黑龍江省2024屆高三下學(xué)期第四次模擬考試 英語 含解析

2023～2024學(xué)年度高三年級第四次模擬英語注意事項：1.本卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whywasthemanlateforwork?A.Hiscarbrokedownontheroad.B.Hewasstuckinthetraffic.C.Hehadatrafficaccident.2.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthenewshop?A.Thestylesoftheclothes.B.Thepricesoftheclothes.C.Thelocationoftheshop.3.Whatisthemandoing?A.Placinganorder.B.Askingaboutanitem.C.Requestingadeliveryservice.4.WhomightLilybe?A.Thewoman’sneighbour.B.Thewoman’schild.C.Thewoman’sboss.5.WhenwillthewomanflytoHawaii?A.June14.B.June15.C.June16.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthewomandescribethefurniturestore?A.Theysellrathercheapgoods.B.Theysellgoodsonlineaswell.C.Therearegoodsofhighquality.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Comparethepriceofanewbedattheshopwiththatonline.B.Orderanewbedofthesamestyleonlineevenifitisexpensive.C.Tryanewbedoutinashopandbuyonedirectlyifiscomfortable.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning.B.Atnoon.C.Intheafternoon.9.Whydoesn’tthemangototheconferenceroomnow?A.Heneedstomeettheclients.B.Heisworkingonanothertask.C.Hehascheckedtheheaterbefore.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Thewoman’scousin.B.Alocalband.C.Theirweekendplan.11.Whoisthewomanscheduledtomeet?A.Abandmember.B.Acolleague.C.Arelative.12.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A.PickupJane.B.Payforthetickets.C.Findoutsometicketinformation.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whathappenedtothewomaninthebeginning?A.Shelostherphone.B.Shecouldn’tfindtheway.C.Hercarcrashedintoatree.14.Howdidthewomankeepwarm?A.Bydrinkinghottea.B.Byhavingmoreclotheson.C.Bykeepingusingthecarheater.15.Whydidthewomanturnofftheengine?A.Thecarwasrunningoutofgas.B.Shewantedtohaveitrepaired.C.Itwasmakingaterriblenoise.16.Whatdidtheemergencyworkersdo?A.Theyhelpedthewomangotothemainroad.B.Theydrovethewomantoherhome.C.Theycalledanambulance.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatkindofplaceisOldsvillenow?A.Anoilfield.B.Atouristarea.C.Adesertedtrainstation.18.Whatcantouristsseerightbesidethetrackintheday?A.Trees.B.Animals.C.Desertplants.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthebridge?A.Itisdangerous.B.Itisoveradeepriver.C.Itismadeofwood.20.Howcanthetouristsgetdrinks?A.Fromthespeaker.B.Fromamachine.C.Fromastore.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AExcitingSitesforYourChildreninOrlandoUniversalOrlandoResortLocation:1000UniversalStudiosPlazaContactpenHours:MondaytoFridayfrom9AMto6PMSaturdayfrom9AMto7PMSundayfrom9AMto6PMTheworld’sfavoritefilmsandfilmstarscometolifehereandmanyamazingandamusingrides,showsandattractionsarepresented.Avirtual3-Dadventurehasitsownsetofthrills,asdoesanexperienceofmeetingwithJaws,atripBacktotheFuture,andavoyagebeyondthestarsinanE.TAdventure.SeaWorldOrlandoLocation:7007SeaWorldDriveContactpenHours:MondaytoSundayfrom9AMto5PMOneofthefirstthemeparkstoopeninOrlando,SeaWorldhasbeenoperatinghereformorethan30years.Manynewattractionsandrideshavebeenaddedtotheoriginalfunincludingalaser-fireworks-watershowandhigh-techthrillrides.Theparkalsohostsanumberoffamily-friendlyevents.Searchthewebsiteforthelatestinformation.Wet’nWildLocation:6200InternationalDriveContactpenHours:VarybyseasonAmusementBusinessMagazinecallsthisWet’nWildthenation’sbest-attendedwaterpark.AdultslovethrillridesheresuchasBrainWashandTheStorm,whicharedefinitelyforthebrave.ChildrenenjoymilderthrillsattheKidsParksectionlike“Bubbleup”.Thewholefamilycankickback(放松)ontheTakeitEasyofferings,includingthemile-longLazyRiver.Poolsareheatedinwinter.GatorlandLocation:14501SOrangeBlossomTrailContactpenHours:MondaytoSundayfrom9AMto5PMTakeatriptothis70-acreparkandseethousandsofalligators,andcrocodiles,upclose.Visitfeedingpens(圈),nurseriesandponds.Childrenlovethesite’sminiwaterparkespeciallybecauseitofferslovelypettingzoogoats,lambs,andotherbarnyardanimals.1.Wherecanchildrenenjoyavirtual3-Dadventure?A.1000UniversalStudiosPlaza. B.14501SOrangeBlossomTrail.C.7007SeaWorldDrive. D.6200InternationalDrive.2.WhatismentionedaboutSeaWorldOrlando?A.Itisopenforsixdaysaweekandlastseighthoursaday.B.Alaser-fireworks-watershowisopentothepublicrecently.C.Visitorscanseethousandsofalligators,andcrocodiles,upclose.D.ChildrencanenjoymilderthrillsattheKidsParksectionlike“Bubbleup”.3.Whichactivityneedssomecourageforpeopletoenjoy?A.BrainWash. B.Barnyardanimals.C.Themile-longLazyRiver. D.Feedingpens,nurseriesandponds.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了Orlando境內(nèi)幾個適合孩子的好玩的地方?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“UniversalOrlandoResort”部分中“Theworld’sfavoritefilmsandfilmstarscometolifehereandmanyamazingandamusingrides,showsandattractionsarepresented.Avirtual3-Dadventurehasitsownsetofthrills,asdoesanexperienceofmeetingwithJaws,atripBacktotheFuture,andavoyagebeyondthestarsinanE.TAdventure.(世界上最受歡迎的電影和電影明星在這里栩栩如生，這里有許多令人驚嘆和有趣的游樂設(shè)施、表演和景點。虛擬3D冒險提供一系列刺激經(jīng)歷，與直面大白鯊的經(jīng)歷，回到未來的旅行，以及在外星人世界.冒險中超越恒星的航行)”及“Location:1000UniversalStudiosPlaza(地點：環(huán)球影城廣場1000號)”可知，在環(huán)球影城廣場1000號可以體驗3D冒險。故選A項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“SeaWorldOrlando”部分中“Manynewattractionsandrideshavebeenaddedtotheoriginalfunincludingalaser-fireworks-watershowandhigh-techthrillrides.(許多新景點和游樂設(shè)施增加了更多樂趣，包括激光煙花水上表演和高科技驚險游樂設(shè)施)”可知，在奧蘭多海洋世界的廣告部分提到了“alaser-fireworks-watershow”。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wet’nWild”部分中“AmusementBusinessMagazinecallsthisWet’nWildthenation’sbest-attendedwaterpark.AdultslovethrillridesheresuchasBrainWashandTheStorm,whicharedefinitelyforthebrave.(《娛樂商業(yè)雜志》稱這里是全美最受歡迎的水上樂園。成年人喜歡這里的刺激游樂設(shè)施，比如‘BrainWash’和‘TheStorm’，它們絕對是為勇敢的人準(zhǔn)備的)”可推測，BrainWash項目是驚險刺激的，需要有勇氣有膽量的人才能參與體驗。故選A項。BThemanhadbeenonalongflight.Thefirstwarningoftheapproachingproblemscamewhenthesignontheairplaneflashedon,"Fastenyourseatbelts."Then,afterawhile,acalmvoicesaid,"Weshallnotbeservingthedrinksatthistimeasweareexpectingalittleturbulence(湍流).Pleasebesureyourseatbeltisfastened."Asthemanlookedaroundtheaircraft,itbecameobviousthatmanyofthepassengerswerebecomingnervous.Later,thevoiceoftheannouncersaid,"Wearesosorrythatweareunabletoservethemealatthistime.Theturbulenceisstillaheadofus."Andthenthestormbrokeout.Theterriblethundercouldbeheardevenabovethesoundoftheengines.Lightninglitupthedarkeningskiesandwithinmomentsthatgreatplanewaslikealeatherthrownaroundonavastocean.Onemomenttheairplanewasliftedongreatcurrentsofair,andthenext,itdroppedasifitwereabouttocrash.Themanadmittedthathesharedthediscomfortandfearofthosearoundhim.Hesaid,"AsIlookedaroundtheplane.Icouldseethatnearlyallthepassengerswereupsetandalarmed.Somewerepraying."Themancontinuedtosay,"Thefutureseemedterribleandmanywerewonderingiftheywouldmakeitthroughthestorm.Andthen,Isuddenlysawagirltowhomthestormmeantnothing.Shejustsatonherseatandwasreadingabook.Everythingwithinhersmallworldwascalmandorderly.Sometimessheclosedhereyesandthenshewouldreadagain.Shewouldstraightenherlegsbutworryandfearwerenotinherworld.Whentheplanewasbeinghitbytheterriblestorm,whenitshookthiswayandthatway,whenitroseandfellsoseverely,andwhenalltheadultswerescaredhalftodeath,thatunusualchildwascompletelycomposedandunafraid."Themancouldhardlybelievehiseyes.Itwasnotsurprising,therefore,thatwhentheplanefinallyreacheditsdestinationandallthepassengerswerehurryingoffboard,heaskedthegirlwhyshehadnotbeenafraid.Thesweetchildreplied,"Sir,mydadisthepilotandheistakingmehome."4.Whyweredrinksandthemealnotprovidedforthepassengersatthetime?A.Drinksandthemealhadn't'beenfullyprepared.B.Theairplanemightnotflystablyforsometime.C.Theplanewouldlandattheairportinashorttime.D.Somethingwaswrongwithoneoftheenginesoftheairplane.5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4andParagraph5whenthestormbrokeout?A.Theairplanedroppedquicklymostofthetime.B.Theairplanewasflyingaroundoveravastocean.C.Mostofthepassengersontheairplanekeptcalm.D.Thethundercouldbelouderthanthesoundoftheengines.6.Thegirlontheflightcanbeconsideredas______.A.self-willed B.self-motivated C.self-collected D.self-contained7.Whatcanweinferfromthegirl'swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Shehadtrustinherfather.B.Sheshowedrespectforherfather.C.Sheshowedsympathyforherfather.D.Shehadsomedoubtaboutherfather.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者在一次飛行途中，遇到了強氣流，所有的乘客都驚恐萬分，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個小女孩始終保持鎮(zhèn)定，在座位上悠閑地看書，當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)目的地，作者問及原因時，女孩答道“我爸爸是機長，他會帶我回家”，表現(xiàn)出強烈的信心?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Weshallnotbeservingthedrinksatthistimeasweareexpectingalittleturbulence(湍流).Pleasebesureyourseatbeltisfastened.”（我們現(xiàn)在不會提供飲料，因為我們預(yù)計會有一些湍流。請確保你的安全帶已經(jīng)系好。）可知，為什么當(dāng)時沒有為乘客提供飲料和食物是因為飛機可能會有一段時間飛行不穩(wěn)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theterriblethundercouldbeheardevenabovethesoundoftheengines.”（可怕的雷聲甚至能蓋過發(fā)動機的聲音。）可推知，雷聲比發(fā)動機的聲音還要大。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Whentheplanewasbeinghitbytheterriblestorm,whenitshookthiswayandthatway,whenitroseandfellsoseverely,andwhenalltheadultswerescaredhalftodeath,thatunusualchildwascompletelycomposedandunafraid.”（當(dāng)飛機被可怕的風(fēng)暴擊中，當(dāng)它這樣那樣地?fù)u晃，當(dāng)它嚴(yán)重地升起和下降，當(dāng)所有的成年人都嚇得半死，那個不尋常的孩子卻完全鎮(zhèn)定且無所畏懼。）可推知，這個小女孩在飛機遭遇湍流時仍然保持鎮(zhèn)定。