列車運行控制系統(tǒng)維護MaintenanceofTrainO

鐵道信號自動控制專業(yè)教學資源庫TeachingResourceDatabasefortheSpecialtyofAutomaticControlforRailwaySignal列車運行控制系統(tǒng)維護MaintenanceofTrainOperationControlSystem柳州鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學院LiuzhouRailwayVocationalTechnicalCollege部分圖片來源于網(wǎng)絡SomepicturescomefromtheInternet.列控系統(tǒng)的概念、分類ConceptandClassificationofTrainControlSystem1、什么是列車運行控制系統(tǒng)？？1.Whatisthetraincontrolsystem??由列控中心設備、閉塞設備、地面信號設備、地車信息傳輸設備、車載速度控制設備構(gòu)成的用于控制列車運行速度保證行車安全和提高運輸效率的控制系統(tǒng)。Itisacontrolsystem,composedoftraincontrolcenterequipment,blockequipment,groundsignalequipment,ground-traininformationtransmissionequipmentandon-boardspeedcontrolequipment,tocontroltherunningspeedoftrainstoensureoperationsafetyandimprovetransportationefficiency.簡單的說：Toputitsimply,由車載設備與地面設備構(gòu)成的用于控制列車運行速度保證行車安全和提高運輸效率的系統(tǒng)。Itisasystem,composedofon-boardequipmentandgroundequipment,tocontroltherunningspeedoftrainstoensureoperationsafetyandimprovetransportationefficiency.ConceptandClassificationofTrainControlSystem|Concept2、列控的發(fā)展2.DevelopmentofTrainControl列控系統(tǒng)是隨著技術(shù)發(fā)展而提高的，從初級階段的機車信號與自動停車裝置，發(fā)展到列車速度監(jiān)督系統(tǒng)與列車自動操縱系統(tǒng)。從技術(shù)發(fā)展的趨勢看，列控系統(tǒng)是向著數(shù)字化、自動化、網(wǎng)絡化的方向發(fā)展的，其主要作用是保證列車行車安全、提高運輸效率、降低勞動強度。Thetraincontrolsystemisimprovedwiththedevelopmentoftechnology,fromlocomotivesignalandautomaticstopdeviceintheprimarystagetotrainspeedsupervisionsystemandautomatictraincontrolsystem.Fromtheperspectiveoftechnologydevelopmenttrend,thetraincontrolsystemisdevelopingtowarddigitalization,automationandnetworking.Itsmainfunctionistoensuretrainoperationsafety,improvetransportationefficiencyandreducelaborintensity.現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，對鐵路信號技術(shù)產(chǎn)生了重要影響，為形成現(xiàn)代鐵路信號系統(tǒng)提供了條件。列控系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)是計算機、通信、控制等信息技術(shù)與信號技術(shù)的一個高水平集成與融合的產(chǎn)物。Therapiddevelopmentofmoderninformationtechnologyhasanimportantimpactonrailwaysignalingtechnologyandprovidesconditionsfortheformationofamodernrailwaysignalingsystem.Thetraincontrolsystemhasbeenaproductofhigh-levelintegrationandfusionofcomputer,communication,controlandotherinformationtechnologieswithsignalingtechnology.ConceptandClassificationofTrainControlSystem|Concept3、典型列控系統(tǒng)3.TypicalTrainControlSystem20世紀90年代以后，世界上許多國家研制開發(fā)了具有本國特色的列控系統(tǒng)。在技術(shù)上比較有代表性的且已投入使用的列控系統(tǒng)主要有：Since1990s,manycountriesintheworldhavedevelopedtraincontrolsystemswiththeirowncharacteristics.Technicallyrepresentativetraincontrolsystemsthathavebeenputintousemainlyinclude:德國的LZB系統(tǒng)，法國的TVM300和TVM430系統(tǒng)，日本新干線的ATC系統(tǒng)，以及我國使用的CTCS-2級列控系統(tǒng)，這些系統(tǒng)的共同特點是：可以實現(xiàn)自動連續(xù)監(jiān)督列車運行速度，可靠地防止人為錯誤操作所造成的惡性事故的發(fā)生，保證列車的高速安全運行。ThecommoncharacteristicsofLZBsysteminGermany,TVM300andTVM430systemsinFrance,ATCsystemofShinkanseninJapanandCTCS-2traincontrolsystemusedinChinaarethattheycanautomaticallyandcontinuouslysupervisetherunningspeedoftrains,reliablypreventmalignantaccidentscausedbyhumanerrorsandensurehigh-speedandsafeoperationoftrains.ConceptandClassificationofTrainControlSystem|Classification3、典型列控系統(tǒng)3.TypicalTrainControlSystem法國U/T系統(tǒng)U/TsysteminFrance法國高速鐵路TGV區(qū)段的列控系統(tǒng)，車載信號設備采用TVM300或TVM430，地對車的信息傳輸以無絕緣軌道電路UM71為基礎，該列控系統(tǒng)簡稱U/T系統(tǒng)。