2020-2021學(xué)年山東省威海市高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題 解析版

PAGE4試卷第=!異常的公式結(jié)尾頁(yè)，總=sectionpages2424頁(yè)P(yáng)AGE3山東省威海市2020-2021學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題一、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全短文閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從方框中選出能填入文中空白處的最合適的單詞或短語(yǔ)，并將相應(yīng)標(biāo)號(hào)（ABCDE……）涂在答題卡上。注意，其中有兩個(gè)多余選項(xiàng)。A．troubledB．a(chǎn)dultC．sharingD．expertE.acceptedF.solutionG.hintsH.inspiredI.preventJ.curiousK.determinedL.encouragesI’venoticedIamthequeenofunwantedadvicetomy1．childrenandI’mhardlyaloneinthis.Whentheytellmeaboutthingsthathave2．them,Ibecomea(n)3．oneverythingandanything,whichI'mobviouslynot.Ican’thelpgoingintoMommode,“Youshould...”,“Youneedtoconsider...”.Iwanttobepartoftheirlivesand4．themfrommakingmistakesthatareobvioustome.Buttheyjustwantalisteningearandanopenheart.Theyarenotlookingfortipsand5．a(chǎn)ndtheymaynotevenwantanimmediate6．totheirproblems.Theyarelookingforasafeplacetotalkwithapersonwholovesand7．them.Thoughwemayseeourselves8．thewisdomofouryearswiththem,theyseeacontrollingparentwhohasn’t9．thefactthatthey’readultswiththeirownthoughtsandfeelings.ButI'mlearningveryslowlythattalkingatisnotthesameastalkingwith.I’vedecidedtobecomeabetterparentbybeingabetterlistener.It’snotaneasytask,butIam10．.【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．I5．G6．F7．L8．C9．E10．K【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要通過(guò)講述作者和有些父母一樣，喜歡對(duì)孩子提出無(wú)用的建議，作者指出孩子只想要一個(gè)傾聽(tīng)的耳朵和敞開(kāi)的心。他們并不是在尋找建議和提示，他們甚至可能不想立即解決他們的問(wèn)題。他們正在尋找一個(gè)安全的地方，與一個(gè)愛(ài)他們、鼓勵(lì)他們的人交談。1．考查形容詞。句意：我注意到我對(duì)我成年的孩子們提出無(wú)用建議很在行，而且并不是只有我一個(gè)人這樣。修飾后文名詞children，表示“成年的”應(yīng)用形容詞adult，作定語(yǔ)。故填adult。故選B。2．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他們告訴我那些困擾他們的事情時(shí)，我就成了一個(gè)萬(wàn)事通，而我顯然不是。空處在從句中作謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表“困擾”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞trouble，結(jié)合上文have可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填troubled。故選A。3．考查名詞。句意：當(dāng)他們告訴我那些困擾他們的事情時(shí)，我就成了一個(gè)萬(wàn)事通，而我顯然不是。根據(jù)上文冠詞結(jié)合句意，可知應(yīng)填單數(shù)名詞expert，作表語(yǔ)。故填expert。故選D。4．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我想成為他們生活的一部分，并防止他們犯在我看來(lái)很明顯的錯(cuò)誤。結(jié)合句意表示“防止”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞prevent，結(jié)合上文為短語(yǔ)wanttodosth.，故應(yīng)填原形。故填prevent。故選I。5．考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：他們并不是在尋找建議和提示，他們甚至可能不想立即解決他們的問(wèn)題?？仗幾髻e語(yǔ)，表示“提示”應(yīng)填名詞hint，為可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合上文tips可知應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)。故填hints。故選G。6．考查名詞。句意：他們并不是在尋找建議和提示，他們甚至可能不想立即解決他們的問(wèn)題?？仗幾髻e語(yǔ)，結(jié)合上文animmediate以及語(yǔ)境表示“解決方案”可知應(yīng)填單數(shù)名詞solution。故選F。7．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他們正在尋找一個(gè)安全的地方，與一個(gè)愛(ài)他們、鼓勵(lì)他們的人交談?？仗幵趶木渲凶髦^語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表示“鼓勵(lì)”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞encourage，且定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞person保持一致，結(jié)合上文loves可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。故填encourages。故選L。8．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然我們可能會(huì)看作在把自己的智慧與他們分享，但他們看到的是一個(gè)控制欲強(qiáng)的父母，無(wú)法接受他們是有自己想法和感受的成年人這一事實(shí)。根據(jù)句意表示“分享”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞share，且分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知share在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語(yǔ)ourselves構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，作賓補(bǔ)。故填sharing。故選C。9．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：雖然我們可能會(huì)看作在把自己的智慧與他們分享，但他們看到的是一個(gè)控制欲強(qiáng)的父母，無(wú)法接受他們是有自己想法和感受的成年人這一事實(shí)?？仗幵趶木渲凶髦^語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意表示“接受”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞accept，根據(jù)上文hasn’t可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填accepted。故選E。10．考查形容詞。句意：這不是件容易的事，但我有決心。根據(jù)上文Iam以及句意“有決心的”，可知應(yīng)填形容詞determined，作表語(yǔ)。