譯林版高中英語選擇性必修第四冊UNIT1 Period4課件

Period4

UNIT1

Honestyandresponsibility主題語境人與自我——優(yōu)秀品行，正確的人生態(tài)度，公民義務(wù)與社會(huì)責(zé)任課時(shí)學(xué)案單元語法講練(Grammarandusage)resign(one'spost)as...

辭去……職務(wù)resignoneselfto(doing)sth．

聽任(某種影響)；

只好接受(做)某事；順從1．resignvt．&vi．辭職，辭去[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Hehadresignedhimselfto________(watch)theEuropeanChampionshipsontelevision．②Heresigned__HomeSecretaryandreturnedtothebackbenches．③我們只好接受銷售造成的虧損。Wehadto_____________________________onthesale．watchingasresignourselvestomakingaloss(1)beashamedof(doing)sth．

因(做了)某事而感到羞愧

beashamedtodosth．

恥于做某事；

因難為情而不愿做某事beashamedthat... 對(duì)……感到羞愧/尷尬

(2)shamen．

羞恥；慚愧；讓人遺憾的事(3)shamefuladj．

可恥的，丟臉的shamelessadj．

無恥的2．a(chǎn)shamedadj．慚愧，羞愧，尷尬[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/一句多譯①Shewasashamedof__________________(fail)intheexamination．②Shewasashamed_______(tell)anyonethatshehadfailedintheexam．③Itisashame____youcan'tstaywithus．havingfailed/failingtotellthat④我是如此羞愧，以至于我感到心如刀絞，眼淚模糊了我的雙眼。a．Iwas____________________asifaknifewerebeingtwistedinmyheart，tearscloudingmyeyes．(so...that)b．_______________________asifaknifewerebeingtwistedinmyheart，tearscloudingmyeyes．(so...that句型的倒裝形式)soashamedthatIfeltSoashamedwasIthatIfelt(1)forgivesb．sth．

原諒某人某事forgivesb．for(doing)sth．

因(做)某事原諒某人forgiveandforget 既往不咎(2)forgivenessn．

原諒；寬恕3．forgivevt．&vi．原諒，寬恕；免除(債務(wù))[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Forgivemefor____________(interrupt)，butIreallydon'tagreewiththat．②Theywentdownontheirkneesandbeggedfor_________(forgive)．③我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)原諒你對(duì)我所做的事。Iwillnever________________________________________．interruptingforgivenessforgiveyouforwhatyouhavedonetomepretendtodosth．