A.self-willed任性的；B.self-motivated自我激勵的；C.self-collected鎮(zhèn)定的；D.self-contained獨立的。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thesweetchildreplied,"Sir,mydadisthepilotandheistakingatedmehome."”（那個可愛的孩子回答說：“先生，我的爸爸是飛行員，他正在帶我回家?！保┛赏浦∨λ母赣H有著無比的信任。故選A。CChatGPT,designedbyOpenAItocarryonconversationsjustlikehumans,hasbecomeaviralexcitement.TheAI-poweredtoolwentfromzerotoamillionusersinjustfivedays!Itsabilitytoprovidein-depthanswerstousers'questionshasevendrawntheattentionofdistinguishedtechnologycompanies.Theintelligentrobotunderstandswhattheusersaysortypesandthenrespondsinawaythatmakessense.ItsvastbodyofknowledgehasbeengatheredfromtheInternetandarchived(存檔的)books.Itisfurthertrainedbyhumans.ThismakesChatGPTausefultoolforresearchingalmostanytopic."WehavealotofinformationontheInternet,butyounormallyhavetoGoogleit,thenreaditandthendosomethingwithit,"saysRicardo,chiefscienceofficerandco-founderofAIcompanyErudit."Nowyou'llhavethisresourcethatcanprocessthewholeInternetandalloftheinformationitcontainsforyoutoansweryourquestions."However,ChatGPTcannotthinkonitsown.Itdependsontheinformationthatithasbeentrainedon.Asaresult,theAItoolworkswellforthingsthathaveaccuratedataavailable.However,whenunsure,ChatGPTcangetcreativeandincorrectresponsescanflowout.OpenAIcautionsuserstochecktheinformationnomatterhowlogicalitsounds.Also,ChatGPThasonlybeentrainedwithinformationtill2022.Hence,itcannotberelieduponforanythingthathappenedafterthat.ExpertsbelieveChatGPThaslimitlesspotentialtosolvereal-worldproblems.Itcantranslatelongtextsintodifferentlanguages,createcontentonalmostanytopic,andevensummarizebooks.However,ChatGPThasreceivedmixedreactionsfromeducators.Somebelieveitcouldserveasavaluabletooltohelpbuildliteracyskillsintheclassroom.Itcouldalsobeusedtoteachstudentsdifficultscienceormathconcepts.ButothereducatorsthinkChatGPTwillencouragestudentstocheat.Theyfearthiswillpreventthemfrombuildingcriticalthinkingandproblem-solvingskills.Asaresult,manydistrictsarestartingtobanitsuseinschools.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"This"inParagraph2referto?A.Thetoolrespondsinawaythatiseasytounderstand.B.Thetoolcollectsinformationandthenistrained.C.Whatarchivedbookshaverecorded.D.Whattheusersaysortypes.9.WhatdoesParagraph3tellusaboutChatGPT?A.Itonlystoresrealinformation.B.Itcangivepeopleananswerveryquickly.C.PeoplebelievethatChatGPThasahighlevelofcreativity.D.PeopleneedtoGoogletheinformationtocheckananswerfromit.10.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A.TheadvantagesofChatGPT. B.ThecostofChatGPT.C.ThelimitationsofChatGPT. D.ThedevelopmentofChatGPT.11.WhydomanyschoolsstopusingChatGPT?A.Itmightnotofferalogicalanswer.B.Itcan'timprovestudents'literacyskills.C.Itmightmakesomestudentsaddictedtoit.DItcanhaveabadeffectonstudents'abilitiesandskills.【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工智能ChatGPT，介紹了其特點、存在的問題以及人們對ChatGPT的看法?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Theintelligentrobotunderstandswhattheusersaysortypesandthenrespondsinawaythatmakessense.ItsvastbodyofknowledgehasbeengatheredfromtheInternetandarchived(存檔的)books.Itisfurthertrainedbyhumans”（智能機器人理解用戶所說或輸入的內(nèi)容，然后以合理的方式做出回應(yīng)。