北京市朝陽區(qū)2025屆高三下學(xué)期3月質(zhì)量檢測（一模）英語試卷及答案

北京市朝陽區(qū)高三年級第二學(xué)期質(zhì)量檢測一英語試卷（考試時間90分鐘滿分100分）本試卷共10頁?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。New-bornbabiesaren’tafraidofthedark.Theydon’thavea___1___ofthedarkyet;thatcomeslater.Oneday,my2-year-olddaughtersuddenlysaid,“Toodark!”afterweturnedoutthelight.Shebelievedsomethingwasunderthebed.To___2___hertears,Ipluggedinthedesklamptoprovetherewerenomonsters.WhenIfirststartedwriting,Ididn’tworryaboutthedarkasIcouldcreateallkindsofstories.Aftergraduation,Ibecameabusyparent.Mywriting___3___.NightsthatIwouldspendreadingorthinkingweregone.Iwroteat5ambeforethe___4___oftheeverydayhousework—laundry,playdatesandfeedings—butsoonnoddedoff.Iwasso___5___.Writinganxietygrewslowly.Wornout,Iforgottobuyanightlight.Thedesklampwastoobright.Anightlightwasenoughtohelpmydaughterseetheoutlineofthebed.Itwouldburnthroughthenight,calmingherfears.Shedidn’tneedittosee;sheneededittofeel___6___.InthebasementIfoundanoldplasticChristmastreeandtookituptoherroom.Mydaughtersawitandclapped___7___,“Light!Mylight!”Itsitsthereyear-round.AChristmastreeinJulyisodd,butperfectdoesn’t___8___,andbesides,itcaststheidealamountoflight.Inbeingaparentandawriter,thereisnofixed___9___,noonewayofdoingthingsthatisright;somethingsthatwemustdoareodd.Manythingsbringthelight.Somebringjustenoughlightthatyouarenolongerafraid.Theshadowylightthatsays,Don’tbescared,writeit!Itisalightto____10____you,tokeepyougoing.Anditburnsthroughthenight,keepingthemonstersatbay.1.A.secret B.hope C.fear D.habit2.A.wipe B.hide C.stop D.draw3.A.slowed B.ceased C.improved D.increased4.A.training B.division C.movement D.repetition5.A.lonely B.tired C.focused D.energetic6.A.safe B.quiet C.proud D.confident7.A.shyly B.softly C.politely D.excitedly8.A.last B.exist C.work D.arrive9.A.need B.term C.bond D.routine10.A.guide B.blind C.attract D.follow第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ZhuMengdan,a15-year-oldfromtheLiethnic(少數(shù)民族的)group,grewupclimbingcoconuttrees.However,shehadneverimaginedherchildhoodgame____11____(become)anofficialeventatanationalcompetitiononeday.In2024,astheyoungestcompetitoronHainan’steam,Zhu____12____(participate)inthecoconuttreeclimbingcompetitionattheNationalTraditionalGamesofEthnicMinorities.“____13____makestheeventsospecialisthatitshowcasesHainan’suniqueculturalidentity.Ihopethiseventcontinuestogrow,”sheremarked.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。DeepSeek-R1,____14____coretechnologiesarebuiltuponanext-generationlargelanguagemodelarchitecture,highlightsChina’sgrowingstrengthinAIinnovation.Thissmartassistantcananswercomplexquestions,createdigitalartandevenwritecomputercode.DeepSeek-R1learnsbyrepeatedly____15____(try),unlikeotherAIsthatrelyonlargeamountsofpreparedexamples.Itpractisesmanytimesandgets____16____(good),muchlikehowstudentsmastermaths.____17____thedevelopmentofDeepSeek-R1,Chinashowstheworldthatgreatthingscomefromnewideasandhardwork,notjustmoney.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。It’sdifficult____18____(understand)jargon-filled(充滿行話的)writingthatacademicshavelongbeenaccusedof.Totrackacademicwritingovertime,TheEconomistanalyzed347,000PhDabstracts____19____(publish)between1812and2023.Theyfoundthattheabstractshavebecomehardertoread.Thoughspecializationandadvancesintechnologyrequiremorepreciseterms,thetrendofunreadableacademicwriting____20____(grow)stronger.Clearandsimplewritingwouldbeabreathoffreshair.