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難點(diǎn)1并非只表抽象的抽象名詞

抽象名詞一般看作不可數(shù)名詞,但有時(shí)也可與冠詞連用,表示具體化。

?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)

1.(★★★★★)Jumpingoutofairplaneattenthousandfeetisquite__excitingexperience.

(NMET2002)A.不填;theB.不填;anC.an;anD.the;the

2.(★★★★★)ManypeopleagreethatknowledgeofEnglishismustininternational

tradetoday.A.a;aB.the;anC.the;theD.不填;the

3.(★★★★★)Onewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsistogaingoodknowledge

ofbasicwordinformation.(_hW2002)A./B.theC.aD.one

4.(★★★★)一Ihearthatasmanyas150peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.

—Yes,newscameasshocktous.A.the;theB.the;aC.不填;不填D.不填;a

5.(★★★★)■hasgreatinterestinhistory,especiallyinhistoryofTangDynasty.

A.a;theB.a;/C./;theD./;a

?案例探究

l.FormanyBeijingers,dreamsoflivingin_greenareaarebecomingreality.

A.a;aB.the;theC.不填;不填D.the;不填

命題意圖:表面看本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)冠詞的用法,其實(shí)也考查了學(xué)生對(duì)抽象名詞具體化的掌

握,屬于五星級(jí)題目。

知識(shí)依托:抽象名詞并非都作不可數(shù)名詞。

錯(cuò)解分析:D選項(xiàng)迷惑性較大,許多同學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為reality為抽象名詞,不能用a。

解題方法與技巧:抽象名詞或物質(zhì)名詞前或后加上表示性質(zhì)類(lèi)別的修飾詞,指概念的“一

種”“一類(lèi)”“一次”等時(shí),可用不定冠詞,例如:Physicsisascience.答案:A

2.Thepolicehavepowertoarrestbadpeoplebylaw.

A.the;theB.a;aC.the;不填D.不填;the

命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)抽象名詞具體化的理解,屬于四星級(jí)題目。

知識(shí)依托:定冠詞與抽象名詞連用,特指雙方都了解的人或事。

錯(cuò)解分析:許多學(xué)生會(huì)認(rèn)為D正確,認(rèn)為power是抽象名詞,故不能用冠詞。

解題方法與技巧:toarrestbadpeople是power的定語(yǔ),故此處用the表示特指。

答案:C

?錦囊妙計(jì)

1.不定冠詞與抽象名詞連用表示:

①一種、一場(chǎng)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作的一次、一番。例如:Itwasawar,havealook,haveatryo

②某一品質(zhì)的具體行動(dòng)。例如:Thankyou,Tim.Youhavedonemeakindness.

③引起某種情緒的事。例如:It'sapleasuretoworkwithyou.It,sapitythatyoucan'tswim.

2.定冠詞與抽象名詞連用,特指某時(shí)、某?次的行動(dòng)或情緒,或說(shuō)話(huà)的雙方都了解的人或事。

3.注意:有些詞組中,有沒(méi)有冠詞含義是不同的。試比較:

?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

1.(★★★★meis(help)tome.

2.(★★★★)Nowadaysmanyyoungpeoplegetintohabitofsmokinginpublicand

can'tkickit.A.the;theB./;/C./;theD.the;/

3.(★★★★★)Thenewsisspreadingfrommouthtomouth.

-Yes,it'sbecometalkoftown.A.a;aB.the;/C.the;theD.a;/

faceoffailure,itisthemostimportanttokeepupgood

stateofmind.A./;aB.a;/C.the;/D./;the

5.(★★★★★)HavingreceivedtrainingoftheMs.Company,hewas

offeredimportantpositioninmanagement.A.the;anB.不填;anC.the;不填D.a;a

6."★★★★)1!!SaharaDesert,rainwasscarce,butinmyhometownthere

isheavyrainnowandthen,andtheriveraroundthetownrisesalotafter.

