解析不同產(chǎn)品申請(qǐng)ASTM E119耐火測(cè)試有什么異同之處

解析不同產(chǎn)品申請(qǐng)ASTME119耐火測(cè)試有什么異同之處美標(biāo)ASTME119標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是對(duì)各種建筑結(jié)構(gòu)件進(jìn)行耐火性能判定，不同的產(chǎn)品，不同的用途，判定依據(jù)有相同點(diǎn)，也有不同點(diǎn)。相同點(diǎn)：基本指標(biāo)相同：基本指標(biāo)包括完整性，隔熱性。耐火完整性：在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)耐火試驗(yàn)條件下,建筑分隔構(gòu)件當(dāng)某一面受火時(shí),能在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)防止火焰和熱氣穿透或在背火面出現(xiàn)火焰的能力。耐火隔熱性：在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)耐火試驗(yàn)條件下,建筑分隔構(gòu)件當(dāng)某一面受火時(shí),能在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)其背火面溫度不超過(guò)規(guī)定值的能力。不管是什么結(jié)構(gòu)件都需要從完整性和隔熱性能等基本方面進(jìn)行評(píng)估。例如：無(wú)論是防火門(mén)、防火墻，天花板還是其他建筑構(gòu)件，在試驗(yàn)中都要考察是否出現(xiàn)穿透性裂縫等影響完整性的現(xiàn)象，都要測(cè)量背火面溫度來(lái)判斷隔熱性。不同點(diǎn)：具體指標(biāo)數(shù)值：不同產(chǎn)品的具體判定指標(biāo)數(shù)值會(huì)有差異。例如：不同類(lèi)型的防火門(mén)，根據(jù)其使用場(chǎng)景和防火要求的不同，在完整性、隔熱性方面的具體溫度限值和時(shí)間要求會(huì)有所差異。一般建筑用的甲級(jí)防火門(mén)要求耐火極限達(dá)到1.5小時(shí)，在這1.5小時(shí)內(nèi)背火面的溫度升高值等指標(biāo)要符合相應(yīng)的嚴(yán)格規(guī)定；而一些特殊場(chǎng)所使用的防火門(mén)，可能耐火極限要求更高，相關(guān)指標(biāo)也會(huì)更嚴(yán)格。測(cè)試條件差異：不同產(chǎn)品在試驗(yàn)時(shí)的加載方式、加熱條件等可能會(huì)根據(jù)產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)有所調(diào)整。例如：對(duì)于墻體試件和樓板試件，加載方式就會(huì)不同，墻體可能主要考慮水平方向的推力和壓力，而樓板主要考慮垂直方向的均布荷載。此外，一些特殊產(chǎn)品可能需要在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)加熱條件的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行適當(dāng)修改，以更準(zhǔn)確地模擬其在實(shí)際火災(zāi)中的工況。合格判定的側(cè)重點(diǎn)：不同產(chǎn)品由于其在建筑中的功能不同，合格判定的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也有所不同。例如：防火卷簾的判定可能更側(cè)重于完整性和快速響應(yīng)性能，在火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)能夠迅速下落并阻止火勢(shì)蔓延；而對(duì)于一些隔熱材料，隔熱性則是最為關(guān)鍵的判定因素，其結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性的要求相對(duì)較低。判定依據(jù)：失去完整性：當(dāng)棉墊被點(diǎn)燃或者背火面燃燒達(dá)10秒鐘以上時(shí)，被認(rèn)為試件失去完整性；測(cè)試過(guò)程中，6mm直徑的探棒可穿過(guò)裂縫進(jìn)入爐內(nèi)且探棒可沿裂縫長(zhǎng)度方向不小于150mm；直徑25mm的探棒可穿過(guò)裂縫進(jìn)入爐內(nèi)時(shí)，則被認(rèn)為試件失去完整性。失去隔熱性：試件背火面的平均溫升超過(guò)試件表面初始平均溫度140℃或者背火面在任何一點(diǎn)的溫升超過(guò)該點(diǎn)初始溫度180℃時(shí)，則被認(rèn)為試件失去隔熱性。失去承重性：在試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中試件發(fā)生垮塌；或梁板構(gòu)件的最大撓度、柱構(gòu)件的軸向變形、柱構(gòu)件的軸向變形速率超過(guò)規(guī)定值時(shí)，則被認(rèn)為試件失去承重性。AnalysisofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweendifferentproductsinapplyingforASTME119fireresistancetestTheAmericanstandardASTME119isusedtodeterminethefireresistanceperformanceofvariousbuildingstructures.Differentproductsanddifferentuseshavesimilaritiesanddifferencesinthebasisfordetermination.Similarities:Basicindicatorsarethesame:Basicindicatorsincludeintegrityandthermalinsulation.Fireresistanceintegrity:Understandardfireresistancetestconditions,theabilityofbuildingpartitioncomponentstopreventflamesandhotairfrompenetratingorflamesfromappearingontheback-firesideforacertainperiodoftimewhenonesideisexposedtofire.Fireresistancethermalinsulation:Understandardfireresistancetestconditions,theabilityofbuildingpartitioncomponentstopreventtheback-firesidetemperaturefromexceedingthespecifiedvalueforacertainperiodoftimewhenonesideisexposedtofire.Nomatterwhatkindofstructuralcomponentitis,itneedstobeevaluatedfrombasicaspectssuchasintegrityandthermalinsulationperformance.Forexample:Whetheritisafiredoor,firewall,ceilingorotherbuildingcomponent,itisnecessarytoexaminewhethertherearepenetratingcracksorotherphenomenathataffectintegrityduringthetest,andtheback-firesidetemperaturemustbemeasuredtodeterminethethermalinsulation.Differences:Specificindexvalues:Thespecificindexvaluesofdifferentproductsmayvary.Forexample:Differenttypesoffiredoorshavedifferentspecifictemperaturelimitsandtimerequirementsintermsofintegrityandthermalinsulation,dependingontheirusagescenariosandfireprotectionrequirements.TheClassAfiredoorsusedingeneralbuildingsrequireafireresistancelimitof1.5hours,andthetemperaturerisevalueoftheback-firesurfacewithin1.5hoursmustmeetthecorrespondingstrictregulations;whilethefiredoorsusedinsomespecialplacesmayhavehigherfireresistancerequirementsandmorestringentrelatedindicators.Differencesintestconditions:Theloadingmethodandheatingconditionsofdifferentproductsduringthetestmaybeadjustedaccordingtothecharacteristicsoftheproducts.Forexample:Forwallspecimensandfloorspecimens,theloadingmethodwillbedifferent.Thewallmaymainlyconsiderthethrustandpressureinthehorizontaldirection,whilethefloormainlyconsiderstheuniformlydistributedloadintheverticaldirection.Inaddition,somespecialproductsmayneedtobeappropriatelymodifiedbasedonthestandardheatingconditionstomoreaccuratelysimulatetheirworkingconditionsinactualfires.Emphasisofqualificationjudgment:Duetothedifferentfunctionsofdifferentproductsinbuildings,theemphasisofqualificationjudgmentisalsodifferent.Forexample:Thejudgmentoffireproofrollershuttersmayfocusmoreonintegrityandrapidresponseperformance,andbeabletofallquicklyandpreventthespreadoffirewhenafireoccurs;whileforsomethermalinsulationmaterials,thermalinsulationisthemostcriticaljudgmentfactor,andtherequirementsforstructuralstabilityarerelativelylow.Judgmentbasis:Lossofintegrity:Whenthecottonpadisignitedortheback-firesurfaceburnsformorethan10seconds,thespecimenisconsideredtohavelostitsintegrity;Duringthetest,a6mmdiameterprobecanpassthroughthecrackintothefurnaceandtheprobecanbenolessthan150mmalongthelengthofthecrack;Whena25mmdiameterprobecanpassthroughthecrackintothefurnace,thespecimenisconsideredtohavelostitsintegrity.Lossofthermalinsulation:Whentheaveragetemperatureriseoftheback-firesurfaceofthespecimenexceedstheinitialaveragetemperatureofthespecimensurfaceby140℃orthetemperatureriseoftheback-firesurfaceatanypointexceedstheinitialtemperatureofthepointby180℃,thespecimenisconsideredtohavelostitsthermalinsulation.Lossofload-bearingcapacity:Whenthespecimencollapsesduringthe