故選K。二、閱讀選擇WhileteamayhaveoriginatedinAsia,nowtherearemanycountriesallaroundtheworldthathaveteawovenintotheirfoodcultureandtraditions.Thisisoneoftheveryspecialpartsofteaasithasawayofconnectingpeopleallovertheworldindifferentwaysandceremoniesthatfinallyallresultsinagroupofpeoplesittingtogetherandenjoyingacupoftea.ChineseteacultureSinceChinaisviewedasthebirthplaceoftea,itisnowonderthatChineseteacultureisrichwithhistoryandtradition.Today,ChineseteacontinuestobeusedinChinesemedicineandiscommonlyconsumedonbothcasualandformaloccasionsbothforpersonalenjoymentandtorepresentChineseculturaltraditions.JapaneseteacultureJapanalsohasalonghistorywithtea,especiallyJapaneseMatcha,whichisakindofgroundgreenteathatiscommonlyusedinJapaneseteaceremoniesandonlyinrecentyearsbecamepopularinwesternculture.BritishteacultureWhenmanypeoplethinkabouttea,Britishteacultureiswhatcomestomind.AhotcupofEnglishBreakfastorEarlGreyteaserveswithalittlemilkandabiscuitintheafternoonasapick-me-upfortheday.EventhoughteamaynotbenativetoEngland,thisBritishteatraditionisstillgoingstrongtoday.MoroccanteacultureWhenyouvisitMorocco,itishardtomisstheoutstandingteaculturethatissuchalargepartofMoroccanhospitality.Beforeanygathering,negotiation,orsaleofaproduct,apotofmintteaisalwayspreparedandservedamongthehostandguests.ThisisanexpressionofMoroccantraditionandhospitality,whichshouldalwaysbeacceptedbyguestsasasignofappreciationandrespecttothehost.11．Whycanteafinditswayintovariousfoodcultures?A．ItoriginatesinAsia. B．Itformsdifferentceremonies.C．Itgetspeopleconnectedeasily. D．Itallowspeopletosittogether.12．WhatdoChineseandJapaneseteacultureshaveincommonaccordingtothetext?A．Theyhavealonghistory. B．Theyareusedinmedicine.C．Theyarefamousforgroundgreentea. D．They’velonggainedworldwiderecognition.13．WhyaretheBritskeenonteaintheafternoon?A．Togetnewenergy. B．Tobringoutrespect.C．Toshowhospitality. D．Toobserveatradition.14．Inwhichcountrymayacupofmintteabeservedbeforenegotiation?A．China. B．Japan. C．Britain. D．Morocco.15．Inwhichcolumnonsocialmediamaythetextappear?A．HealthyYou. B．SocialInsight. C．CulturalCorner. D．ItchyFeetTravel.【答案】11．C12．A13．A14．D15．C【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。雖然茶起源于亞洲，但如今世界上許多國(guó)家的飲食文化和傳統(tǒng)中都融入了茶的元素。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)、日本、英國(guó)和摩洛哥的茶文化。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisisoneoftheveryspecialpartsofteaasithasawayofconnectingpeopleallovertheworldindifferentwaysandceremoniesthatfinallyallresultsinagroupofpeoplesittingtogetherandenjoyingacupoftea.(這是茶的一個(gè)非常特殊的部分，因?yàn)樗ㄟ^(guò)不同的方式和儀式將世界各地的人們聯(lián)系在一起，最終導(dǎo)致一群人坐在一起，享受一杯茶)”可知，茶能融入各種飲食文化，是因?yàn)樗谷藗兒苋菀椎芈?lián)系在一起。故選C。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Chineseteaculture部分中“SinceChinaisviewedasthebirthplaceoftea,itisnowonderthatChineseteacultureisrichwithhistoryandtradition.(由于中國(guó)被視為茶的誕生地，所以中國(guó)茶文化具有豐富的歷史和傳統(tǒng)也就不足為奇了)”以及Japaneseteaculture部分中“Japanalsohasalonghistorywithtea,especiallyJapaneseMatcha,whichisakindofgroundgreenteathatiscommonlyusedinJapaneseteaceremoniesandonlyinrecentyearsbecamepopularinwesternculture.(日本的茶也有悠久的歷史，尤其是日本抹茶，這是一種研磨的綠茶，日本茶道中普遍使用，直到近幾年才在西方文化中流行起來(lái))”可知，中國(guó)和日本的茶文化共同點(diǎn)在于它們有很長(zhǎng)的歷史。故選A。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Britishteaculture部分中“AhotcupofEnglishBreakfastorEarlGreyteaserveswithalittlemilkandabiscuitintheafternoonasapick-me-upfortheday.(下午，一杯熱騰騰的英式早餐或格雷伯爵茶，配上一點(diǎn)牛奶和一塊餅干，可以作為一天的提神劑)”可知，英國(guó)人喜歡下午喝茶是因?yàn)槿藗兛梢詮闹蝎@得新能量。故選A。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Beforeanygathering,negotiation,orsaleofaproduct,apotofmintteaisalwayspreparedandservedamongthehostandguests.(在任何聚會(huì)、談判或銷(xiāo)售產(chǎn)品之前，主人和客人之間總是準(zhǔn)備一壺薄荷茶)”可知，在摩洛哥談判前可以喝一杯薄荷茶。故選D。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“WhileteamayhaveoriginatedinAsia,nowtherearemanycountriesallaroundtheworldthathaveteawovenintotheirfoodcultureandtraditions.(雖然茶起源于亞洲，但如今世界上許多國(guó)家的飲食文化和傳統(tǒng)中都融入了茶的元素)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了中國(guó)、日本、英國(guó)和摩洛哥的茶文化。