（高考英語作文煉句）第16篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.那些支持學(xué)校把學(xué)生的能力作為錄取依據(jù)的人們認(rèn)為：如果學(xué)校錄取過程成為一個(gè)"能力擇優(yōu)”的過程,這樣可以引入一些競爭因素,從而激勵(lì)一些學(xué)生更加努力.他們還指出一個(gè)事實(shí)：如果尖子生與落后生混合在一起,授課就很難步調(diào)一致.最有才華的學(xué)生會覺得課程太容易,而墊底的學(xué)生卻很吃力.Thosewhosupportschoolsadmittingstudents

onthebasisof

(1.以……為依據(jù))theirabilitybelievemakingtheschoolselectionprocessa

meritocracy(2.能力擇優(yōu))introduces

anelementof

(3.一些)competitionwhichmotivatessomestudentstotryharder.Theyalsopointtothefactthatifthetopstudentsaremixedwiththeweakeststudents,itmakesteachingatthecorrectpaceverydifficult.Themostgiftedstudentswillfindclassestooeasywhilethebottomstudentswill

struggle(4.吃力).

1-onthebasisof

詞典釋義：basis2.N-SING單數(shù)名詞(行事的)理由,根據(jù)

Ifyousaythatyou

areacting

on

the

basisof

something,youaregivingthatasthereasonforyouraction.【搭配模式】：onN?McGregormustremainconfined,onthe

basis

ofthemedicalreportswehavereceived...根據(jù)我們收到的病歷報(bào)告,麥格雷戈的行動仍然必須受到限制.?Onthe

basisthatrecognisingtheproblemishalfwaytoa

solution,Mulcahy'scommentsyesterdayshouldbewellreceived.鑒于認(rèn)識到問題的存在就相當(dāng)于把它解決了一半,馬爾卡希昨天的那番話應(yīng)該會受到歡迎.外刊例句：ButitisanimportantfailinggiventhattheFedsets

monetarypolicy,andtheIMFgivescountriesadvice,

onthebasisof

theirforecasts.

()但鑒于美聯(lián)儲設(shè)立了貨幣規(guī)則,而國際貨幣基金組織根據(jù)自己的預(yù)測給眾多國家建議,這肯定算是次嚴(yán)重失敗.

替換表達(dá)：accordingto/basedon

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

consider/

take/regard...asabasis點(diǎn)評：搭配不當(dāng),不存在consider/take/regard

somethingasabasis的表達(dá).(2)

take...as

admissionbasis點(diǎn)評：搭配不當(dāng),admission不可以與basis搭配,這里應(yīng)該改為admitstudentsonthebasis

of…

2-meritocracy范例中給出的句子中,makingtheschoolselectionprocessameritocracy作introduces的主語,其中make為動詞,theschoolselectionprocess是賓語,a

meritocracy為賓補(bǔ).

詞典釋義：meritocracy

UK

[?mer.?'t?k.r?.si]

US

[-'tɑ：.kr?-]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

■asocialsystemorsocietyinwhichpeoplehavepower

becauseoftheirabilities,notbecauseoftheirmoneyorsocialposition

精英領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制;精英管理的社會?Theprimeministerclaimshewantstocreateaclassless

meritocracy

inBritain.首相稱他想在英國建立一個(gè)無階級的精英治國社會.

外刊例句：A

meritocracy

soundspositivelyutopian.Afterall,whatcouldbefairerthanasocietyin

whichstatusisdefinedbyachievementratherthanhand-me-downs?Butthe

realityismorecomplex.

()精英社會聽起來像是個(gè)積極的烏托邦式幻想.畢竟,還有什么社會形式比由成就而不是血統(tǒng)來決定社會地位的社會形式更公平了呢?然而,現(xiàn)實(shí)社會要復(fù)雜得多.

3-anelementof

詞典釋義：anelementofsth

ADVANCED

■asmallamountof

anemotionorquality

少量;有點(diǎn),有些?Therewascertainlyan

element

oftruthin

whatshesaid.她說的話當(dāng)然也有些是真的.?Don'tyouthinkthere'san

element

of

jealousyinallofthis?

你不覺得所有這一切都是妒嫉在隱隱作祟??Wewalkedquietlyuptothedoortopreservethe

element

ofsurprise.我們輕手輕腳地走近門口,想制造一個(gè)驚喜.