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AUNESCOisinvitingteamsandindividualsfromAsiaandthePacifictosubmitcasestudiesontherolesandrisksofintangibleculturalheritage(ICH)(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))inthecontextofclimatechange.ThegoalistosafeguardICHwhileadvancingsustainabledevelopment.ThesecasestudieswilldeepentheunderstandingofthelinksbetweenICHandenvironmentalsustainability,andinformfuturepoliciesandpracticesinheritageprotectionandclimateaction.FocusoftheCaseStudies:Submittedcasestudiesshouldaddressoneormoreofthefollowingquestionsindetail:●WhatrolesdoesICHplayinidentifying,assessingandmonitoringclimatechange?●WhatrolesdoesICHplayinpromotingcommunities’adaptationandsafeguardingagainstclimatechange?●WhatrolesdoesICHplayinreducingcarbonemissions(排放)anddisasterrisk?●Whatarethecultural,socialandeconomicimpactsandriskstoICHpractice,transmission(傳承)andsafeguardingduetoclimatechange?●WhatchangestoICHarerequiredforadaptationtoclimatechange?●WhatarelocalandregionalstrategiesforsafeguardingICHinthecontextofclimatechange?Thecasestudiesshouldbegroundedinevidence-basedresearchandinvolvethewidestpossibleparticipationofthecommunity,groupsorindividuals.Theyshouldhighlightthelinksbetweenculturaldiversityandenvironmentalsustainabilityandofferlocally-suitedsolutionsforsustainabledevelopment.SubmissionDetails:ThecasestudiesshouldbewritteninEnglishandbetween3,000and5,000wordsinlength.Allsubmissionsaretobesenttobeijing.culture@beforeApril15th,2025.Authorsofselectedcasestudiesmayhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinpublicationsorinternationalconferences.21.WhyisUNESCOcallingforcasestudies?A.Toshowtheriskofclimatechange. B.ToprotectICHinasustainableway.C.TostressUNESCO’simportance. D.ToraisefundsforICHprotection.22.Whichofthefollowingisafocusofthecasestudies?A.ICH’sroleinevaluatingclimatechange.B.ICH’seconomicvalueforcommunities.C.GlobalstrategiestosafeguardICH.D.Carbonemissions’effectsonICH.23.Thecasestudiestobesubmittedshould________.A.coverallthelistedquestionsB.maximizepublicparticipationC.bebasedonpersonalopinionsD.bewritteninChineseorEnglishBLutherGerlach’simagesenrichthepermanentcollectionsoftheJ.PaulGettyMuseuminLosAngelesandtheNationalPortraitGalleryinLondon,amongotherinstitutions.Whilestudyinghiswork,onecannothelpbutrevisitthejourneyheundertookinpursuitofart.Gerlachhasdyslexia,aconditionthatmakesitdifficultforhimtoreadandspell,andinmiddleschool,itbegantoaffecthisstudies.AttheUniversityofMinnesota,whereGerlachstudiedbiology,hisstrugglewithwritingreachedatippingpoint.Gerlachlefttheuniversityandenteredartschool.“Arthasneverbeensomethingthatslowedmedown,incontrasttothewrittenword,”Gerlachsays.Aftergraduatingfromartschool,GerlachtookwhathelearnedandtraveledacrosstheUnitedStatessellinghisprintsatartfairs.Itwasthelate1980s,andGerlachtraveledroughly90,000milesayear,takingphotosalongtheway.Hewasmaking$100,000ayeardoingwhatheloved.Buttheemergenceofdigitalphotographychangedeverything.PhotographersbegantousePhotoshoptocreatethehand-brushedqualityofGerlach’sphotographsandtoldcustomerstheywereusingthesameprocessGerlachwasusing.“Iwouldhearthemtalking—completelies,”hesays.Ratherthandiveintodigital,Gerlachmovedintoaphotographicprocessthatwasquiteunusual:thewetcollodion(火棉膠)process,inventedin1851.Theprocessinvolvescoatingaplateofglassormetalwithcollodion,followedbyusingasilvernitrate(硝酸銀)bathtomaketheplatesensitivetolight.Theplateisthenplacedinalight-tightfilmholder,withthephotomadealmostimmediatelywhiletheplateisstillwet.Itwasn’teasywhenhefirststarted,butGerlachhasalwaysconsidered“constantproblemsolving”tobepartofthecreativeprocess.ItmadeGerlachfeel“presentasanartist”.“Isawthefinalproductrightthereinfrontofme.ThesameleavesonthetreethatI’mstandinginfrontofareontheimage,”Gerlachexplains.