可推知，文章可能出現(xiàn)在社交媒體的“文化角落”欄目。故選C。Saturn,analligator,aged84,diedattheMoscowZoo.ThatinitselfmadeSaturnunusual.Inthewild,thenormallifespanforanalligatoris30to50years.ButlongevitywastheleastunusualaspectofSaturn’slifestory.SaturnwasbornsomewhereinMississippiin1936andwasshippedtotheBerlinZoofromwhichhedisappearedonNovember23rd,1943,whenthezoowasstrickeninanairbombingcampaign.Ofthe16,000animalsoncekeptintheBerlinZoo,fewerthan100survivedthewar.Saturnwasoneofthem.Whenhegotfreedomin1943,Saturnwas7yearsold.InJune1946,analmostadultSaturnwasdiscoveredandcapturedbyBritisharmy.ThealligatorwasthenturnedovertothealliedSoviettroopsinBerlinwhosenthimontoMoscowwherehewouldliveinthenext74years.ItwasinMoscowthatwordgotaroundthatSaturnwasapetwhichbelongedtoAdolfHitler.ThisundocumentedepisodewithHitlermadeSaturnapublicfigure.“Evenifhebelongedtosomeone,”thezoo’sannouncementofSaturn’sdeathsays,“animalsarenotinvolvedinwarandpolitics.”O(jiān)fficialsattheMoscowZootreatedhimasanhonoredguest.“Wetriedtotakecareofhimwithgreatcareandattention.Hewaspickyaboutfood.”Evenamonghiskeepers,heknewwhoheliked.Heperfectlyrememberedthetrustedkeeper.Ifazooanimalcanbeahistoricalfigure,officialssaythisonequalifies.“Saturnisawholeeraforus.Thereisnottheslightestexaggeration,”theannouncementofhisdeathsaid.“HecameafterthevictoryinWWII—andwitnessedits75thanniversary.Itisagreathappinessthateachofuscouldlookintohiseyes,justquietlybeingnear.Hesawmanyofusaschildren.Wehopethatwedidnotdisappointhim.”DeathmaynotendSaturn’spubliccareer.IthasbeenreportedthathisbodywillbemaintainedandplacedonshowatMoscow’sCharlesDarwinMuseumofBiology.16．Whatdoestheunderlined“That”inParagraph1referto?A．Saturn’sdeath. B．Saturn’slongevity.C．Saturn’slifestory. D．Saturn’slivingconditions.17．ReadthetimelineofSaturn’slife.Whichmatchestheeventtotheyearwhenithappened?A．SaturnwasbornandraisedintheBerlinZooin1936.B．Saturnsurvivedanairattackandgotfreedomin1943.C．SaturngotcaughtbythealliedSoviettroopsin1946.D．Saturncelebratedits75thbirthdayanddiedin2020.18．WhatdoweknowaboutSaturnwhilehewasinMoscow?A．Hewaskeptapetthere. B．Hecouldrememberallthekeepers.C．Helivedago-as-you-pleaselife. D．Hegotwell-knownasapickyeater.19．WhatmakesSaturnahistoricalfigureaccordingtothetext?A．HisstorywithAdolfHitler. B．Hisuncommon84-yearlifespan.C．Hewillbeonshowafterdeath. D．Hewasidentifiedasahistorywitness.20．Whatmightbethepurposeofthetext?A．Tointroduceanunusualalligator. B．TodrawvisitorstotheMuseuminMoscow.C．Topresenttheimpactofwaronpooranimals. D．Toshowaclosebondbetweenmanandanimals.【答案】16．B17．B18．C19．D20．A【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了一只名叫Saturn的短吻鱷，活到了84歲，在莫斯科動(dòng)物園去世。文章介紹了Saturn的一些情況，它見(jiàn)證了二戰(zhàn)75周年紀(jì)念，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)歷史人物。16．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞上文“Saturn,analligator,aged84,diedattheMoscowZoo.(84歲的短吻鱷Saturn在莫斯科動(dòng)物園去世)”以及后文“Inthewild,thenormallifespanforanalligatoris30to50years.ButlongevitywastheleastunusualaspectofSaturn’slifestory.(在野外，短吻鱷的正常壽命是30到50年。但長(zhǎng)壽是Saturn生命故事中最不足為奇的一個(gè)方面)”可知，Saturn的壽命達(dá)到了84歲，這使它與眾不同，故畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞指的是“Saturn的長(zhǎng)壽”。故選B。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“SaturnwasbornsomewhereinMississippiin1936andwasshippedtotheBerlinZoofromwhichhedisappearedonNovember23rd,1943,whenthezoowasstrickeninanairbombingcampaign.Ofthe16,000animalsoncekeptintheBerlinZoo,fewerthan100survivedthewar.Saturnwasoneofthem.(1936年，Saturn出生在密西西比州的某個(gè)地方。1943年11月23日，當(dāng)柏林動(dòng)物園遭遇空襲時(shí)，Saturn失蹤了。在柏林動(dòng)物園曾經(jīng)養(yǎng)過(guò)的16000只動(dòng)物中，只有不到100只在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中幸存下來(lái)。Saturn就是其中之一)”以及第三段中“Whenhegotfreedomin1943,Saturnwas7yearsold.(當(dāng)在1943年獲得自由時(shí)，Saturn只有7歲)”可知，B選項(xiàng)“Saturn在一次空襲中幸存下來(lái)，并于1943年獲得自由”與發(fā)生的年份相匹配。故選B。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中“OfficialsattheMoscowZootreatedhimasanhonoredguest.“Wetriedtotakecareofhimwithgreatcareandattention.Hewaspickyaboutfood.”Evenamonghiskeepers,heknewwhoheliked.Heperfectlyrememberedthetrustedkeeper.