其龐大的知識體系是從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和存檔書籍中收集來的。它被人類進一步訓(xùn)練。）可知，This指的是ChatGPT從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和存檔的書籍中收集信息，然后由人類進行訓(xùn)練的過程。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“"WehavealotofinformationontheInternet,butyounormallyhavetoGoogleit,thenreaditandthendosomethingwithit,"saysRicardo,chiefscienceofficerandco-founderofAIcompanyErudit."Nowyou'llhavethisresourcethatcanprocessthewholeInternetandalloftheinformationitcontainsforyoutoansweryourquestions."”（“我們在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上有很多信息，但通常你必須谷歌一下，然后閱讀它，然后用它做點什么，”里卡多說，他是人工智能公司愛魯?shù)系氖紫茖W(xué)官和聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人?！艾F(xiàn)在你有了這個資源，它可以處理整個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)及其包含的所有信息，為你回答你的問題?！保┛芍珻hatGPT可以很快給人們一個答案。故選B?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“However,ChatGPTcannotthinkonitsown.Itdependsontheinformationthatithasbeentrainedon.Asaresult,theAItoolworkswellforthingsthathaveaccuratedataavailable.However,whenunsure,ChatGPTcangetcreativeandincorrectresponsescanflowout.OpenAIcautionsuserstochecktheinformationnomatterhowlogicalitsounds.”（然而，ChatGPT不能獨立思考。這取決于它所接受的訓(xùn)練信息。因此，人工智能工具在擁有準(zhǔn)確數(shù)據(jù)的情況下工作得很好。然而，當(dāng)不確定時，ChatGPT可能會得到創(chuàng)造性的和錯誤的響應(yīng)。OpenAI提醒用戶，無論這些信息聽起來多么合乎邏輯，都要檢查。）可知，第四段主要是關(guān)于ChatGPT的局限性。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ButothereducatorsthinkChatGPTwillencouragestudentstocheat.Theyfearthiswillpreventthemfrombuildingcriticalthinkingandproblem-solvingskills.Asaresult,manydistrictsarestartingtobanitsuseinschools.”（但其他教育工作者認(rèn)為ChatGPT會鼓勵學(xué)生作弊。他們擔(dān)心這將阻止他們建立批判性思維和問題解決能力。因此，許多地區(qū)開始禁止在學(xué)校使用它。）可推知，許多學(xué)校停止使用ChatGPT是因為它可能對學(xué)生的能力和技能產(chǎn)生不良影響。故選D。DInagroundbreakingproject,ChinaFirstMetallurgicalGrouphascompleteditsfirstoverseaswaste-to-energyplantinHanoi,Vietnam.Thelargestwasteincineration(焚化)powerplantinVietnamhasnotonlyrevolutionizedwastemanagementinthecountrybuthasalsoinvolvedthetrainingoflocalworkers.Theplanthasaddressedthecity’sgrowingwasteproblembyprocessing4,000metrictonsofurbanwasteeveryday,about60percentofthecity’sdailywaste,thegroupsaid.Thetechnologyinthefacilitynotonlyconvertswasteintogreenenergybutalsoensuresenvironmentallyfriendlytreatment.HuChangbing,managerofthegroup’sVietnambranch,said,“TheplantisanachievementofthecooperationbetweenChinaandVietnam.Itisagreenprojectthatbenefitslocalresidents.”SincethefirstunitstartedgeneratingelectricityinJuly,2022,theplanthasbeenoperatingwell,Husaid.TheprojectwasbuiltontheformersiteofHanoi'swastetreatmentcenter,wherethemajorityofthecity’swastewaspreviouslyburiedinlandfill.Inadditiontogeneratingcleanenergythroughincineration,theplantalsoproducesenvironmentallyfriendlybricksfromtheresidue(殘渣).TheemittedgasesandwastewateraretreatedtomeetEuropeanUnionemissionstandardsandachievedrinking-waterquality.Coveringanareaof170,000squaremeters,theplantconsistsofwastestoragepools,incinerators,treatmentandprocessingplants,andwastegastreatmentfacilities.Recallingthestartoftheproject,Husaidtogainthetrustoflocalresidents,hisgroupsetupadedicatedteamofChineseandVietnamesepersonneltoexplainthebenefitsoftheprojectandtakeonlocalpeople.Vietnamlackedexperienceinwasteincinerationpowerplantconstruction.TheChineseteamhassetabenchmark(標(biāo)桿)forthelocalindustryandleftbehindvaluabletechnicalknowledge,Husaid.Duringthepeakofconstruction,over80percentofthe2,000workersemployedwerelocals.