全國2024高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí)話題版主題語境Unit4個人情況四講義

PAGEPAGE1個人狀況Ⅰ.單詞拼法1.Butsomethinginsidemewasgoingtoclimbthatmountainatallcost.Icouldhardlywaittotrythisadventure(冒險)again.(2024·天津)2.Theindustryhasalsotakenaim(目標(biāo))attheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement.(2024·浙江)3.Theproposalattempts(嘗試)todealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles.(2024·天津)4.Somepeopleliveonlydreamingaboutitwhileotherslivetoavoid(避開)everclimbingatall.(2024·天津)5.Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts，chances(機會)areyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.(2024·江蘇)6.Itiswellworthmakinganeffort(努力)topromotethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.7.Ithoughtofmyheadteacheroneday,whoalwaysencouraged(激勵)usnottoloseheartandbehopefulaboutthefuturewhenwewereintrouble.8.Inviewofhiseducationalbackgroundandexperience(經(jīng)驗),noonedoubtshissuitabilityasaleader.9.Itfoundmanyyoungstersnowmeasure(衡量)theirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline，oftenthrough“l(fā)ikes”.(2024·江蘇)10.Thoughhehadtriedtoovercome(戰(zhàn)勝)hisshyness,hedidn’tmakeitintheend.11.Forthispurpose(目的)，selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.(2024·全國Ⅱ)12.Moth，meanwhile，afteraninitialstruggle(掙扎)，foundhissymptomswerestrangelyreducedbytheirdailytiringjourney.(2024·江蘇)Ⅱ.單句語法填空1.WhatIsawwascompletely(complete)unlikeanythingIhadexperiencedinthepast.Thisnewnessjustleftmewantingmore.(2024·全國Ⅰ)2.J.K.Rowlingdonates30milliontohelpthedisadvantaged(disadvantage)children.3.Childrenbecameincreasinglyanxious(anxiety)aboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia.4.AtfirstRobertwouldn’tlethisdaughtergodiving，buteventuallyhegaveinasshewassoconfident(confidence)aboutherskills.5.Hewasdisabledfrombirth，butheneverfeltfrustrated.Nordidhegiveintoanydifficulty(difficult).6.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailures(fail)attheendofyearwillhelpshapeyouryearahead.(2024·江蘇)7.Forthiscourierjob，you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentially(potential)goingtosavesomebody’slife.(2024·全國Ⅰ)8.Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth，development，andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewarding(reward)partsofourlives.(2024·四川)9.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent，ambition(ambitious)，energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.(2024·浙江)10.Asuccessful(success)artsneighborhoodcreatesarippleeffect(連鎖反應(yīng))throughoutacommunity.(2024·江蘇)Ⅲ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.Myaimistoeq\f(exploring,explore)theworldofliteratureandtheworldofgreatwriterstocultivatemymind.2.Theboysmadeeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(an))attempttoleaveforcampingbutwerestoppedbytheirparents.3.Thetwolostboyshappenedtocomeintoacavewheretheydiscoveredsomeveryvaluablepre-historicalrockpaintingsbythechance.4.Allthenoisemakesithardformetofullyconcentrateeq\f(at,on)thebookI’mtryingtoread.5.Thankstothesupportofherfriendsandrelatives，herdreamofestablishingashelterforthedisadvantagedhasbeencometrue.6.Driverlesscarsmayendupeq\f(be,being)aformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown.(2024·天津)Ⅳ.