(莫斯科動(dòng)物園的官員們把它當(dāng)作貴賓對(duì)待?！拔覀?cè)囍ば恼樟纤?。他挑食?！奔词乖谒娘曫B(yǎng)員中，他也知道自己喜歡誰(shuí)。他完全記得那個(gè)值得信賴(lài)的飼養(yǎng)員)”可知，Saturn在莫斯科過(guò)著自在愜意的生活。故選C。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Ifazooanimalcanbeahistoricalfigure,officialssaythisonequalifies.(如果動(dòng)物園里的動(dòng)物可以成為歷史人物，官員們說(shuō)這只動(dòng)物絕對(duì)有資格)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“HecameafterthevictoryinWWII—andwitnessedits75thanniversary.(他在二戰(zhàn)勝利后來(lái)到這里，并見(jiàn)證了二戰(zhàn)75周年紀(jì)念)”可知，Saturn被確認(rèn)為一個(gè)歷史見(jiàn)證人，這使得它成為一個(gè)歷史人物。故選D。20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Saturn,analligator,aged84,diedattheMoscowZoo.ThatinitselfmadeSaturnunusual.(84歲的短吻鱷Saturn在莫斯科動(dòng)物園去世。這本身就使Saturn與眾不同)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一只名叫Saturn的短吻鱷，活到了84歲，在莫斯科動(dòng)物園去世。文章介紹了Saturn的一些情況，它見(jiàn)證了二戰(zhàn)75周年紀(jì)念，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)歷史人物?？赏浦?，這篇文章的目的是介紹一條不尋常的短吻鱷。故選A。Weoftenhear"Honestyisthebestpolicy,andnoonelikestobecalledaliar.Butisdishonestyalwayswrong?Notnecessarily.Accordingtopsychologists,therearetwotypesoflies:liesthathelpyourrelationshipsandthepeoplearoundyouarecalledpro-sociallies;andliesthathurtthemantisociallies.Howoftenhaveyouclicked"Like"onMomentWechat,notbecauseyouactuallylikewhatyourfriendsposted,butbecauseyouwanttoshowyoursupport?Thiswhitelieisanexampleofapro-sociallie.Butwhenpeopletellliesonsocialnetworkstomaketheirownlivesseemmoreexciting,ortomakeothersjealous,thisisantisociallying.Workplaceliesrangefromharmlessliestodestructiveuntruthfulstatement.Anexampleofapro-socialworkplacelieiscomplimentingsomeoneontheirpresentation—eventhoughitwasonlyaverage—becauseyouknowtheywerenervousbeforehand.Inthiscaseyourintentionissimplytoprotectyourcolleague’sfeelings.However,peoplesometimestellbiggerliesatworkforthepurposeofavoidingblameortostayontheboss’sgoodside.Theseareantisociallies.It'santisocialbecauseyourbossislikelytodiscoverthetruthandasaresult,willprobablystoptrustingyou.Lyingisalsoasignificantpartofthenaturalworld.Soit’slittlewonderweresorttoitalmostreflexively.Humanbabiessometimespretendtocry,checktoseeifanyoneislistening,andthenstartcryingagain.Bytheageoffive,childrenlearntosaythingsthatarecompletelyuntrue,andmostnine-year-oldshavemasteredkeepingsecretstoprotectthemselves.Lyingcanbeincrediblyharmfultoourrelationshipsandtothepeoplearoundus.Butthat’sonlytrueforantisociallies.Pro-sociallieshavetheoppositeeffect—theycanactuallyhelpus.21．Whatmayhelpustellapro-socialliefromanantisociallie?A．Thepurposeitserves. B．Thewayitistold.C．Theoccasionwhereitistold. D．Thepeopleitistoldto.22．Whydowepraiseacolleague’sordinarypresentation?A．Tokeepapositiverelationship. B．Tomakeourbossfeelbetter.C．Toeasehis/hernervousness. D．Toavoidhurtinghis/herfeelings.23．Whatdoes“resortto”inParagraph5mean?A．Admitto. B．Turnto. C．Showrespectto. D．Lookforwardto.24．Whichstatementissupportedbythepassage?A．Weusuallytellpro-socialliestoprotectourownfeelings.B．Lyingalwayshurtsboththeliarandthepersonbeingliedto.C．Lyingonsocialmediaispro-social,butface-to-facelyingisn’t.D．Sometimes,makingpeoplefeelgoodoutweighstellingtheabsolutetruth.25．Whichmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Liesthatharmus. B．Lyingisasecondnature.C．Liesthatweneedtotell. D．Honestyisthebestpolicy.【答案】21．A22．D23．B24．D25．C【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了謊言的兩種類(lèi)型，一種是有助于你的人際關(guān)系和周?chē)说闹e言被稱(chēng)為親社會(huì)謊言，還有一種是傷害他人的反社會(huì)謊言。介紹了兩種謊言的不同之處和影響，指出讓人感覺(jué)良好比說(shuō)出絕對(duì)的真相更重要。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Howoftenhaveyouclicked"Like"onMomentWechat,notbecauseyouactuallylikewhatyourfriendsposted,butbecauseyouwanttoshowyoursupport?Thiswhitelieisanexampleofapro-sociallie.Butwhenpeopletellliesonsocialnetworkstomaketheirownlivesseemmoreexciting,ortomakeothersjealous,thisisantisociallying.(你有多少次在朋友圈點(diǎn)了贊，不是因?yàn)槟阏娴南矚g你的朋友發(fā)布的東西，而是因?yàn)槟阆氡硎灸愕闹С?？這個(gè)善意的謊言是有利于社會(huì)謊言的一個(gè)例子。