上海牛津高一下-不定式

GrammarinfinitiveUnit2第1頁(yè)To-infinitive第2頁(yè)做演講很累。我想問(wèn)您一個(gè)極難問(wèn)題。愛(ài)因斯坦收到很多邀請(qǐng)，邀他去闡述自己理論。他母親強(qiáng)迫他離開(kāi)家。為了容納更多人，上海音樂(lè)廳被擴(kuò)建。老實(shí)說(shuō)，我很高興。他似乎坐在那里，專(zhuān)注地思索著。Togivelecturesistiring.I’dliketoaskyouadifficultquestion.Einsteinreceivedmanyinvitationstoexplainhistheories.Hismotherforcedhimtoleavehome.Toseatmorepeople,theShanghaiConcertHallwasmadelarger.Totellyouthetruth,Iwashappy.Heseemedtobesittingthereandthinkinginconcentration.第3頁(yè)動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”組成不定式在句中可做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。

ThefunctionsofTo-infinitive第4頁(yè)1.作主語(yǔ)2.作賓語(yǔ)3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4.作定語(yǔ)5.作狀語(yǔ)6.作表語(yǔ)7.作獨(dú)立成份8.與疑問(wèn)詞等連用第5頁(yè)1._________和_________都能夠作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞多指抽象，概念性動(dòng)作，或者是屢次經(jīng)常性行為不定式多表示詳細(xì)動(dòng)作，尤指是某一次動(dòng)作。Eg:___________________________

isdangerous.玩火很危險(xiǎn)。另外，并行結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題__________isbelieving.______istobelieve.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Playingwithfire/ToplaywithfireSeeingToseetodosthdoingsth1.作主語(yǔ)第6頁(yè)2.動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了句子平衡，通慣用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放在謂語(yǔ)之后。比如：

It’s+adj.(easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,betteretc.)forsb.todosth.It’s+adj.(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate,silly,selfishetc.)ofsb.todosth.第7頁(yè)3、Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.

Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthehomeworkeveryday.作主語(yǔ)我天天花去三個(gè)小時(shí)完成家庭作業(yè)。Ispendthreehoursfinishingthehomeworkeveryday.第8頁(yè)4、Itcostssbsomemoneytodosth.----Itcostme100yuantogettheTVsetrepaired.第9頁(yè)5、Itis+n.(forsb)todosth.ItismypleasuretohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

作主語(yǔ)good/badmanner,pity,shame,pleasure第10頁(yè)_________hasnotbeendecidedyet.

什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身還沒(méi)有決定呢。_____________ortakeatrainisstillaproblem.是自駕車(chē)還是乘火車(chē)仍是一個(gè)問(wèn)題6.“疑問(wèn)詞+todo”WhentoleaveWhethertodrive第11頁(yè)二、不定式作賓語(yǔ)(1)請(qǐng)切記以下小詩(shī)：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。decide/determine/makeupone’smind/bedetermined,learn,want/wouldlike/desire,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan/prepare,agree,ask/beg,help,afford,strive,attempt等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。比如：①Shepretended__________(notsee)mewhenIpassedby.②Weagreed___________(meet)herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.③Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate–runcompaniesarestriving_______(make)theirproductsmorecompetitive.nottoseetomeettomake第12頁(yè)todo/doing忘記去做某事忘記已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事記住去做某事記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事后悔/遺憾要做某事后悔做過(guò)某事停下來(lái)去做另一件事停頓做某件事情努力/試圖做某事嘗試著做某事意欲/想/企圖做某事意味著做某事接著做另一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事不能幫助做某事情不自禁地做某事第13頁(yè)Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(2)think/consider/find/makeit+adj.+todoThe

chairman

thought

___

necessary

to

invite

Professor

Smith

to

speak

at

the

meeting.(05全國(guó))

A.

that

B.

it

C.

this

D.

him第14頁(yè)3、動(dòng)詞＋疑問(wèn)詞+todo

Idon’tknow____________next.

Shecan’tdecide_________________.