選詞填空eq\x(fightfor，loseheart，gothrough，makeprogress，reachacompromise)1.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachacompromisebetweenwhattheywantandwhattheyareexpected.2.Thisgenerouslove，encouragespeopleallaroundtheworldtofightforthewell-beingofallpeoplefearlessly.3.Youwillneverknowwhatshewentthroughtoeducateherchildren.4.ItwasmyEnglishteacherwhoencouragedmenottoloseheartwhenIwasfacedwithdifficultiesinmyEnglishlearning.5.Tomakeprogressatareasonablerate，you’llneedtocommitatleastanhouradaytopracticethepiano.eq\x(turnout，payoff，stickto，takepainsto，makeupone’smind)6.Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning，youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.(2024·全國Ⅱ)7.Withsomanyreferencebooksonthisromanticpoetformetochoosefrom，Ican’tmakeupmymindwhichtochoose.8.Receivingagoodeducationisrathercostlybutitshouldpayoffinthelongrun.9.Chinaistakingpainstoensuretheactiontakentoprotecttheenvironmenteffectively.10.Newtechnologieshavemadeitpossibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.Ⅴ.同義詞語替換1.Travelnotonlygivesmetheopportunitytounderstandtheworld，butalsobringsmetoachievethedreamofexploringdifferentscenery.realize2.Difficultasthetaskwas，hestillstucktoitandtookpainstocompleteit.madeeveryeffort3.Surprisingly，thereislittleevidencetobackupthisopinionthatkeepingavegetariandietcanbenefitthehealthandfightagainstheartdisease.support4.Ifindithardtoconcentrateonmystudieswithsomepeoplehavingsmalltalksaroundme.focuson5.Theywillstartacampaigntoencourageawarenessofenvironmentalmoteeq\x(achievevt.完成；達(dá)到)(1)achieveone’saims/goals達(dá)到目標(biāo)achievesuccess獲得勝利(2)achievementn.成就；功業(yè)；完成；達(dá)到asenseofachievement成就感makegreatachievements取得巨大的勝利(1)Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadarealsenseofachievement(成就感).(2)Hewasofferingawayforustochangeourlivesandachieveourdreams(實現(xiàn)我們的幻想).(2024·江蘇)(3)Inthelastfewyears，Chinahasmadegreatachievements(取得了巨大成就)inenvironmentalprotection.易錯點撥achievement作“完成，達(dá)到”解時為不行數(shù)名詞；作“成就，功績”解時是可數(shù)名詞。eq\x(attemptn.&v.企圖；試圖；嘗試；努力)(1)attempttodo...嘗試(試圖)做……(2)makeanattempttodo/(at)doing...嘗試做……atthefirstattempt第一次嘗試(3)attemptedadj.未遂的(1)Inanattempttoencouragethestudentstodosomereadingandprovidethestudentswithmoregoodbooks，ourschoolisplanningtoholdtheReadingFestivalinthelibrarynextFriday.(2)Policesaythey’retreatingitasacaseofattempted(attempt)murder.(3)Ipassedmydrivingtestatthefirstattempt(第一次嘗試).(4)[同義句改寫]Theyattemptedtoclimb(climb)thathill.→Theymadeanattempttoclimb/(at)climbingthathill.eq\x(avoidv.避開；回避)1avoiddoing...避開做……2avoidableadj.可避開的(1)Deathscausedbycarelessdrivingareavoidable(avoid).(2)CCTVsaysthatastormwillhitourcity.Inordertoavoidbeingcaught(catch)，wemusttakeourraincoatwithus.(3)[單句改錯]Sheavoidseq\f(walked,walking)ondarkstreetsatnight.易錯點撥(1)avoid后接動詞時要用動名詞，不接不定式，且后不接that從句。(2)avoid通常指“勝利地避開”，假如表示“企圖避開”，應(yīng)用trytoavoid。challengen.挑戰(zhàn)；難題；質(zhì)疑vt.挑戰(zhàn)；懷疑(1)meet/face/issueachallenge應(yīng)對/面臨/發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)(2)challengesb.to(do)sth.向某人挑戰(zhàn)(做)某事(3)challengingadj.有挑戰(zhàn)性的；有吸引力的challengedadj.受到挑戰(zhàn)的(1)Shegavehimachallenging(challenge)look.“Areyoureallysure？”shedemanded.(2)Theoppositionleaderchallengedtheprimeministertocall(call)anelection.