上海市浦東新區(qū)建平中學(xué)2019屆高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷(含解析)

PAGE上海市浦東新區(qū)建平中學(xué)2019屆高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA1．Themama﹣bearinstinctMs．AngelaMcQueen，amathandPEteacheratMattoonHighSchool，Illinois，hasaroutinewhenshe'sonlunch﹣monitoringduty．She___1___（keep）aneyeonthehundredsofstudentsinherchargebywalkinglaps（圈）aroundtheschoolcafeteria．InSeptember2017，McQueen，then40，hadhardlyfinishedonelap___2___a14﹣year﹣oldfreshmanstandingnotfarfromherpulledoutagun．Sheknewtoowellthathewasgoingtostartshooting．Schoolemployees___3___（train）onhowtohandleactiveshooters：Attacktheirability___4___（aim）．Sowiththeshooter'sfingeronthetrigger，McQueenrushedtohim．___5___（grab）athisarm，sheforcedthegunintotheair，butnot___6___hestruckonestudentinthehandandchestandhurtanother．Asstudentsranfortheexits，McQueendefeatedtheshooterwithhelpfromtheschoolresourceofficer，___7___disarmedthestudentandtookhimintoimprisonmentuntilpolicearrivedminuteslater．Afterward，McQueenwentoutsidetogivehugsandsupporttohershakenstudents．"It'sthemama﹣bearinstinct，"shetoldthelocalpaper．"Idon'thavekidsofmyown，butthesearestill‘___8___'kids．"___9___McQueen，astorythathasplayedouttragicallyatfartoomanyschoolsacrossthecountryhadarelativelyhappyending．"Ifithadn'tbeenforher，thesituationwouldhavebeenalotdifferent，"PoliceChiefJeffBransonsaidatanewsconference．Asone___10___（impress）studenttoldCBSNews，"Mr．McQueenisourheroine．"【答案】1.keeps2.when3.hadbeentrained4.toaim5.grabbing6.before7.who8.my9.Thanksto10.impressed【解析】【分析】這是應(yīng)用文。文章報(bào)道了伊利諾斯州馬頓高中的數(shù)學(xué)和體育老師安吉拉麥昆(AngelaMcQueen)在有學(xué)生持槍殺人事件中的英勇事跡?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合上下文可知，此處要用一般現(xiàn)在式，主語是she，謂語要用單三形式，故填keeps?！?題詳解】考查按固定句型。haddone…when是固定句型，此處是when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，故填when?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)上文可知，該事件發(fā)生在過去，老師接受培訓(xùn)屬于過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)，employees與train之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填hadbeentrained?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處要做ability的定語，用不定式作后置定語，故填totrain?！?題詳解】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此處是做其后的句子的狀語，所給提示詞是動(dòng)詞，此處做的是伴隨狀語，要用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填grabbing【6題詳解】考查狀語從句。根據(jù)下文持槍的學(xué)生打了一個(gè)學(xué)生的手和胸，可知，McQueen開始沒能抓住學(xué)生的胳膊，即在抓住他的胳膊之前，他打了一個(gè)學(xué)生的手和胸，故填before?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。這是個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是officer，指人，從句中缺少主語，故填who?！?題詳解】考查代詞。根據(jù)上文的Idon’thavekidsofmyown可知，此處想要表達(dá)他們?nèi)匀皇俏业暮⒆?，故填my?！?題詳解】根據(jù)下文的假設(shè)，如果沒有McQueen，這樣的故事將有不同的結(jié)局，可知，此處想表達(dá)：多虧了McQueen，這個(gè)在全國(guó)太多學(xué)校上演的悲劇有一個(gè)相對(duì)幸福的結(jié)局。故填Thanksto?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空后的student是名詞，其前要用形容詞修飾，提示詞是動(dòng)詞，要用其非謂語形式作定語，student指人，用過去分詞作定語修飾人，故填impressed?！