定語(yǔ)從句講解與練習(xí)

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句與引導(dǎo)詞定語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做選行詞，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞，有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類。懂得什么樣的先行詞后用什么樣的引導(dǎo)詞是學(xué)好定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵。關(guān)系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)中表語(yǔ)，whose作定語(yǔ)。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：ThemanwhohelpedyouisMrWhite.(who代人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))Thatistheperson(whom/who/that)youwanttosee.(whom,who,that代人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略)Imnotthefool(that)youthoughtmetobe.(that代人，在定從中作表語(yǔ))Adictionaryisausefulbookwhich(＝that)tellsusthemeaningofwords(which或that代物，在定從中作主語(yǔ))關(guān)系副詞有：when(指時(shí)間)，where(指地點(diǎn)),why(指原因)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如：Wouldyousuggestatime(when)wecanhaveatalk?(when可省略)Thehousewheretheyliveisnotverylarge./Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.注意：不是表時(shí)間的先行詞都用when引導(dǎo)定從，不是表地點(diǎn)的先行詞都用where引導(dǎo)定從。例如：Wellvisitthefactorywhich(＝that)makesradios.(which或that在定從中作主語(yǔ)，where不可用主語(yǔ)，故不可用)Theystillrememberthehappydays(which/that)theyspentinBeidaihe.(which或that在定從中作spent的賓語(yǔ)，when不可作賓語(yǔ)，故不可用)二、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞或名詞詞組或代詞；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)，可以修飾主句中的某一個(gè)詞，也可修飾整個(gè)句子。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞不能省略。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句例：LiPingsfather,whoworksinafactory,isanengineer./Hetoreupmyphoto,whichmademeveryangry.(which指代主句內(nèi)容，因前后兩句是因果關(guān)系，此時(shí)which不可換為as。)Heisgoodatphysics,asisknowntousall.＝Asisknowntousall,heisgoodatphysics.(as指代主句內(nèi)容，在asisknown/believed,asweallknow/believe這類結(jié)構(gòu)中as不可換為which)只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場(chǎng)合只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場(chǎng)合當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)：Hetalkedaboutthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.指物的先行詞被any,every,only,very,all,no等修飾時(shí)：Thesearetheverypointsthatinterestme./ThatstheonlywatchthatIlikemost.指物的先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)：Thefirststepthatwearetotakeisverydifficult./Thisisthesecondcardthathegaveme.先行詞是指物的不定代詞all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等時(shí)：Thereisstillmuchthatcanbedoneaboutit./Haveyougoteverythingthatyouneed?先行詞是who時(shí)：Whothathaveseenhimdoesnotlikehim?不用that的場(chǎng)合如下：1）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中Lastnight,Isawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.2）介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews3）句中出現(xiàn)了that，或先行詞是that時(shí)IhavefoundthatwhichIwaslookingfor.四、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”用法介詞的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中短語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣性搭配，例如：Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(shakehandswith…是習(xí)慣性搭配)介詞常受先行詞的制約（即介詞和先行詞的搭配），例如：Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(throughwhich即throughthetelescope)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”固定短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，此時(shí)因定短語(yǔ)中的介詞不能拆開(kāi)移到關(guān)系代詞前。例如：Thisisthewatchwhichyourelookingfor./Heisakindofmanwhomyoucansafelydependon.五、幾個(gè)名詞后的引導(dǎo)詞situation后常用where,inwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：Canyouimagineasituationwhere/inwhichyoucanusetheword?way(方式，方法)后常用inwhich或that或how引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可省略：Doyouknowtheway(inwhich/that/how)heworkedouttheproblem?“thesame＋名詞”，“such＋名詞”，“as＋名詞”后通常用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：Ihavethesamedictionaryasyou(have)./Suchabookasyouboughtisnotworthbuying.定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)分析Thebestwork______Luxunwroteand______Ihavereadhasbeenmadeintoafilm.A.which;thatB.that;×C.×;thatD.×;×析：如果兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句并列，關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故應(yīng)選C。Itwasin1969______twoAmericansgottothemoonbyspaceship.Itwas1969______twoAmeriansgottothemoonbyspaceship.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.×析：第一句是強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間in1969,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“Itwas＋強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that句”，故應(yīng)選C。第二句It是表時(shí)間的，先行詞1969在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，故選A。Isthisthehouse______Shakespearewasborn?A.atwhichB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhere析：觀察題目，空白處只有填inwhich或where才能表達(dá)“這是莎士比亞出生的房子嗎？”這一意思，故答案為C。Isthishouse______Shakespearewasborn?A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.atwhich析：將此句變?yōu)殛愂鼍?