(3)Ichallengedhimtoagameoftennis.[熟詞生義]選擇句子中challenge的漢語意思(4)Ididnotthinkhewasright，soIchallengedhim.AA.質(zhì)疑B.駁斥C.挑戰(zhàn)costv.使付費；價錢為；使損失n.價格；費用；代價(1)atthecostof以……為代價atacostof以……的費用/價格atanycost(＝atallcosts)以任何代價，不惜一切代價(2)costsb.sth.使某人失去……(1)Wemustatallcosts/atanycostpreventthemfromfindingoutabouttheplan.我們必需不惜一切代價阻擋他們發(fā)覺這個安排。(2)Hesavedhisdaughterfromthefire，butonlyatthecostofhisownlife.他從大火中救出了他的女兒，但卻犧牲了自己的生命。(3)Heboughtthepianoatacostof500dollars.他花500美元買下了這架鋼琴。(4)Onemistakecosthimhisjob.一個錯誤讓他丟了工作。desiren.渴望；欲望；渴求；渴望的人或物vt.希望得到；想要(1)haveastrongdesireeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.迫切想要做某事,forsth.急于想得到某物))(2)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.希望某人做某事desirethat...(should)do...渴望……(3)desirableadj.志向的；值得擁有的；可取的(1)Hedesiredtobring(bring)backtheso-callednewfourinventionsbacktohishomecountry.(2)Shehasastrongdesireforknowledgeandwantstogotocollegeverymuch.(3)[一句多譯]他母親希望他成為一名老師。①Hismotherdesiredhimtobe/becomeateacher.②Hismotherdesiredthathe(should)be/becomeateacher.易錯點撥desire不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)，后接賓語從句或同位語從句，從句中謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可省略。eq\x(devotevt.獻(xiàn)身；致力；用心；把……用于)(1)devote...to...把……致力于……，用心于……devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于；致力于(2)devotedadj.摯愛的；忠實的，忠誠的bedevotedto致力于；獻(xiàn)身于；酷愛……(3)devotionn.奉獻(xiàn)；關(guān)照；忠誠(1)Mostchildrenlongforandneedaloving，devoted(devote)andresponsiblefather.(2024·黑龍江哈爾濱三中二模)(2)Onlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofhelpingeachothercanwebedevotedtobuilding(build)aharmonioussociety.[句式升級](3)Hedevotedhimselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.①Devotinghimselftocommunityactivities，hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)②Devotedtocommunityactivities，hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)guaranteevt.保證；擔(dān)保n.保證；擔(dān)保；保修單(1)guaranteesb.sth.保證某人某事guaranteetodosth./that...保證做某事；確?！璪eguaranteedtodosth.確定會……；必定會……(2)underguarantee在保修期內(nèi)givesb.aguaranteethat...向某人擔(dān)保/保證……(1)Iguaranteetopay(pay)offhisdebts.(2)Thecarislessthanayearold，soitisstillunderguarantee.(3)[一句多譯]我們保證在一周內(nèi)將貨物送到。①Weguaranteetodeliverthegoodsinoneweek.(guaranteev.；簡潔句)②Weguaranteethatwewilldeliverthegoodsinoneweek.(guaranteev.；復(fù)合句)③Wegiveaguaranteethatwewilldeliverthegoodsinoneweek.(guaranteen.)eq\x(insistvi.&vt.堅持認(rèn)為；堅決主見)insiston/upondoingsth.堅持做某事insistthat...堅持認(rèn)為……；堅決要求……(1)Thedoctorinsistedthatshewas(be)seriouslyillandthatshe(should)beoperated(operate)onimmediately.(2)[一句多譯]他堅持要我同他一起去。①HeinsistedthatI(should)gowithhim.②Heinsistedonme/mygoingwithhim.③HeinsistedonitthatI(should)gowithhim.易錯點撥(1)insist表示“堅持說，堅持認(rèn)為”時，其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣；表示“堅決主見，堅持要求”時，其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“(should)do”。(2)insist后面既不接不定式也不接動名詞，遇此狀況要用insiston/upon。insist后也不接帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\x(managev.設(shè)法做成，努力完成；管理，經(jīng)營；限制，應(yīng)付)(1)managetodo設(shè)法做manageit能做到managesth.經(jīng)營/管理……(2)succeedindoing...勝利地做成了……trytodo...努力做……(不確定勝利)(1)Later，engineersmanagedtoconstruct(construct)railwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels，whichbecameknownastheTube.