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難點(diǎn)1并非只表抽象的抽象名詞
抽象名詞一般看作不可數(shù)名詞,但有時(shí)也可與冠詞連用,表示具體化。
?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)
1.(★★★★★)Jumpingoutofairplaneattenthousandfeetisquite__excitingexperience.
(NMET2002)A.不填;theB.不填;anC.an;anD.the;the
2.(★★★★★)ManypeopleagreethatknowledgeofEnglishismustininternational
tradetoday.A.a;aB.the;anC.the;theD.不填;the
3.(★★★★★)Onewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsistogaingoodknowledge
ofbasicwordinformation.(_hW2002)A./B.theC.aD.one
4.(★★★★)一Ihearthatasmanyas150peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.
—Yes,newscameasshocktous.A.the;theB.the;aC.不填;不填D.不填;a
5.(★★★★)■hasgreatinterestinhistory,especiallyinhistoryofTangDynasty.
A.a;theB.a;/C./;theD./;a
?案例探究
l.FormanyBeijingers,dreamsoflivingin_greenareaarebecomingreality.
A.a;aB.the;theC.不填;不填D.the;不填
命題意圖:表面看本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)冠詞的用法,其實(shí)也考查了學(xué)生對(duì)抽象名詞具體化的掌
握,屬于五星級(jí)題目。
知識(shí)依托:抽象名詞并非都作不可數(shù)名詞。
錯(cuò)解分析:D選項(xiàng)迷惑性較大,許多同學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)為reality為抽象名詞,不能用a。
解題方法與技巧:抽象名詞或物質(zhì)名詞前或后加上表示性質(zhì)類(lèi)別的修飾詞,指概念的“一
種”“一類(lèi)”“一次”等時(shí),可用不定冠詞,例如:Physicsisascience.答案:A
2.Thepolicehavepowertoarrestbadpeoplebylaw.
A.the;theB.a;aC.the;不填D.不填;the
命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)抽象名詞具體化的理解,屬于四星級(jí)題目。
知識(shí)依托:定冠詞與抽象名詞連用,特指雙方都了解的人或事。
錯(cuò)解分析:許多學(xué)生會(huì)認(rèn)為D正確,認(rèn)為power是抽象名詞,故不能用冠詞。
解題方法與技巧:toarrestbadpeople是power的定語(yǔ),故此處用the表示特指。
答案:C
?錦囊妙計(jì)
1.不定冠詞與抽象名詞連用表示:
①一種、一場(chǎng)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作的一次、一番。例如:Itwasawar,havealook,haveatryo
②某一品質(zhì)的具體行動(dòng)。例如:Thankyou,Tim.Youhavedonemeakindness.
③引起某種情緒的事。例如:It'sapleasuretoworkwithyou.It,sapitythatyoucan'tswim.
2.定冠詞與抽象名詞連用,特指某時(shí)、某?次的行動(dòng)或情緒,或說(shuō)話(huà)的雙方都了解的人或事。
3.注意:有些詞組中,有沒(méi)有冠詞含義是不同的。試比較:
?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.(★★★★meis(help)tome.
2.(★★★★)Nowadaysmanyyoungpeoplegetintohabitofsmokinginpublicand
can'tkickit.A.the;theB./;/C./;theD.the;/
3.(★★★★★)Thenewsisspreadingfrommouthtomouth.
-Yes,it'sbecometalkoftown.A.a;aB.the;/C.the;theD.a;/
faceoffailure,itisthemostimportanttokeepupgood
stateofmind.A./;aB.a;/C.the;/D./;the
5.(★★★★★)HavingreceivedtrainingoftheMs.Company,hewas
offeredimportantpositioninmanagement.A.the;anB.不填;anC.the;不填D.a;a
6."★★★★)1!!SaharaDesert,rainwasscarce,butinmyhometownthere
isheavyrainnowandthen,andtheriveraroundthetownrisesalotafter.
