英語國家概況教案Lesson-4范文

南京交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院教案教師姓名尹亮宇授課班級/2015/2032授課形式講授授課日期年月日第周授課時數(shù)80minutes授課章節(jié)名稱UnitTwoHistoryABriefHistoryoftheUSA教學(xué)目的AcquiresageneralideaaboutthehistoryoftheUSA.LearnaboutthemajorstagesandimportantfiguresinAmericanhistory.FindouttheinfluenceofAmericanhistoryonotherEnglish-speakingcountries.教學(xué)重點TheWarofIndependence（美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭）TerritorialExpansion（領(lǐng)土擴張）TheCivilWar（南北戰(zhàn)爭）RapidGrowthofEconomy（經(jīng)濟的飛速增長）教學(xué)難點EnglishColonialAmerica(1067-1776)

FormingoftheUSA(1776-1849)

TheCivilWar(1861-1865)

更新、補充、刪節(jié)內(nèi)容補充：Casestudy刪除：補充閱讀使用教具多媒體教室課外作業(yè)1.Memorizethewordsandphrases.2.P.54I.3.SupplementaryReading.課后體會授課主要內(nèi)容I．Revision:(10’)1.RevisethecontentofLesson3.2.Oralhomework：What’syourimpressionoftheUSA?(可以適當?shù)挠弥形?II.NewLesson:(60’)PartPartII.TextPre-ColonialAmerica：ChristopherColumbuswasthefirstEuropeantosetfootonwhatwouldonedaybecomeU.S.territorywhenhecametoPuertoRicoin1492.HethoughthehadreachedIndia,sohenamedthelocalpeopleIndians,notknowingthathehaddiscoveredaNewContinent.AmerigoVespucci,anothernavigatorprovedthatthelandwasnotIndia,thereforethelandwasnamedAmericaafterhim.（詳細）EnglishColonialAmerica(1067-1776)：By1750,nealry2millionpeoplewerelivinginthesecolonies,manyofwhomwerePuritanswholefttheirowncountriesinserachofreligiousfreedomThemosttypicalexamplewasthevoyageoftheMayflowership,whichcarriedthePilgrimsacrosstheAtlanticOceanandarrivedatPlymouthin1620,builtthePlymouthcolony.（詳細）FormingoftheUSA(1776-1849)TheWarofIndependence（概述）Territorialexpansion（概述）TheCivilWar(1861–1865)（概述）RapidGrowthofEconomy(1865–1918)（概述）Post-WorldWarIandGreatDepression(1918–1940)（略詳）WorldWarII(1939-1945)（概述）III.Consolidation:(9’)（回顧本課所學(xué)內(nèi)容，討論并拓寬思維）Discussthefollowingquestionsingroupsandmakeanoralreporttotheclass.HowwastheUnitedStatesofAmericafounded?

HowdidtheUSAbecometherichestcountryintheworld?WhatarethereasonsofthefalloftheUKandtheriseoftheUSA?CaseStudyTheSpecialRelationshipBetweentheUKandtheUSAMilitarycooperation

---Theunparalleledlevelofmilitaryco-operationbeganwiththecreationoftheCombinedChiefsofStaffinDecember1941,amilitarycommandwithauthorityoverallAmericanandBritishoperations.Thiscooperationhasincreasedsteadilysincetheearly1950swhenmilitarycontactswerere-established.IV.Homework:(1’)SupplementaryReading.4.P.59I說明：教師備課筆記由學(xué)校自訂式樣并附后Unit2HistoryLesson4ABriefHistoryoftheUI．Revision:Oralhomework：What’syourimpressionoftheUSA?(可以適當?shù)挠弥形?參考資料MountMountRushmoreNationalMemorial,nearKeystone,SouthDakota,isamonumentalgranitesculpturebyGutzonBorglum,with60-foot(18