假裝做某事pretendtobe＋n．

自詡/自稱/自認(rèn)為……pretendtobedoingsth．

假裝正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth．

假裝做了某事pretendthat... 假裝……4．pretendvi．&vt．假裝；裝扮，扮作；自詡，自認(rèn)為[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/一句多譯①Shepretendedto___________(study)whenhermothercameback．②Theboypretendedto___________(fall)asleepwhenhisfathercameback．bestudyinghavefallen③當(dāng)我們在街上相遇時(shí)，她假裝不認(rèn)識(shí)我，這使我很難過，以至于淚水模糊了我的眼睛。a．She________________________________whenwemetinthestreet，whichmademesofrustratedthattearsblurredmyeyes．(賓語從句)b．She_______________________whenwemetinthestreet，whichmademesofrustratedthattearsblurredmyeyes．(不定式)pretended(that)shedidn'tknowmepretendednottoknowme狀語從句一、狀語從句概述定義狀語從句用作狀語，是起副詞作用的句子。位置狀語從句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，時(shí)間、條件、原因和讓步狀語從句放在句首時(shí)需要用逗號(hào)和主句隔開。分類根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、讓步、結(jié)果、方式和比較等狀語從句。作用它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。二、狀語從句詳解1．時(shí)間狀語從句(1)when，while，as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句when從句謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主從句動(dòng)作可以同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。while從句謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。as從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或交替進(jìn)行，意為“一邊……，一邊……；隨著……”。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived．我們到達(dá)時(shí)，天正在下雨。WhileJohnwaswatchingTV，hiswifewasreadingbooks．約翰在看電視的時(shí)候，他的妻子正在看書。Ashegrewolder，hebecamelessactive．隨著他逐漸長大，他變得不那么活潑了。(2)after，before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句after和before表示的是兩個(gè)時(shí)間或兩個(gè)事件之間的先后關(guān)系。after引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作通常發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，如果主句用過去時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。before引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作通常發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后，如果從句是過去時(shí)，主句一般要用過去完成時(shí)。before表示“在……之前；還未……就……；趁著”，常用于以下句型中：Itwillbelongbefore...要過好久才……Itwillnotbelongbefore...過不了多久就……Itwaslongbefore...過了好久才……Itwasnotlongbefore...過了不久就……Afterhehadworkedinthefactoryfortenyears，hewentabroad．他在這家工廠工作了10年后就出國了。MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived．我父親剛好在信到之前去加拿大了。Itwon'tbelongbeforeweknowtheresultoftheexperiment．我們很快就會(huì)知道實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。(3)since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，當(dāng)從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)時(shí)，主句的謂語一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft．自從你離開以來，我一直在北京。(4)until/till/not...until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句till和until一般情況下可以互換(till一般不放句首)，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil/tillitwastwelveo'clock．他一直等他父親到十二點(diǎn)。Tomcannotgotothecinemauntilhefinishescleaningthebicycle．湯姆要把自行車擦干凈才能去看電影。(5)表示“一……就……”的連詞或短語引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句①該類引導(dǎo)詞有：assoonas，themoment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。②在hardly...when...，nosooner...than...結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，when或than所在的從句用一般過去時(shí)。Thenewbuildingprogrammewillgoaheadassoonasthegovernmentreleasesthefunds．政府一旦釋放資金，新的建設(shè)計(jì)劃就會(huì)開始實(shí)施。Wehadhardly/nosoonergottothedestinationwhen/thanwesetouttodosomevolunteerworkthere．＝Hardly/Nosoonerhadwegottothedestinationwhen/thanwesetouttodosomevolunteerworkthere．我們一到達(dá)目的地，就開始做一些志愿者工作。(6)其他連接詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句everytime/eachtime(每次)，(the)nexttime(下次)，anytime(隨時(shí))，(the)lasttime(上次)，thefirsttime(第一次)，bythetime(當(dāng)……的時(shí)候)ThefirsttimeIheardofStephenHawking，Iwasmovedbyhisdevotiontotheresearch．當(dāng)我第一次聽說斯蒂芬·霍金時(shí)，我就被他對(duì)研究的奉獻(xiàn)所感動(dòng)。Bythetimeyoucomeback，we'llhavecompletedtheproject．到你回來的時(shí)候，我們將已完成這項(xiàng)工程。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1]單句語法填空①Thetrainhadleft

hehadtimetodashintotakebackhisbag．②Ithasbeentenweeks

hepostedhisapplicationformtothecompany；however，hehasn'tgotanyreply．③Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe

thecarfactorylaunchesanewmodel?④Thelittlegirlwasabouttogotoschool

somethingserioushappenedtoher．beforesincebeforewhen2．地點(diǎn)狀語從句where與wherever意義基本相同，但后者語氣較強(qiáng)，多用于書面語。同時(shí)地點(diǎn)狀語從句在句首時(shí)常兼有抽象條件意味。Whensolvingtheproblemasecondtime，you'dbetterbemorecarefulwhereyoumadeamistake．再次解決這個(gè)問題時(shí)，你最好在上次出錯(cuò)的地方更仔細(xì)一些。Whereverhegoes，hereadilyaccommodatestonewcircumstances．無論到哪兒，他都能隨即適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。3．原因狀語從句(1)because用來回答why的提問，語氣最強(qiáng)，一般放在主句之后。Hewenttoabigcitybecausehewantedtomakehisfortune．他去了一個(gè)大城市，因?yàn)樗氚l(fā)財(cái)。(2)since/nowthat表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首；as引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句首，說明次要的原因，主句說明結(jié)果，常用于口語中。4．讓步狀語從句(1)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有：although，though，while(盡管，雖然)，evenif/though，whether...or...，疑問詞＋-ever與nomatter＋疑問詞等。Evenifitshouldraintomorrow，wewillcontinueourwork．即使明天下雨，我們也要繼續(xù)工作。Whetheryougoornot，Iwillgotovisitmyteacher．不管你去不去，我都要去看望我的老師。Whatever/Nomatterwhatyouwanttodo，pleaselookbeforeyouleap．不管你想做什么事，請(qǐng)三思而后行。(2)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句需采用部分倒裝，有時(shí)though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句也采用部分倒裝。Childasheis，heknowsalotaboutthehistoryofChina．雖然他只是個(gè)孩子，但是他懂得許多中國歷史方面的知識(shí)。(注意child前不用冠詞)Youngthoughheis，heknowshowtodealwithsuchathing．他雖然年輕，但懂得如何處理這件事。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]單句語法填空①________thereisawill，thereisaway．②______________heisyoung，heisexperienced．③_____youarefreetoday，youhadbetterhelpmewithmymathematics．④Tired_________sheis，shegoesonworking．⑤Youshouldn'tgetangryjust_______somepeoplespeakillofyou．WhereWhile/AlthoughSinceas/thoughbecause5．目的狀語從句(1)sothat/inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，could等；inorderthat引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前或之后，sothat引導(dǎo)的從句只能位于主句之后。(2)forfearthat(唯恐；以防)與incase引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也用should/might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形。Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeforfearthathisfathermightseehim．男孩躲在樹后，怕他的父親看見他。6．結(jié)果狀語從句(1)sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，從句中一般不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從句前可加逗號(hào)。Hemadeanapologytohisteachersothatsheforgavehim．他向老師道歉，結(jié)果她原諒了他。(2)so...that中so后面跟形容詞或副詞；such...that中such后面跟名詞。Hewassodiscouragedthathegaveupthisprojectintheend．他如此灰心，以至于他最后放棄了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。Jackissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim．＝Jackissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim．杰克是一個(gè)非常誠實(shí)的工人，我們都相信他。7．條件狀語從句(1)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞(組)主要有if，unless，so(as)longas，onconditionthat，so(as)faras等。Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean．只要你保持書的整潔，你就可以借。[名師點(diǎn)津]條件狀語從句中的if不能用whether替換。例如：Ifheisnotintheoffice，hemustbeoutforlunch．如果他沒在辦公室，那他一定出去吃午飯了。(2)if和unless的用法區(qū)別if表示正面的條件，意為“如果”；unless表示反向的條件，意為“除非，如果不……”。Ifyou'vegotexamstomorrow，whydon'tyoustudy?如果你明天有考試，你為什么不學(xué)習(xí)？Thesportsmeetwillbegintomorrowunlessitrains．運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)明天將要開始舉行，除非下雨。(3)given(that)，providing，provided(that)，supposing(that)，suppose(that)，onconditionthat和incase這些連詞(詞組)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在……條件下”等意思。Alllivingthingsrespireaslongastheylive．所有的生物只要活著都要呼吸。Supposing(that)youfailasecondtime，don'tgetdisappointed，buttryagain．假如你又一次失敗了，不要沮喪，再試一次。8．方式狀語從句(1)方式狀語從句常由as，asif(though)，theway，ratherthan等引導(dǎo)。YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou．你必須按照我給你做的示范來鍛煉。Heactedasifnothinghadhappened．他表現(xiàn)得好像什么也沒發(fā)生一樣。(2)as和justas用法區(qū)別二者都表示“如……，猶如……，正如……”。justas比as強(qiáng)調(diào)的語氣更強(qiáng)。Intheearlydays，peoplecouldnotcountaswedonow．在早些時(shí)候，人們不和我們現(xiàn)在一樣能計(jì)數(shù)。Mostplantsneedsunlightjustastheyneedwater．大部分植物像它們需要水一樣需要陽光。9．比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常用than，so(as)...as等引導(dǎo)。Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave．我犯的錯(cuò)誤比你多很多。Herunsasfastasacheetah．他跑得跟獵豹一樣快。[即時(shí)訓(xùn)練3]單句語法填空①Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety____ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage．②Youmusttrytoholdthetool__Ido．③Just__wesweepourrooms，weshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds．thatasas用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞完成下面的短文MyclassmateMichaelstudiedveryhard1．_____hewenttoseniorhighschool．Everydayheworked2．__________everyoneelseinourclasslefttheclassroom．Hesaidhewouldn'tstoptrying3．____________hegotsatisfyingscoresinhisstudies．Hard4．_________hetried，hemadelittleprogress，buthedidn'tloseheartatall5．__________hebelievedaslongashepersistedhewouldsucceedoneday．a(chǎn)fteruntil/tillunless/untilas/thoughbecause/as6．__timewentby，hemadeimprovementsinhisstudiesandhewasadmittedtoauniversityinBeijingatlast．Wehadhadaget-togetherparty7．______westartedournewlifeinuniversity．Everyonehadgotoffersfromdifferentuniversities，sowehadaverygoodtime．8．______westood9．_____weusedtoplayandstudy，wecouldn'thelpthinkingofourhappyolddays．Webelievedthatwewouldneverforgeteachother，10．________wewouldgoorwhateverwewoulddo．AsbeforeWhenwherewherever①privilegen．榮幸，特殊利益