A.the;the;a;aheavyrainB.the;/;a;heavyrainsCJ;/;/;aheavyrainD.the;the;a;hea\yrains
7.(★★★★)ThebuildingwascompletedinSeptemberof1956not
inOctober,!955.A./;theB.the;theC./;/D.the;/
難點(diǎn)30時(shí)隱時(shí)現(xiàn)的介詞
介詞是短文改錯(cuò)中的一大考點(diǎn),而介詞又是難掌握的一種詞類(lèi)。大多數(shù)介詞都有多種用法,如
介詞at;不同的介詞還可能有相似的用法如inthemorning,onMondaymorning等,而且介詞的
位置,介詞和副詞的區(qū)別,以及介詞與連詞的連用等都是學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)也是高考中考查的熱點(diǎn)。
?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)
1.(★★★★★)Eveningcamedown.Wespentthenightinahotelatthetopofthemountain.
83.(NMET2002)
2.(★★★★)Iwon'tbeabletocomein由istime.87.(2000春季)
3.(夫大*大*2匕practiseforthreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.
87.________
4(★★★★★)Newly-publishednovelsarealwaysingreatdemand,andsomebooks,forexample,
booksforhistory.88.
5.(★★★★★)Thewildbeasttooknonoticeofherandwentintothebedroomwhichhefellasleep
onthecarpet.84.(2002年模擬題)
?案例探究
1.1wassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.
(NMET2002)
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。去掉at。themoment在此相當(dāng)于assoonas,theinstant,immediately。
譯為“就",為連詞;atthemoment是介詞短語(yǔ),意思是“此時(shí)此刻
e.g.AtthemomentImissedmyteacherverymuch.
Herecognizedmethemoment\theinstant\immediately\assoonashesawme.
2.Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.(NMET1998)
解析:此題為四星級(jí)題。在ourselves前加of,此題意在考查instead與insteadof的區(qū)別。instead
后加。f,譯為“而不是";instead是副詞,應(yīng)放在句后譯為“而是二
e.g.HeisgoingtoShanghaiinsteadofBeijing.
HeisnotgoingtoBeijing.HeisgoingtoShanghaiinstead.
3….butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。去掉介詞about0因?yàn)閠alk為不及物動(dòng)詞,跟賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)加介詞。而此句
talk后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),together是狀語(yǔ),所以about應(yīng)去掉;此題另一種改法也可在aboul后加it。
4.Mostofthelargecitiesintheworldhavegrownwithoutplans,whichLondonisasuchone.
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。在which之前力口among.which引導(dǎo)了非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為
thelargestcities,所以定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)為:Londonisasuchoneamongmostofthelargestcities.占攵應(yīng)在
which之前加介詞amongo
e.g.Heboughtacomputer,forwhichhepaid5000yuan.
Inthedistancetherearealotofstudents,oneofwhomisanoldfriendofmine.
?錦囊妙計(jì)
考慮介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或不及物動(dòng)詞后缺介詞;英語(yǔ)
中的固定句型及固定搭配。
?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.Hefoundabookespeciallyusefulduringtheperiodofwaiting:waitingmeals,buses,??
2.Tomysurprise,1suddenlyrealizethatthejoyoflivingdoesnotcomefromwhatwesearchinlife
butcomesfromwhatweputintolife.
3.OnedayoneofhisfriendslosthiswalletandaskedforMarkTwaintobuyarailwayticketforhim.
4.Nowseveralmonthslater.Istillhadn,tfoundthejobthatIwasinterested.
5.Heservesforpeopleheartandsoul.
6.Inside,hefoundanelderlyladyinwhoseeyesightwasfailing.
7.Later,hepersuadedthemtosendhimtoPariswhichhestudiedforfiveyears.
8.InmostAsia,itispossibletobargainforagoodpricewithsmallstoreowner.
9.Youwillprobablyalsohavetopayforataletax.