m)sculpturesoftheheadsofformerUnitedStatespresidents(lefttoright):GeorgeWashington(1732–1799),ThomasJefferson(1743–1826),TheodoreRoosevelt(1858–1919),andAbrahamLincoln(1809–1865).AbrahamLincolnThe16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,whoguidedhiscountrythroughthemostdevastatingexperienceinitsnationalhistory---theCivilWar.USCoatofArmsTheGreatSealoftheUnitedStatesisusedtoauthenticatecertaindocumentsissuedbytheUnitedStatesfederalgovernment.TheGreatSealwasfirstusedpubliclyin1782.ThedesignontheobverseofthegreatsealisthenationalcoatofarmsoftheUnitedStates.ItisofficiallyusedondocumentssuchasUnitedStatespassports,militaryinsignia,embassyplacards,andvariousflags.FranklinRooseveltFranklinDelanoRoosevelt(January30,1882–April12,1945),oftenreferredtobyhisinitialsFDR,wasthethirty-secondPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Electedtofourtermsinoffice,heservedfrom1933to1945andistheonlyU.S.presidenttohaveservedmorethantwoterms.Hewasacentralfigureofthe20thcenturyduringatimeofworldwideeconomiccrisisandworldwar,andhasbeenrankedasoneofthethreegreatestUSpresidentsinscholarlysurveys.II.NewLesson:PartI.PartII.TextPre-reading:GiveabriefintroductionofthehistoricperiodsoftheUSAHistoricPeriodsTimeMajorIncidentsEnglishColonialAmerica1493—1776thevoyageoftheMayflowerShiptheimmigrationofthePuritansFormingoftheUSA1776—1849BostonTeaPartyWarofIndependenceCivilWar1861—1865IssueofEmancipationProclamationliberationofblackslavesRapidGrowthofEconomy1865—1940WorldWarI;theGreatDepressionWorldWarII1939—1945TheattackonPearlHarborTheset-upoftheUnitedNations(1).Pre-ColonialAmerica1.WhofirstcametoAmericaandhowdidtheycomethere?(PeoplemigratedfromAsiaviaBeringLandBridgesome2000yearsago.TheyarecalledNativeAmericans.)2.WhowasthefirstEuropeantosetfootonthenewworld?WhydidhenamethelocalpeopleIndians?(ChristopherColumbuscametoPuertoRicoin1492andnamedthelocalpeopleIndians)3.WhoprovedthatthelandwasnotIndia?(AmerigoVespucciprovedthatthelandwasnotIndia,thereforethelandwasnamedAmericaafterhim.)Thepresent-dayUnitedStateswasoriginallypopulatedbypeoplemigratingfromAsiaviatheBeringlandbridge（白令海峽大陸橋）startingsome20,000yearsago.ThesepeoplebecametheindigenouspeoplewhoinhabitedtheAmericasbeforethearrivalofEuropeanexplorersandwhoarenowcalledNativeAmericans.ChristopherColumbuswasthefirstEuropeantosetfootonwhatwouldonedaybecomeU.S.territorywhenhecametoPuertoRicoin1492.HethoughthehadreachedIndia,sohenamedthelocalpeopleIndians,notknowingthathehaddiscoveredaNewContinent.AmerigoVespucci（亞美瑞格.韋斯普奇）,anothernavigator（航海家）provedthatthelandwasnotIndia,thereforethelandwasnamedAmericaafterhim.(2).EnglishColonialAmerica(1067-1776)1.Wherewasthefirstcolonyfounded?2.HowmanycoloniesdidtheBritishestablishalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica?3.Whydidpuritansleavetheirowncountries?4.HowdidtheyestablishthePlymouthcolony?ThefirstEnglishcolonyintheAmericaswasfoundedatJamestown(詹姆士鎮(zhèn)),Virginiain1607.Between1607and1733theBritishestablished13coloniesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica.By1750,nearly2millionpeoplewerelivinginthesecolonies,manyofwhomwerePuritanswholefttheirowncountriesinsearchofreligiousfreedomThemosttypicalexamplewasthevoyageoftheMayflowership,whichcarriedthePilgrimsacrosstheAtlanticOceanandarrivedatPlymouth(普利茅斯)in1620,builtthePlymouthcolony.From1630to1643,thegreatPuritanmigrationbroughtabout20,000EnglishmentotheMassachusettsBaycolony.