作賓語(yǔ)

2、她不能決定買(mǎi)哪本書(shū)。

1、我不知道接下來(lái)該做什么。whattodowhichbooktobuy=Shecan’tdecidewhichbooksheshouldbuy.know,findout,learn,wonder…第15頁(yè)1.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining2.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffDC第16頁(yè)3.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned4.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsBB第17頁(yè)1、動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（sb./sth.)+todosth.1、Theteacheraskedhertoanswerthequestion.2、Thedoctortoldmetohaveagoodrest.

對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明

慣用動(dòng)詞有：beg,request,invite,ask,tell,get,require,desire,urge,allow,advise,push,drive,press,force,threaten,warn,want,wish,expect,wouldlike/love,作賓補(bǔ)尤其注意：hope,demand,suggest，refuse,welcome等不能用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。第18頁(yè)特例：allowpermitforbidencourageadviserecommendHerecommendedmetochangemywayoflife.Irecommended(you)meetinghimfirst.Herparentsencouragehertoloseweight.doingsb.todo第19頁(yè)2、動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+(tobe)adj.他們都相信這篇報(bào)道是真實(shí)。They

all

believe

the

story

_________.我們都感到這個(gè)計(jì)劃是不明智。We

all

felt

the

plan

___________.認(rèn)為他是最正確人選發(fā)覺(jué)中國(guó)人很幸福tobetruetobeunwise第20頁(yè)吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué)一感：feel二聽(tīng)：hear,listento三使：make,let,have五看：see,notice,watch,lookat,observeJohn’smothermakeshimplaythepianoeveryday.被動(dòng)（除let）：John_________playthepianoeveryday.ismadeto3、動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不帶to不定式尤其注意1：感官動(dòng)詞+do/doing尤其注意2：havesb.doing讓人連續(xù)做某事have/getsth.done讓他人干某事，遭受到havesthtodohavesthtobedone尤其注意3：makeoneselfunderstood/heard使自己被聽(tīng)到/被了解第21頁(yè)4、不定式用在but,except,otherthan后時(shí),假如這些詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do各種形式,那么不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.Hedidnothingbut___(wander)onthestreet.Wehadnothingtodobut/otherthan_____(wait).

Ican’tchoosebut________(laugh).注意：另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面不定式也要省略to。第22頁(yè)不定式在句型S.besaid/thought/considered/found/known/believed+todo/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendoing

中作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Thefluisbelieved____________(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.Bellwasbelieved__________(invent)thetelephone.Sheissaid________(write)abook,butIdon’tknowwhenshewillfinishit.tobecausedtohaveinventedtobewriting第23頁(yè)1.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donotto2.The

greedyinn-keeperoncemadethepoorhero____twiceaday.（上海）A．dance

B．dances

C．danced

D．to

dance第24頁(yè)3.----Is

Bob

still

performing?

----I’mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.

（全國(guó)高考江蘇卷）

A.

to

have

left

B.

to

leave

C.

to

have

been

left

D.

to

be

left第25頁(yè)

todo/tobedone表未來(lái)Thecar__________isforhissister.即將被買(mǎi)車(chē)是送給他姐姐。Thehomework_________isassignedbyMiss.Gu~即將要寫(xiě)作業(yè)是英語(yǔ)老師布置。tobeboughttobedone作定語(yǔ)第26頁(yè)2.用來(lái)修飾被序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)或no,all,any等修飾詞.Shewasthefirst______________.她是第一個(gè)知道真相人。Youaretheonlyone____________.你是唯一一個(gè)遲到人。toknowthetruthtobelate第27頁(yè)3.一些名詞后加不定式Hisattempttoexplaintheworkingsofuniverseledtothedevelopmentofnuclearenergy.Hereceivedmanyinvitationstoexplainhistheory.第28頁(yè)4.不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式修飾詞是不定式動(dòng)作地點(diǎn)，工具等，要帶上對(duì)應(yīng)介詞Ineedapentowrite______.Shewantsachairtosit____.Heislookingforaroomtolive___.Thereisnothingtoworry_____.withoninabout第29頁(yè)()1.Ifthebuildingproject________bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A.beingcompletedB.iscompletedC.tobecompletedD.completedC第30頁(yè)目標(biāo)狀語(yǔ)

注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示目標(biāo)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式可用inorderto或soastodosth作狀語(yǔ)第31頁(yè)2.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)①Onlytodo表示出人意料、意想不到結(jié)果Wehurriedtotherailwaystationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.②enoughtodo,too…todo結(jié)構(gòu)Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Heistooexcitedtonotlaugh.第32頁(yè)不定式相當(dāng)于名詞作表語(yǔ)，含義是回答主語(yǔ)“是什么”。這些名詞：work,plan,proposal,task,mission,ambition,hobby,suggestion,aim,通慣用不定式做表語(yǔ)解釋其內(nèi)容是什么。Ourworkistoservethepeople.Hishobbyistocollectstamps.