军c(diǎn)睛】非謂語動(dòng)詞是高考必考考點(diǎn)，也是貫穿整個(gè)高中階段的重要知識(shí)內(nèi)容，需要考生準(zhǔn)確的把握住三種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式各自的特點(diǎn)和用法，此處考查的是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的用法，主要要求考生區(qū)別三種非謂語形式作狀語。第4小題和10小題均考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的不定式和過去分詞形式，都是非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語。SectionB2．Photographyisoftenperceivedasanobjective，andthereforeunbiased，mediumfordocumentingandpreservinghistoricmomentsandnationalandworldhistories，andforvisualizingandnarratingnewsstories．Butthechoicesmadebyaphotographer﹣includinghowtheimageis___11___，whatisleftinoroutoftheframe，andhowitmaybecropped，edited，orotherwisealteredafteritistaken﹣introduceapoint﹣of﹣viewintothephotographand___12___impacthowwereceiveandunderstandimages．Suchconsiderationsraisecriticalquestionsabouthowwillinglyweacceptanyonephotographasareflectionof___13___truth．Photographscanbear___14___tohistoryandevenserveascatalysts（催化劑）forchange．Theycanfostersympathyandraiseawarenessor，___15___，offercriticalcommentaryonhistoricalpeople，places，andevents．Throughoutthehistoryofthemedium，photographershaveaimedtocapturetheessenceofeventstheysawwiththeirowneyes﹣thoughthequestionofthetrustworthinessoftheirimagesisalwaysupfordebate．ThoughDorotheaLangehadbeenoperatingasuccessfulportraitstudioinSanFranciscosince1919，shewasmovedbythehomelesspeopleastheGreatDepressionbegantotakeitstoll，andshestartedphotographingthem．ThesephotographsledtoherbeinghiredbythefederalFarmSecurityAdministration（FSA），formedtoraiseawarenessofandprovideaidtopoorfarmers．LangecloselyidentifiedwiththeFSA'smission，whichwasto___16___theeffectsoftheDepressiononAmericans，bringingattentiontotheirstrugglessothatsucheventswouldneverrecur．DueinparttoherworkwiththeFSA，Langebecameknownasapioneerofdocumentaryphotography，a___17___shedislikedbecauseshefeltthetermdidnotreflectthepassionatesocialmotivationsthatfueledherwork．DorotheaLangetookthisphotographMigrantMother，Nipomo，Californiain1936，whileemployedbytheFSAprogram．InNipomo，California，LangecameacrossFlorenceOwensThompsonandherchildreninacampfilledwithfieldworkerswhoselivelihoodsweredevastatedbythefailureofthepeacrops．RecallingherencounterwithThompsonyearslater，shesaid，"Isawandapproachedthehungryanddesperatemother．IdonotrememberhowIexplainedmy___18___ormycameratoher，butIdoremembersheaskedmenoquestions．Imadefiveexposures，workingcloserandcloserfromthesamedirection．"Onephotographfromthatshoot，nowknownasMigrantMother，waswidely___19___tomagazinesandnewspapersandbecameasymboloftheplightofmigrantfarmworkersduringtheGreatDepression．AsLangedescribedThompson'ssituation，"Sheandherchildrenhadbeenlivingonfrozenvegetablesfromthefield．Yettheycouldnotmoveon，forshehadjustsoldthetiresfromthecartobuyfood．"However，Thompsonlater___20___Lange'saccount．Whenareporterinterviewedherinthe1970s，sheinsistedthatsheandLangedidnotspeaktoeachother，nordidshesellthetiresofhercar．ThompsonsaidthatLangehadeitherconfusedherforanotherfarmerorembellished（渲染）whatshehadunderstoodofhersituationinordertomakeabetterstory．