A.the;the;a;aheavyrainB.the;/;a;heavyrainsCJ;/;/;aheavyrainD.the;the;a;hea\yrains

7.(★★★★)ThebuildingwascompletedinSeptemberof1956not

inOctober,!955.A./;theB.the;theC./;/D.the;/

難點(diǎn)30時(shí)隱時(shí)現(xiàn)的介詞

介詞是短文改錯(cuò)中的一大考點(diǎn),而介詞又是難掌握的一種詞類(lèi)。大多數(shù)介詞都有多種用法,如

介詞at;不同的介詞還可能有相似的用法如inthemorning,onMondaymorning等,而且介詞的

位置,介詞和副詞的區(qū)別,以及介詞與連詞的連用等都是學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)也是高考中考查的熱點(diǎn)。

?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)

1.(★★★★★)Eveningcamedown.Wespentthenightinahotelatthetopofthemountain.

83.(NMET2002)

2.(★★★★)Iwon'tbeabletocomein由istime.87.(2000春季)

3.(夫大*大*2匕practiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.

87.________

4(★★★★★)Newly-publishednovelsarealwaysingreatdemand,andsomebooks,forexample,

booksforhistory.88.

5.(★★★★★)Thewildbeasttooknonoticeofherandwentintothebedroomwhichhefellasleep

onthecarpet.84.(2002年模擬題)

?案例探究

1.1wassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.

(NMET2002)

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。去掉at。themoment在此相當(dāng)于assoonas,theinstant,immediately。

譯為“就",為連詞;atthemoment是介詞短語(yǔ),意思是“此時(shí)此刻

e.g.AtthemomentImissedmyteacherverymuch.

Herecognizedmethemoment\theinstant\immediately\assoonashesawme.

2.Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.(NMET1998)

解析:此題為四星級(jí)題。在ourselves前加of,此題意在考查instead與insteadof的區(qū)別。instead

后加。f,譯為“而不是";instead是副詞,應(yīng)放在句后譯為“而是二

e.g.HeisgoingtoShanghaiinsteadofBeijing.

HeisnotgoingtoBeijing.HeisgoingtoShanghaiinstead.

3….butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。去掉介詞about0因?yàn)閠alk為不及物動(dòng)詞,跟賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)加介詞。而此句

talk后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),together是狀語(yǔ),所以about應(yīng)去掉;此題另一種改法也可在aboul后加it。

4.Mostofthelargecitiesintheworldhavegrownwithoutplans,whichLondonisasuchone.

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。在which之前力口among.which引導(dǎo)了非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為

thelargestcities,所以定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)為:Londonisasuchoneamongmostofthelargestcities.占攵應(yīng)在

which之前加介詞amongo

e.g.Heboughtacomputer,forwhichhepaid5000yuan.

Inthedistancetherearealotofstudents,oneofwhomisanoldfriendofmine.

?錦囊妙計(jì)

考慮介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或不及物動(dòng)詞后缺介詞;英語(yǔ)

中的固定句型及固定搭配。

?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

1.Hefoundabookespeciallyusefulduringtheperiodofwaiting:waitingmeals,buses,??

2.Tomysurprise,1suddenlyrealizethatthejoyoflivingdoesnotcomefromwhatwesearchinlife

butcomesfromwhatweputintolife.

3.OnedayoneofhisfriendslosthiswalletandaskedforMarkTwaintobuyarailwayticketforhim.

4.Nowseveralmonthslater.Istillhadn,tfoundthejobthatIwasinterested.

5.Heservesforpeopleheartandsoul.

6.Inside,hefoundanelderlyladyinwhoseeyesightwasfailing.

7.Later,hepersuadedthemtosendhimtoPariswhichhestudiedforfiveyears.

8.InmostAsia,itispossibletobargainforagoodpricewithsmallstoreowner.

9.Youwillprobablyalsohavetopayforataletax.