“Thelocalworkersprovedtobeintelligentanddiligent.Theylearnskillsquickly,”Husaid.In2021,HutookoverthemanagementoftheVietnamproject.Hu,anativeofYichangcity,Hubeiprovince,hasbeenworkingwiththegroupfor23yearssincegraduatingfromHubeiUniversityofTechnologywithadegreeincivilengineering.ChinesemastersledgroupsofVietnameseworkers,teachingthemskillsandsafetyregulations,andassessingtheirqualificationsbeforeallowingthemtowork.ThissuccesshasalsoinspiredtheconstructionofmultiplewasteincinerationpowerplantsinVietnam,withmanyworkershavinggainedtheirskillsandexperiencefromtheproject,headded.TheprojectwascarriedoutundertheframeworkofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiativeandwasaimedatcontributingtothesustainabledevelopmentoftheVietnamesecapital.12.HowmanymetrictonsofurbanwasteareproduceddailyinHanoi?A.About4,000metrictons. B.About5600metrictons.C.About6000metrictons. D.About6600metrictons.13.Howdoestheplantmakesureitisenvironmentallyfriendly?①Makingfulluseofsolarandwindenergy②Plantingalotoftreesandgrowingflowers③Producingcleanenergythroughincineration④Dealingwithwastewatertoreachdrinking-waterquality⑤MakingenvironmentallyfriendlybricksfromtheresidueA.②③④ B.①④⑤ C.③④⑤ D.①②③14.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“diligent”inParagraph5?A.Stubborn. B.Courageous. C.Gentle. D.Hardworking.15.Whichisthebesttitleforthenewsreport?A.ChinaaidsHanoiwithwaste-to-powerplantB.ChinesemasterstrainlocalworkersinVietnamC.AchievementofcooperationbetweenChinaandVietnamD.ProjectbuiltonformersiteofHanoi’swastetreatmentcenter【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。這篇文章詳細(xì)報道了中國第一冶金集團在越南河內(nèi)市建設(shè)的垃圾焚燒發(fā)電廠項目?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theplanthasaddressedthecity’sgrowingwasteproblembyprocessing4,000metrictonsofurbanwasteeveryday,about60percentofthecity’sdailywaste,thegroupsaid.(該組織表示，該工廠每天處理4000噸城市垃圾，約占該市日常垃圾的60%，解決了該市日益嚴(yán)重的垃圾問題)”可知，河內(nèi)每天產(chǎn)生4000除以60%約等于6600噸的垃圾。故選D項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“TheprojectwasbuiltontheformersiteofHanoi'swastetreatmentcenter,wherethemajorityofthecity’swastewaspreviouslyburiedinlandfill.Inadditiontogeneratingcleanenergythroughincineration,theplantalsoproducesenvironmentallyfriendlybricksfromtheresidue(殘渣).TheemittedgasesandwastewateraretreatedtomeetEuropeanUnionemissionstandardsandachievedrinking-waterquality.Coveringanareaof170,000squaremeters,theplantconsistsofwastestoragepools,incinerators,treatmentandprocessingplants,andwastegastreatmentfacilities.(該項目建在河內(nèi)廢物處理中心的舊址上，該市的大部分廢物以前都被埋在垃圾填埋場。除了通過焚燒產(chǎn)生清潔能源外，該工廠還從殘留物中生產(chǎn)環(huán)保磚。排放的氣體和廢水經(jīng)過處理，達(dá)到歐盟排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，達(dá)到飲用水質(zhì)量。