“TheprocessallowedmetofeelmorelikeaphotographerinsteadofamachinethatprintedprintstosellsoIcouldmakemoney.Andwhenthefinalproductworks,nothingelsecomparestoit.”24.LutherGerlach’sdyslexia________.A.forcedhimtochangehismajorB.drovehimtogointobusinessC.madehimdropoutofmiddleschoolD.affectedhisartisticperformance25.Asdigitalphotographyemerged,LutherGerlach________.A.adoptedauniquephotographictechniqueB.setofffornewplacestotakephotographsC.praisedphotographersforusingPhotoshopD.improvedthehand-brushedqualityofhisphotos26.WhydidLutherGerlachpreferthewetcollodionprocess?A.Itwascheapandreliable.B.Itwaseasyandefficient.C.Itgavehimartisticsatisfaction.D.Ithelpedhimsellprintsforprofit.27Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Necessityinspiresinvention.B.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.C.Hopeforthebest;preparefortheworst.D.Daretobedifferentinaworldofcopycats.CWhenpeopleviewphotographsoffrighteningspiders,scientistsusuallyobserveincreasedelectricalactivitydeepintheirbrain,inaregioncalledtheperiaqueductalgray(PAG).TheobviousconclusionisthatthePAGcontrolsfight-or-flightresponsesinthreateningsituations.Butwhatifbrainsdon’thavededicatedcircuitsforfightingandflighting?Isthreatdetectionreallyaprimarymodeofthebrainwithitsownneuralcircuitry(神經(jīng)回路)?Thisideaoffight-or-flightcircuitsoriginatesfromthe“triunebrain”modeldividingbrainsintotheso-calledlizardbrain,includingthePAG,forsurvivalfunctions,the“l(fā)imbicsystem”foremotions,andthe“neocortex”forhigher-orderreasoning.Ifyouknowanythingaboutevolution,youmightknowthatsomethingisspurious.Theonlyanimalonthisplanetwithalizardbrainisalizard.Also,there’snounifiedlimbic“system”orthe“neocortex”foremotionsorrationality(理性)respectively.Sowheredoesthisleavethefight-or-flightstory?Recently,changesinPAGactivityhavebeenobservedinnonthreateningtasks,suchasreadingafascinatingarticleaboutthebrain.ThePAGhasalsobeenprovedtoregulatebodilysystemscontinuously.Incidentally,thisexplainswhyantianxietymedicationsmanageanxietydisorderswithouthealingthem.Theytargetbraincircuitsthataren’tdedicatedtoanxietyorfight-or-flightbutthatsimplyregulatethebody.Researchesonthebrain’spowersalsocastnewlightonourunderstandings.Indailylife,individualsmightfeelliketheyperceiveandreacttovariousstimuliaseitherthreateningorsafe.Actually,thebrain,usingpastexperiences,skillfullypredictsandformulatesactionplansinanticipationofeventsbeforestimulioccur.Thebrain’spreparatorymechanism,metabolically(新陳代謝地)expensive,involvescomplicatedneuronalactivitiesforsustainingmultiplepredictionsandcorrespondingactionplansoverextendedperiods.Buttheexperiencesinfight-or-flightresponsescraftedbyyourbraindon’trevealhowitworks.Moreover,yourbrain,whichdoesmuchmorethanavoidthreats,handlesacomplexsocialworldfullofuncertainty.That’sarecipeforstress.Andwhatisstress?Itreflectsenergypreparationforanticipatedchallenges.Yourbrainoftenmakessenseofmetaboliccostofuncertainty,ifitdragsonforlongenough,asanxiety,butthat’snotamust.Peopleseekuncertaintyout—anditspositivecousin,novelty—whentheytrynewfoodsorlearnnewskills.Uncertaintyiscommon,butthesedays,withsocialmediaandround-the-clocknewscoverage,itsometimesbombardsusandleavesusanxiousandexhausted.Butthesefeelingsdon’temergefromfight-or-flightcircuits.Theymayjustmean,inaneverchangingandonlypartlypredictableworld,thatyou’redoingsomethinghard.28.TheauthorasksthequestionsinParagraph1to________.A.evaluateastatement B.justifyanassumptionC.challengeanargument D.introduceanewconcept29.Whichdoestheunderlinedword“spurious”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Rare. B.Wrong. C.Limited. D.Unexpected.30.