外刊例句：Mostelectionshave

an

elementof

uncertaintyaboutthem.NotRussia's.Thisweekend,barringa

miracle,DmitryMedvedev,VladimirPutin'shandpickedsuccessor,willwinthe

Russianpresidencybyalandslide.

()大多數(shù)選舉都會有不確定因素,但俄羅斯的選舉卻截然不同.普京束手束腳的繼承人梅德韋杰夫在本周將杜絕一切奇跡發(fā)生,以壓倒性的優(yōu)勢勝選.

替換表達(dá)：asmallamountof

4-strugglestruggle和我們中文所說的"奮斗、拼搏”不同,它在英文中含有比較負(fù)面的意味,通常指在艱苦困難中的"掙扎”.

詞典釋義：struggle['str?g.l]

verb

EFFORT

努力

ESSENTIAL

intransitive

■toexperiencedifficultyandmakeaverygreateffortin

ordertodosomething

奮斗,努力,拼搏?[+

to

infinitive]Thedoghadbeen

struggling

to

getfreeofthewirenoose.那只狗一直拼命想掙脫金屬套索.?I'vebeen

struggling

to

understandthis

articleallafternoon.我琢磨了整整一個(gè)下午,想弄懂這篇文章的意思.?Fish

struggle

for

survivalwhenthewater

leveldropsinthelake.湖水水位下降時(shí),魚會拼命掙扎求生.strugglealong/through/out,

etc.

■tomovesomewherewithgreateffort

沿…艱難行進(jìn)／奮力通過／艱難地從…中掙扎出來等?He

struggled

alongtheroughroadholdinghisson.他抱著兒子在崎嶇不平的路上艱難行進(jìn).?Bythistimehe'dmanagedto

struggle

outofbed.此時(shí)他已經(jīng)掙扎著下了床.intransitive

informal

■tobeindangeroffailingorbeingdefeated

有失敗的危險(xiǎn),苦苦掙扎?Afterthefirsthalf,Unitedwerereally

struggling

at1-3down.上半場過后,聯(lián)隊(duì)1比3落后,形勢危急.

外刊例句：Oneinfourlow-incomehouseholds

struggles

toeatregularlyorhealthilybecauseofalackof

money,accordingtothefirstsubstantialsurveyintothescaleoffood

insecurityintheUK.

()據(jù)英國首次大規(guī)模居民食品保障調(diào)查顯示,四分之一的低收入家庭因?yàn)槿狈﹀X財(cái),難以就餐準(zhǔn)時(shí)或吃得健康.

替換表達(dá)：finditdifficulttocatchup

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

feel

difficult點(diǎn)評：中式表達(dá),沒有feel

difficult的說法,一般是finditdifficulttodosomething(2)

thinkithard

點(diǎn)評：搭配不當(dāng),thinkit

hard的常見搭配是thinkithardtodosomething,thinkithard不能單獨(dú)使用.

Q：anelementof一些,和some一些有什么區(qū)別呢?如何分辨其中的區(qū)別?A：anelementof后面一般接抽象內(nèi)容,比如competition/truth等,some后面一般接具體內(nèi)容,比如somestudents/schools等.

Q：指出事實(shí),是不是應(yīng)該使用pointout?詞典中

pointto的意思是指向,朝向,向某人指出.A：pointtothefactthat…是一個(gè)常見說法,例如朗文詞典例句：Otherexperts

pointtothe

factthat

evenspecialistsarelosingjobs.

Thosewhosupportschoolsadmittingstudentsonthebasis

oftheirabilitybelievemakingtheschoolselectionprocessameritocracy

introducesanelementofcompetitionwhichmotivatessomestudentstotry

harder.

[分析]本句是一個(gè)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),其主干為Those…believe(that)…,其中,主語部分為Thosewhosupport

schoolsadmittingstudentsonthebasisoftheirability,這里who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾Those,在這個(gè)定語從句中,who為關(guān)系代詞,作主語,指代those,謂語為support,賓語為schoolsadmittingstudentson

thebasisoftheirability,這是一個(gè)含有邏輯主語的現(xiàn)在分詞短語.believe之后是一個(gè)省略了that的名詞性從句,作believe的賓語.在這個(gè)賓語從句中,makingtheschoolselectionprocessameritocracy是主語,其中,theschoolselectionprocess是making的賓語,ameritocracy是賓語的補(bǔ)足語,introduces是賓語從句中的謂語,anelementofcompetitionwhichmotivatessomestudentstotry

harder是賓語從句中的賓語,其中又包含了一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾competition.

2.在學(xué)生完全成熟之前就把他們分隔到不同學(xué)校是很不公平的.孩子們通常都沒意識到努力學(xué)習(xí)的重要性,而且很多人處于一個(gè)困難的家庭環(huán)境中,在這種環(huán)境里面,努力學(xué)習(xí)是不被鼓勵(lì)的.有些孩子在還沒明白過來的情況下就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)不可避免地踏上了通往平庸的道路.Segregatingstudentsintodifferentschools

(1.將學(xué)生分隔到不同學(xué)校)beforetheyarefullymatureisveryunfair.Childrenareoftenunawareoftheimportanceofstudyinghardandmanyhave

adifficulthomeenvironment

(2.困難的家庭環(huán)境)wherestudyisnotencouraged.Somechildrencouldfindthemselves

irreversibly

(3.不可避免地)ontheroadtomediocrity

(4.處于通往平庸的道路)beforetheyevenknowit.

1-segregate

studentsintodifferentschools

詞典釋義：segregate1.VERB

動詞

使隔離;使分開;使分離

To

segregate

twogroupsofpeopleor

thingsmeanstokeepthemphysicallyapartfromeachother.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：Vnprep?Police

segregatedthetworival

campsofprotesters...警察把兩個(gè)敵對陣營的抗議人群隔離開來.

?They

segregate

youfromthe

restofthecommunity.他們把你與社團(tuán)的其他成員隔離開.

外刊例句：Anynewgrammar

schoolswillsimplyprovideanothermechanismalongsideprivateschoolingto

further

segregate

students

dependingonhowmuchmoneytheirparentshave.()新的文法學(xué)校將僅僅是提供了另外一種與私人學(xué)校無異的機(jī)制,進(jìn)一步按學(xué)生父母的財(cái)富來區(qū)分學(xué)生.

替換表達(dá)：separatesomebodyinto

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

distribute

studentsintodifferentschools點(diǎn)評：用詞不當(dāng).Distribute一般指金錢和物資等的分配、分發(fā),例如：Thousandsofsoldiersareworkingtodistribute

foodandblanketstotherefugees.

數(shù)以千計(jì)的士兵正在給難民們分發(fā)食物和毯子.不可以用在指將學(xué)生分到不同的學(xué)校.(2)

divide

studentsintodifferentschools點(diǎn)評：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確.dividestudentsintodifferentschools含義是"將學(xué)生分隔為不同的學(xué)校”,這里應(yīng)該改為segregatestudentsintodifferentschools(將學(xué)生分隔到不同的學(xué)校).

2-adifficult

homeenvironment

homeenvironment是一個(gè)常用表達(dá),含義是"家庭環(huán)境”.

?

thehome/domestic/familyenvironment

Alotofchildren

sufferbecauseofproblemsintheirhomeenvironment.

外刊例句：Whethertheyhave

ADHDornot,thebottomlineisthatyoursonanddaughter-in-lawneedto

findstrategiestocopewiththeirownstressandtheirson'scondition,by

creatingastable

homeenvironment

andenforcingsetrules.

()無論你的孫子有沒有多動癥,最重要的是,你的兒子和媳婦得找到方法去應(yīng)對自己的壓力和他們兒子的病情,比如創(chuàng)造一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的家庭環(huán)境和履行好制定的規(guī)則.

替換表達(dá)：comefromadeprivedbackground/haveadifficultfamilyenvironment

3-

irreversibly

詞典釋義：irreversibleUK

[??r.?'v?：.s?.bl]

US

[-'v?：-]

adjective

■notpossibletochange;impossibletoreturntoa

previouscondition

不可改變的,不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的?Smokinghascaused

irreversible

damage

tohislungs.吸煙已經(jīng)對他的肺部造成了永久的損害.

外刊例句：TheEUis

irreversiblycommittedtoprivatisation,welfarecuts,lowwagesandthe

erosionoftradeunionrights.()歐盟正不可避免地堅(jiān)定進(jìn)行私有化、福利削減、降低工資以及侵蝕工會的權(quán)利.

替換表達(dá)：unavoidably

4-ontheroadto

mediocrity

詞典釋義：beontheroadtosth

informal

■tobelikelytoachievesomething

即將取得…;在…的過程中

?The

doctorssayshe'sonthe

road

torecovery.醫(yī)生說她正在恢復(fù).

mediocrityUK

[?mi：.di'?k.r?.ti]

US

[-'ɑ：.kr?.t?i]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

■the

qualityofbeingnotverygood;apersonwhoisnotverygoodatsomething

平庸;平庸之材?A

goaljustbeforehalf-timerescuedthematchfrom

mediocrity.在半場快要結(jié)束時(shí)的一個(gè)進(jìn)球使這場比賽沒有流于平庸.?These

peoplearejust

mediocrities

(=peoplewhodonothavemuchskillor

abilityatanything).這些人只是平庸之輩.