該工廠占地17萬平方米，由廢物儲存池、焚燒爐、處理加工廠和廢氣處理設(shè)施組成)”可知，工廠通過焚燒產(chǎn)生清潔能源，處理廢水達(dá)到飲用水水質(zhì)以及用殘留物生產(chǎn)環(huán)保磚來保它是環(huán)保的。故選C項?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)后文“Theylearnskillsquickly(他們學(xué)技能很快)”以及劃線單詞所在句子可知，diligent和intelligent并列，贊揚當(dāng)?shù)厝藢W(xué)技能很快，推知intelligentanddiligent應(yīng)是“聰明勤奮”之意，所以diligent是“勤奮”之意，和D項意思相近。故選D項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Inagroundbreakingproject,ChinaFirstMetallurgicalGrouphascompleteditsfirstoverseaswaste-to-energyplantinHanoi,Vietnam.(在一個開創(chuàng)性的項目中，中國第一冶金集團在越南河內(nèi)完成了其第一個海外廢物轉(zhuǎn)化能源工廠)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了中國第一冶金集團在越南河內(nèi)市建設(shè)的垃圾焚燒發(fā)電廠項目，所以A項“ChinaaidsHanoiwithwaste-to-powerplant(中國援助河內(nèi)建設(shè)垃圾發(fā)電廠)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。“Whatexactlyisanervousbreakdown?____16____.”Dr.DavidA.Merrill,aneurologistandpsychiatrist,furtherexplainsthecondition,“Youfeellikeyouarereachingabreakingpoint.”Youcan’tconcentrate.Intheshortterm,stresscanincreaseyourbrainpowerbyreleasinghormonesthatimprovememorystorageandimproveconcentration.Butinthelongterm,long-timestressmakesitdifficulttoblockoutdistractionsfromoutside.____17____.Youcan’tstopeating.Doyoureachforacupoficecreamorapacketofcookiesafteralongday?There’sagoodreasonforthat.____18____,includingadrenaline(腎上腺素),whichenergizesyourmusclesfora“fightorflight”response.Oncetheadrenalinedisappearsandnolongerhasanyeffect,cortisoltellsthebodytoreplenish(補充)itslostenergystoreswithfood.Yourstomachisupsetallthetime.Sometimesstressandanxietycanappearasstomachachesandcramps.Butifyounoticesomesymptomsthatincludeabdominal(腹部的)painordifferentpains,youcouldhaveIrritableBowelSyndrome(IBS)____19____.Skippingbasicdailypracticescansignalyouarehavingaperiodofdepressionoranemotionalbreakdown.Youdon’tshowerorbrushyourteethasusual.Youspendlittleornotimeonyourclothingorhairstyle.Stressputsburdensonthemindandbody,leadingtotirednessandindifference,whichcancausealossofhappinessorlackofmotivationforactivitiesyouusedtoenjoy.Youhaveadifferentposture.Haveyoueverlookedatsomeoneandthought,“Thatpersonlooksdepressed?”Wecommunicatealotthroughourpostureandnon-verbalgestures,includingourmentalstate.____20____whenpeopleadopta“protectiveposition”—armscrossed,slouching,orfacingaway.A.YoustopcaringabouthowyoulookB.YourecoverfromyourseriousbreakdownC.DepressedpeoplemaymixuptheirwordsD.StresscausesthebraintoreleasehormonesE.ItaffectsyourabilitytofocusonprojectsathandF.ItshowstheyarefeelingverystressedanddefensiveG.Itgenerallydescribesthefeelingofbeingunderlong-termstress【答案】16.G17.E18.D19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。這篇文章詳細(xì)解釋了精神崩潰的癥狀和表現(xiàn)，包括無法集中注意力、無法停止進食、胃部不適、不再關(guān)心外表和姿勢的改變等?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Whatexactlyisanervousbreakdown?(精神崩潰到底是什么?)”以及后文“Dr.DavidA.Merrill,aneurologistandpsychiatrist,furtherexplainsthecondition,“Youfeellikeyouarereachingabreakingpoint.”(神經(jīng)學(xué)家兼精神病學(xué)家戴維·A·梅里爾博士進一步解釋了這種情況，“你會覺得自己快崩潰了?！?”可知，此處是用設(shè)問的方式，引出主題，所以空處應(yīng)是對前文問題的回答，G項“Itgenerallydescribesthefeelingofbeingunderlong-termstress(這通常描述的是一種長期壓力下的感覺)”符合文意，是對前文的回答。