難點(diǎn)31難以捉摸的冠詞

冠詞是英語(yǔ)中的特有的詞類(lèi)。由于漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有與之對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,學(xué)生對(duì)其用法感到難以掌握,所

以高考英語(yǔ)在短文改錯(cuò)中對(duì)冠詞的考查幾乎年年都有。

?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)

1.(★★★★)r11takethischancetowishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.

89.(2000春季高考)

2.(★★★★)Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.

91.(NMET2000)

3.(★★★★★)WhenIwasachild,therainwasamystery.

90.(2001春季高考)

4.(★★★★)Wemaybeonfamilyandliveunderasameroof.

82.(NMET2001)

5.(★★★★★)Aseveryoneknows,iCsfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.

76.(NMET2002)

?案例探究

1.Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。captain前面加the。如chairman,captain,monitor.manager這類(lèi)表示職

位的名詞,前面一般為零冠詞,但如果這類(lèi)職務(wù)指的是某人,前面要用定冠詞。

e.g.Weelectedhimmonitor.Heisthemonitorofourclass.

2.1wasabouttorushoutofthetrainstationwhenawell-dressedoldmantookmebymyarm.

解析:此題為四星級(jí)題。把my改成the。takesb.bythehandWarm為固定搭配。在固定句型

hitsb.intheface,strikesb.onthehead,takesb.bythearm等中,身體各部位前一定用定冠詞the。

3.Goodhealthisperson'smostvaluablepossession.

解析:此題為四星級(jí)題。在person's前加a。person是可數(shù)名詞,又是第一次提到,單數(shù)前

應(yīng)加不定冠詞。

Aperson一個(gè)人;people為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,但Chineseisakindandhard-workingpeople,man作人類(lèi)

(mankind)講時(shí),不加冠詞;但加冠詞后,就變成具體的某個(gè)人了。

e.g.man'sknowledgeofthingsisdeveloping.

4.Modernpeopleknowmorethanaboutthehealth.

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。去掉the。health是抽象名詞,又是不可數(shù)名詞,故不可用定冠詞。抽

象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),前面通常不用冠詞,但特指時(shí),則須用定冠詞;如果表示

一個(gè)具體情況或動(dòng)作或某一物質(zhì)時(shí),前面可用不定冠詞。

e.g.SendinganothersatellitesisabibsuccessforChina.

It'sagreatjoytolivewithallmyoldclassmates.Whataheavyrain!

5.AlexanderBrabomBellisconsideredtoinventedtelephonein1876.

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。telephone前加the。在討論科技問(wèn)題時(shí),定冠詞常和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連

用。在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前加the。

e.g.ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.

?錦囊妙計(jì)

不可數(shù)名詞泛指時(shí)前面多冠詞;單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前少冠詞;不定冠詞a,an與定冠詞的錯(cuò)誤使用;

固定搭配中的冠詞錯(cuò)誤等等為高考常見(jiàn)的考點(diǎn)。

?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

I.(★★★★),?,whilesweepingtheroom,shesawlittlemouserunningacrossherfloor.

2.(★★★)Wfethinkitbridgetothefriendshipbetweenusandthepeoplethroughouttheoutsidetheworld.

3.(★★★★)AfterIfinishedtheschoolthisyear,1begantolookforwork.

4.(★★★★)LastsummerIspentatwo-weekvacationatmyaunt's.

5.(★★★★★)Withsmile,theteacherdrewtwocircles.

6.(★★★★)Bobwasveryfondofthemusicwhenhewasachild.

7.(★★★★★)Michalewaswalkingalongthestreetotherday.

8.(★★★★★)Besidesmyworkattheoffice,onlythingthatinterestsmeislisteningtomusic.

9.(★★★)Onepieceofclothwasblack,andotherpiecewaswhite.

難點(diǎn)32需要擺平的平行結(jié)構(gòu)

在表達(dá)相互平行的概念時(shí),要使用相同的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),擺平平行結(jié)構(gòu)是高考短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)頻率

較高的考查形式。

?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)

1.(★★★★'weclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.

