isC.isbeingD.willbe

10、Allthatcanbeeaten___________eatenup.

A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen

11、Ibm'steacherandfriend__________MnSmith.

A.areB.isC.arebeingD.has

12、Yournewclothesfitvou,butmineme.

A.doesn'tfitB.don9tfitC.doesn9tfitforD.don9tfitfor

13、NeitherhenorIfortheplan.

A.amB.areC.isD.were

14、Manyastudent___________thatmistakebefore.

A.hasmadeB.havemadeC.hasbeenmadeD.hadmade

15、Peter,perhapsJohn,playingwiththelittledog.

A.isB.areC.wereD.seems

16、Layingeggs_________theantqueen'sfull-timejob.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

17、Betweenthetwobuildings______________amonument.

A.standB.standsC.standingD.isstanding

18、I,who__________yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrow.

A.amB.isC.areD.was

19、TheUnitedNations____________in1945.

A.werefoundB.werefoundedC.wasfoundedD.wasfound

20、werealsoinvitedtotheparty.

A.MrSmithB.TheSmithC.TheSmithsD.Smiths

21、Theglassworksin1959.

A.weresetupB.wassetupC.wereputupD.werebuilt

22、Threehourswithyourgirlfriendtobeashorttime.

A.seemB.seemsC.isseemingD.hasseemed

23、Itwasreportedthatsixincludingaboy.

A.waskilledB.werekilledC.waskillingD.hadkilled

24、Thepoliceaprisoner

A.issearchingforB.aresearchingforC.issearchingD.aresearchedfor

25、Deerfasterthandogs.

A.runB.runsC.arerunningD.willrun

26、Thewoundedgoodcareofherenow.

A.istakenB.arebeingtakenC.aretakingD.istaking

27>Thewholeclassgreatlymovedathiswords.

A.wasB.wereC.hadD.is

28、Over80percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.

A.wasB.isC.areD.willbe

29>Thereaknifeandforkonthetable.

A.seemstobeB.seemtobeC.isseemingtobeD.are

30、Thosewhosingingmayjoinus.

A.arelikingB.likesC.enjoyD.isfondof

31、Hisfamilymusiclovers.

A.allareB.areallC.isD.arebeing

32、Aprofessorandawriterpresentatthemeeting.

A.wasB.isC.wereD.hadbeen

33、Thepairofshoeswornout.

A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen

34、ThestudentsinourschooleachanEnglishdictionary.

A.haveB.hasC.hadD.arehaving

35、Morethanoneanswertothequestion.

A.havebeengivenB.hasbeengivenC.weregivenD.hadgiven

36、Theboysittingbythewindowistheonlyoneofthestudentswhofromthecountrysideinour

school.A.areB.isC.wereD.was

37、Ourfamilyahappyone.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

38、Mostofthemistakesbecauseofcarelessness.

A.weremadeB.aremadeC.hasbeenmadeD.weremaking

39、Mostofhistimeinreadingnovels.

A.arespentB.isspentC.werespentD.wasspending

40、Therestofthenovelveryinteresting.

A.wereB?areseem

41、Iknowthatallgettingonwellwithhen

A.wasC.areD.were

Whenandwherethistookplace.stillunknown.

A.areB.wereCD.has

43、Notonlytheworkersbutalsothemachine____________notthere.

A.areB.wereC.isD.has

44^Veryfew________hisaddressinthetown.

A.knowsB.knowC.areknowingD.hasknown

45、Tenthousanddollars__________alargesumofmoney.

A.areB.isC.wereD.seem

46、Twentymiles________alongwaytocoven

A.wereB.are_________C.isD.seemtobe

47>Nineplusthree__________twelve.

A.makesB.makeC.ismakingD.aremaking

48、Therearetworoadsandeithertothestation.

A.leadsB.leadC.areleadingD.isleading

49、Myfather,togetherwithsomeofhisoldfriends,therealready.

A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.willbe

50、MyfamilyaswellasIgladtoseeyou.

A.amB.areC.isD.was

四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣

虛擬語(yǔ)氣分三種情況來(lái)掌握:

1、虛擬條件句。

2、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用語(yǔ)。

一、虛擬條件句:

條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況,在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

1、條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致,其句型為:

If主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)+should(could,would,或might)+動(dòng)詞原形,如:

IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.

Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.

2、條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致,句型為:

If主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞,主語(yǔ)+shoukl(could,would,或might)+have+過(guò)去分詞,如:

Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.

IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.

3、條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致,句型為:

If主語(yǔ)+should

>+do,主語(yǔ)+should(could--)+原形do

wereto

過(guò)去時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)條件句一樣)。

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.

IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.

Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.

注意問(wèn)題:

1、If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)"would”。

2、根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況,即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況,條件句也許是

發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況,但都是遵守上述句型。

3、在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were,had,should可省去if,將主語(yǔ)與這些詞倒裝,例如:

Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.

WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.

Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.

二、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣:

在表示命令、建議要求、驚嘆時(shí)的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,基本句型:主語(yǔ)+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形,

如:MotherinsistedthatJohngotobedat9o'clock.(賓語(yǔ)從句)

Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldnotbeheld.

Itwasrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.(主語(yǔ)從句)

Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.(同位語(yǔ)從句)

Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesbeincreased.(表語(yǔ)從句)

注意:在這種句子中絕不出現(xiàn)“would”“must”“could”等。

三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句:

1、wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句:

與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí);IwishIwereyou.

與過(guò)去愿望不一致主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞;IwishIhadvisitedthewhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates.

與未來(lái)愿望不一致主語(yǔ)+would(could)+原形。IwishIcouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.

2、irstime句型:當(dāng)It、time后用that從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為:主語(yǔ)+should+原形或主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí),例如:

It'stimethatyouwenttoschool.或It'stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.

3、Ifonly引起的感嘆句相當(dāng)于“Howlwish+賓語(yǔ)從句”

Ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能來(lái)就好了。

IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了。

4^wouldrather,asif(though)引導(dǎo)的句子也需使用虛擬,表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示現(xiàn)在與將

來(lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí),如:

rdratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.

rdratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.

Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.

AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.

5、without,but,butfoi;otherwise引起的短語(yǔ)或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。

Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.

Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn'thavedonetheworksowell.=Ifitwerenotforyourcooperation,we

wewouldn'thavedonetheworksowell.

注:without/butfor...=ffitweren'tnotfor.../Ifithadn'tbeenforsb.....

Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.

Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI'ambusynow.

Iambusynow;otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!

【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】

1、Itisimportantthatacollegestudentaforeignlanguage.

A.willmasterB.masterC.mastersD.wouldmaster

2、Itisstrangethatshewithoutsayingaword.

A.shouldhavegoneoutB.went

C.shouldgooutD.goesout

3、IfmylawyerherelastSaturday,hemefromgoing.

A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldprevent

C.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevent

4、----“Heisabraveman.”

------"Yes,IwishIhiscourage.”

A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.mayhave

5、Ifitrain,thecropswouldbesaved.

A.shouldB.will

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