難點(diǎn)31難以捉摸的冠詞
冠詞是英語(yǔ)中的特有的詞類(lèi)。由于漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有與之對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,學(xué)生對(duì)其用法感到難以掌握,所
以高考英語(yǔ)在短文改錯(cuò)中對(duì)冠詞的考查幾乎年年都有。
?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)
1.(★★★★)r11takethischancetowishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.
89.(2000春季高考)
2.(★★★★)Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.
91.(NMET2000)
3.(★★★★★)WhenIwasachild,therainwasamystery.
90.(2001春季高考)
4.(★★★★)Wemaybeonfamilyandliveunderasameroof.
82.(NMET2001)
5.(★★★★★)Aseveryoneknows,iCsfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.
76.(NMET2002)
?案例探究
1.Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。captain前面加the。如chairman,captain,monitor.manager這類(lèi)表示職
位的名詞,前面一般為零冠詞,但如果這類(lèi)職務(wù)指的是某人,前面要用定冠詞。
e.g.Weelectedhimmonitor.Heisthemonitorofourclass.
2.1wasabouttorushoutofthetrainstationwhenawell-dressedoldmantookmebymyarm.
解析:此題為四星級(jí)題。把my改成the。takesb.bythehandWarm為固定搭配。在固定句型
hitsb.intheface,strikesb.onthehead,takesb.bythearm等中,身體各部位前一定用定冠詞the。
3.Goodhealthisperson'smostvaluablepossession.
解析:此題為四星級(jí)題。在person's前加a。person是可數(shù)名詞,又是第一次提到,單數(shù)前
應(yīng)加不定冠詞。
Aperson一個(gè)人;people為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,但Chineseisakindandhard-workingpeople,man作人類(lèi)
(mankind)講時(shí),不加冠詞;但加冠詞后,就變成具體的某個(gè)人了。
e.g.man'sknowledgeofthingsisdeveloping.
4.Modernpeopleknowmorethanaboutthehealth.
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。去掉the。health是抽象名詞,又是不可數(shù)名詞,故不可用定冠詞。抽
象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),前面通常不用冠詞,但特指時(shí),則須用定冠詞;如果表示
一個(gè)具體情況或動(dòng)作或某一物質(zhì)時(shí),前面可用不定冠詞。
e.g.SendinganothersatellitesisabibsuccessforChina.
It'sagreatjoytolivewithallmyoldclassmates.Whataheavyrain!
5.AlexanderBrabomBellisconsideredtoinventedtelephonein1876.
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。telephone前加the。在討論科技問(wèn)題時(shí),定冠詞常和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連
用。在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前加the。
e.g.ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.
?錦囊妙計(jì)
不可數(shù)名詞泛指時(shí)前面多冠詞;單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前少冠詞;不定冠詞a,an與定冠詞的錯(cuò)誤使用;
固定搭配中的冠詞錯(cuò)誤等等為高考常見(jiàn)的考點(diǎn)。
?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
I.(★★★★),?,whilesweepingtheroom,shesawlittlemouserunningacrossherfloor.
2.(★★★)Wfethinkitbridgetothefriendshipbetweenusandthepeoplethroughouttheoutsidetheworld.
3.(★★★★)AfterIfinishedtheschoolthisyear,1begantolookforwork.
4.(★★★★)LastsummerIspentatwo-weekvacationatmyaunt's.
5.(★★★★★)Withsmile,theteacherdrewtwocircles.
6.(★★★★)Bobwasveryfondofthemusicwhenhewasachild.
7.(★★★★★)Michalewaswalkingalongthestreetotherday.
8.(★★★★★)Besidesmyworkattheoffice,onlythingthatinterestsmeislisteningtomusic.
9.(★★★)Onepieceofclothwasblack,andotherpiecewaswhite.
難點(diǎn)32需要擺平的平行結(jié)構(gòu)
在表達(dá)相互平行的概念時(shí),要使用相同的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),擺平平行結(jié)構(gòu)是高考短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)頻率
較高的考查形式。
?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)
1.(★★★★'weclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.