外刊例句：Despiterecent

riots,Tunisiansarestill

ontheroad

to

democracy.()突尼斯人盡管最近經(jīng)歷了叛亂,但他們正走在通往民主的道路上.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

thewayto

becommon/ordinary點(diǎn)評：用詞不準(zhǔn)確,common/ordinary是指人"普通,平?！?是中性詞,與"平庸”(帶有貶義)有所區(qū)別.(2)

theroad

tonormal/common點(diǎn)評：搭配錯(cuò)誤,theroadto后面應(yīng)該接名詞,不能接形容詞.

Q：我認(rèn)為第一點(diǎn),將學(xué)生分隔到不同學(xué)校Segregatingstudentsintodifferentschools,用"divide”是不是更好一點(diǎn).A：不能用divide,dividestudentsintodifferentschools含義是"將學(xué)生分隔為不同的學(xué)校”,這里應(yīng)該改為segregatestudentsintodifferentschools(將學(xué)生分隔到不同的學(xué)校).

3.網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程一直被指責(zé)膚淺,和正規(guī)大學(xué)體驗(yàn)相比只是劣質(zhì)的替代品.批評者指出盯著電腦屏幕根本不能和豐富的校園生活和活躍的課堂辯論相提并論.此外,有人指出這些課程的輟學(xué)率非常之高,在很多例子中高于90%.Onlinecourseshavebeen

condemnedas

(1.被指責(zé))shallowand

apoorsubstitutefor

(2.劣質(zhì)的替代品)a

proper

(3.正規(guī)的)universityexperience,withcriticspointingoutthatstaringatacomputerscreencanhardlycomparetovibrantcampuslifeorlivelylecturehalldebates.Ithasalsobeennotedthat

thedrop-outrate(4.輟學(xué)率)onthesecoursesisextremelyhigh,morethan90%inmanycases.

1-becondemnedas

詞典釋義：condemn

●●●○○1.VERB

動詞

譴責(zé);指責(zé)

Ifyou

condemn

something,yousaythatitisverybadandunacceptable.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：Vnforn

【語法信息】：Vnasn

【語法信息】：AlsoVpron-refl?Political

leadersunitedyesterdayto

condemn

thelatestwaveof

violence...政界領(lǐng)袖昨日聯(lián)合起來對最近激增的暴力事件予以譴責(zé).

?Graham

wasrightto

condemn

hisplayersforlackofability,attitudeandapplication.格雷厄姆指責(zé)隊(duì)員們技藝不佳、態(tài)度不端正而且不夠努力,他說得沒錯(cuò).?...a

documentthat

condemnssexismasamoralandsocialevil.把性別歧視視作道德和社會弊端予以譴責(zé)的文件

外刊例句：Sheopenedher

articleinaspiritofuncertainty："Idonotknowwhetherpilgrimages

totheshrinesoffamousmenoughtnotto

becondemnedas

sentimentaljourneys,"sheopined.()我伴著不確定的心情開始了她的文章寫作.她想："我不知道,向名人的圣地出發(fā)的朝圣之旅應(yīng)不應(yīng)該被譴責(zé)為感傷旅行.”

替換表達(dá)：becriticizedas

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

consider點(diǎn)評：consider含義是"認(rèn)為……”,沒有"譴責(zé)”的含義.(2)

bedeemed

to點(diǎn)評：bedeemedto含義是"被視為……”,同樣沒有"譴責(zé)”的意味.(3)

bealways

scoldedas點(diǎn)評：scold一般用于指家長責(zé)罵小孩,例如：Hismotherscoldedhimforbreakingher

favouritevase.母親因?yàn)樗蛩榱怂钚膼鄣幕ㄆ慷?zé)罵他.Scold用在這里不合適.

2-apoor

substitutefor

詞典釋義：substitute2.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

代替者;代替物;代用品

A

substitute

issomethingthatyouhave

oruseinsteadofsomethingelse.