；Thishouseis______Shakespearewasborn.顯然is后是一表語(yǔ)從句，只有選where(＝theplacewhere)才能表達(dá)“這是莎士比亞的出生地”這一意思，故答案為A。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.A.towhomB.ofwhomC.fromwhomD.that析：“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”要考慮短語(yǔ)搭配或與先行搭配，這道題短語(yǔ)turnto有關(guān)，故應(yīng)選A。Thetwothings______theyfeltveryproudwereJimsgoldwatchandDellashair.A．a(chǎn)boutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich析：涉及be/feelproudof短語(yǔ)，故答案為B。Haveyoueveraskedhimthereason______mayexplainhisbeinglate.A.whyB.thatC.forwhichD.what析：此題易誤選A、C，因?yàn)橄刃性~是thereason,但細(xì)觀察分析，定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，所以答案是B。注意what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Farmingisdifficult______thereisnorain.A.whereB.inplaceC.thatD.theplacewhere析：因?yàn)閐ifficult是形容詞，故其后不是定語(yǔ)從句。這兒的空白處應(yīng)填引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句where(＝intheplacewhere),全句表達(dá)“在沒(méi)有雨水的地方耕種困難”。這一意思，可見(jiàn)答案為A。Weneedthesamemachine______inyourfactory.A.whichisbeingusedB.asisbeingusedC.thatisbeingusedD.asitisbeingused析：根據(jù)“thesame＋先行詞”后跟as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的原則，可知答案為B。10．______thepeople,notthings______aremostimportant.A.Thereare;whoB.Thoseare;thatC.Itis;thatD.Itwas;who析：仔細(xì)觀察分析題目，可知只有C構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句才有成立。當(dāng)我們要檢驗(yàn)視其為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷是否正確時(shí)，只要將“Itis(或was)…that”這三個(gè)詞去掉，剩下部分讀起來(lái)正確無(wú)誤，則證明判斷是正確的，反之是錯(cuò)誤的。此題如不填“Itis…that”三詞，句子是Thepeople,notthingsaremostimportant.語(yǔ)義完整正確，說(shuō)明選C是對(duì)的。模擬練習(xí)Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone____familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whoseSheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it5.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6．CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,＿＿＿＿＿personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which7．Hewashidingbehindthedoor_________hecouldseewhatwashappening.A.whichB.fromwhereCfromwhichD.where8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose9._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which10.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same11.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which12.Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that13.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_____standsthefamoustower.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there14.Theboss____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose15.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich16.Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh. A．thelargerB．thelargerofthemC．thelargeronethatD．thelargerofwhich17.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis18.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom19.GeorgeOrwell,_______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealname B.whathisrealnameC.hisrealname D.whoserealname高考真題1.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.(NMET2004-2)

A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that

2.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.(NMET2004-3)

A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich

3.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,______fivearemine.(NMET2004-4)A.onwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich4.GeorgeOrwell,_______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.(Beijing2004)A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname5.______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(Beijing2004)

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

6.Anyway,thatevening,____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.(Zhejiang2004)A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which7.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.(Beijing2004spring)A.it B.thatC.this D.which8.Ifashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.（Shanghai2005）A.that B.which C.when D.where9.______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(Jiangshu2004)A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As10.Iworkinabusiness_________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(Hunan2004) A.howB.which C.whereD.that11.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(Jiangshu2005)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich12.Iwalkedinourgarden,______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.（Liaoning2005） A．which B．when C．where D．that13.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.(Hubei2004) A．theway B．inthewaythatC．inthewayD．thewaywhich14.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.(Liaoning2004) A．ofwhich B．whichofC．ofthem D．ofthat15.Thefilmbroughtbackthehourstome_____Iwastakengo