考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解歷年真題

Text1

Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfind

thesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisan

increasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeingreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhaps

donotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoare

capableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthese

people“generalists."Andthese“generalists"areparticularlyneededforpositionsin

administration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplan

forotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople'swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.

Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.Heisa“irained”

man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist--and

especiallytheadministrator--dealswithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,

andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated”man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongest

foundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagood

generalistalsoagoodspecialistinparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,

thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,during

yourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareer

accordingly.

Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou-butthisispureaccident.Certainlyyou

shouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.

Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,

anopportunitytounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.

26.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor.

[A]allroundpeopleintheirownfields

[Blpeoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople'swork

[CJgeneralistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional

fD]specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothers

27.Thespecialistis.

[A]amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople

[BJamanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefields

[C]amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees

ID]amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters

28.Theadministratoris.

|A]a"trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist

fB]amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest

[CJamanwhoisverystronginthehumanities

[D]amanwhoisan“educated“specialist

29.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant.

[A]totrytobeageneralist

IBJtochooseaprofitablejob

fC]tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou

ID]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist

30.Aman'sfirstjob.

|A]isnevertherightjobforhim

fB]shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob

[C]shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjob

fD]isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljob

Test2

AtthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAgeand,untilrecent

times,unknowntoman.Itisagreatlandmasswithmountainrangeswhoseextentandelevation

arestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisacompleteblankonourmaps.Manhasexplored,on

foot,lessthanonepercentofitsarea.AntarcticadiffersfundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.

TheArcticisanocean,coveredwithdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythelandmassesof

Europe,Asia,andNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeand

Australiacombined,centeredroughlyontheSouthPoleandsurroundedbythemostunobstructed

waterareasoftheworld-theAtlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.

Thecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentre,thus,theairovertheAntarctic

isfarmorerefrigeratedthanitisovertheArcticregions.Thiscoldaircurrentfromthelandisso

forcefulthatitmakesthenearbyseasthestormiestintheworldandrendersunlivablethose

regionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeendoftheglobeareinhabited.Thus,morethana

millionpersonslivewithin2,000milesoftheNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmostofAlaska,

Siberia,andScandinavia—aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.Apartfromahandfulof

weatherstations,withinthesamedistanceoftheSouthPolethereisnotasingletree,industry,or

settlement.

31.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe.

[A]Iceland

[B]LandofOpportunity

[CJTheUnknownContinent

fD]UtopiaatLast

32.Atthetimethisarticlewaswritten,ourknowledgeofAntarcticawas.

[A]verylimited

IBJvast

[C]fairlyrich

ID]nonexistent

33.Antarcticaisborderedbythe.

[A]PacificOcean

[B]IndianOcean

[CJAtlanticOcean

fD]Allthree

34.TheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby.

fA]coldair

(BJcalmseas

[C]ice

[D]lackofknowledgeaboutthecontinent

35.Accordingtothisarticle.

[A]2,000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinent

[B]amillionpeoplelivewithin2,000milesoftheSouthPole

[CJweatherconditionswithina2,000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemakesettlementsimpractical

fD]onlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarctica

26.[B]27.[D]28.[C]29.[D]30.[B]31.[C]32.[A]33.[D]34.[A]35.[C]

Text1

Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwith

afan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinci

conceivethefirstmechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,“whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,but

wasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.

Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrangelooking

craftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfroma

standingstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthen

settledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.

Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.People

anticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersof

today.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.

Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissions,

carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsuse

themasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionand

loggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,engineersusethemforsite

selectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremote

workstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisa

likelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstown,flyto

andfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.

11.Peopleexpectthat.

[A]theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters

[Blhelicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplaceas

airlinersarenowdoing

[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer'sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthe

future

fD]theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftoday

12.Helicoptersworkwiththeaidof.

[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop

[BJarotatingdevicetopside

[C]onerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachend

ID]arotatingfanunderneathforlifting

13.Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?

|A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.

fB]Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.

[CJHelicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyaiiplanes.

(D]Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.

14.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?

[A]Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.

IB]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.

fC]Theyareusedforrescuework.

ID]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.

15.Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?

[A]Foroverseaspassengertransportation.

fB]Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.

[C]Forhigh-speedtransportation.

[D]Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.

Text2

InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.The

OlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,

eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainst

foreigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.Nooneknowsexactlyhowfarbackthe

OlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugust

ontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,

butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonoredpersons

werenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,buteventsincludedboy's

gymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersports

involvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleaves

placedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametothe

yearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richly

rewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodemstandards,we

unfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.

AfteranuninteiTuptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin

394A.D.Theycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehind

theOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritof

competitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover

1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvast

facilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompeting

courtierspaytheirownathletes'expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMountOlympusbythe

sun'srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.Thetorchsymbolizedthe

continuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntilthe

closingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflag,however,isamodernconception:thefive

interlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.

16.InancientGreece,theOlympicGames.

[A]weremerelynationalathleticfestivals

fB]wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolour

[CJhadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageousposition

(D]wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants

17.IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames.

[A]onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateinthegames

(BjallGreeks,irrespectiveofsex,religionorsocialstatus,wereallowedtotakepart

fC]allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompeteinGames

ID]allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames

18.TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics.

[A]hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished

fB]variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors

[C]wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonortheGameswereheld

[D]wasconsideredunimportant

19.Modemathletes'resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunnersbecause

[A]theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults

[B]theyaremuchbetter

[C]detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast

[D]theyaremuchworse

20.Nowadays,theathletes5expensesarepaidfor.

[A]outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners

[B]outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations

[Clbytheathletesthemselves

[D]bycontributions

Text3

Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain“sufferswithcivilization'severystepinsearchof

reality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,andgravitation;theireffectscanbe

measuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodemscientistthanto

Thaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureoftheelectrificationofamber,ahardyellowish-brown

gum.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthese

mysteriousforces“really"are.^Electricity,MBertrandRussellsays,“isnotathing,likeSt.PauFs

Cathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhenthey

areelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthereistotell.”

Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.Aristotle,forexample,whose

naturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarrive

atanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,that

itisaself-evidentprinciplethateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecan

deducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat'swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesup

becausethat'swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.

ModernsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthus

originatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientific

investigation.

21.Theaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentsis.

[A]toexplainwhythingshappen

fB]toexplainhowthingshappen

[CJtodescribeself-evidentprinciples

(D]tosupportAristotelianscience

22.Whatprinciplesmostinfluencedscientificthoughtfortwothousandyears?

[A]thespeculationsofThales

(BJtheforcesofelectricity,magnetism,andgravity

fC]Aristotle'snaturalscience

ID]Galileo'sdiscoveries

23.BertrandRusselFsnotionaboutelectricityis.

[A]disapprovedofbymostmodemscientists

fB]inagreementwithAristotle'stheoryofself-evidentprinciples

[C]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“how"thingshappen

[D]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward"why”thingshappen

24.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea.

[A]thattherearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse

[B]thatmancannotdiscoverwhatforces“reaHy''are

[C]thatthereareself-evidentprinciples

[D]thatwecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo

25.Modemsciencecameintobeing.

[A]whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstintroduced

(B]whenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingshappen

[C]whenAristotelianscientisttriedtoexplainwhythingshappen

[D]whenscientistswereabletoacquireanunderstandingofrealityofreasoning

11.[B]12.[B]13.[D]14.[A]15.[D]16.[B]17.[A]18.[A]19.[C]20.[B]

21.[B]22.[C]23.[C]24.[B]25.[A]

Text1

Itdoesn'tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyif

youcan'trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybeyouhavealreadydiscovered

somecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.

Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeor

reasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou'rereading.

Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis,"No,

thankyou.I'mjustlooking"?Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren'tsurewhatyouwant,you

arenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsun

glasses.^^Shesays,“Rightthisway,please."Andyouandsheareoff-botheagertolookfor

exactlywhatyouwant.

It'squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,"justlooking"fornothing

inparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat—nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andif

youhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;theywillinclude

readingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout"，“tounderstandthereasonsfor"，“tofindouthow”.A

goodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisdoing.

Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis,“Iwant

toknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I'mreadingthisarticleto

findout."Or,"I'mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”

Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose

andrememberitbetter.

Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.Asyou

read,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideasto

yourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.If

youexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:"Yes,Iagree.Thafsmyopiniontoo.”

or“Ummmm,Ithoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.Tdbettercheckthosedates,"or“But

therearesomeotherfactstobeconsidered!,?Youdon'tjustsittheretakinginideas-youdo

somethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.

Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,relatingittowhat

youalreadyknow,andusingitforyourownpurposes.Inotherwords,agoodreaderisacritical

reader.Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsand

opinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone'sownpersonalreactions.

Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurate

inferences.

16.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy,.

[A]itisnosurprise

[B]itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything

fC]itmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbook

[D]yourealizeitisofnoimportance

17.Beforeyoustartreading,itisimportant.

[A]tomakesurewhyyouarereading

[B]torelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose

[C]torememberwhatyouread

[D]tochooseaninterestingbook

18.Readingactivityinvolves.

[Alonlytwosimultaneousprocesses

[B]primarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemcritically

[C]merelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions

[D]mainlydrawingaccurateinferences

19.Agoodreaderisonewho.

[A]relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectmatter

[Bldoeslotsofthinkinginhisreading

[CJtakesacriticalattitudeinhisreading

fD]isabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyknown

Text2

Ifyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,butbecause

ofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhuman

behavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewould

rathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuch

definitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.Thusstimulithatatonetime

mightbeconsideredrelevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependingonwhatoneis

doingatthemoment.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoise

onhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution^^havearisen,togetherwithmovements

toreducenoise.

Exposuretoloudnoisescandefinitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,dependingon

theintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,

suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,drivingfarmtractors,andworking(orsitting)

inmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80

decibels(ameasureoftheloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvalues

correspondtovarioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficient

periodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependupontheparticular

frequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorintermittent.

Noisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasks,forinstance,

ifoneisperformingawatchkeepingtaskthatrequiresvigilance,inwhichheisresponsiblefor

detectingweaksignalsofsomekind(e.g.,watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft).

Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.Ifyouhaveriddenintherear

ofajettransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirst,and

that,eventually,youadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.The

problemisnoise.

20.Noisediffersfromsoundinthat.

[A]itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingdone

[B]itisaspecialtypeofloudsound

[C]itisusuallyunavoidableinbigcities

[D]itcanbedefinedmorepreciselythanthelatter

21.Oneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat.

fA]itreducesone'ssensitivity

[B]itrendersthevictimhelpless

[C]itdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofmusic

[D]itdrownsoutconversationsatworksites

22.Thepurposeofthispassageis.

[A]todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior

fB]towarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisepollution

[C]togiveadviceastohowtopreventhearingloss

(D]totellthedifferencebetweennoiseandsound

Text3

Thetraditionalbeliefthatawoman'splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogooutto

workcanhardlybereasonablymaintainedinpresentconditions.Itissaidthatitisawoman'stask

tocareforthechildren,butfamiliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwobetween

children.Thusawoman'swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermore,

withcompulsoryeducationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildren

soonceases.Thus,evenifweagreethatawomanshouldstayathometolookafterherchildren

beforetheyareofschoolage,formanywomen,thisperiodwouldextendonlyforabouttenyears.