80.(NMET2002)
rememberedherwordsandcalmdown.
93.(NMET2000)
3.(★★★★★)【willspendthewholeweekendreadingandprepareforit.
86.(2000春季)
4.(★★★★★)Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseof
fairplayandteamspirit.90.
5.(★★★★★)Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfindandtoliveincleaner
surroundings.84.
?案例探究
l.Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.(NMET1996)
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。drove改成driveo因?yàn)閠omeet,--andtodrive是平行結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)在句
中作主語(yǔ)。drive可以視為省略了to。
e.g.ItisdifficultforhimtospeakEnglishandcommunicatewithothersinEnglish.
2.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthanfinishquickly.
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。在finish前加to。tofinishquickly與toanswerquickly是不定式的平
行結(jié)構(gòu)oe.g.Tosayiseasierthantodo.
3.Inmanyways,ridingabicycleisasimilartodriveacar.
解析:此題為四星級(jí)題。drive改為driving,riding與driving為動(dòng)名詞的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。
4.Psychologytodayisinteresting;informativeandeasilytoread.
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。easily改為rmativeandeasy為形容詞的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。
e.g.Wemustsolvethisprobleminacorrectandfriendlyway.
5.Notonlydoreadersfindthebookuseful,italsohelpedJiangtolearnmore.
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。do改為did。因?yàn)閚otonly…butalso…連接兩個(gè)平行結(jié)構(gòu)find和help,
都為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。notonly置與句首,應(yīng)該倒裝,借助于助動(dòng)詞did。
?錦囊妙計(jì)
??紤]:
1.動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞平行、形容詞與形容詞平行、分詞與分詞平行、不定式與不定式平行、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)平行。
2.平行結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常借助于并列連詞and,but,or或連詞詞組notonly-butalso…,not…but…,either-??
or???,neither…nor…,aswellas等。
?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.TheIndiansoftheSouthwesternUnitedStatesarefamousfortheirbeautifulartwork,especially
handmadejewelrycastinsilver,carvedoutofstones,ordecoratewithbeadsandfeathers.
2.Godowntotheshopandtobuyamouse-trap,butdon'ttellanyonewhatitisfor!
3.She'sfamousnotonlyintheUnitedStatesbutalsoonabroad.
4.Thefullpreparationsifyoumake,thesurerofsuccessyou'11certainlybe.
5.Aseeing-eyedogisaspecialdogthathelpsblindpeoplewalkalongthestreetsanddoingmany
otherthings.
6.Dayafterdayweseeitslightandfeelitswarm.
7.Hesaiditwasbesttostayuntilhelparrivedratherthantogointotheforestandgetlost.
8.CharlesandLindaMasondoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuilding.
9.MichaelandJackwenttothesameschoolandthenthesameuniversity.
10.Inmanycountriespeopleputnoticesinnewspapersiftheyaretryingtogetinformationorfinding
ahouseandtheroomsthattheycanlivein???
難點(diǎn)33一致現(xiàn)象不可忽視
?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)
1.(★★★★)LastweekmyparentsandItookatwo-daytriptoEmeiMountaininSichuan.Thethree
ofthemwereveryexcited.79.(NMET2002)
usedtolovescienceclass一allofthem一biology,chemistry,geography,physics.
86.(2001春季)
thenthereisalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.92.(NMET2001春季)
4.(★★★★)Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.94.(NMET2000)
5.(★★★★★)1amhappywithanyprogrammebuttheothersspentalotoftimearguing-?,
92.(NMET1999)
?案例探究
l.rdlikeverymuchtocomebutIhadanexaminationonMondaymorning.(NMET2000春季)
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題??疾闀r(shí)態(tài)一致。had改為haveo動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)保持一
致。根據(jù)全文時(shí)態(tài),此句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以had應(yīng)為have。
2.Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.(NMET1999)
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題??疾榇~上下文指代?致。someone改為everyone或everybody。本
文意思是:既然電視機(jī)賣(mài)了,全家每個(gè)人都沒(méi)法看了,現(xiàn)在都改成讀書(shū)了。根據(jù)代詞指代內(nèi)容
要與指代的意義上一致的原則,這里指代的是家里的每一個(gè)人即:everyoneWeverybody。
3.Aseeing-eyedogisaspecialdogthathelpblindpeoplewalkalongthestreetsanddoingmanyotherthings.