(2024·全國Ⅱ)(2)Theboxisheavy，butIcanmanageit(拿得動).eq\x(provev.證明；證明；連系動詞證明是)(1)provesth.tosb.向某人證明某事prove(tobe)＋n./adj.證明是……；結(jié)果是……(prove為系動詞)prove＋that/wh-從句證明……Itisprovedthat...經(jīng)證明……(2)proofn.證明；證據(jù)[同義句改寫](1)Thereportprovesitstruth.→Thereportprovesittobetrue.→Thereportprovesthatitistrue.[句式升級](2)Thismethodisprovedtobemoreefficient.(用it作形式主語改寫)Itisprovedthatthismethodismoreefficient.易錯點撥prove用作不及物動詞，具有連系動詞的性質(zhì)，其后可接名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式(主要是tobe，且tobe可省略)等。eq\x(reflectv.映照；反射；思索)(1)reflect...in在……中映出……的影像bereflectedin倒映在；反映在reflecton/upon反省/思索某事(2)reflectionn.[C]映像；反映；[U]反射；思索，考慮belostinreflection陷入深思中onreflection一再考慮(1)Shecouldseeherfacereflected(reflect)inthewater.(2)Thelikelyreactionsofthemarketneedtobereflectedon(upon)/reflectingon(upon)(思索)beforeweact.(3)[一句多譯]你對服飾的選擇反映了你的性格特點。①Yourchoiceofclothesreflectsyourpersonality.(reflectv.)②Yourchoiceofclothesisareflectionofyourpersonality.(reflectionn.)rewardv.答謝；嘉獎，獎賞n.獎金；回報；酬勞(1)rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而獎賞/答謝某人rewardsb.withsth.用某物獎賞/回報某人(2)inrewardfor為獎賞……；為報答……asarewardfor作為對……的獎賞/回報(3)rewardingadj.值得的；有益的；有意義的(1)Lastweekend,IfixedupawoodenflowershelfformyfamilywhenDadwasawayonbusiness,whichwasreallyarewarding(reward)experience.(2)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.(2024·北京)學(xué)生們始終努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的付出最終會獲得勝利的。(3)I’dliketodosomethinginrewardfor/asarewardforherkindness.我想做點什么來報答她的好意。riskvt.冒……的危急n.危急；風(fēng)險(1)risksth./doingsth.冒著……的危急(2)atrisk處于危急之中attheriskofdoingsth.冒著……的風(fēng)險take/runtheriskofdoingsth.冒著……的危急(3)riskyadj.危急的[一句多譯](1)他受到了贊揚，因為他冒著生命危急撲滅了大火。①Hewaspraisedbecauseheriskedlosinghislifetoputoutthebigfire.②Hewaspraisedbecausehetook/rantheriskoflosinghislifetoputoutthebigfire.③Hewaspraisedbecauseheputoutthebigfireattheriskoflosinghislife.(2)[同義句改寫]IwonderedifIwasputtingmylifeatrisk.→IwonderedifIwasputtingmylifeindanger.eq\x(gothrough經(jīng)驗；經(jīng)受；完成；通過；檢查；用完)goover復(fù)習(xí)goout出去；熄滅goagainst違反；違反goup上漲；上升goahead前進(jìn)；干吧；說吧gowithout沒有……也可應(yīng)付；將就[寫出下列句子中g(shù)othrough的漢語意思](1)Hewentthroughmanydifficulties,whichdidn’tcasthimdown.經(jīng)驗(2)Carsarenotallowedtogothroughthecitycentre.通過，穿過(3)Itdidn’ttakeAlbertverylongtogothroughhismoney.用完(4)Shewentthroughthecompany’saccounts，lookingforevidenceoffraud(欺詐).檢查；審核eq\x(owesth.tosb.欠某人某物；把……歸功于某人)(1)owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb.欠某人某物；把……歸功于某人oweittosb.that.../todo...把……歸功于某人(2)owingto由于(1)MyEnglishteacherissuchagreatsoul，towhomIowemanythanks.(2)IoweittohimthatIfinishedmyworkintime.(3)Owingtothebadweather(由于天氣不好)，thismorning’sflightwillbedelayed.eq\x(stickto堅持，信守to為介詞)be/getstuckin陷入；困在……中stickout伸出；探出；醒目，惹眼stickby忠于；遵守；接著堅持stickupfor支持；維護(hù)(1)Allhislife，hewasstuck(stick)inhishousetakencareofbyhismother.(2024·黑龍江哈爾濱六中二模)(2)Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime，nomattertheday.(2024·全國Ⅲ)(3)Careful—there’sanailstickingoutof(突出)thatboard.eq\x(Itmaybemanyyearsbeforeyourhardworkpaysoff.可能要許多年你的努力才會有回報。)eq\x(句型：Itis/was...before...)(1)before用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，除了表示“在……之前”以外，還可以表示“……(之后)才；不久就；不等……就”。(2)句型歸納：①Itwon’tbe...before...