80.(NMET2002)

rememberedherwordsandcalmdown.

93.(NMET2000)

3.(★★★★★)【willspendthewholeweekendreadingandprepareforit.

86.(2000春季)

4.(★★★★★)Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseof

fairplayandteamspirit.90.

5.(★★★★★)Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfindandtoliveincleaner

surroundings.84.

?案例探究

l.Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.(NMET1996)

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。drove改成driveo因?yàn)閠omeet,--andtodrive是平行結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)在句

中作主語(yǔ)。drive可以視為省略了to。

e.g.ItisdifficultforhimtospeakEnglishandcommunicatewithothersinEnglish.

2.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthanfinishquickly.

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。在finish前加to。tofinishquickly與toanswerquickly是不定式的平

行結(jié)構(gòu)oe.g.Tosayiseasierthantodo.

3.Inmanyways,ridingabicycleisasimilartodriveacar.

解析:此題為四星級(jí)題。drive改為driving,riding與driving為動(dòng)名詞的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

4.Psychologytodayisinteresting;informativeandeasilytoread.

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。easily改為rmativeandeasy為形容詞的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。

e.g.Wemustsolvethisprobleminacorrectandfriendlyway.

5.Notonlydoreadersfindthebookuseful,italsohelpedJiangtolearnmore.

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。do改為did。因?yàn)閚otonly…butalso…連接兩個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)find和help,

都為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。notonly置與句首,應(yīng)該倒裝,借助于助動(dòng)詞did。

?錦囊妙計(jì)

??紤]:

1.動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞平行、形容詞與形容詞平行、分詞與分詞平行、不定式與不定式平行、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)平行。

2.平行結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常借助于并列連詞and,but,or或連詞詞組notonly-butalso…,not…but…,either-??

or???,neither…nor…,aswellas等。

?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

1.TheIndiansoftheSouthwesternUnitedStatesarefamousfortheirbeautifulartwork,especially

handmadejewelrycastinsilver,carvedoutofstones,ordecoratewithbeadsandfeathers.

2.Godowntotheshopandtobuyamouse-trap,butdon'ttellanyonewhatitisfor!

3.She'sfamousnotonlyintheUnitedStatesbutalsoonabroad.

4.Thefullpreparationsifyoumake,thesurerofsuccessyou'11certainlybe.

5.Aseeing-eyedogisaspecialdogthathelpsblindpeoplewalkalongthestreetsanddoingmany

otherthings.

6.Dayafterdayweseeitslightandfeelitswarm.

7.Hesaiditwasbesttostayuntilhelparrivedratherthantogointotheforestandgetlost.

8.CharlesandLindaMasondoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuilding.

9.MichaelandJackwenttothesameschoolandthenthesameuniversity.

10.Inmanycountriespeopleputnoticesinnewspapersiftheyaretryingtogetinformationorfinding

ahouseandtheroomsthattheycanlivein???

難點(diǎn)33一致現(xiàn)象不可忽視

?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)

1.(★★★★)LastweekmyparentsandItookatwo-daytriptoEmeiMountaininSichuan.Thethree

ofthemwereveryexcited.79.(NMET2002)

usedtolovescienceclass一allofthem一biology,chemistry,geography,physics.

86.(2001春季)

thenthereisalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.92.(NMET2001春季)

4.(★★★★)Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.94.(NMET2000)

5.(★★★★★)1amhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalotoftimearguing-?,

92.(NMET1999)

?案例探究

l.rdlikeverymuchtocomebutIhadanexaminationonMondaymorning.(NMET2000春季)

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題??疾闀r(shí)態(tài)一致。had改為haveo動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)保持一

致。根據(jù)全文時(shí)態(tài),此句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以had應(yīng)為have。

2.Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.(NMET1999)

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題??疾榇~上下文指代?致。someone改為everyone或everybody。本

文意思是:既然電視機(jī)賣(mài)了,全家每個(gè)人都沒(méi)法看了,現(xiàn)在都改成讀書(shū)了。根據(jù)代詞指代內(nèi)容

要與指代的意義上一致的原則,這里指代的是家里的每一個(gè)人即:everyoneWeverybody。

3.Aseeing-eyedogisaspecialdogthathelpblindpeoplewalkalongthestreetsanddoingmanyotherthings.