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。此題考查代詞所指代的內(nèi)容要與該先行詞保持一致的原則。Aspecialdog
是先行詞,that指代aspecialdog,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),所以help應(yīng)與先行詞在數(shù)上保持一致。
help改為helpso
e.g.HeisoneofthestudentswhohavebeentotheGreatWallinhisclass.
HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheGreatWallinhisclass.
4.Dad,aswellasMomandI,arewithyou.
解析:此題為四星級(jí)題。此題考查主謂?致原則。aswellas連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前
面的主語(yǔ)一致。are改為is。
e.g.Tomaswellastwoofhisstudentswasinvitedtotheparty.
Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikesthepaintings.
aswellas,togetherwith,with,like,but,except.including等介詞短語(yǔ)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),其保持一致
原則是與其前的主語(yǔ)一致。
5.I'dliketoyourpenfriend...
解析:此題為五星級(jí)題。考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)主謂一致的原則。to后加be。該句中l(wèi)ike是及
物動(dòng)詞,意為“想要”。通常用wouldliketodo的形式,是一種比較委婉客氣的說(shuō)法。如:I'
dliketogotherealone.本題題意:我想做你的筆友。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,I'dliketo后缺動(dòng)詞,從意
義上判斷應(yīng)是be或become。所以,應(yīng)在like之后加上動(dòng)詞be或become。
?錦囊妙計(jì)
短文改錯(cuò)中所涉及到的一致關(guān)系主要包括主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致、代詞指代一致。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、
復(fù)數(shù)形式要與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致;動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致;代詞所
指代的內(nèi)容要與該先行詞在詞性和數(shù)方面保持一致,要與其自身的指代在意義上保持一致。
?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.(★★★)TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.
2.Myfavouritesportisfootball.Iwasmemberofourschoolfootballteam.
3.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.
4.Mr.andMrs.Smithandherchildrenweregoingtospendtheirholidays.
5.HowIhopedthatIwillgothroughthejob-huntingtalktodayandhe???
6.Assoonasthetrainstopped,everybodycametolife.takingtheirbagandrushingintotheplatform.
7.Itistruethatpeopleofdifferentageunderstandmusicdifferentlyandenjoydifferentlymusic.
8.Thefamiliarpatternsofnotesattractsmeintothecolourfulworldofmusic.
9.Likemostofgrown-ups,sheenjoysfolksongs,becausethepeacefulmusicremindsheroftheir
beautifullifewhenshewasyoung.
難點(diǎn)2冠詞的非前位用法
限定語(yǔ)與所修飾的中心名詞的關(guān)系一般順序是:冠詞+表示大小尺寸的限定詞+表示顏色的限定
詞+表示原材料的限定詞+中心名詞。但在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中,冠詞放在了形容詞之后。
?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)
1.(★★★★)一Whataboutbook?—It'stoodifficultbook.
A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.the;a
2.(★★★★★)Beijingyouseetodayisquitedifferentcityfromwhatitusedtobe.
A.The;不填B.The;aC.不填;theD.A;a
?案例探究
1.Peterwon'tdriveustothestation.Hehastotakeusall.
A.averysmallcarB.toosmallacarC.atoosmallcarD.suchasmallcar
命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)冠詞不放在第一位的固定結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握,屬于四星級(jí)題目。
知識(shí)依托:不定冠詞放在too+形容詞之后。
撒吩析:C妙的^學(xué)生都學(xué)iltcma型adv.+to…犧,ton-adj.+n.包…締勾信蟋。
解題方法與技巧:名詞前修飾語(yǔ)一般正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋翰欢ü谠~+形容詞+名詞。但有些固定結(jié)構(gòu)需
注意,如too+adj.+a/an+n.0答案:B
2.Exerciseisasanyothertoloseunwantedweight.