vt．給予特權(quán)，特別優(yōu)待②presentvt．(以某種方式)展現(xiàn)，顯示，表現(xiàn)；(口頭或書面)表達(dá)，表示③adulthoodn．成年④embracevt．&vi．欣然接受；包含；擁抱⑤phasen．階段，時(shí)期課下預(yù)習(xí)第二篇課文(Extendedreading)⑥instorefor即將發(fā)生的，即將面臨的⑦awell-developedsenseofresponsibility高度的責(zé)任感⑧beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)⑨burdenvt．(使)擔(dān)負(fù)(沉重或艱難的任務(wù)、職責(zé)等)；負(fù)重⑩anchorn．錨；給以安全感的人(或物)vi．&vt．拋錨；使固定?mercyn．仁慈，寬恕atthemercyofsb．/sth．任……處置，對(duì)……無能為力?likewiseadv．同樣地；也，而且?take...seriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待……?deadlinen．最后期限，截止日期?guidancen．指導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航followsb．'sguidance遵從某人的指導(dǎo)?gofarbeyond遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過……，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止……?encountervt．遭遇；遇到(尤指令人不快或困難的事)?gowrong(情況)出岔子，出差錯(cuò)?insteadof而不是?faultn．過錯(cuò)，責(zé)任；弱點(diǎn)，缺點(diǎn)?virtuen．美德；正直的品性；優(yōu)點(diǎn)?integrityn．誠實(shí)正直；完整，完好?bettermentn．改進(jìn)；改善；改良?organicadj．有機(jī)的，統(tǒng)一的；綠色的，不使用化肥的；生物的?starfishn．海星，星魚?discouragedadj．灰心的?makeadifferenceto對(duì)……有影響，對(duì)……有作用?garbagen．垃圾；廢話?contributeto有助于，促進(jìn)；對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)?leadto導(dǎo)致，造成(后果)?savingn．節(jié)省物，節(jié)省；儲(chǔ)蓄金?bonusn．意外收獲，獎(jiǎng)金，紅利?rewardingadj．值得做的，有益的?weighonsb．/sth．使焦慮不安，加重……的思想負(fù)擔(dān)?jaden．玉，碧玉?begood-for-nothing一無是處，不中用，無用之人?sowvi．&vt．(sowed，sown)播種，種?harvestn．收成，收獲量；收獲季節(jié)，收割