北美洲原為印第安人聚居地。15世紀末，西班牙、荷蘭、法國、英國等國開始向北美洲移民。1606年英國在北美建起第一個城市——詹姆斯，后發(fā)展為弗吉尼亞殖民地。17世紀和18世紀上半葉，英國殖民者先后在東起大西洋沿岸，西至阿巴拉契亞山脈之間建立了13個殖民地，殘暴屠殺當?shù)赜〉诎踩?，并從非洲掠來大批黑人充當奴隸。(3).FormingoftheUSA(1776-1849)(TheWarofIndependence)1.WhatisthepreludeoftheWarofIndependenceandhowdidithappen?2.Whatistheprocessofthewar?In1774,theFirstContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphiaandColonialmilitiaunitswereorganized.TheshotatLexingtononApril19,1775startedtheWarofIndependenceAContinentalArmyandNavyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashingtonwerefounded.ThomasJeffersondraftedtheDeclarationofIndependence.In1783,theBritisharmywasdefeatedandtheBritishgovernmentrecognizedtheIndependenceoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.3.WhatisthemaincharacteristicoftheconstitutionoftheUSA?4.HowdidtheUSArealizeitsterritorialexpansion?Theprelude---Withtherapideconomicdevelopment,peopleofthe13coloniesdesiredmorepowertodeterminetheirownbusiness,whiletheBritishgovernmentwantedtobringthedevelopmentundercontrolandtocollectmoretaxesfromthecolonies.---InordertohelptheBritishEastIndiaCompanyoutofdifficulty,theBritishgovernmentallowedthecompanytosellteaatalowerpriceinthecoloniesthroughitsownpeople.---ThistookawaytheteabusinessfromAmericanteamerchants.ThisunfairtreatmentledtothefamousBostonTeaParty（波士頓傾茶事件）in1773whichwasconsideredasthepreludeoftheWarofIndependence.TheWarofIndependence---InSeptember1774,theFirstContinentalCongress（第一屆大陸會議）washeldinPhiladelphia,whichencouragedAmericanstorefusetobuyBritishgoods.Colonialmilitiaunits（民兵部隊）wereorganized.---TheshotatLexingtononApril19,1775startedtheWarofIndependence.Threeweekslater,attheSecondContinentalCongressthedelegatesagreedtosupportthewar.AContinentalArmyandNavyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashingtonwerefounded.ThomasJeffersonofVirginiadraftedtheDeclarationofIndependencewhichwasadoptedonJuly4,1776.In1783,theBritisharmywasdefeatedandtheBritishgovernmentrecognizedtheIndependenceoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.UnitedStatesConstitutionThenewUnitedStatesConstitutionfavoredarepresentative,electivegovernmenttoreplacetheexistingmonarchicalstructures.Thesystemofrepublicanismplacedaprimacyuponindividuallibertyanduponconstrainingthepowerofgovernmentthroughdivisionofpowersandasystemofchecksandbalances.GeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.1775年，波士頓人民武裝起義，打響了北美人民反抗英國殖民統(tǒng)治的獨立戰(zhàn)爭的第一槍。1776年第二次大陸會議在費城召開，會議決定組成大陸軍，由華盛頓任總司令，并通過《獨立宣言》，正式宣布建立美利堅合眾國。1783年美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束，英國被迫承認美國獨立。1787年通過聯(lián)邦憲法，次年底舉行第一次選舉，華盛頓當選第一任總統(tǒng)。1789年聯(lián)邦政府成立。1812～1814年第二次美、英戰(zhàn)爭后，美國完全擺脫英國的統(tǒng)治。Territorialexpansion---ItforcedEnglandtogiveupOldNorthwest,andSpaintoopentheMississippiRiver.美國人適使英國放棄了舊西北地區(qū).，使西班牙開放密西西比河，---ItboughtLouisianafromNapoleon,whichalmostdoubleditsterritory.