【答案】11.B12.E13.A14.F15.C16.D17.K18.G19.I20.J【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。攝影被認(rèn)為是一種客觀的、不帶偏見的用來記錄和保存歷史時(shí)刻、國(guó)家和世界歷史，以及用來視覺化和敘述新聞故事的媒介。文章主要講述了攝影對(duì)歷史事件記錄的影響，并以著名攝影師DorotheaLange為例子來說明其影響。【11題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞含義及語態(tài)。首先，句意為"但是攝影師所做的選擇——包括圖象如何創(chuàng)作、什么在鏡框內(nèi)什么在鏡框之外、如何修剪編輯……"；其次，該空在be動(dòng)詞之后，所以該空只能填名詞、形容詞或分詞，composed意為"構(gòu)成，寫作，創(chuàng)作"，與be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合句意，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查副詞含義。首先，句意為"攝影師把某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)引入到攝影作品里，這必然會(huì)影響我們?nèi)绾谓邮芎屠斫庠摂z影作品"；其次，該空需要一個(gè)副詞來修飾impact，inevitably，意為"必然地，不可避免地"。結(jié)合句意，故選E?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞含義。首先，句意為"這樣的考慮會(huì)引起一些關(guān)于我們?nèi)绾涡母是樵傅亟邮苋魏我环磻?yīng)最終真實(shí)結(jié)果的攝影作品的關(guān)鍵性問題"；其次，該空需要一個(gè)形容詞來修飾truth，definitive，意為"最后的，決定性的，限定的"。結(jié)合句意，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞含義。首先，句意為"攝影能支撐（即證明）歷史的存在，甚至能充當(dāng)變化的催化劑"；其次，該空需要一個(gè)名詞來做bear的賓語，此處的bear為動(dòng)詞，意為"承受，承擔(dān)，支撐"，presence意為"存在，出席，風(fēng)度"。結(jié)合句意，故選F?！?5題詳解】考查副詞含義。首先，句意為"攝影作品能夠培養(yǎng)同情心和增強(qiáng)意識(shí)，或者，就歷史上的人物、地點(diǎn)或事件提供關(guān)鍵性的評(píng)論"；其次，oralternatively意為"或者"，alternatively意為"或者，二者擇一地"。結(jié)合句意，故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞含義及todo。首先，句意為"這一任務(wù)將見證美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條的影響"；其次，該空需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來與to構(gòu)成不定式，witness意為"見證，目擊"。結(jié)合句意，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞含義。首先，句意為"Lange被稱作紀(jì)實(shí)攝影師﹣﹣一個(gè)她不喜歡的歸類（因?yàn)樗杏X這個(gè)術(shù)語不能反應(yīng)給她工作帶來熱情的社會(huì)動(dòng)機(jī)）"；其次，該空需要一個(gè)名詞來做為a的修飾對(duì)象，classification意為"分類，歸類，等級(jí)"。結(jié)合句意，故選K?！?8題詳解】考查名詞含義。首先，句意為"我不記得我是如何向她展示我的證件和相機(jī)了"；其次，該空需要一個(gè)名詞作為my的修飾對(duì)象，document意為"文件，公文，證件"。結(jié)合句意，故選G?！?9題詳解】考查固定短語。首先，句意為"被稱作MigrantMother的作品被流傳到許多雜志和報(bào)刊"；其次，becirculatedto…為固定短語，意為"流傳到……，分發(fā)到……"。結(jié)合句意，故選I?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞含義。首先，句意為"然而，后來Thompson對(duì)Lange的敘述有所質(zhì)疑"；其次，該空需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)謂語，contest意為"質(zhì)疑，爭(zhēng)辯"，contested為一般過去形式。結(jié)合句意，故選J。【點(diǎn)睛】解答此類題目可遵循以下步驟：第一步，通讀全文，了解文章大意，獲得整體印象，同時(shí)初選出一批較有把握的答案。第二步，邊核對(duì)初選答案邊補(bǔ)填留下的空格。如果短文難度較大，則可復(fù)讀幾遍，核對(duì)和確定答案。有些空一時(shí)決定不了，可作個(gè)記號(hào)，待復(fù)查時(shí)再確定。第三步，復(fù)查定稿。從整體理解角度出發(fā)，仔細(xì)審核答案，確保意義上、語法上沒有錯(cuò)誤，同時(shí)對(duì)遺留下來的少數(shù)幾個(gè)空格作最后選擇。III.ReadingcomprehensionSectionA3．VastpartsofEarthshouldbeleftwildToavoidmassextinctionsofplantsandanimals，governmentsshouldprotectathirdoftheoceansandlandby2030andhalfby2050，withafocusonareasofhighbiodiversity．SosayleadingbiologistsinaneditorialinthejournalScience．Thisisn'tjustaboutsavingbiodiverseareas，saysJonathanBaillieoftheNationalGeographicSociety，oneoftheauthors．Itisalsoaboutsavingourselvesbyprotecting___21___naturalsystems，orecosystems，andtheirbenefitstous，knownasecosystemservices．"