vt．&vi．收割，捕獵TakingresponsibilityHonouredguests，teachersandstudents，itismypleasureandprivilege①towelcomeyouheretodayandpresent②mythoughtsonthisspecialoccasion．Students，thetimehasarrivedforyoutofullyacceptyourpassageintoadulthood③．IhaveseenyougrowfromnervousSenior1studentsintoconfidentyoungadults，whositbeforemetoday[1]，readytoembrace④thenextphase⑤ofyourlives．Youmustbebothexcitedandanxiousaboutthenewexperiencesthatareinstorefor⑥you[2]．Don'tworry，foryouareallresponsibleyoungpeople[3]，wellpreparedandwellequippedtosuccessfullymanagethechallengesoftheyearsahead．[1]who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞confidentyoungadults。[2]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞thenewexperiences。[3]for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，意為“因?yàn)椋捎凇?。Atschool，youhavegraduallyunderstoodtheimportanceofawell-developedsenseofresponsibility⑦．Youacceptthatyouareresponsiblefor⑧yoursuccessesandyourfailures．Hopefully，youhavelearnttotreatresponsibilitynotasaweightthatburdens⑨you[4]，butratherasafoundationwhichwillsupportyourfuturedevelopment[5]．Ashipwithoutananchor⑩isatthemercy?ofthewavesandwinds;likewise?，apersonwhohasnosenseofresponsibility[6]isatthemercyoftheirowncarelessandthoughtlessbehaviour．[4]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞aweight。[5]which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞afoundation。[6]who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞aperson。Asstudents，youmusttakeyourstudiesseriously?andacceptresponsibilityforyourownlearning．Thismeansmeetingdeadlines?foryourschoolwork，followingyourteachers'

guidance?，andofcourse，alwaysaimingforacademicexcellence．However，yourresponsibilitiesgofarbeyond?yourstudies．Asyougothroughyourdailylife[7]，youwillencounter?manydifficultsituationswherethingsmaygowrong?[8]．Insteadof?beingquicktoblameothers，analysetheproblem，andifitisindeedyourownfault?，bereadytoadmityourmistakeandthencorrectit．Thisway，youpractisethevirtue?ofcourage．Alwaysgiveyourbestinwhateveryousetouttodo[9]，howeverdifficultthatmightbe[10]．Thisway，youpractisethevirtueofdetermination．Behonestbysayingwhatyoumeanandbymeaningwhatyousay．Thisway，youpractisethevirtueofintegrity?．Takingresponsibilityinallaspectsofyoureverydaylife，therefore，willhelpbuildastrongcharacter．[7]As引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，as意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。[8]where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞manydifficultsituations。[9]whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作介詞in的賓語。[10]however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Apartfrompersonaldevelopment，assumingresponsibilityforyouractionsisalsoimportantforthebetterment?ofsociety．Societyisanorganic?whole，andassocialbeings，wehavearesponsibilitytomakeacontribution．Youmayhaveheardthestoryofasmallboywhotriedtosavestarfish?leftonthebeachafterastorm[11]，bythrowingthembackintothesea．Passers-bytoldhimthathewaswastinghistime，forhecouldnotpossiblysavethemall．However，theboywasnotdiscouraged?，believingthathecouldmakeadifferenceto?theonesthathesaved[12]．Asaresult，thepassers-byfeltinspiredandjoinedhiminsavingthestarfish．Similarly，thelittlethingsyoudocanmakeadifference!Forexample，pickingupgarbage?aroundyourneighbourhood

contributesto?acleanerenvironment．Reportingaspeedingcarhelpsensureroadsafety．Beingenergy-efficientleadsto?

savings?ofourpreciousnaturalresources．Doingvolunteerworkatalocalnursinghomebringsloveandwarmthtotheelderly．Justlikethe“starfishboy”

，youmayeveninspirepeoplearoundyoutodothesame，whichisanaddedbonus?[13]．Workingtogether[14]，wehavethepowertograduallybutcontinuouslyadvanceoursociety．[11]who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞asmallboy；過去分詞短語leftonthebeachafterastorm作后置定語，修飾starfish。[12]動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語believing...作狀語；第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞theones。[13]which引導(dǎo)非