A.sousefulawayB.asausefulwayC.asusefulawayD.suchausefulway
命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)冠詞不放在第一位的固定結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握,屬五星級(jí)題目。
知識(shí)依托:不定冠詞放在as+形容詞之后。
錯(cuò)解分析:A、B迷惑性較大,so…as結(jié)構(gòu)常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句,故不能選A、B。
解題方法與技巧:名詞前修飾語(yǔ)正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋翰欢ü谠~+形容詞+名詞,但有些固定結(jié)構(gòu)需注意,
如:as+adj.+a/an+n.答案:C
?錦囊妙計(jì)
1.不定冠詞用在quite,rather,many,half,what,much等詞之后。例如:
Heisratherafool.—Whatdidyouthinkoftheconcert?—Oh,itwasquiteasuccess.
2.不定冠詞用在so(as,too,how)+形容詞之后。
例如:Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.Itstoodifficultabookforustoread.
注意:以元音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞前加不定冠詞時(shí)用“an”。例如:anapple。
即使單詞拼寫(xiě)以輔音字母開(kāi)頭,但該詞的讀音是元音音素開(kāi)頭,加不定冠詞時(shí)也要用“an”,例
如:anhour,anhonestboy;反之,拼寫(xiě)以元音字母開(kāi)頭,但讀音是輔音,加不定冠詞時(shí)要用
"a",例如:auniversity。
3.so…that與such,,,that:
函…that和such…that都作“如此?,?…以致”解,that引播果狀語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)句型如"so
②such…that和so…that有時(shí)可以換用,條件是such所修飾的名詞必須是?個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,且該
名詞還帶有表性質(zhì)的形容詞。轉(zhuǎn)變公式如卜.:sucha/an+形容詞+名詞fso+形容詞+a/an+名詞。
例如:Heissuchagoodstudentthatwealllikehim.—Heissogoodastudentthatwealllikehim。
但是,如果是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,則只能用such,不能用so修飾。
例如:Itwassuchbadweatherthathehadtostayathome。
⑨?果第蛤詞前有many,few,不口J數(shù)名詞前有much,little量的形#詞時(shí),應(yīng)i嫻so而5用such。
如:I'vehadsomanyfallsthatI'mblackandblueallover.
MrWhitegotsolittlemoneyamonththathecouldhardlykeepbodyandsoultogether(維持生活)。
但little不表示數(shù)量而表示“小”的意思時(shí),仍用such。
例如:Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthattheycannotcleanthehousebythemselves.
?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
】.(★★★★*□!!isgirl.A.quiteabrightB.aquitebright
2.(★★★★).『sday.A.arathercoldB.ratheracoldC.acoldrather
3.(★★★★★)ishere.A.ManyaboyB.Manyboys
4.(★★★★)多么聰明的一個(gè)男孩。
5.(^^^^)Englishistotheworldasotherlanguages.
A.sousefulabridgeB.asausefulbridgeC.asusefulabridgeD.suchausefulbridge
難點(diǎn)6定語(yǔ)從句解題的黃金規(guī)律
先行詞、關(guān)系代(副)詞的句法功能
在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)
從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞
和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。
?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)
1.(★★★★)一IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthatthereasonyouhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
(NMET1999)
2.(^^^^^)Meetingmyuncleafterallthesewasanunforgettablemoment,Iwill
alwaystreasure.
A.thatB.oneC.itD.what
(NMET2002)
3.('AF'*,★'Ar)Alecaskedthepolicemanheworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewas
anaccident.(_tW2002)
A.withhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom
4.(★★★★)There?safeelinginmewe'11neverknowwhataUFOis.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what(上海2002)
5.(★★★★)Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museum,andsomeother
places,othervisitorsseldomgo.