Wearelearningthatthelargeareasthatremainareimportantforprovidingservicesforalllife．Theforests，forexample，are___22___forabsorbingandstoringcarbon，"saysBaillie．Atpresent，just3.6percentoftheplanet'soceansand14.7percentoflandisprotectedbylaw．Atthe2010NagoyaConferenceoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity，governmentsagreedtoprotect10percentoftheoceansand17percentoflandby2020．Butthisisn'tnearlyenough，saysBaillie．Intheeditorial，heandhiscoauthor，Ya﹣PingZhangoftheChineseAcademyofSciences，wantgovernmentstosetmuchbigger___23___atthenextmajorconferenceonbiodiversityin2020．"Wehavetoenormously___24___ourambitionifwewanttoavoidanextinctioncrisisandifwewanttomaintaintheecosystemservicesthatwe___25___benefitfrom，"saysBaillie．"Thetrendsareina___26___direction，it'sjustwehavetomovemuchfaster．"Itishardtoworkouthowmuchspaceisneededtopreservebiodiversityandecosystem___27___，thepairsay，becausethereissomuchwedon'tknowaboutlifeonEarth﹣likehowmanyspeciesthereare．___28___，mostestimatessuggestthatbetween25and75percentofhighbiodiversityregionsormajorecosystemsshouldbeprotected．Therefore，we，includinggovernments，shouldbe___29___whensettinggoalsandstrategies．"Thereisnodoubtthatweneedfarmorelandandsea___30___forconservingandretainingnature，"saysJamesWatsonattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia．"Targetslike50percentareintherightballparkwhenitcomestotheminimal___31___ofareaneededtoconservebiodiversity．"ButWatsonandothersstressthatwhichareasgetprotectedisevenmoreimportantthantheoverallpercentage．"Thekeythingistoprotecttherightareas，"saysJoseMontoyaoftheStationforTheoreticalandExperimentalEcologyinMoulis，F(xiàn)rance．"Ifwe___32___protectaproportionoftheterritory，governmentswilllikelyprotectwhat'seasy，andthat'susuallyareasof___33___biodiversityandecosystemserviceprovision．"Infact，athirdofthe3.6percentoflandthatisalreadymeanttobeprotectedisactuallybeing___34___，Watson'steamreportedlastmonth．Soonly___35___areastobeprotectedisn'tenough．21.A.stricter B.wider C.safer D.simpler22.A.unique B.sufficient C.critical D.fit23.A.examples B.values C.awards D.objectives24.A.increase B.achieve C.lack D.frustrate25.A.barely B.currently C.roughly D.thoroughly26.A.opposite B.fixed C.complex D.positive27.A.approaches B.management C.benefits D.degradation28.A.Therefore B.Furthermore C.However D.Otherwise29.A.concerned B.changeable C.firm D.cautious30.A.deserted B.secured C.measured D.distributed31.A.damage B.cost C.amount D.standard32.A.completely B.merely C.virtually D.desperately33.A.mass B.tropical C.marine D.low34.A.exploited B.expanded C.restored D.discovered35.A.developing B.covering C.declaring D.utilizing【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.D27.B28.C29.A30.B31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【分析】本文主要講述為了避免動(dòng)植物大規(guī)模滅絕，政府應(yīng)該保護(hù)三分之一的海洋和海洋，到2030年為止，到2050年為一半，重點(diǎn)是生物多樣性高的地區(qū)。