但當(dāng)人們?yōu)榱俗屪约旱纳羁雌饋?lái)更刺激，或讓別人嫉妒而在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上撒謊時(shí)，這就是反社會(huì)的謊言)”可推知，行為的目的可以幫助我們區(qū)分有利于社會(huì)的謊言和反社會(huì)的謊言。故選A。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Anexampleofapro-socialworkplacelieiscomplimentingsomeoneontheirpresentation—eventhoughitwasonlyaverage—becauseyouknowtheywerenervousbeforehand.Inthiscaseyourintentionissimplytoprotectyourcolleague’sfeelings.(職場(chǎng)上親社會(huì)謊言的一個(gè)例子是恭維某人的演示——即使很一般——因?yàn)槟阒浪麄兪孪群芫o張。在這種情況下，你的目的只是為了保護(hù)你同事的感情)”可知，我們贊揚(yáng)同事的普通表現(xiàn)，是為了避免傷害他/她的感情。故選D。23．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞上文“Lyingisalsoasignificantpartofthenaturalworld.(撒謊也是自然界的重要組成部分)”以及后文“Humanbabiessometimespretendtocry,checktoseeifanyoneislistening,andthenstartcryingagain.(人類(lèi)嬰兒有時(shí)會(huì)假裝哭泣，看看有沒(méi)有人在聽(tīng)，然后又開(kāi)始哭泣)”可知，撒謊是人的本能行為，所以人們求助于謊言來(lái)解決問(wèn)題也不足為奇，故resortto的意思是“求助于”。A.Admitto.承認(rèn)；B.Turnto.求助于；C.Showrespectto.表示尊重；D.Lookforwardto.期待。故選B。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Anexampleofapro-socialworkplacelieiscomplimentingsomeoneontheirpresentation—eventhoughitwasonlyaverage—becauseyouknowtheywerenervousbeforehand.Inthiscaseyourintentionissimplytoprotectyourcolleague’sfeelings.(職場(chǎng)上親社會(huì)謊言的一個(gè)例子是恭維某人的演示——即使很一般——因?yàn)槟阒浪麄兪孪群芫o張。在這種情況下，你的目的只是為了保護(hù)你同事的感情)”以及最后一段“Lyingcanbeincrediblyharmfultoourrelationshipsandtothepeoplearoundus.Butthat’sonlytrueforantisociallies.Pro-sociallieshavetheoppositeeffect—theycanactuallyhelpus.(撒謊會(huì)對(duì)我們的人際關(guān)系和周?chē)娜嗽斐蓸O大的傷害。但這只適用于反社會(huì)的謊言。親社會(huì)的謊言有相反的效果——它們實(shí)際上可以幫助我們)”可推知，文章支持D選項(xiàng)“有時(shí)，讓人感覺(jué)良好比說(shuō)出絕對(duì)的真相更重要”的說(shuō)法。故選D。25．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Weoftenhear"Honestyisthebestpolicy,andnoonelikestobecalledaliar.Butisdishonestyalwayswrong?Notnecessarily.(我們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到“誠(chéng)實(shí)是上策，沒(méi)有人喜歡被稱(chēng)為騙子?！钡遣徽\(chéng)實(shí)總是錯(cuò)的嗎？不一定)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了謊言的兩種類(lèi)型，一種是有助于你的人際關(guān)系和周?chē)说闹e言被稱(chēng)為親社會(huì)謊言，還有一種是傷害他人的反社會(huì)謊言。介紹了兩種謊言的不同之處和影響，指出讓人感覺(jué)良好比說(shuō)出絕對(duì)的真相更重要?？芍?，C選項(xiàng)“我們需要說(shuō)的謊言”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。三、七選五Thesedays,footballisoneofthemostpopularsportsintheworld.26．Itwasthenknownascuju,agameusingaballofanimalskinswithhairinside.FootballasweknowittodaystartedinGreatBritain,wherethegamewasgivennewrules.Thebasisofthepopularityoffootballmaybethatitissuchasimplegametoplay.27．Youdon’tneedexpensiveequipment;eventheballdoesn’thavetocostmuchmoney.Allovertheworldyoucanseekidsplayingtotheirhearts’contentwithaballmadeofplasticbags;justlikePeledidwhenhewasaboy.28．Itisfunenoughtoattractmillionsofpeople.Youdonothavetobeafantorecognizetheskillofprofessionalplayersortofeeltheexcitementofagameendingwithasurprisingtwist.What’more,footballhasbecomeoneofthebestwaysforpeopletocommunicate:itdoesnotrequirewords,buteveryoneunderstandsit.29．Take,forexample,thefamousfootballgameonChristmasDay1914.WorldWarIhadbrokenoutmonthsbefore,butBritishandGermansoldiersputdowntheirgunsandplayedfootballtogether—onemomentofpeacetorememberduringyearsofconflict.30．However,intheeyesofBillShankly,thefamousfootballerandmanager,itismuchmoreimportantthanthat.Thismightsoundfunny,butoneonlyhastothinkabouttheEarthtorealisethatourplanetisshapedlikeafootball.A．Itisalsoagamethatisverycheaptoplay.B．Itisfairlyeasytounderstandwhenyoustartwatching.C．Somepeoplebelievefootballisamatteroflifeanddeath.D．Itisplayedin208countriesandithasabout4billionfans.E.Itbreaksdownwallsandbringspeopletogetheronandoffthefield.F.ThehistoryofthegamegoesbackovertwothousandyearstoAncientChina.G.Anotherfactorbehindfootball’sglobalpopularityisitsexcitementonthefield.【答案】26．F27．A28．G29．E30．C【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。如今，足球是世界上最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)之一。文章主要介紹了足球的歷史、受歡迎的原因等。26．根據(jù)上文“Thesedays,footballisoneofthemostpopularsportsintheworld.