Unit5PoemsDiscoveringUsefulStructures講義-高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

定語(yǔ)從句（AttributiveClause）課堂講義——高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修（人教版2019）一、定語(yǔ)從句基本概念定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句，相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用。例句：ThebookthatIborrowedisinteresting.（修飾名詞“book”）Thegirlwhoissingingismysister.（修飾代詞“girl”）核心概念：先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞（如例句中的“book”和“girl”）。關(guān)系詞：連接主句和從句的詞（如that,which,who,where等）。關(guān)系詞的功能：在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。二、關(guān)系詞的分類與用法（一）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系詞指代對(duì)象從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞掷鋡ho 人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Theteacherwhoteachesusiskind.（主語(yǔ)）whom人賓語(yǔ)（可省略）Theboy(whom)youmetismyfriend.（賓語(yǔ)）which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Thepenwhichisonthedeskismine.（主語(yǔ)）that 人或物 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)ThemoviethatWewatchedwasamazing.（賓語(yǔ)）whose人或物的所屬關(guān)系定語(yǔ)Thegirlwhosebagwaslostiscrying.（定語(yǔ)）注意：只能用that的情況：先行詞為不定代詞（all,anything,nothing等）。先行詞被最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾。先行詞既有人又有物。例句：Allthatyouneedishere.關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系詞修飾對(duì)象從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞掷鋡here地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)（=介詞+which）Thisistheparkwhereweplayed.（=inwhich）when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（=介詞+which）Irememberthedaywhenwemet.（=onwhich）why原因（reason）狀語(yǔ)（=forwhich）Thereasonwhyheleftisunclear.注意：如果先行詞是地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間/原因，但從句中缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞（which/that）。例：ThetimethatIspentwasunforgettable.三、特殊用法與難點(diǎn)突破1.whose的替換用法人：whose+n=the+n+ofwhom例句：Thegirlwhoseeyesareblue=Thegirltheeyesofwhomareblue.物：whose+n=the+n+ofwhich例句：Thehousewhoseroofisred=Thehousetheroofofwhichisred.2.as的用法非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（指代整個(gè)句子）：位置靈活，可放句首、句中或句末。例：Asweallknow,theearthisround.限制性定語(yǔ)從句：與such,thesame連用。例：HeboughtthesamebikeasIhave.3.way作先行詞從句中作狀語(yǔ)：可用that/inwhich/不填。例：Iliketheway(that)youspeak.從句中作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)：用關(guān)系代詞。例：Thewaythatworksissimple.4.抽象地點(diǎn)名詞（situation,case等）若從句缺狀語(yǔ)，用where；否則用關(guān)系代詞。例：Wereachedapointwherewehadtostop.（狀語(yǔ)）四、常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤與糾錯(cuò)練習(xí)多余賓語(yǔ)：?ThebookthatIboughtitisgood.?ThebookthatIboughtisgood.介詞錯(cuò)誤：?Thehousewherehelivesinisold.?Thehousewherehelivesisold.關(guān)系詞缺失：?Childreneattoomuchsugaroftengetsick.?Childrenwhoeattoomuchsugaroftengetsick.五、綜合練習(xí)用適當(dāng)關(guān)系詞填空：1.Heistheteacher______taughtmeEnglish.2.Thisisthereason______Iwaslate.3.Thebook______coverisredismine..4.（2024年高考題）新高考I卷：TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracingthestepsalongtheSilkRoute__________broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatoetodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.（2024年高考題）新高考II卷：ChineseculturalelementsmemoratingTangXianzu,______isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratforduponAvon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.（2024年高考題）新高考II卷：Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities—theypricegoodsintheway_________willmakethemthemostmoney.（2023年高考題）全國(guó)甲卷：YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangellSaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,_____becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3million.(2023年模擬題)浙江金華第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考二模：ProposedinMaylastyearbyConorGallapher,theplanseekstoaddresstheshortageofavailablegardenspaceinresponsetorisingdemandintownsandcities,particularlyinLondon,_______therearewaitinglistsofupto40yearsforallotmentsites.9.(2023年模擬題)山東師范大學(xué)附中?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)：Thedoctormayalsoaskthepatientaboutstressatworkorhomeandanydifficulties_________maybecausingthepatienttobeoutofbalance.答案：1.who/that;2.why;3.whose；4.that/which5.who6.