【搭配模式】：oftNforn?She

isseekinga

substitute

fortheverymanwhosedeparturemadehercry.那個(gè)男人的離去令她傷心痛哭,她正想找一個(gè)人填補(bǔ)內(nèi)心的空缺.?...tests

onhumanstofindablood

substitute

madefromanimalblood.為從動物血液中提取人血的替代品而在人體上進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)

外刊例句：Todismisshisviewasafunctionofdeficient

patriotismis

apoorsubstitutefor

rigorousrebuttal.()把他的觀點(diǎn)譴責(zé)為缺乏愛國主義的產(chǎn)物,這不過是激烈反駁的糟糕替代品.

替換表達(dá)：abadalternativefor

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

inferior點(diǎn)評：inferior含義是"比……差的”,沒有表達(dá)出"替代品”這一層含義.

3-proper

詞典釋義：properUK

['pr?p.?r]

US

['prɑ：.p?]

adjective

REAL

真正的

ESSENTIAL

[beforenoun]

■real,

satisfactory,suitableorcorrect

適合的;適當(dāng)?shù)?恰當(dāng)?shù)?正確的?This

isSara'sfirst

proper

job-sheusuallydoestemporaryworkjustfor

themoney.這是莎拉的第一份正式工作——她通常只是為了賺錢而打零工.?If

you'regoingtowalkthosesortofdistancesyouneed

proper

walking

boots.如果你要走那么遠(yuǎn)的路,就需要一雙合腳的健步鞋.?I

wouldhavedonethejobmyselfbutIdidn'thavethe

proper

equipment.這工作我倒是想自己來,只是沒有合適的工具.?I've

hadsandwichesbutIhaven'teatena

proper

meal.我吃了三明治,但還沒有好好吃一頓飯.?She

likeseverythingtobeinits

proper

place.她喜歡所有東西都各有其所,放置妥當(dāng).

外刊例句：Conservativein

outlookanddesperatetosafeguardtheirowntraditionsindifficult

circumstances,theFrenchuniversitiesareimpatienttowinnowouttheweak

studentsasquicklyaspossible,thesoonertogetonwiththebusinessof

being

proper

universities.

()法國各大學(xué)在學(xué)校形象方面十分守舊,一心要在這困難環(huán)境下維持學(xué)校傳統(tǒng),因此它們總是快刀砍亂麻般篩除那些羸弱的學(xué)生,從而盡可能快速地回到關(guān)于如何恰當(dāng)發(fā)展的事務(wù)中.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

regular點(diǎn)評：regular是指"普通的,尋常的”,例如：Herregularsecretarywasoffsickforaweek.她平時(shí)的秘書生病了,休假一周.regular沒有"正規(guī)的”這一層含義.(2)

official點(diǎn)評：official側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)"官方的”,這與proper(正規(guī)的、恰當(dāng)?shù)?有所不同.

4-thedrop-out

rate

詞典釋義：dropoutUK

['dr?p.a?t]

US

['drɑ：p-]

noun

countable

■a

personwholeavesschool,collegeoruniversitybeforefinishingacourse,or

apersonwholivesinanunusualway

輟學(xué)者,退學(xué)者;(與眾不同的)怪人?a

highschool/college

dropout高中／大學(xué)輟學(xué)者?He

wasaloneranda

dropout.他是個(gè)獨(dú)來獨(dú)往的怪人.

rate[re?t]

noun

countable

MEASURE

測量

ESSENTIAL

■the

speedatwhichsomethinghappensorchanges,ortheamountornumberoftimes

ithappensorchangesinaparticularperiod

率,比率;速率;速度;進(jìn)度?Although

she'srecoveringfromherillness,her

rate

of

progressis

quiteslow.盡管病情正在好轉(zhuǎn),但她康復(fù)的速度仍很慢.?I

toldmyassistantstowork

at

their

own

rate.我告訴我的助手們按照他們自己的進(jìn)度工作.?The

taxiwasgoing

at

atremendous

rate.計(jì)程車飛速奔馳.?the

growth/inflation/mortality/unemployment,etc.

rate增長率／通貨膨脹率／死亡率／失業(yè)率等?The

drughasahigh

success/failure

rate.這種藥物治療疾病的成功率／失敗率很高.

