Friction Braking Urban Rail Transit Vehicle Control城軌車輛制動 SpeakerWang Ruofei

FrictionBraking摩擦制動UrbanRailTransitVehicleControl城軌車輛制動Speaker:WangRuofei主講人：王若飛natureoffrictionbrakinganditsclassification摩擦制動的本質及分類

Frictionbrakingmethodscommonlyusedinurbanrailvehiclesaremainlygatebrake,discbrakeandtrackelectromagneticbrake.城軌車輛常用的摩擦制動方式主要有閘瓦制動、盤形制動和軌道電磁制動。Thetrain’smotionkineticenergyischangedintoheatenergy,escapingtotheatmosphere,soastoproducebrakingeffect.通過摩擦副的摩擦將列車的運動動能轉變?yōu)闊崮?，逸散于大氣，從而產生制動作用。1.Brakeshoebrake閘瓦制動Definitionofbraking

制動的概念brakeshoebrakeisalsoknownasthetreadbrake,whichisthemostcommonlyusedabrakingmethod.Whenbraking,thebrakeshoepressesthewheeltightly,andfrictiongeneratedbetweenwheelandbrakeshoeinwhichcasethetrain’skineticenergyischanged,throughthefrictionbetweenthewheelandbrakeshoe,intoheatenergy,escapingintotheair.閘瓦制動又稱為踏面制動，它是最常用的一種制動方式，制動時閘瓦壓緊車輪，輪、瓦間發(fā)生摩擦，將列車的運動動能通過輪、瓦間的摩擦轉變?yōu)闊崮?，逸散于空氣中?.Brakeshoebrake閘瓦制動Definitionofbraking

制動的概念Inthepairofbrakebrakeshoeandwheelfriction,thewheelismainlyresponsibleforthevehicletravelfunction,soitsmaterialcannotbechangedatwill.Inordertoimprovetheperformanceofthebrakebrakeshoe,onlythemethodofchangingthematerialofthebrakeshoeisavailable.在閘瓦與車輪這一對摩擦副中，由于車輪主要承擔著車輛走行功能，因此其材料不能隨意改變。要改善閘瓦制動的性能，只能通過改變閘瓦材料的方法。Intheearlystage,thegatematerialismainlycastiron.早期的閘瓦材料主要是鑄鐵。Inordertoimprovethefrictionperformanceandincreasewearresistance,mostofthecurrenturbanrailtransitvehiclesusesyntheticgatebrakeshoes.為了改善摩擦性能和增加耐磨性，目前城軌交通車輛中大多采用合成閘瓦。However,thethermalconductivityofsyntheticbrakeshoesispoor,sotherearealsogoodthermalconductivity,andhasagoodfrictionperformanceofpowdermetallurgybrakeshoes.但合成閘瓦的導熱性較差，因此目前也有采用導熱性能良好，且具有較好的摩擦性能的粉末冶金閘瓦。1.Brakeshoebrake閘瓦制動Definitionofbraking

制動的概念Inthebrakeshoebraking,whenthebrakingpowerislarge,itispossiblethattheheatistoolatetoescapefromtheatmosphere,andinthebrakeshoeandwheeltreadarea,theirtemperaturerises,sothatthefrictionbetweenwheelandbrakeshoedecreases,andinseriouscases,itmayleadtothemeltingofthebrakeshoe(castironbrakeshoe)andhubrelaxation.在閘瓦制動中，當制動功率較大時，有可能產生熱量來不及逸散于大氣，而在閘瓦與車輪踏面積聚，使它們的溫度升高，使輪、瓦間摩擦力下降，嚴重時導致閘瓦熔化(鑄鐵閘瓦)和輪轂松弛等。Therefore,intheuseofbrake-shoebrake,thebrakingpowershallbeundercontrol.因此，在采用閘瓦制動時，對制動功率要有限制。1-Brakecylinder制動缸；2-Foundationbrake基礎制動裝置；3-Brakeshoe閘瓦；4-Wheel車輪；5-Rail鋼軌。1.Brakeshoebrake閘瓦制動Definitionofbraking

制動的概念Inthebrakeshoebraking,whenthebrakingpowerislarge,itispossiblethattheheatistoolatetoescapefromtheatmosphere,andinthebrakeshoeandwheeltreadarea,theirtemperaturerises,sothatthefrictionbetweenwheelandbrakeshoedecreases,andinseriouscases,itmayleadtothemeltingofthebrakeshoe(castironbrakeshoe)andhubrelaxation.在閘瓦制動中，當制動功率較大時，有可能產生熱量來不及逸散于大氣，而在閘瓦與車輪踏面積聚，使它們的溫度升高，使輪、瓦間摩擦力下降，嚴重時導致閘瓦熔化(鑄鐵閘瓦)和輪轂松弛等。Therefore,intheuseofbrake-shoebrake,thebrakingpowershallbeundercontrol.因此，在采用閘瓦制動時，對制動功率要有限制。2.Discbrake盤形制動

Definitionofbraking

制動的概念Thediscbrakeasshowninthefigure,couldbedividedintoaxledisctype(flashes)andwheeldisctype(flashes).Generally,theaxledisctypeisadopted.Whenthemiddleofthewheelpairduetotractionmotorandotherequipmenttomakethebrakediscinstallationdifficulties,thewheeldisctypecanbeused.盤形制動如圖所示，有軸盤式和輪盤式之分。一般采用軸盤式，當輪對中間由于牽引電機等設備使制動盤安裝發(fā)生困難時，可采用輪盤式。Whenbraking,thebrakecylinderthroughthebrakecaliperbrakepadsclampingbrakedisc,sothatthebrakepadsandbrakediscfrictionbetweenthekineticenergyofthetrainintothermalenergy,thermalenergycouldescapeintotheatmospherethroughthebrakediscandbrakepads.制動時，制動缸通過制動夾鉗使閘片夾緊制動盤，使閘片與制動盤間產生摩擦，把列車的動能轉變?yōu)闊崮?，熱能通過制動盤與閘片逸散于大氣。Discbrakecanchoosehigh-performancefrictionsub-materialsandgoodheatdissipationstructure,inwhichcaseitgetmuchgreaterbrakingpowerthanthethanthatofbrake-shoebraking.盤形制動方式能選擇高性能的摩擦副材料和良好的散熱結構，可以獲得比閘瓦制動大得多的制動功率。Definitio