Myambitionistoworkforafirm.Yourfirstmissionistostopweeping.作表語(yǔ)第33頁(yè)

2.系動(dòng)詞remain，seem后表語(yǔ)

remain__________尚待被怎樣…..remain_________依然保持做某事?tīng)顟B(tài)remain_________依然(未)…tobedonedoing_done(undone)第34頁(yè)(1)Itremains__

_____(see)whetheryouareright.(2)Aftertheearthquake,veryfewhouses

remained_______(stand)．(3)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain_______untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.seatedB.seatingC.tositD.sat

seem__________似乎要….

seem____________似乎正在……。seem_____________似乎已經(jīng)……

(1)Sheseems__________herhomework.她好像做完了她家庭作業(yè)。(2)Itseems______________.好像要下雨了。(3)Heseems______________hishomework.他好像正在做作業(yè).todotobedoingtohavedone第35頁(yè)七.獨(dú)立成份,修飾全句totellyouthetruthtobehonesttobeginwithtoconcludetobesuretobefrank第36頁(yè)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)普通式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing/否定式：nottodo第37頁(yè)動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)態(tài)1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.㈠.

普通式(todo).不定式普通式所表示動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生或不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間性，或之后發(fā)生。第38頁(yè)㈡.進(jìn)行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Hepretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercamein.

強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式所表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。第39頁(yè)㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.假如不定式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前。第40頁(yè)1.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper__________inbroaddaylight

yesterday.A.beingrobbedB.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.robbedC第41頁(yè)(4)完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing

比如：完成進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始并延續(xù)至說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)候。

Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.

我們知道她研究這問(wèn)題有好幾年了。第42頁(yè)動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)態(tài)㈠.主動(dòng)式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.2.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake當(dāng)不定式邏輯上主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí).第43頁(yè)㈡.被動(dòng)式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Heclaimed____inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示動(dòng)作承受者時(shí).第44頁(yè)Idon’twant________likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesoundedA第45頁(yè)課堂精練1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake2.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelieved________inafire.A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyedcD第46頁(yè)3.Asaresultofmylaziness,Ifailed________myworkintime.A.andfinished

B.tofinish

C.andfinishing

D.tofinished4.Robertissaidto__________abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingBA第47頁(yè)Myjobwastowashbottles,whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine,or_______thefilledbottlesinboxes.A.toputB.puttingC.havingputD.beingput

A第48頁(yè)1.Joestoppedeatingchocolate,andhewentback___________again.A.tosmokingB.tosmokeC.smokingD.smoke2.Helenhadtoshout_________abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardBD第49頁(yè)3.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_______thefilmstarhadalreadyleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told4.Thedriverturnedhiscarsharplytothelefttogivethewaytotherunningbullonly_______atreebytheroad.A.toknockintoB.knockingintoC.toknockatD.knockedoverBA第50頁(yè)課堂精練1.Wearenotallowed__________outdoorswithsomeotherchildren.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.toplayD.beplaying2.Myfamilyconsiders________acomputer,whichisconsidered________agreathelpinourworkandstudy.A.tobuy;tobeB.buying;beingC.tobuy;beingD.buying;tobeCD第51頁(yè)3.---Willyouhaveanybody_________theflowers?----Yes,I’llhavetheflowers_________.A.plant,plantedB.toplant,plantedC.plant;tobeplantedD.toplant,plant4.Thiscompanywasthefirst____portableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.producedAB第52頁(yè)5.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomake6.Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardCD第53頁(yè)7.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen_______,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard

D第54頁(yè)1.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learn

B.tolearn

C.learned

D.learningB第55頁(yè)7）由and,or,than,ratherthan,as或like連接兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to能夠省去：

Iinte