TVM300系統(tǒng)采用無絕緣軌道電路UM71，地對車的信息傳輸容量僅有18個，速度監(jiān)控是滯后階梯式的。TVM430系統(tǒng)采用無絕緣軌道電路UM2000，數(shù)字通信技術(shù)使車地間的信息傳輸數(shù)字編碼化，速度監(jiān)控方式改為分級速度曲線控制模式，時速已達320公里。ForthetraincontrolsystemintheTGVsectionofhigh-speedrailwayinFrance,TVM300orTVM430isusedason-boardsignalequipment.Theground-to-traininformationtransmissionisbasedonuninsulatedtrackcircuitUM71.ThistraincontrolsystemisreferredtoasU/Tsystem.TheTVM300systemadoptsuninsulatedtrackcircuitUM71,theground-to-traininformationtransmissioncapacityisonly18,andthespeedmonitoringislagginginasteppedmanner.TheTVM430systemadoptsuninsulatedtrackcircuitUM2000.Thedigitalcommunicationtechnologymakestheground-to-traininformationtransmissiondigitallycoded,andthespeedmonitoringmodeischangedtohierarchicalspeedcurvecontrolmode,withaspeedof320km/h.ConceptandClassificationofTrainControlSystem|Classification3、典型列控系統(tǒng)3.TypicalTrainControlSystem德國LZB系統(tǒng)LZBsysteminGermany德國LZB系統(tǒng)是基于軌道電纜傳輸車地信息的列控系統(tǒng)，是世界上首次實現(xiàn)連續(xù)速度控制模式的列控系統(tǒng)，技術(shù)成熟。它利用軌道電纜作為車地間雙向信息傳輸?shù)耐ǖ?，使用軌道電路來檢查列車占用，軌旁設備較多，給維修帶來不便。LZB以地面控制中心為主計算制動曲線，車載信號設備智能化不夠，與其他列控系統(tǒng)兼容比較困難。TheLZBsysteminGermanyisatraincontrolsystembasedontrackcablestotransmittrain-groundinformation.Itisthefirsttraincontrolsystemintheworldthatrealizescontinuousspeedcontrolmode,withmaturetechnology.Itusestrackcablesasthechannelfortwo-wayinformationtransmissionbetweenthetrainandtheground,andusestrackcircuitstoinspecttrainoccupancy.Thereisalotoftracksideequipment,whichbringsinconveniencetomaintenance.LZBcalculatesthebrakingcurvemainlywiththegroundcontrolcenter.Theon-boardsignalequipmentisnotintelligentenoughandisdifficulttobecompatiblewithothertraincontrolsystems.ConceptandClassificationofTrainControlSystem|Classification3、典型列控系統(tǒng)3.TypicalTrainControlSystem日本ATC系統(tǒng)ATCsysteminJapan日本新干線現(xiàn)有的ATC系統(tǒng)普遍采用目標距離一次制動模式曲線方式，車載設備根據(jù)地面軌道電路傳送來的信息和各開通區(qū)間的長度，求取與前方列車所占用區(qū)間的距離，綜合線路數(shù)據(jù)、制動性能和允許速度等計算出列車運行速度，若列車接近前方減速點時，即刻生成目標距離一次制動模式曲線。目標距離一次制動模式曲線縮短了制動距離，并可根據(jù)列車性能給出不同的模式曲線，提高了運輸效率。TheexistingATCsystemofShinkanseninJapangenerallyadoptstheone-stepbrakingmodecurveofthetargetdistance.Accordingtotheinformationtransmittedbythegroundtrackcircuitandthelengthofeachopeningsection,theon-boardequipmentcalculatesthedistancefromthesectionoccupiedbythetrainahead,andcalculatesthetrainrunningspeedbasedonthelinedata,brakingperformanceandallowablespeed.Ifthetrainapproachesthedecelerationpointahead,theone-stepbrakingmodecurveofthetargetdistancewillbegeneratedimmediately.Theone-stepbrakingmodecurveofthetargetdistanceshortensthebrakingdistance,anddifferentmodecurvescanbegivenaccordingtotrainperformance,thusimprovingtransportationefficiency.ConceptandClassificationofTrainControlSystem|Classification4、列控的分類4.ClassificationofTrainControl按照車地信息傳輸方式分Classificationaccordingtothetrain-groundinformationtransmissionmode①連續(xù)式列控系統(tǒng)①Continuoustraincontrolsystem②點式列控系統(tǒng)②Intermittenttraincontrolsystem③點-連式列車運行控制系統(tǒng)③Intermittent-continuoustraincontrolsystem按控制模式分Classificationaccordingtothecontrolmode