A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when
&.(★★★★)AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownhegrew
upasachild.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
(NMET1996)
7.(★★★★★)CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,personallyIdoubtvery
much.
A.itB.thatC.whenD.which
(NMET1999)
8.(★★★★★)Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,of
course,madetheothersunhappy.
A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what
(NMET2000)
?案例探究
l.ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomeIwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-away
village.
A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where
(NMET2001)
命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的掌握,屬于五星級(jí)題目。
知識(shí)依托:先行詞是表示時(shí)間的詞,從句中缺少狀語(yǔ),通常用關(guān)系副詞when。
錯(cuò)解分析:本題有一定難度,主要是由于在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間有其他的詞。
解題方法與技巧:首先要找準(zhǔn)先行詞,先行詞hours表示的是時(shí)間,當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間
的詞時(shí),可能有2種情況:如果從句中缺少狀語(yǔ),通常用關(guān)系副詞when,如題;如果在從句中
缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),通常用關(guān)系代詞that或which。
答案:C
2_isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
(NMET2001)
命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞as的用法。屬于五星級(jí)題目。
知識(shí)依托:as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
錯(cuò)解分析:A項(xiàng)迷惑性較大。但it是形式主語(yǔ),后應(yīng)用that從句作真正主語(yǔ)。如:It'sknown
toeverybodythatIhemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonlh.
解題方法與技巧:根據(jù)題干的逗號(hào)可以判斷,空缺處應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞as,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)
從句。在這種用法中,as的意思是“正像”“像”“那樣”,定語(yǔ)從句則表達(dá)了說(shuō)話(huà)人的對(duì)某事
的態(tài)度和看法。
答案:B
?錦囊妙計(jì)
1.由who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:這類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句中,who用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓
語(yǔ),whose用作定語(yǔ)。例如:
Thisisthemanwhohelpedme.
Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.
DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?
2.which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:which在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如:
Thisisthebookwhichyouwant.
Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheriverisourschool.
Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.
3.由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:thal在定語(yǔ)從句中可以指人或物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或
介詞的賓語(yǔ)。(但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語(yǔ)?)例如:
TheletterthatIreceivedwasfrommyfather.
注意在下面幾種情況下必須用that而不用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句:
①先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。例如:Allthatwehave
todoistopractiseeveryday.
②先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾。例如:ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbe
forgotten.ThisisthebestfilmI'veeverseen.
③先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾。例如:Ihavereadallthe
books(that)yougaveme.
④先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí),例如:Heistheonlypersonthat/(who)I
wanttotalkto.
⑤先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),例如:Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.
⑥當(dāng)句中已有who時(shí),為避免重復(fù)。例如:WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?
⑦用作關(guān)系代詞,修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞如day,time,moment等,代替when。例如:Ithappened
onthedaythat/whenIwasborn.
⑧如有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞已用,則另一個(gè)用that。例如:Edisonbuiltupafactory
whichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
4.山when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。例如:
Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.
Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiu.
注意:先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間時(shí),有時(shí)用where或when,有時(shí)用that(which)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從
句,這時(shí)要根據(jù)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否則
用where或when。例如:
Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.
Thisisthehousethat(which)hevisitedlastyear.
IthoughtofthehappydayswhenIstayedinBeijing.
Ihaveneverforgottenthedaywhichwespenttogether.
5.限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句:
①限定性定語(yǔ)從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分,主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),引導(dǎo)非限
定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等,這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略;
②非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,沒(méi)有這種從句不影響主句意思的完整,
一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開(kāi)。關(guān)系代詞用which,不用that;指人時(shí)可用who,例如:
Ihavetwosisters,whoarebothstudents.
Crusoe'sdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.