Itmightbearguedthatthehouse-proudwomanwouldstillfindplentytodoaboutthehome.That

maybeso,butitiscertainlynolongernecessaryforawomantospendherwholelifecooking,

cleaning,mendingandsewing.Washingmachinestakethedrudgeryoutoflaundry,thelatest

modelsbeingentirelyautomaticandabletowashanddryalargequantityofclothesinafew

minutes.Refrigeratorshavemadeitpossibletostorefoodforlongperiodsandmanypre-cooked

foodsareobtainableintins.Shopping,insteadofbeingadailytask,canbecompletedinonedaya

week.Thenewman-madefibersaremorehardwiringthannaturalfibersandgreatlyreduce

mending,whilegoodready-madeclothesarecheapandplentiful.

Apartfromwomen'sownhappiness,theneedsofthecommunitymustbeconsidered.Modern

societycannotdowellwithoutthecontributionthatwomencanmakeinprofessionsandother

kindsofwork.Thereisaseriousshortageofnursesandteachers,tomentiononlytwoofthe

occupationsfollowedbywomen.Itisextremelywastefultogiveyearsoftrainingatpublic

expenseonlytohavethequalifiedteacherornursemarryafterayearortwoandbelostforeverto

herprofession.Thetraining,itistrue,willhelpherindutiesasamother,butifshecontinuedto

work,herservicewouldbemorewidelyuseful.Manyfactoriesandshops,too,arelargelystaffed

bywomen,manyofthemmarried.Whileherethequestionoftrainingisnotsoimportant,

industryandtradewouldbeseriouslyshortofstaffifmarriedwomendidnotwork.

23.Theauthorholdsthat.

[A]therightplaceforallwomen,marriedorotherwise,isthehome,notelsewhere

[Blallmarriedwomenshouldhavesomeoccupationoutsidethehome

[C]amarriedwomanshouldgivefirstprioritytoherdutiesasamother

fD]itisdesirableforuneducatedmarriedwomentostayathomeandtakecareofthefamily

24.Ahouse-proudwoman.

(Alwoulddevoteherwholelifetoherfamily

[B]wouldtakeherownhappinessandthatofherfamilyasherchiefconcern

[Clwouldstillneedsomespecialtrainingatpublicexpensetohelpherinherdutiesasa

housewife

[D]wouldtakefulladvantageofmodernhouseholdappliances

25.Accordingtotheauthor,modemsociety.

[A]canoperatejustaswellevenwithoutwomenparticipation

[B]hasbeengreatlyhamperedinitsdevelopmentbytheshortageofwomennursesandwomen

teachers

[C]cannotoperateproperlywithoutthecontributionofwomen

[D]willbeseriouslyaffectedbythecontinuingshortageofworkingwomeninheavyindustries

andinternationaltrade

16.[B]17.[A]18.[B]19.[C]20.[A]21.[A]22.[A]23.[B]24.[D]25.[C]

Test1

Ascientistoncesaid:"Ihaveconcludedthattheearthisbeingvisitedbyintelligentlycontrolled

vehiclesfromouterspace.^^

IfwetakethisasareasonableexplanationforUFOs(unidentifiedflyingobjects),questions

immediatelycomeup.

“Whydon'ttheygetintouchwithus,then?Whydon'ttheylandrightontheWhiteHouselawn

anddeclarethemselves?^^peopleasked.

Inreply,scientistssaythat,whilethismaybewhatwewant,itmaynotnecessarilybewhatthey

want.

“Themostlikelyexplanation,itseemstome,“saidDr.Mead,“isthattheyaresimplywatching

whatweareupto-thatresponsiblesocietyoutsideoursolarsystemiskeepinganeyeonusto

seethatwedon'tsetinmotionachainreactionthatmighthaveunexpectedeffectsforoutsideour

solarsystem.^^

Opinionsfromotherscientistsmightgolikethis:"Whyshouldtheywanttogetintouchwithus?

Wemayfeelwe'remoreimportantthanwereallyare!Theymaywanttoobserveusonlyandnot

interferewiththedevelopmentofourcivilization.Theymaynotcareifweseethembuttheyalso

maynotcaretosay'heHo'