【21題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.stricter更嚴(yán)格的；B.wider更寬廣的；C.safer更安全的；D.simpler更簡(jiǎn)單的。根據(jù)上文Toavoidmassextinctionsofplantsandanimals，governmentsshouldprotectathirdoftheoceansandlandby2030andhalfby2050，withafocusonareasofhighbiodiversity可知為了避免動(dòng)植物大規(guī)模滅絕，政府應(yīng)該保護(hù)三分之一的海洋和海洋，到2030年為止，到2050年為一半，重點(diǎn)是生物多樣性高的地區(qū)，說明我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)更寬廣的（wider）自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，故選B。【22題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.unique獨(dú)一無二的；B.sufficient足夠的；C.critical至關(guān)重要的；D.fit合適的。本句Theforests，forexample，are（2）forabsorbingandstoringcarbon，"saysBaillie。句意是例如，森林對(duì)于吸收和儲(chǔ)存碳是至關(guān)重要的（critical），"Baillie說。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.examples例子；B.values價(jià)值；C.awards獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)；D.objectives目標(biāo)。根據(jù)下文whensettinggoalsandstrategies?？芍谠O(shè)定目標(biāo)和策略時(shí)。說明我們應(yīng)該設(shè)定更大的目標(biāo)（objective），故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.increase增加；B.achieve獲得；C.lack缺少；D.frustrate挫敗。本句Wehavetoenormously（4）ourambitionifwewanttoavoidanextinctioncrisisandifwewanttomaintaintheecosystemservicesthatwe（5）benefitfrom，"可知如果我們想要避免滅絕危機(jī)，并且如果我們想維持我們目前受益的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)，我們必須極大地增加（increase）我們的雄心壯志，"故選A。【25題詳解】考查副詞辨析。A.barely幾乎不；B.currently目前；C.roughly大略；D.thoroughly徹底地。本句Wehavetoenormously（4）ourambitionifwewanttoavoidanextinctioncrisisandifwewanttomaintaintheecosystemservicesthatwe（5）benefitfrom，"可知如果我們想要避免滅絕危機(jī)，并且如果我們想維持我們目前（currently）受益的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)，我們必須極大地增加我們的雄心壯志，"故選B?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.opposite；B.fixed；C.complex；D.positive。根據(jù)下句it'sjustwehavetomovemuchfaster。"可知只是我們必須加快行動(dòng)。"說明現(xiàn)在正朝著積極的（positive）方向前進(jìn)，故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.approaches；B.management；C.benefits；D.degradation。本句Itishardtoworkouthowmuchspaceisneededtopreservebiodiversityandecosystem（7），句意是很難確定需要多少空間來保護(hù)生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理（management），故選B?！?8題詳解】考查副詞辨析。A.Therefore；B.Furthermore；C.However；D.Otherwise。本句becausethereissomuchwedon'tknowaboutlifeonEarth﹣likehowmanyspeciesthereare。（8），mostestimatessuggestthatbetween25and75percentofhighbiodiversityregionsormajorecosystemsshouldbeprotected。句意是因?yàn)橛刑辔覀儾涣私獾厍蛏系纳伨拖裼卸嗌傥锓N一樣。但是，大多數(shù)估計(jì)表明應(yīng)該保護(hù)25%到75%的高生物多樣性地區(qū)或主要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。上下句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選C。【29題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.concerned；B.changeable；C.firm；D.cautious。本句Therefore，we，includinggovernments，shouldbe（9）whensettinggoalsandstrategies。句意：因此，在制定目標(biāo)和戰(zhàn)略時(shí)，我們（包括政府）都應(yīng)該關(guān)注（concerned）。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.deserted；B.secured；C.measured；D.distributed。本句Thereisnodoubtthatweneedfarmorelandandsea（10）forconservingandretainingnature，"句意是毫無疑問，我們需要更多的土地和海洋來保護(hù)自然，"故選B?！?1題詳解】考查名詞辨析。