用不了多長時間就會……(before從句用一般現(xiàn)在時)②Itwillbe...before...得過多久才……(before從句用一般現(xiàn)在時)③Itwasn’t...before...沒過多長時間就……(before從句用一般過去時)④Itwas...before...過了多長時間才……(before從句用一般過去時)(1)Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.(2024·全國Ⅲ)結(jié)果是人們在還沒真正須要停止前就停止駕駛了。(2)Itwasn’tlongbeforehelearnedtousethecomputer.不久他就學(xué)會了運用計算機。(3)Ifyoumissthischance，itmaybeyearsbeforeyougetanotherone.假如你錯過了這次機會，可能須要許多年你才能再獲得一次。Don’tadmitdefeatuntilyoureallyhaveto.不到萬不得已就不要承認(rèn)失敗。eq\x(句型：not...until...)(1)until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，假如主句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性的，那么這個主句需用確定式；若主句的謂語動詞是非持續(xù)性的，則主句常用否定式，構(gòu)成not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)在not...until...句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以把notuntil提到句首，句子用倒裝語序。(3)not...until...句型的強調(diào)句式為：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。(1)Bachdiedin1750，butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世紀(jì)初期他的音樂才能才完全被認(rèn)可。(2)Itisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlifeuntilwehaveactuallyhadthatlesson.我們很難吸取生活中的閱歷教訓(xùn)，直到我們真正得到了這一教訓(xùn)。[句式升級](3)Ididn’tpursuemycareerasanactressuntilIfinishedmystudies.①NotuntilIfinishedmystudiesdidIpursuemycareerasanactress.(倒裝句)②ItwasnotuntilIfinishedmystudiesthatIpursuedmycareerasanactress.(強調(diào)句)(2024·江蘇，D)Notsolongago，mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoShelly-AnnFraser-Prycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherJamaicanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However，onepersonwantedtochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShelly-Annatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive，butevenso，hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout，somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferShelly-Annaplaceinhisverystricttrainingsessions.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults，andafewyearslateratJamaica’sOlympictrialsinearly2008，Shelly-Ann，whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld，beatJamaica’sunchallengedqueenofthesprint(短跑).“Wheredidshecomefrom？”askedanastonishedsprintingworld，beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime，onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.ButShelly-Annwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaone-hitwonder.AttheBeijingOlympicsshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybecomingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metresOlympicgold.ShediditagainoneyearonattheWorldChampionshipsinBerlin，becomingworldchampionwithatimeof10.73—thefourthfastesttimeever.Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigsmile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.Herjourneytobecomingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbutsmoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica’stoughestinner-citycommunitiesknownasWaterhouse，whereshelivedinaone-roomapartment，sleepingfourinabedwithhermotherandtwobrothers.Waterhouse，oneofthepoorestcommunitiesinJamaica，isareallyviolentandoverpopulatedplace.SeveralofShelly-Ann’sfriendsandfamilywerecaughtupinthekillings；oneofhercousinswasshotdeadonlyafewstreetsawayfromwhereshelived.Sometimesherfamilydidn’thaveenoughtoeat.Sheranattheschoolchampionshipsbarefootedbecauseshecouldn’taffordshoes.HermotherMaxime，oneofafamilyoffourteen，hadbeenanathleteherselfasayounggirlbut，likesomanyothergirlsinWaterhouse，hadtostopaftershehadherfirstbaby.Maxime’searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse’sroundaboutofpoverty.OneofthefirstthingsMaximeusedtodowithShelly-Annwastakinghertothetrack，andshewasreadytosacrificeeverything.Itdidn’ttakelongforShelly-AnntorealizethatsportscouldbeherwayoutofWaterhouse.OnasummereveninginBeijingin2008，allthoselong，hardhoursofworkandcommitmentfinallyborefruit.Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty，surroundedbycriminalsandviolence，hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports.ButShelly-Ann’svictorywasfargreaterthanthat.ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing，theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheneighbouringstreetsstopped.Thedarkcloudaboveoneoftheworld’stoughestcriminalneighbourhoodssimplydisappearedforafewdays.“Ihavesomuchfireburningformycountry，”Shellysaid.SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicanstolaydowntheirweapons.Sheintendstofighttomakeitawoman’saswellasaman’sworld.AsMuhammadAliputsit，“Championsaren’tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire，adream，avision.”O(jiān)neofthethingsShelly-Anncanbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth.65.WhydidStephenFrancisdecidetocoachShelly-Ann？A.Hehadastrongdesiretofreeherfamilyfromtrouble.B.Hesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherweaknesses.C.Shehadbigproblemsmaintainingherperformance.D.Shesufferedalotofdefeatsattheprevioustrackmeets.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“StephenFrancis...wasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.”和“hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout...”可知，StephenFrancis教練感受到了她的巨大潛力。66.WhatdidthesprintingworldthinkofShelly-Annbeforethe2008OlympicGames?A.Shewouldbecomeapromisingstar.B.Shebadlyneededtosethighergoals.C.Hersprintingcareerwouldnotlastlong.D.Hertalentforsprintingwasknowntoall.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“...sprintingworld，beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime，onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.”可推斷出，短跑界認(rèn)為她的短跑生涯不會持續(xù)很長時間。67.WhatmadeMaximedecidetotrainherdaughteronthetrack?A.Hersuccessandlessonsinhercareer.B.HerinterestinShelly-Ann’squickprofit.C.HerwishtogetShelly-Annoutofpoverty.D.Herearlyentranceintothesprintingworld.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終兩句“Maxime’searly...gaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse’sroundaboutofpoverty.OneofthefirstthingsMaximeusedtodowithShelly-Annwastakinghertothetrack...”可知，母親Maxime希望女兒擺脫貧困，所以確定讓女兒進(jìn)行跑步訓(xùn)練當(dāng)運動員。68.WhatcanweinferfromShelly-Ann’sstatementunderlinedinParagraph5?A.Shewashighlyrewardedforherefforts.B.Shewaseagertodomoreforhercountry.C.Shebecameanathleticstarinhercountry.D.Shewastheenvyofthewholecommunity.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)后面的“Sheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentre...ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicans...Sheintendstofight...”