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。此題考查代詞所指代的內(nèi)容要與該先行詞保持一致的原則。Aspecialdog

是先行詞,that指代aspecialdog,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),所以help應(yīng)與先行詞在數(shù)上保持一致。

help改為helpso

e.g.HeisoneofthestudentswhohavebeentotheGreatWallinhisclass.

HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheGreatWallinhisclass.

4.Dad,aswellasMomandI,arewithyou.

解析:此題為四星級(jí)題。此題考查主謂?致原則。aswellas連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前

面的主語(yǔ)一致。are改為is。

e.g.Tomaswellastwoofhisstudentswasinvitedtotheparty.

Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikesthepaintings.

aswellas,togetherwith,with,like,but,except.including等介詞短語(yǔ)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),其保持一致

原則是與其前的主語(yǔ)一致。

5.I'dliketoyourpenfriend...

解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)主謂一致的原則。to后加be。該句中l(wèi)ike是及

物動(dòng)詞,意為“想要”。通常用wouldliketodo的形式,是一種比較委婉客氣的說(shuō)法。如:I'

dliketogotherealone.本題題意:我想做你的筆友。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,I'dliketo后缺動(dòng)詞,從意

義上判斷應(yīng)是be或become。所以,應(yīng)在like之后加上動(dòng)詞be或become。

?錦囊妙計(jì)

短文改錯(cuò)中所涉及到的一致關(guān)系主要包括主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致、代詞指代一致。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、

復(fù)數(shù)形式要與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致;動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致;代詞所

指代的內(nèi)容要與該先行詞在詞性和數(shù)方面保持一致,要與其自身的指代在意義上保持一致。

?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

1.(★★★)TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.

2.Myfavouritesportisfootball.Iwasmemberofourschoolfootballteam.

3.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.

4.Mr.andMrs.Smithandherchildrenweregoingtospendtheirholidays.

5.HowIhopedthatIwillgothroughthejob-huntingtalktodayandhe???

6.Assoonasthetrainstopped,everybodycametolife.takingtheirbagandrushingintotheplatform.

7.Itistruethatpeopleofdifferentageunderstandmusicdifferentlyandenjoydifferentlymusic.

8.Thefamiliarpatternsofnotesattractsmeintothecolourfulworldofmusic.

9.Likemostofgrown-ups,sheenjoysfolksongs,becausethepeacefulmusicremindsheroftheir

beautifullifewhenshewasyoung.

難點(diǎn)2冠詞的非前位用法

限定語(yǔ)與所修飾的中心名詞的關(guān)系一般順序是:冠詞+表示大小尺寸的限定詞+表示顏色的限定

詞+表示原材料的限定詞+中心名詞。但在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中,冠詞放在了形容詞之后。

?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)

1.(★★★★)一Whataboutbook?—It'stoodifficultbook.

A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.the;a

2.(★★★★★)Beijingyouseetodayisquitedifferentcityfromwhatitusedtobe.

A.The;不填B.The;aC.不填;theD.A;a

?案例探究

1.Peterwon'tdriveustothestation.Hehastotakeusall.

A.averysmallcarB.toosmallacarC.atoosmallcarD.suchasmallcar

命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)冠詞不放在第一位的固定結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握,屬于四星級(jí)題目。

知識(shí)依托:不定冠詞放在too+形容詞之后。

撒吩析:C妙的^學(xué)生都學(xué)iltcma型adv.+to…犧,ton-adj.+n.包…締勾信蟋。

解題方法與技巧:名詞前修飾語(yǔ)一般正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋翰欢ü谠~+形容詞+名詞。但有些固定結(jié)構(gòu)需

注意,如too+adj.+a/an+n.0答案:B

2.Exerciseisasanyothertoloseunwantedweight.