①階梯控制方式①Stepcontrolmode②速度-距離模式曲線控制方式②Curvecontrolmethodofspeed-distancemode按照人機關(guān)系來分類Classificationaccordingtothehuman-machinerelationship①設備優(yōu)先控制的方式①Equipmentprioritycontrolmode②司機優(yōu)先控制方式②DriverprioritycontrolmodeConceptandClassificationofTrainControlSystem|ClassificationCTCS分級CTCSClassification1、概念1.ConceptCTCS英文：ChineseTrainControlSystem中文：中國列車運行控制系統(tǒng)Chinese:中國列車運行控制系統(tǒng)CTCSClassification2、CTCS應用等級劃分

2.ClassificationofCTCSApplicationLevels（1）CTCS-0級(1)CTCS-0通用式機車信號+運行監(jiān)控記錄裝置適合既有線，適用于列車最高運行速度為160km/h及以下。Generallocomotivesignal+operationmonitoringandrecordingdeviceItissuitableforexistinglinesandtrainswithamaximumrunningspeedof160km/horbelow.（2）CTCS-1級(2)CTCS-1主體機車信號+加強型運行監(jiān)控裝置Mainlocomotivesignal+enhancedLKJ面向160km／h及以下的區(qū)段，在既有設備基礎上強化改造，達到機車信號主體化要求。Itisorientedtothesectionswithatrainrunningspeedof160km/horbelow.Thesystemcanmeettherequirementsoflocomotivesignalsubjectificationthroughupgradingonthebasisofexistingequipment,增加點式設備，實現(xiàn)列車運行安全監(jiān)控功能。利用軌道電路完成列車占用檢測及完整性檢查，向列車傳送控制信息。andcanmonitortherunningsafetyoftrainsbyaddingintermittentequipment.Itcanusetrackcircuitstocompletetrainoccupancydetectionandtrainintegrityinspection,andcontinuouslytransmitspeedcontrolinformationtotrains.

CTCSClassification2、CTCS應用等級劃分

2.ClassificationofCTCSApplicationLevels（3）CTCS-2級(3)CTCS-2軌道電路+點式信息設備Trackcircuit+intermittentinformationequipment面向提速干線和高速新線，適用于各種限速區(qū)段，地面可不設通過信號機。Itisorientedtospeed-uptrunklinesandnewhigh-speedlines.Itisapplicabletovariousspeedlimitsections,andtherecanbenoautomaticblocksignalontheground.（4）CTCS-3級(4)CTCS-3無線傳輸信息+采用軌道電路等方式檢查列車占用的列車運行控制系統(tǒng)Awireless-transmission-information-basedtraincontrolsystemusingtrackcircuitsandothermodestoinspecttrainoccupancy

面向提速干線、高速新線或特殊線路。適用于各種限速區(qū)段，地面可不設通過信號機，機車乘務員憑車載信號行車。Itisorientedtospeed-uptrunklines,newhigh-speedlinesorspeciallines.Itisapplicabletoallkindsofspeedlimitareas.Therecanbenoautomaticblocksignalonthegroundandthelocomotivedriverscandrivebytheon-boardsignal.

CTCSClassification2、CTCS應用等級劃分

2.ClassificationofCTCSApplicationLevels（5）CTCS-4級(5)CTCS-4基于無線傳輸信息的列車運行控制系統(tǒng)Awireless-transmission-information-basedtraincontrolsystem面向高速新線或特殊線路，地面不設通過信號機，機車乘務員憑車載信號行車。Itisorientedtonewhigh-speedlinesorspeciallines.Therecanbenoautomaticblocksignalonthegroundandthelocomotivedriverscandrivebytheon-boardsignal.

列車定位和完整性檢查由無線閉塞中心和車載驗證系統(tǒng)共同完成，實現(xiàn)虛擬閉塞或移動閉塞。Theradioblockcenterandon-boardverificationsystemareusedtojointlycompletetrainpositioningandintegrityinspection,torealizevirtualblockormovingblock.

虛擬閉塞是準移動閉塞的一種特殊方式，它不設軌道占用檢查設備，采取無線定位方式來實現(xiàn)列車定位和占用軌道的檢查功能，閉塞分區(qū)是以計算機技術(shù)虛擬設定。Virtualblockisaspecialquasi-movingblockmethod.Ituseswirelesspositioning,insteadoftrackoccupancyinspectionequipment,torealizetrainpositioningandtrackoccupancyinspection.Theblocksubsectionsaresetvirtuallybycomputertechnology.

思考：這五級系統(tǒng)有什么相同點與不同點呢？Thinking:Whatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthesefivelevelsofsystems?CTCSClassification3、CTCS應用等級劃分的特點3.Characteristicso