可知，這些都是她從大局動身為國家、為人民做的事，同時也說明白她的話的含義，即她渴望為祖國做更多的事情。69.BymentioningMuhammadAli’swords，theauthorintendstotellusthat.A.playersshouldbehighlyinspiredbycoachesB.greatathletesneedtoconcentrateonpatienceC.hardworkisnecessaryinone’sachievementsD.motivationallowsgreatathletestobeonthetop答案D解析推理推斷題。MuhammadAli所說的這句話“Championsaren’tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire，adream，avision.”意思是“冠軍不是誕生在體育館里，而是來自人的內(nèi)心。成就冠軍的是渴望，是幻想，是愿景！”，其中的desire，dream，vision與D項中的motivation(動機)表達(dá)同一含義，由此可推斷出答案為D。70.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMakingofaGreatAthleteB.TheDreamforChampionshipC.TheKeytoHighPerformanceD.ThePowerofFullResponsibility答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講解并描述的是牙買加一位短跑名將Shelly-AnnFraser-Pryce從平凡走向卓越，從卓越邁向宏大的歷程。故A項為最佳標(biāo)題。Ⅰ.宏觀把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脈絡(luò)通過閱讀文章可知，本文是一篇記敘文。主要講解并描述的是牙買加一個短跑名將Shelly-AnnFraser-Pryce從平凡走向卓越，從卓越邁向宏大的歷程。在2008年北京奧運會上勝利奪金之后，她努力用自己的影響力去變更那個曾經(jīng)吞噬了多數(shù)青少年幻想的貧民窟。文章的脈絡(luò)如下：Ⅱ.微觀排障——長難句分析Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty，surroundedbycriminalsandviolence，hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports.句式分析：該句是復(fù)合句，who引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞kid；surroundedbycriminalsandviolence是過去分詞短語作狀語。翻譯：這個光腳的孩子，幾年前始終生活在貧困中，被犯罪與暴力包圍著，已在體育歷史上書寫了新的篇章。Ⅲ.詞匯積累1.averageadj.一般的2.strictadj.嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的3.wondern.奇跡4.championn.冠軍5.inspirevt.激勵；激發(fā)6.potentialn.潛力adj.有潛力的7.weaknessn.弱點8.performancen.表現(xiàn)，表演9.promisingadj.有前途的10.patiencen.耐性11.achievementn.成就，成果12.responsibilityn.責(zé)任把握層次，劃定范圍，去偽存真，確定標(biāo)題文章標(biāo)題通常有如下要求：不能過大、過于籠統(tǒng)，放之四海皆適用；也不能過小、以偏概全，掛一漏萬。標(biāo)題是文章中心思想的精煉表達(dá)，多為一個名詞詞組，短小明白，涵蓋性強。做這類題目時，要在閱讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，把握好層次關(guān)系。留意選項的歸納范圍要恰如其分，干擾項往往是局部信息，是某一小節(jié)或文章里的某一句。所以我們在解題時要反復(fù)推敲，把概括范圍過窄或過寬的選項過濾掉。好的文章標(biāo)題具有較強的針對性、獨特性，能夠精確地概括出這篇短文的主旨大意，而不是其他文章的大意。70題屬于主旨大意題中的標(biāo)題歸納題。本題中B、C、D三項的內(nèi)容都與文章內(nèi)容不夠貼切，范圍顯得過大。我們可以運用逆向推理方法識別范圍過大的標(biāo)題。Ⅰ.閱讀理解eq\x(話題：個人狀況難度星級：☆☆)(2024·陜西西安中學(xué)期中)StephenHawking，thebrighteststarinthefirmament(天空)ofscience，whoseinsightsshapedmoderncosmology(宇宙論)andinspiredglobalaudiencesinthemillions，hasdiedaged76.HisfamilyreleasedastatementintheearlyhoursofWednesdaymorningconfirminghisdeathathishomeinCambridge.Hawking’schildren，Lucy，RobertandTimsaidinastatement，“Wearedeeplysaddenedthatourbelovedfatherpassedawaytoday.Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinarymanwhoseworkandlegacywillliveonformanyyearstocome.Hiscourageandpersistencewithhisbrillianceandhumorinspiredpeopleacrosstheworld.”WhenHawkingwasdiagnosedwithmotorneurondisease(運動神經(jīng)元病)in1963attheageof21，doctorsexpectedhimtoliveforonlytwomoreyears.ButHawkinghadaformofthediseasethatprogressedmoreslowlythanusual.Hesurvivedformorethanhalfacenturyandlongenoughforhisdisabilitytodefinehim.Hispopularitywouldsurelyhavebeendiminishedwithoutit.Thosewholiveintheshadowofdeathareoftenthosewholivemost.ForHawking，theearlydiagnosisofhisterminaldisease，andwitnessingthedeathfromleukaemia(白血病)ofaboywhoheknewinhospital，ignited(點燃)afreshsenseofpursue.