A.sousefulawayB.asausefulwayC.asusefulawayD.suchausefulway

命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)冠詞不放在第一位的固定結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握,屬五星級(jí)題目。

知識(shí)依托:不定冠詞放在as+形容詞之后。

錯(cuò)解分析:A、B迷惑性較大,so…as結(jié)構(gòu)常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句,故不能選A、B。

解題方法與技巧:名詞前修飾語(yǔ)正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋翰欢ü谠~+形容詞+名詞,但有些固定結(jié)構(gòu)需注意,

如:as+adj.+a/an+n.答案:C

?錦囊妙計(jì)

1.不定冠詞用在quite,rather,many,half,what,much等詞之后。例如:

Heisratherafool.—Whatdidyouthinkoftheconcert?—Oh,itwasquiteasuccess.

2.不定冠詞用在so(as,too,how)+形容詞之后。

例如:Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.Itstoodifficultabookforustoread.

注意:以元音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞前加不定冠詞時(shí)用“an”。例如:anapple。

即使單詞拼寫(xiě)以輔音字母開(kāi)頭,但該詞的讀音是元音音素開(kāi)頭,加不定冠詞時(shí)也要用“an”,例

如:anhour,anhonestboy;反之,拼寫(xiě)以元音字母開(kāi)頭,但讀音是輔音,加不定冠詞時(shí)要用

"a",例如:auniversity。

3.so…that與such,,,that:

函…that和such…that都作“如此?,?…以致”解,that引播果狀語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)句型如"so

②such…that和so…that有時(shí)可以換用,條件是such所修飾的名詞必須是?個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,且該

名詞還帶有表性質(zhì)的形容詞。轉(zhuǎn)變公式如卜.:sucha/an+形容詞+名詞fso+形容詞+a/an+名詞。

例如:Heissuchagoodstudentthatwealllikehim.—Heissogoodastudentthatwealllikehim。

但是,如果是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,則只能用such,不能用so修飾。

例如:Itwassuchbadweatherthathehadtostayathome。

⑨?果第蛤詞前有many,few,不口J數(shù)名詞前有much,little量的形#詞時(shí),應(yīng)i嫻so而5用such。

如:I'vehadsomanyfallsthatI'mblackandblueallover.

MrWhitegotsolittlemoneyamonththathecouldhardlykeepbodyandsoultogether(維持生活)。

但little不表示數(shù)量而表示“小”的意思時(shí),仍用such。

例如:Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthattheycannotcleanthehousebythemselves.

?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

】.(★★★★*□!!isgirl.A.quiteabrightB.aquitebright

2.(★★★★).『sday.A.arathercoldB.ratheracoldC.acoldrather

3.(★★★★★)ishere.A.ManyaboyB.Manyboys

4.(★★★★)多么聰明的一個(gè)男孩。

5.(^^^^)Englishistotheworldasotherlanguages.

A.sousefulabridgeB.asausefulbridgeC.asusefulabridgeD.suchausefulbridge

難點(diǎn)6定語(yǔ)從句解題的黃金規(guī)律

先行詞、關(guān)系代(副)詞的句法功能

在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)

從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞

和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。

?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)

1.(★★★★)一IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

—Isthatthereasonyouhadafewdaysoff?

A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

(NMET1999)

2.(^^^^^)Meetingmyuncleafterallthesewasanunforgettablemoment,Iwill

alwaystreasure.

A.thatB.oneC.itD.what

(NMET2002)

3.('AF'*,★'Ar)Alecaskedthepolicemanheworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewas

anaccident.(_tW2002)

A.withhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom

4.(★★★★)There?safeelinginmewe'11neverknowwhataUFOis.

A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what(上海2002)

5.(★★★★)Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museum,andsomeother

places,othervisitorsseldomgo.

A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when

&.(★★★★)AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownhegrew

upasachild.