(如今，足球是世界上最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)之一)”以及后文“Itwasthenknownascuju,agameusingaballofanimalskinswithhairinside.FootballasweknowittodaystartedinGreatBritain,wherethegamewasgivennewrules.(蹴鞠是一種用獸皮做成的球，球里面有毛。我們今天所知道的足球起源于英國(guó)，在那里這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)被賦予了新的規(guī)則)”可知，上文提到了足球這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，后文則是在介紹它的起源，可知本句是在介紹足球的歷史，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中thegame指代上文football。故F選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的歷史可以追溯到兩千多年前的古代中國(guó)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。27．根據(jù)上文“Thebasisofthepopularityoffootballmaybethatitissuchasimplegametoplay.(足球之所以受歡迎，可能是因?yàn)樗且豁?xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)動(dòng))”以及后文“Youdon’tneedexpensiveequipment;eventheballdoesn’thavetocostmuchmoney.Allovertheworldyoucanseekidsplayingtotheirhearts’contentwithaballmadeofplasticbags;justlikePeledidwhenhewasaboy.(你不需要昂貴的設(shè)備；就連球也不用花多少錢(qián)。在世界各地，你都可以看到孩子們拿著塑料袋做的球盡情地玩耍；就像貝利小時(shí)候一樣)”可知，本段主要在介紹足球這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的特性，后文提到不需要花很多錢(qián)，可知足球是很便宜的游戲。故A選項(xiàng)“這也是一個(gè)很便宜的游戲”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。28．根據(jù)后文“Itisfunenoughtoattractmillionsofpeople.Youdonothavetobeafantorecognizetheskillofprofessionalplayersortofeeltheexcitementofagameendingwithasurprisingtwist.(它的樂(lè)趣足以吸引數(shù)百萬(wàn)人。你不必是游戲的粉絲，也能意識(shí)到專(zhuān)業(yè)玩家的技能或感受到游戲結(jié)尾的驚喜)”可知，后文提到足球的樂(lè)趣吸引數(shù)百萬(wàn)人，且提到了足球游戲場(chǎng)上的驚喜，可知本句是在解釋足球受歡迎的原因是受到很多人歡迎。故G選項(xiàng)“足球在全球流行的另一個(gè)因素是它在球場(chǎng)上的受歡迎度”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。29．根據(jù)后文“Take,forexample,thefamousfootballgameonChristmasDay1914.WorldWarIhadbrokenoutmonthsbefore,butBritishandGermansoldiersputdowntheirgunsandplayedfootballtogether—onemomentofpeacetorememberduringyearsofconflict.(以1914年圣誕節(jié)著名的足球比賽為例。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)在幾個(gè)月前爆發(fā)，但英國(guó)和德國(guó)士兵放下槍?zhuān)黄鹛咦闱颉@是多年沖突期間值得紀(jì)念的和平時(shí)刻)”可知，后文英國(guó)和德國(guó)足球比賽例子說(shuō)明足球可以讓人們打破隔閡，團(tuán)結(jié)在一起。故E選項(xiàng)“它打破了隔閡，讓人們?cè)趫?chǎng)上和場(chǎng)下團(tuán)結(jié)在一起”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。30．根據(jù)后文“However,intheeyesofBillShankly,thefamousfootballerandmanager,itismuchmoreimportantthanthat.Thismightsoundfunny,butoneonlyhastothinkabouttheEarthtorealisethatourplanetisshapedlikeafootball.(然而，在著名的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員和經(jīng)理BillShankly的眼里，它比這更重要。這聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能很有趣，但只要想想地球，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的星球形狀像足球)”可知，后文however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，指出著名的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員和經(jīng)理認(rèn)為有比足球更重要的事情，說(shuō)明本句是在說(shuō)明一些人對(duì)足球的不同看法，故C選項(xiàng)“有些人認(rèn)為足球是生死攸關(guān)的事”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。四、根據(jù)中英文提示填寫(xiě)單詞31．Thestudents’impressivep______(表現(xiàn))werehighlypraisedbytheirEnglishteacher.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】performances【詳解】考查名詞。句意：學(xué)生們令人印象深刻的表現(xiàn)受到了英語(yǔ)老師的高度贊揚(yáng)?？仗幮栌妹~作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知，performance表現(xiàn)，名詞，符合題意，根據(jù)空后be動(dòng)詞were可知，空處名詞需用復(fù)數(shù)。故填performances。32．OnlineEnglish-learningforumscanbeaveryusefullearningr______(資源).（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】resource【詳解】考查名詞。句意：網(wǎng)上英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)論壇是一個(gè)非常有用的學(xué)習(xí)資源。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知，resource資源，名詞，符合題意，不定冠詞a后需接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。故填resource。33．Formanychildren,parentsarethemostimportantrolemodelsthattheya______(欽佩).（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】admire【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：對(duì)許多孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，父母是他們最敬佩的榜樣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知，admire欽佩，動(dòng)詞，符合題意；由主句be動(dòng)詞are可知，空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)，所以空處動(dòng)詞需用原形。