6.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:
①as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ),構(gòu)
成thesame…as,such…as等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.(as作賓語(yǔ))
Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.(as作狀語(yǔ))
Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.(as作賓語(yǔ));
②as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整
個(gè)句子,可以放在主句之前。例如:
Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.(as代衣整個(gè)句子,作賓語(yǔ))
Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass,(as代表整個(gè)句子,作主語(yǔ))
常用的這種類(lèi)似插入語(yǔ)的句式有asissaidabove,asisalreadymentionedabove,asisknownto
all,asitis,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper等。
注意:①關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致;
②關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that在限定性定語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),而該介詞又位于從句末
尾時(shí),經(jīng)常省略,但as?般不省略;③關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別是:which不
能放在句首,而as則可以;在句中時(shí),as有“正如”“就像”之意,而which則沒(méi)有此意。
?殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.(★★★★★)!?thishotelyousaidweweretostayinyourletter.
A.whereB.whichC.inthatD.inwhich
2.(ikr^iAr^)Thewrongyou'vedonehimisterrible,foryoushouldmakeanapologyto
him,Ithink.
A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that
3人十去十夫川巳playedinthegardentillsunset,itbegantorain.
A.whenB.afterC.whileD.then
dlikeacarfrontlightsarebigandround.
A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.what
5.(★★★★)WhoMovedMyChinese?w,isabest-sellingbook,iswrittenbySpencer
Johnson.
A.whichB.thatC.itD.what
6.(十★★★★)1§thereashoparoundIcangetapackofcigarette?
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.what
7.(★★★★)Anotherunmannedspacecraft“ShenzhouH”,Chinagreetsthe21st
century,marksnewprogressinthecenturyJsspaceprogram.
A.forwhichB.fromwhichC.inwhichD.withwhich
8.(T^ik^^)Beijinggovernmentputsmorethan700millionyuantoincreaseitsgreenspace
thisyear,doublesthemoneyprovidedlastyear.
A.asB.whileC.thatD.which
^(★★★★)Thatpassengerwasveryimpolitetotheconductor,ofcourse,madethings
evenworse.
A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which
1().(★★★★)Helenismuchmorekindtoheryoungestchildthantotheothers,of
course,makestheothersunhappy.
A.whoB.whichC.sheD.that
”.(★★★★★)1'11neverforgetthedaysIlivedinthecountrywiththe
farmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who
時(shí).(★★★★★)Davidgetsupearlyandtakesawalkinthemorning,isusualwithhim.
A.asB.thatC.whatD.such
難點(diǎn)7特殊反意疑問(wèn)句之特殊解法
反意疑問(wèn)句分以下兩種情況:前部分陳述如果用肯定形式,后部分則用否定形式;如
果前部分用否定形式,后部分則用肯定形式。
?難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)
1.(★★★★)■hadlittleideathatitwasgettingsolate,?
A.didn'theB.wasn'titC.didheD.wasit
2.(^^^iAriAr)Mrs.Blackdoesn'tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,?
A.isheB.isn'theC.doesn'tsheD.doesshe
3.(ikr^iAr^^)Youmustn'tspeaktoyourmotherlikethat,you?
A.shouldB.mayC.mustD.dare
?案例探究
l.M:yougotintouchwithMr.Smith?
W:Throughafriendofmine.
A:ItwashowthatB:Howwasit
C:HowwasitthatD:Wasithowthat
命題意圖:考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型轉(zhuǎn)換為特殊疑問(wèn)句,屬于四星級(jí)題目。
知識(shí)依托:“Itis/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其余部分”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。
錯(cuò)解分析:很多同學(xué)沒(méi)有搞清楚題意,看不懂。其實(shí)首先句子應(yīng)是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,然后
對(duì)句子進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。
解題方法與技巧:先把句子還原為肯定句:ItwasthroughafriendofminethatIgotin
touchwithMrSmith。然后對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn),即是:HowwasitthatyougotintouchwithMr
Smith?
答案:C
2.1don'tthinkMaryandSuebefore,?
A.havemel;haven'ttheyB.haveseen;haveI
C.havemet;havetheyD.haveseen;don'tthey
命題意圖:本題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的掌握,屬于五星級(jí)題目。
知識(shí)依托:否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子對(duì)從句進(jìn)行反問(wèn)。
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