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when

(NMET1996)

7.(★★★★★)CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,personallyIdoubtvery

much.

A.itB.thatC.whenD.which

(NMET1999)

8.(★★★★★)Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,of

course,madetheothersunhappy.

A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what

(NMET2000)

?案例探究

l.ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomeIwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-away

village.

A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where

(NMET2001)

命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的掌握,屬于五星級(jí)題目。

知識(shí)依托:先行詞是表示時(shí)間的詞,從句中缺少狀語(yǔ),通常用關(guān)系副詞when。

錯(cuò)解分析:本題有一定難度,主要是由于在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間有其他的詞。

解題方法與技巧:首先要找準(zhǔn)先行詞,先行詞hours表示的是時(shí)間,當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間

的詞時(shí),可能有2種情況:如果從句中缺少狀語(yǔ),通常用關(guān)系副詞when,如題;如果在從句中

缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),通常用關(guān)系代詞that或which。

答案:C

2_isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

(NMET2001)

命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞as的用法。屬于五星級(jí)題目。

知識(shí)依托:as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

錯(cuò)解分析:A項(xiàng)迷惑性較大。但it是形式主語(yǔ),后應(yīng)用that從句作真正主語(yǔ)。如:It'sknown

toeverybodythatIhemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonlh.

解題方法與技巧:根據(jù)題干的逗號(hào)可以判斷,空缺處應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞as,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)

從句。在這種用法中,as的意思是“正像”“像”“那樣”,定語(yǔ)從句則表達(dá)了說(shuō)話(huà)人的對(duì)某事

的態(tài)度和看法。

答案:B

?錦囊妙計(jì)

1.由who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:這類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句中,who用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓

語(yǔ),whose用作定語(yǔ)。例如:

Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.

Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.

DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?

2.which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:which在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如:

Thisisthebookwhichyouwant.

Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheriverisourschool.

Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.

3.由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:thal在定語(yǔ)從句中可以指人或物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或

介詞的賓語(yǔ)。(但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語(yǔ)?)例如:

TheletterthatIreceivedwasfrommyfather.

注意在下面幾種情況下必須用that而不用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句:

①先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。例如:Allthatwehave

todoistopractiseeveryday.

②先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾。例如:ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbe

forgotten.ThisisthebestfilmI'veeverseen.

③先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾。例如:Ihavereadallthe

books(that)yougaveme.

④先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí),例如:Heistheonlypersonthat/(who)I

wanttotalkto.

⑤先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),例如:Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.

⑥當(dāng)句中已有who時(shí),為避免重復(fù)。例如:WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?

⑦用作關(guān)系代詞,修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞如day,time,moment等,代替when。例如:Ithappened

onthedaythat/whenIwasborn.

⑧如有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞已用,則另一個(gè)用that。例如:Edisonbuiltupafactory

whichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

4.山when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。例如:

Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.

Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.

IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiu.

注意:先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間時(shí),有時(shí)用where或when,有時(shí)用that(which)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從

句,這時(shí)要根據(jù)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否則

用where或when。例如:

Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.

Thisisthehousethat(which)hevisitedlastyear.

IthoughtofthehappydayswhenIstayedinBeijing.

Ihaveneverforgottenthedaywhichwespenttogether.

5.限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句:

①限定性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分,主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),引導(dǎo)非限

定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等,這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略;

②非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,沒(méi)有這種從句不影響主句意思的完整,

一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)。關(guān)系代詞用which,不用that;指人時(shí)可用who,例如:

Ihavetwosisters,whoarebothstudents.

Crusoe'sdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.