外刊例句：However,thereis

awidediscrepancybetweenuniversities.AttheUniversityoftheWestof

Scotland,

thedrop-outrate

was

23%,whileatLondonMetropolitanitwas16.6%.()然而,大學(xué)間存在著巨大差異.西蘇格蘭地區(qū)的大學(xué)的輟學(xué)率是23%,而倫敦市區(qū)的是16.6%.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

rate

droppedoutofschool/thedropping-outrate點(diǎn)評：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確."輟學(xué)率”的固定說法應(yīng)該是thedrop-outrate

Q：drop-out

和dropout都有輟學(xué)的意思,二者有什么區(qū)別呢?A：兩個(gè)意思是一樣的,"輟學(xué)”可以寫成dropout,也可以寫成drop-out

Q：被指責(zé)膚淺譯文用的

beencondemnedasshallowandapoorsubsitute

foraproperuniversityexperience,用的是condemnsthassth?shallow這里是形容詞呀,為甚么可以直接as+adj.A：這樣用是沒問題的,condemnsomethingassomething,其中第二個(gè)something可以是名詞形式,也可以是形容詞形式.例如《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》例句：Condemned

asbackward

whenitcameout

40yearsago,"TheLeopard”infactforesawrampantcorruptioninItalyand

theriseoftheMafia.

Q：請問這句話中onlinecourses是復(fù)數(shù),為什么用apoorsubstitute?謝謝!A：主語和賓語并不一定要嚴(yán)格按照"復(fù)數(shù)-復(fù)數(shù)”的形式,"復(fù)數(shù)-單數(shù)”也可以,例如朗文例句：Thegovernment’seducationalreforms

areadisaster

waitingtohappen.

Q：是不是沒有

havebeenblamedfor這樣的用法呢,看了很多例句好像都是主動語態(tài)的,希望老師解答,謝謝.A：somethinghasbeenblamedforsomething這個(gè)用法沒問題.例句劍橋詞典例句：Humanerror

hasbeenblamedfor

theaircrash.

Onlinecourses

havebeencondemnedasshallowandapoorsubstituteforaproperuniversity

experience,withcriticspointingoutthatstaringatacomputerscreencan

hardlycomparetovibrantcampuslifeorlivelylecturehalldebates.

[分析]本句是一個(gè)被動句,主語是Onlinecourses,謂語是havebeencondemned,其后asshallowandapoorsubstituteforaproper

universityexperience是主語補(bǔ)足語,對Onlinecourses的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行說明,一是shallow,二是apoorsubstituteforaproperuniversity

experience.逗號之后是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)成形式是"介詞+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”,作伴隨狀語,這里that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)名詞性從句,作pointingout的賓語,在該賓語從句中,staringatacomputerscreen是主語,canhardlycompare是謂語,tovibrantcampuslifeorlivelylecturehall

debates是狀語,表明作比的對象.

4.全球頂級大學(xué)收的學(xué)費(fèi)遠(yuǎn)超大多數(shù)人的承受能力,這意味著主要是富人家的孩子得到最好的教育.這會嚴(yán)重傷害社會流動性.Theworld'stopuniversitieschargefees

wellbeyondthemeansof

(1.超出……的承受能力)mostpeople,meaningthatitismainlythechildrenofthewealthythatgetthebesteducation.This

strikesablowagainst

(2.嚴(yán)重傷害)socialmobility(3.社會流動性).

1-beyondthemeansof

詞典釋義：3.PHRASE

短語

超出財(cái)力;入不敷出/在財(cái)力之內(nèi);量入為出

Ifsomeoneisliving

beyond

their

means,theyarespendingmore

moneythantheycanafford.Ifsomeoneisliving

within

theirmeans,theyarenotspendingmore

moneythantheycanafford.

【搭配模式】：vPHR?The

moregiftsshereceived,themoreshecraved,untilhewaslivingbeyondhis

means...得到的禮物越多,她的胃口就越大,直到他捉襟見肘為止.?It

isfarbettertopayoffolddebtssteadilybylivingwithinyour

means.量入為出地一步步償還舊債,這個(gè)方法要好得多.

外刊例句：Yetthegrowing

demandforsustainabilitycertifications,whichrequirealevelofinvestment

beyondthemeansof

poor

communities,frequentlyputshigh-endmarketsoutofreach.()然而,對于可持續(xù)性的證書需求日益增長,而這些證書所需的投資規(guī)模遠(yuǎn)超出貧困社區(qū)的可承受財(cái)力范圍,這就導(dǎo)致了高端市場變得觸不可及.

替換表達(dá)：outofone’spricerange

2-strikeablowagainst

詞典釋義：strikeablowagainst/atsth

■todosomethingwhichharmssomethingseverely

嚴(yán)重傷害,沉重打擊?Her

resignationhass