“Althoughtherewasacloudhangingovermyfuture，Ifound，tomysurprise，thatIwasenjoyinglifeinthepresentmorethanbefore.Ibegantomakeprogresswithmyresearch，”heoncesaid.Embarking(著手)onhiscareerinearnest，hedeclared，“Mygoalissimple.Itisacompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse，whyitisasitisandwhyitexistsatall.”語篇解讀本文是一篇人物傳記。史蒂芬·霍金StephenHawking是科學(xué)界最刺眼的明星，他的洞察力塑造了現(xiàn)代宇宙學(xué)，激勵了全球數(shù)百萬的讀者。1.ThefollowingstatementsaboutHawkingistrueEXCEPTthat.A.HawkinghadthreekidsaccordingtothepassageB.Hawking’sintelligenceandspiritsinfluencedenormouspeopleallovertheworldC.Hawking’sdiseasebecameworsequicklyafterbeingdiagnosedD.almostallhislifewasdevotedtotheexplorationoftheuniverseinspiteofhisseveredisease答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段前兩句“WhenHawkingwasdiagnosedwithmotorneurondisease(運動神經(jīng)元病)in1963attheageof21，doctorsexpectedhimtoliveforonlytwomoreyears.ButHawkinghadaformofthediseasethatprogressedmoreslowlythanusual.”可知，C項“霍金的病在被診斷出來后快速惡化”表述不正確。故選C。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminished”mostprobablyreferto?A.Increased. B.Decreased.C.Gained. D.Disappeared.答案B解析詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段最終兩句“Hispopularitywouldsurelyhavebeendiminishedwithoutit.Thosewholiveintheshadowofdeathareoftenthosewholivemost(沒有它，他的聲望確定會下降。生活在死亡陰影下的人往往是那些活得最棒的人).”可推知畫線詞的意思是“削減，下降”。故選B。3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeHawking?A.Activeandknowledgeable.B.Optimisticanddetermined.C.Thoughtfulandhardworking.D.Diligentandkind.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Althoughtherewasacloudhangingovermyfuture，Ifound，tomysurprise，thatIwasenjoyinglifeinthepresentmorethanbefore.Ibegantomakeprogresswithmyresearch”以及“Itisacompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse，whyitisasitisandwhyitexistsatall.”可知，“樂觀和堅決”可以用來描述霍金。故選B。4.WhatwasitthatinspiredHawkingtopursuehisdream?A.Hiscourageandpersistencewithbrillianceandhumor.B.Hismotorneurondisease.C.Hisinsightsintomoderncosmology.D.Hisbeingdiagnosedwithdiseaseandseeinghisfrienddieofleukaemia.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段第一句“ForHawking，theearlydiagnosisofhisterminaldisease，andwitnessingthedeathfromleukaemia(白血病)ofaboywhoheknewinhospital，ignited(點燃)afreshsenseofpursue.”可知，他被診斷出患有疾病并目睹他的摯友死于白血病，這些激勵了霍金去追求他的幻想。故選D。Ⅱ.完形填空eq\x(話題：人際關(guān)系難度星級：☆☆)WhenHeatherMcHugh，apoet，wona500,000“geniusgrant”fromtheMacArthurFoundation，shedidn’tbuyaluxuriouscarorflytoParis.5，sheputthemoneyinthebankand6writingpoems.In2011，shefinally7whattodowithit.Thatyear，Heather’sgodsonandhiswife8theirfirstchild，abeautifulbabygirlbutseverelydisabled.“Isawhowpeople’s9canchangeovernight.Istartedthinkingaboutpeopleina10situation，”saysHeather.She11thereweremillionsofcaregiverstakingcareofthechronically(慢性地)illordisabled.Soin2012，Heather12anon-profitorganizationofferingaseven-dayvacation，withall13paid，topeoplewhohavebeencaregiversforatleasttenyears.Triciawasoneofthefirstcaregiverstogoonvacation.WhenTriciagotacallsayingshewasoffereda14vacation，shecouldn’t15it；disbeliefeven16herconcernaboutleavinghertwokids.Triciawentwithexcitement，butherfavoritepartofthetripwasbeingabletoenjoythe17things.“Igottoeathotfoodhotandcoldfoodcold.IcouldgotobedwhenIwantedtoandwakeupwheneverIchoseto，”saysTricia.Shewasafraidthe18wouldreturnwhenthe19wasover，buttohers