故填admire。34．Whatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobed______(遞送)?（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】delivered【詳解】考查不定式的被動(dòng)形式。句意：如果從遠(yuǎn)方的朋友那里得到消息的唯一方式就是寫(xiě)信，而這些信需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能送到，那該怎么辦呢？根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知，deliver遞送，動(dòng)詞，符合題意，此處表示“信件被送”，所以空處需用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式：tobedone。故填delivered。35．Manyanimalsmigratea______(每年)fromoneplacetoanother.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】annually【詳解】考查副詞。句意：許多動(dòng)物每年從一個(gè)地方遷移到另一個(gè)地方。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞migrate要用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示及句意，故填annually。36．Wecanremindourselvesofnature’sb______(美麗)andprotectthenaturalworldbyusingnaturaldyes.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】beauty【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們可以提醒自己大自然的美，保護(hù)自然世界使用天然染料。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及句意“美麗”，可知應(yīng)填名詞beauty，作賓語(yǔ)，表抽象概念，不可數(shù)。故填beauty。37．Themeatballisincrediblysoftandjuicy.Highlyr______(推薦)!(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)【答案】recommend【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：肉丸非常柔軟多汁。強(qiáng)烈推薦！根據(jù)單詞首字母以及漢語(yǔ)意思“推薦”，可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞recommend，此處為肯定祈使句，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用原形。故填recommend。38．Mygrandpaish______(向……表示敬意)withaseatattheheadofthetableduringthefamilydinner.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】hono(u)red【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：在家宴期間，我的爺爺坐在上座，以示我們的敬意。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示“向……表示敬意”及句意可知，此處是固定短語(yǔ)behono(u)redwith向……表示敬意。故填hono(u)red。39．Myownexperiencesshowhowsportisap______(強(qiáng)大的)toolfordevelopinglifeskills.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】powerful【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，運(yùn)動(dòng)是一種發(fā)展生活技能的強(qiáng)大工具。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及漢語(yǔ)提示“強(qiáng)大的”，可知應(yīng)填形容詞powerful，作定語(yǔ)修飾tool。故填powerful。40．Lastnight’sepisodeofBestSingerwase______(極其)excitingandtotallyunforgettable.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】extremely【詳解】考查副詞。句意：昨晚的《最佳歌手》非常激動(dòng)人心，令人難忘?？仗幮栌酶痹~作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞exciting，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知，extremely極其，副詞，符合題意。故填extremely。五、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式，并將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。HaveyouhadenoughtroublespellingEnglishwords?Youarenotalone.ScholarshavearguedagainsttheirregularitiesinEnglishspellingsincethe17thcentury.Partoftheproblem41．(cause)bythevariousoriginsofEnglishwords.German,Latin,FrenchandGreekareallcommon42．(source),andeachfollowsadifferentsetofrulesforspelling.SomeEnglishlearnersknowthat43．(memorize)theLatinrootsofEnglishwordsisagreatwaytoenlargetheirvocabulary,asmanyLatin-rootedwordsenteredEnglishfromFrenchaftertheNormanConquest(諾曼人征服英格蘭).TheNormansusedFrench44．thelanguageofthecourt,throwingOldEnglishoutofofficialusageforaround300years.BythetimeEnglishwasagainallowedatthecourt,itwasaFrench-influencedlanguage.Therewas45．(actual)nosetformofspelling.Untilthe15thcenturytheuseoftheprintingpressandthemassdistribution(大量流通)ofbooks46．(freeze)thespellingofwords.Thespellingsystemweusetodayisbasedonthe47．(pronounce)ofthattime.SupportersofEnglishspellingreformarguethatreplacingwordswithregularspellingruleswillmakethemeasier48．(remember).Otherssaythatthespellingsystem,on49．Englishisbasedtoday,leavesplentyofapplicationstounlockingthehistoryofthelanguage,50．(help)readersunderstandtheoriginsofwords.【答案】41．iscaused42．sources43．memorizing44．a(chǎn)s45．a(chǎn)ctually46．froze47．pronunciation48．toremember49．which50．helping【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文講述了由于英語(yǔ)起源于多種不同的語(yǔ)言，因此其拼寫(xiě)規(guī)則各不相同，這給學(xué)英語(yǔ)者造成了拼寫(xiě)困難，對(duì)于英語(yǔ)拼寫(xiě)改革的呼吁人們各執(zhí)一詞。