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Huntingfornoveltyreducesstressandanxiety.B.MedicinetargetingPAGcuresanxietydisorders.C.Uncertaintyisaproductofmodernmediaandnewscycles.D.The“FightorFlight”ideaoverlooksthebrain’spredictivepower.DInthefieldwherephilosophyandneuroscienceoverlap,fewquestionshavefascinatedandconfusedhumanityasdeeplyastheconceptoffreewill.Atfirstglance,theideathatwehavethepowertomakechoicesthatarenotpredeterminedseemsintuitive(直覺的).However,acloserexaminationrevealsacomplexwebofphilosophicalargumentsandscientificfindingsthatchallengethisseeminglystraightforwardconcept.Fromaphilosophicalstandpoint,thedebatearoundfreewillhascontinuedintenselyforcenturies.Compatibilistsarguefreewillcancoexistwithdeterminism,aslongasouractionsarearesultofourowndesiresandmotivations.Forexample,choosingamusiccareeroutofpassionisconsideredasafreechoicewithinthisframework.Incontrast,incompatibilistsmaintainfreewillanddeterminismaremutuallyexclusive.Harddeterministsviewtheuniverseasaclosedsystemgovernedbystrictlawsofnature,whereeveryevent,includinghumanactions,ispredetermined.Inthisview,theideaoffreewillisanillusion(幻覺).Neurosciencehasadvancedmarkedlyindecodingthebrainrevealingthatmanyactionsarepreceded(先于)byneuralactivity.Studiesonthebrain’srewardsystemandneurotransmitters,particularlydopamine(多巴胺),furtherchallengethenatureoffreewill.Addictivebehaviors,forinstance,canbestronglyinfluencedbythebrain’sresponsetodopamine.Apersonstrugglingwithaddictionmayfeeltheylackthefreewilltoresistit,astheirbrainchemistryhasbeenalteredinawaythatforcesthemintoacting.Thescientificevidenceisnotconclusive,though.Somearguethattheneuralactivityobservedbeforeconsciousdecisionsmaynotbethecauseoftheactionbutratherpartofthepreparatoryprocessforadecisionthatisstillfreelymade.Additionally,thecomplexityofthehumanbrainandthefactthatmuchofitsfunctioningisstillnotfullyunderstoodleaveroomforthepossibilityoffreewill.Iffreewillisanillusion,itchallengesourfundamentalnotionsofmoralresponsibility.Wepraiseandblamepeoplefortheiractionsbecausewebelievetheycouldhaveacteddifferently.Howcanweholdindividualsaccountablefortheiractionsiftheywerenevertrulyfreetochooseotherwise?Withoutfreewill,theessentialmoralframeworkofoursocietieswouldcollapseintochaoticindifference.Freewillisonlyanillusionifyouare,too.31.Whichofthefollowingsituationsreflectsthecompatibilists’view?A.Drivenbydopamine,Timkeepscheckinghissocialmedia.B.Lucyspeaksfirstafterbeingrandomlyselectedbysoftware.C.Exposedtoasuddenblindinglight,Lilyquicklyshutshereyes.D.Jerryshiftsbetweencompaniesofsharedbikesbasedondiscounts.32.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thealteredbrainchemistryenhancesfreewill.B.Consciousdecisionsareindependentofneuralactivities.C.Harddeterministsseefreewillvitaltomoralaccountability.D.Neuroscientists’viewsonthecausesofhumanactionsdiffer.33.Asfortheexistenceoffreewill,theauthoris________.A.neutral B.disapproving C.positive D.doubtful34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DoesNeuroscienceThreatenFreeWill?B.WhytheArgumentsAgainstFreeWillFailC.ExplorationintotheComplexityofFreeWillD.FreeWill:BridgingNeuroscienceandPhilosophy第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhenIthinkofmyfriends,Iammostlyfilledwithloveandwarmth:Isimplycan’twaittoseethemagainfortheiraffectionandsupport.____35____Intherightmood,theseindividualscandeliverafun-filledevening,butatthewrongmoment,theycandrain(耗盡)allmygoodwill.Ifthissoundsfamiliar,thenyoutoohavefrenemies,whopsychologistscall“ambivalentrelationships”.Theselove-haterelationshipscouldincludeafriend,aparent,acolleagueorevenahusbandorwife.Theirambivalencecancomeinmanyforms.