6.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:

①as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ),構(gòu)

成thesame…as,such…as等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.(as作賓語(yǔ))

Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.(as作狀語(yǔ))

Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.(as作賓語(yǔ));

②as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整

個(gè)句子,可以放在主句之前。例如:

Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.(as代衣整個(gè)句子,作賓語(yǔ))

Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass,(as代表整個(gè)句子,作主語(yǔ))

常用的這種類(lèi)似插入語(yǔ)的句式有asissaidabove,asisalreadymentionedabove,asisknownto

all,asitis,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper等。

注意:①關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致;

②關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that在限定性定語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),而該介詞又位于從句末

尾時(shí),經(jīng)常省略,但as?般不省略;③關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別是:which不

能放在句首,而as則可以;在句中時(shí),as有“正如”“就像”之意,而which則沒(méi)有此意。

?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

1.(★★★★★)!?thishotelyousaidweweretostayinyourletter.

A.whereB.whichC.inthatD.inwhich

2.(ikr^iAr^)Thewrongyou'vedonehimisterrible,foryoushouldmakeanapologyto

him,Ithink.

A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that

3人十去十夫川巳playedinthegardentillsunset,itbegantorain.

A.whenB.afterC.whileD.then

dlikeacarfrontlightsarebigandround.

A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.what

5.(★★★★)WhoMovedMyChinese?w,isabest-sellingbook,iswrittenbySpencer

Johnson.

A.whichB.thatC.itD.what

6.(十★★★★)1§thereashoparoundIcangetapackofcigarette?

A.whichB.whereC.thatD.what

7.(★★★★)Anotherunmannedspacecraft“ShenzhouH”,Chinagreetsthe21st

century,marksnewprogressinthecenturyJsspaceprogram.

A.forwhichB.fromwhichC.inwhichD.withwhich

8.(T^ik^^)Beijinggovernmentputsmorethan700millionyuantoincreaseitsgreenspace

thisyear,doublesthemoneyprovidedlastyear.

A.asB.whileC.thatD.which

^(★★★★)Thatpassengerwasveryimpolitetotheconductor,ofcourse,madethings

evenworse.

A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which

1().(★★★★)Helenismuchmorekindtoheryoungestchildthantotheothers,of

course,makestheothersunhappy.

A.whoB.whichC.sheD.that

”.(★★★★★)1'11neverforgetthedaysIlivedinthecountrywiththe

farmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.

A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who

時(shí).(★★★★★)Davidgetsupearlyandtakesawalkinthemorning,isusualwithhim.

A.asB.thatC.whatD.such

難點(diǎn)7特殊反意疑問(wèn)句之特殊解法

反意疑問(wèn)句分以下兩種情況:前部分陳述如果用肯定形式,后部分則用否定形式;如

果前部分用否定形式,后部分則用肯定形式。

?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)

1.(★★★★)■hadlittleideathatitwasgettingsolate,?

A.didn'theB.wasn'titC.didheD.wasit

2.(^^^iAriAr)Mrs.Blackdoesn'tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,?

A.isheB.isn'theC.doesn'tsheD.doesshe

3.(ikr^iAr^^)Youmustn'tspeaktoyourmotherlikethat,you?

A.shouldB.mayC.mustD.dare

?案例探究

l.M:yougotintouchwithMr.Smith?

W:Throughafriendofmine.

A:ItwashowthatB:Howwasit

C:HowwasitthatD:Wasithowthat

命題意圖:考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型轉(zhuǎn)換為特殊疑問(wèn)句,屬于四星級(jí)題目。

知識(shí)依托:“Itis/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其余部分”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。

錯(cuò)解分析:很多同學(xué)沒(méi)有搞清楚題意,看不懂。其實(shí)首先句子應(yīng)是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,然后

對(duì)句子進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。

解題方法與技巧:先把句子還原為肯定句:ItwasthroughafriendofminethatIgotin

touchwithMrSmith。然后對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn),即是:HowwasitthatyougotintouchwithMr

Smith?

答案:C

2.1don'tthinkMaryandSuebefore,?

A.havemel;haven'ttheyB.haveseen;haveI

C.havemet;havetheyD.haveseen;don'tthey

命題意圖:本題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的掌握,屬于五星級(jí)題目。

知識(shí)依托:否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子對(duì)從句進(jìn)行反問(wèn)。

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