---AftertheWarwithMexico,MexicowasforcedtogiveupCaliforniaandNewMexico---In1830,theIndianRemovalActauthorizedthepresidenttonegotiatetreatiesthatexchangedIndiantriballandsintheeasternstatesforlandswestoftheMississippiRiver.---From1789to1849,theterritoryoftheUnitedStateswasgreatlyenlarged.19世紀初，隨著資本主義的迅速發(fā)展，美國統(tǒng)治階級開始對外擴張。1803年美國利用拿破侖在海地戰(zhàn)敗之機，購買了法國在北美的殖民地路易斯安那。1812年美國向西擴展，侵占印第安人土地。1818年和1819年，美國分別向英國和西班牙購買了北達科他州的部分土地和佛羅里達。1845年侵占了墨西哥的得克薩斯。翌年，美國以邊界事件為借口，向墨西哥宣戰(zhàn)，墨西哥被迫1848年將其北部230萬平方千米的土地(即今加利福尼亞、亞利桑那、內(nèi)華達、猶他、新墨西哥、科羅拉多等州)"出售"給美國。19世紀中后期，美國又將其侵略擴張伸向海外。1867年美國用720萬美元向沙俄購買了阿拉斯加和阿留申群島。1898年兼并夏威夷，又通過對西班牙的戰(zhàn)爭控制了古巴，并奪取了西屬波多黎各、關(guān)島和菲律賓。1903年占領(lǐng)了中途島，霸占了巴拿馬運河。1917年迫使丹麥“出讓”維爾京群島。在1776年后的100余年內(nèi)，美國領(lǐng)土幾乎擴張了10倍。(4).TheCivilWar(1861–1865)1.WhatcausedtheCivilWar?2.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresident,whatdidtheSouthernstatesdo?3.HowdidLincolnleadtheUniongainingthevictoryofthewar?Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,whiteAmericansoftheNorthandSouthwereunabletoreconcilefundamentaldifferencesintheirapproachtogovernment,economics,societyandAfricanAmericanslavery.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresident,theSouthernstatesbrokeawayandestablishedarebelgovernment,theConfederateStatesofAmerica,onFebruary9,1861.TheCivilWarbrokeoutonApril12,1861.PresidentAbrahamLincolnwonsupportfortheUnionathomeandabroadbymakingthewarajustwaragainstslavery.HeissuedthefamousEmancipationProclamation.ThusEnglandandFrancestoodbytheUnion’sside,andmanyblacksjoinedtheUnionarmy.OnNovember19,1863,LincolnmadeanotherfamousspeechatGettysburg.Afteraseriesofbattles,theConfederatearmysurrenderedonApril9,1865,andfivedayslaterLincolnwasshotdead.InDecember,theThirteenthAmendment,whichbannedslavery,wasaddedtotheConstitution.美國北部的資本主義獲得迅速發(fā)展，但南部仍保持著使用黑人奴隸勞動的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟。19世紀30年代初興起美國廢奴運動。1860年反對黑奴制度的共和黨人.林肯當選總統(tǒng)。次年南部奴隸主發(fā)動叛亂，南北戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)。1862年9月，林肯頒布《解放黑奴宣言》。1865年戰(zhàn)爭以北方獲勝結(jié)束，為資本主義在全美國的發(fā)展掃清了道路。(5).RapidGrowthofEconomy(1865–1918)1.WhathelpedtheUSAgrowrapidly?2.WhatdidtheProgressiveMovementdemand?3.WhatwasthereformofPresidentTheodoreRoosevelt?4.WhydidtheUSAstandneutralduringtheFirstWorldWar?5.WhydiditdeclarethewaronGermany?AftertheCivilWar,theUnitedStatesexperiencedatremendousgrowthinindustry,agriculture,science,andtechnology,andpopulation.---firstlythepoliticalenvironmentwasstable;---secondlythefreeslavestogetherwiththeimmigrantsfromEuropeandAsiaofferedastronglaborforce;---ThirdlyscienceandinventionplayedaveryimportantroleinAmerica’sindustrialdevelopment;---By1900,theproductionofsteelandcoalbothrankedthefirstintheworld.Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy,therealsoaroseanumberofsocialproblems.TheProgressiveMovementbegan,demandinggovernmentregulationoftheeconomic,socialandpoliticalconditions.PresidentTheodoreRoosevelt(1901-1909)strengthenedfederalregulationoftherailroadsandenforcedtheShermanAntitrustActagainstseverallargecorporations.Healsopromotedconservation,withlargereservesofforestland,coal,oil,mineralandwatersavedforfuturegenerations.DuringtheFirstWorldWar,theUnitedSatesstoodneutralinnamewhilesellinglargequantitiesofarmsandofferingbankloanstoBritainandFrance.TheUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronGermanyonApril6,1917.WhenthewarendedonNovember11,1918,theUSwasoneofthebigFour(theUS,Britain,FranceandItaly)toenjoytheinterestdivisionofthedefeatedcountries.美國史學(xué)界一般把1900年～1917年間美國所發(fā)生的政治、經(jīng)濟和社會改革運動統(tǒng)稱進步運動。在性質(zhì)上，進步運動是以中產(chǎn)階級為主體、有社會各階層參與的資產(chǎn)階級改革運動，目的在于消除美國從“自由”資本主義過渡到壟斷資本主義所引起的種種社會弊端，重建社會價值體系和經(jīng)濟秩序。在內(nèi)容上，進步運動同時在聯(lián)邦、州和市三級展開，從政治上的爭取婦女選舉權(quán)、市政改革到經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域的反托拉斯運動，從救濟窮人和改善工人待遇的社會正義運動到自然資源保護，囊括社會生活的各個方面，影響深遠。(6).Post-WorldWarIandGreatDepression(1918–1940)1.Howdidthehistoriansdescribethe1920sintheUS?2.CanyoudescribetheGreatDepressionintheUS?3.HowdidPresidentFranklinRoosevelthelpAmericaoutofthedepression?FollowingWorldWarI,theU.S.grewsteadilyinstatureasaneconomicandmilitaryworldpower.Itenjoyedaperiodofunbalancedprosperity:farmpricesandwagesfellwhileindustrialprofitsgrew.In1932,PresidentFranklinD.RooseveltpassedanumberofactstopreventthepossiblecollapseoftheAmericaneconomicandpoliticalsystem.HedidsuccessfullygetAmericaoutofthedepressionduringhistenureofoffice.(7).WorldWarII(1939–1945)1.WhatwastheattitudeoftheUSduringtheWorldWarIIatthebeginning?2.WhydidtheUStakepartintheWar?3.WhataretheprinciplesoftheUSdiplomacy?AswithWorldWarI,theUnitedStateshadboundthecountrytoneutrality.ItsdecisiontodeclarewarfollowedJapan'ssurpriseattackonPearlHarboron7December1941.FourdaysaftertheattackonPearlHarbor,onDecember11,NaziGermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.ThereweretwoguidingprinciplesofthewartimeAmericandiplomacy:towinthewar;toestablishapostwarpoliticalstructureinaccordwithAmericaninterestsandtopreventtheSovietUnionfromover-expansion.(8).AmericanSocietyDuringPostwarBoom1.CanyoudescribetheeconomicboomoftheUSafterWWII?2.Whatarethecornerstonesofthepostwareconomicboom?3.Whichwererelatedtotheupsurgeinbirths?AfterWWII,theUnitedStatesenteredaperiodofeconomicboom.---Thecornerstonesweretheautomobile,housing,anddefenseindustries.---Economygrewatanaveragerateof3.5percentperyear---Nation’sGNProsefromjustover$200billionin1946tocloseto$1trillionin1970.---From1946to1961,over63.5millionbabieswereborn.Ofthethreecornerstonesofthepostwareconomicboom,twowererelatedtotheupsurgeinbirths.---Thefirstwasaconstructionboomtoprovidehousesandschoolsforallthesechildren.---thesecondwasautomobilemanufacturingforthegrowingnewcommunities.---Thethirdwasmilitaryspending.WhentheDefenseDepartmentwasestablishedin1949,thenationspentabout$13billionayearondefense.By1951,itsbudgetwasover$22billion,andithasbeengoingupeversince.CaseStudyTheSpecialRelationshipBetweentheUKandtheUSAMilitarycooperation---Theunparalleledlevelofmilitaryco-operationbeganwiththecreationoftheCombinedChiefsofSta