故選G項?！?7題詳解】分析設(shè)空位于段尾，是對前文總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Intheshortterm,stresscanincreaseyourbrainpowerbyreleasinghormonesthatimprovememorystorageandimproveconcentration.Butinthelongterm,long-timestressmakesitdifficulttoblockoutdistractionsfromoutside.(在短期內(nèi)，壓力可以通過釋放激素來提高記憶力和注意力，從而提高你的智力。但從長遠(yuǎn)來看，長期的壓力會讓你很難排除外界的干擾。)”可知，本段講述壓力會讓人注意力分散，所以E項“Itaffectsyourabilitytofocusonprojectsathand(它會影響你專注于手頭項目的能力)”符合本段主題，是對前文的總結(jié)。故選E項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Doyoureachforacupoficecreamorapacketofcookiesafteralongday?There’sagoodreasonforthat.(在漫長的一天結(jié)束后，你會想吃一杯冰淇淋或一包餅干嗎?這是有原因的。)”以及后文“includingadrenaline(腎上腺素),whichenergizesyourmusclesfora“fightorflight”response.Oncetheadrenalinedisappearsandnolongerhasanyeffect,cortisoltellsthebodytoreplenish(補充)itslostenergystoreswithfood.(包括腎上腺素，使你的肌肉充滿活力，做出“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”的反應(yīng)。一旦腎上腺素消失，不再起任何作用，皮質(zhì)醇就會告訴身體用食物來補充失去的能量。)”可知，此處在講述為什么壓力大時，為什么想吃東西，主要是因為腎上腺素，所以D項“Stresscausesthebraintoreleasehormones(壓力使大腦釋放激素)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故選D項?！?9題詳解】分析設(shè)空，為本段小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Skippingbasicdailypracticescansignalyouarehavingaperiodofdepressionoranemotionalbreakdown.Youdon’tshowerorbrushyourteethasusual.Youspendlittleornotimeonyourclothingorhairstyle.Stressputsburdensonthemindandbody,leadingtotirednessandindifference,whichcancausealossofhappinessorlackofmotivationforactivitiesyouusedtoenjoy.(跳過基本的日常練習(xí)可能表明你正處于抑郁期或情緒崩潰。你不像往常一樣洗澡或刷牙。你很少或根本不花時間在你的衣服或發(fā)型上。壓力給身心帶來負(fù)擔(dān)，導(dǎo)致疲勞和冷漠，這可能會導(dǎo)致你失去快樂或缺乏動力去做你曾經(jīng)喜歡的活動。)”可知，本段主要講述了壓力大的人，不再注重外表，所以A項“Youstopcaringabouthowyoulook(你不再關(guān)心你的外表)”符合本段主題，為本段小標(biāo)題。故選A項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Haveyoueverlookedatsomeoneandthought,“Thatpersonlooksdepressed?”Wecommunicatealotthroughourpostureandnon-verbalgestures,includingourmentalstate.(你是否曾經(jīng)看著某個人，然后想：“那個人看起來很沮喪?”我們通過姿勢和非語言手勢進行很多交流，包括我們的精神狀態(tài)。)”可知，本段主要講述可以通過一個人的姿態(tài)來判斷他是否壓力大，根據(jù)后文“whenpeopleadopta“protectiveposition”—armscrossed,slouching,orfacingaway.(當(dāng)人們采取“保護姿勢”——雙臂交叉，身體佝僂，或者背對他人時。)”可知，這是一種壓力的大的姿勢，所以F項“Itshowstheyarefeelingverystressedanddefensive(這表明他們感到很有壓力和防御性)”符合文意，引出下文。故選F項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。We,agroupofpsychologists,believepeoplecangainasenseofmeaningfromsmallmoments.Just____21____thefirstbutterflyyouseeafteralongwinterorthesceneryontopofahillafterafreshhike.Werecentlysetouttobetter____22____thisformofsmallbeautyinstudiesthatinvolvedplentyofparticipants.Acrossthestudies,wewere____23____whetherexperimentalappreciationcouldbeaspecial____24____meaningfulness.Atfirst,to____25____ouridea,wehadparticipantsreporthowtheyusually____26____theirstress.Wefoundthatpeoplewhomanagedstressby____27____theirappreciationoflife'sbeautyreportedthattheirlifewas____28____meaningful.Next,weaskedparticipantstorate(評級)variousstatements,suchas"Ihaveagreatappreciationofthebeautyoflife,"aswellasstatementsthatare____29____topurposesandmeaningfulnessinlife.Ourresultsshowedthatthemorepeopleappreci