____36____Itcouldbeapartnerlove-bombingyouoneday,butfiercelycriticalthenext,leavingyouunsureabouttheirtruefeelings.____37____Attheveryleast,youwouldexpectthemtobebetterforusthanouraversive(令人厭惡的)relationships.Unfortunately,researchsuggeststhingsaren’tsosimple.AteamattheUniversityofUtahaskedpeopletotakeareaction-timetestandtheyfoundthatrapidlyflashingthenameofanambivalentconnectiononascreenintensifiedstressresponseofparticipants.AnotherstudyatBrighamYoungUniversityfoundthatsimplyknowinganambivalentconnectionwasnearbyasparticipantspreparedtogiveaspeechwasenoughtosendtheirbloodpressurerocketing.____38____Cuttingtieswithourambivalentconnectionsisn’talwayspossibleordesirableiftheyaredeeplymixedintooursocialnetwork.So,whatcanbedone?Simplybeingawareoftheambivalentnatureofarelationshipmightoffersomeprotection.Wecanmanageourexpectationsandmentallyprepareourselvesforthemixedfeelingswheninteractingwithfrenemies.____39____Asimportantly,bealittlemoremindfulofanyinteractionswithallourties.Showotherstheappreciationandrespectwefeelforthem,foraccidentalneglectcouldbetakenasasignofindifference.A.Itmightbeafriendwhoisoftenunavailablewhenyouneedhissupport.B.Wemighthopethatinsuchrelationships,thegoodwouldoutweighthebad.C.Infact,evenunconsciousremindersofafrenemycanbreakourpeaceofmind.D.Thisallowsustofocusontheirgoodqualitiesandshowempathyfortheunpleasantones.E.Ifyoufeelsomeonetoonegativeapresenceinyourlife,youmaydecidetocutoffcontact.F.Ahandful,however,stimulatequitedifferentemotions—amixtureofeagernessandanxiety.G.Afterall,thebenefitsofsocialconnectioncomefromfeelingwellunderstoodandsupported.第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Growingup,myfavouritechildren’sbookwasAmeliaBedelia.Amelia’ssillybehavioursthatwerearesultofherliteralinterpretationoflanguageoftenhadmelaughing.Whenshewastoldtodustthefurniture,insteadofgrabbingafeatherduster,shesprinkled(撒)dustalloverthechairsandtables.AclassicmomentinAmelia’slife.Recently,severalofmyfriendshavedecidedtolimittheiruseofelectronicdevicesforchattingtoavoidpotentialmisunderstandings.Yet,Ienjoyusingthesetoolstostayconnectedwithmychildrenandgrandchildren.ButIadmititdoesleadtomorefrequentAmeliaBedeliamoments.TheotherdayIwasprovidingchildcareformygranddaughterCoraandherone-year-oldbrother,Zay.ZaywassleepingwhileCorawasinherbedroomcolouring,withhertabletrightnexttoher.Hopingtohaveafewminutesofpeace,ItoldCoraIwouldbeinthebackyardandthatsheshouldcallmeifZaywokeup.Shortlyafter,thedooropened.TherewasCora,red-faced,strugglingtocarryZay.Iquicklytookhimfromher,gentlyscolding(訓(xùn)斥),“Cora,Itoldyoutocallme.”Shesimplyreplied,“Grandma,Ididcallyou.Youdidn’tanswer.Where’syourphone?”Hercallhadcomeviaanapponhertablettomyphonewhichwasonthekitchentable.Clearly,wehaddifferentideasofwhat“call”meant.Asmygrandchildrenbecomemoreproficient(熟練)withtechnologyandthelanguageofadifferentgeneration,thereisnodoubtourAmeliaBedeliamomentswillonlyincrease.Icanresistthemisunderstandingsbyputtingmyphoneaway,buttoenjoythesmileofthelovedones,I’dratherkeepitclosertometoexperiencethesillyaccidentsthatwilloccur.40WhatcausedAmelia’ssillybehaviours?____________________________________________________41.Whydidn’ttheauthor’sgranddaughtercallherthewayshehadexpected?____________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.TheauthorcherishesAmeliaBedeliamomentsbecauseshewantstoresistthemisunderstandings.____________________________________________________43.IfyouexperienceanAmeliaBedeliamoment,whatwouldyoudo?(Inabout40words)__________________________________