41．考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：造成這個(gè)問(wèn)題的部分原因是英語(yǔ)單詞的各種起源。分析句子成分可知，所設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，本句講述客觀(guān)事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所給詞“cause(vt.引起，造成)”與主語(yǔ)“Partoftheproblem(部分原因)”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，綜上，故填iscaused。42．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：德語(yǔ)、拉丁語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和希臘語(yǔ)都是常見(jiàn)的來(lái)源，每種語(yǔ)言都遵循不同的拼寫(xiě)規(guī)則。分析句子成分可知，所設(shè)空處為表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其前的all可知應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，結(jié)合句意，故填sources。43．考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：一些英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者知道，記住英語(yǔ)單詞的拉丁詞根是擴(kuò)大詞匯量的好方法，因?yàn)樵S多拉丁詞根的單詞是在諾曼征服后從法語(yǔ)進(jìn)入英語(yǔ)的。分析句子成分可知，該句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，“____3______(memorize)theLatinrootsofEnglishwords”作主語(yǔ)，所以可用動(dòng)名詞形式作主語(yǔ)，故填memorizing。44．考查介詞。句意：諾曼人使用法語(yǔ)作為法庭語(yǔ)言，將古英語(yǔ)從官方用語(yǔ)中淘汰了大約300年。根據(jù)句意可知，“___4____thelanguageofthecourt”作狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其后的賓語(yǔ)可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞，“as(prep.作為)”符合語(yǔ)境，故填as。45．考查副詞。句意：實(shí)際上沒(méi)有固定的拼寫(xiě)形式。分析句子成分可知，所設(shè)空處作狀語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用副詞形式，根據(jù)所給提示詞，“actually(adv.實(shí)際上)”符合語(yǔ)境，故填actually。46．考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：直到15世紀(jì)，印刷機(jī)的使用和書(shū)籍的大規(guī)模發(fā)行將單詞的拼寫(xiě)固定下來(lái)。分析句子成分可知，所設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Untilthe15thcentury”可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填froze。47．考查名詞。句意：我們今天使用的拼寫(xiě)系統(tǒng)是基于當(dāng)時(shí)的發(fā)音。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“the___7___(pronounce)ofthattime”作賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用名詞，根據(jù)所給提示詞，故填pronunciation。48．考查不定式。句意：英語(yǔ)拼寫(xiě)改革的支持者認(rèn)為用規(guī)則的拼寫(xiě)規(guī)則替換單詞會(huì)使它們更容易記住。作表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)的形容詞后常跟不定式作補(bǔ)足成分，所以在easier之后用不定時(shí)形式，意為“記起來(lái)更容易”，故填toremember。49．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：另一些人則認(rèn)為，作為今天英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)的拼寫(xiě)系統(tǒng)，留下了大量的應(yīng)用程序來(lái)解鎖語(yǔ)言的歷史，幫助讀者理解單詞的起源。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“”做非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“thespellingsystem”，在定語(yǔ)從句中使用了固定短語(yǔ)“bebasedon…(以……為基礎(chǔ))”，該先行詞作介詞on的賓語(yǔ)，故填which。50．考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意見(jiàn)上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“__10___(help)readersunderstandtheoriginsofwords”作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，所給詞“help(幫助，有助于)”與句中主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填helping。六、閱讀表達(dá)閱讀下面短文，回答文后的6個(gè)問(wèn)題，并把答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。Sittingarounddoingnothingusedtoseemlikeoneofthesafestactivitiespossible.Thenafewyearsago,scientistsdiscoveredthatsittingalldaycausesharmfulmetabolicchangesthattogetherincreaseyourchancesofmeetinganearlyend.Evenregularexercisedoesn’treducetheilleffectsofsittinginachairallday.Suddenly,sittingaroundbecamepublichealthenemynumberone.Could20secondsanhourofactivitylengthenyourlife?AstudywhichwasconductedbyscientistsattheUniversityofTexasatAustinandpublishedinMedicine&ScienceinSports&Exercise,closelyobservedeightyoung,healthyvolunteersastheysataround.Onthefirstdayoftheexperiment,theysimplylungedforsixhours.Onthesecondday,theygotupfromtheirlazingeachhourandengagedinfiveroundsof4secondsofintenseexerciseonaspecializedexercisebike.Twentysecondstotalexerciseanhoursoundslikenothing,butthedatashoweditmadeabigdifferencetothesubjects’bodies.Thenextdaytheyburnedmorefatandshowedlowerlevelsoftriglyceridesintheirblood.Thisstudyissmall,buthopeful.“Theresultssuggestthatbreakingupsittingwithfrequent,intenseandmomentaryexercise‘canundo’som