A.damage；B.cost；C.amount；D.standard。根據(jù)上句Thereisnodoubtthatweneedfarmorelandandsea可知我們需要更多的土地和海洋來保護(hù)自然，本句是指的最少量（amount）的土地和海洋，故選C?！?2題詳解】考查副詞辨析。A.completely；B.merely；C.virtually；D.desperately。本句"Ifwe（12）protectaproportionoftheterritory，governmentswilllikelyprotectwhat'seasy，andthat'susuallyareasof（13）biodiversityandecosystemserviceprovision。"句意是"如果我們只是（merely）保護(hù)一部分領(lǐng)土，政府可能會(huì)保護(hù)容易的東西，而這通常是生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)供應(yīng)不足的地區(qū)。"故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞辨析。A.mass；B.tropical；C.marine；D.low。本句"Ifwe（12）protectaproportionoftheterritory，governmentswilllikelyprotectwhat'seasy，andthat'susuallyareasof（13）biodiversityandecosystemserviceprovision。"句意是"如果我們只是保護(hù)一部分領(lǐng)土，政府可能會(huì)保護(hù)容易的東西，而這通常是生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)供應(yīng)不足的（low）地區(qū)。"故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.exploited；B.expanded；C.restored；D.discovered。本句Infact，athirdofthe3.6percentoflandthatisalreadymeanttobeprotectedisactuallybeing（14），Watson'steamreportedlastmonth．句意是事實(shí)上，已經(jīng)意圖受到保護(hù)的3.6%的土地中有三分之一實(shí)際上正在被剝削（exploited），Watson的團(tuán)隊(duì)上個(gè)月報(bào)告說。故選A．【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.developing；B.covering；C.declaring；D.utilizing根據(jù)上句Infact，athirdofthe3.6percentoflandthatisalreadymeanttobeprotectedisactuallybeing（14），可知事實(shí)上，已經(jīng)意圖受到保護(hù)的3.6%的土地中有三分之一實(shí)際上正在被剝削，說明因此，僅聲明要保護(hù)的區(qū)域是不夠的。故選C．【點(diǎn)睛】完型填空題的命題趨勢(shì)解題步驟：1．通讀全文，理解大意．重視首句信息，跳過空格，瀏覽全文，從整體上感知全文，理解文章大意，這是解題的基礎(chǔ)。2．瞻前顧后，避難就易。在理解文章大意的情況下，結(jié)合各選項(xiàng)的意義和用法，遵循先易后難的原則，先解決那些自己有把握的問題。對(duì)少數(shù)難題，暫時(shí)跳過，或許在上文中難以判斷的題在下文中就有暗示或者明顯的提示，或許一個(gè)在前面不能解答的題在填出了另一空后會(huì)令你豁然開朗。3．復(fù)讀全文，解決殘敵．借助已經(jīng)補(bǔ)全的空格，對(duì)全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解決所遺留的少數(shù)疑難問題。4．再次復(fù)讀，彌補(bǔ)疏漏，全部做好后，務(wù)必要結(jié)合自己選擇的答案重新閱讀短文內(nèi)容，確保全文連貫。SectionBThesummerIturned16，myfathergavemehis‘69ChevyMalibuconvertible（敞篷車）．BeautifullyrepaintedwithV﹣8engine﹣itwasagiftwastedonmeatthatage．WhatdidIknowaboutclassiccars？TheimportantthingwasthatHannahandIcoulddrivearoundTucsonwiththetopdown．Hannahwasmybestfriend，ayearyoungerbutmuchtaller，almostfivefootten．"Hannah'sgoingtobesomething，"mymotheralwayssaid．Andsureenough，thatsummershesignedwithamodelingagency．Shewasalreadydoingcatalogandrunwaywork．Amonthaftermybirthday，HannahandIwenttothemovies．Onthewayhome，westoppedattheMcDonald'sdrive﹣through，puttingthefriesontheseatbetweenustoshare．"Let'sridearoundawhile，"Isaid．Itwasaclearnight，oven﹣warm，fullmooncastlowoverthedesert．Takingacurvetoofast，Ihitapatchofdirtandslidfromsidetoside．Ithencutthroughaneighbor'slandscapewallanddroveintoafull﹣grownpalm．Thefrontwheelscametoresthalfwayupthetreetrunk．Frenchfriesonthefloor，thedash，andmylap．AnimpossibleamountofbloodonHannah'sface，piecesofskinhangingintohereyes．Theytookusinseparateambulances．Intheemergencyroom，myparentsspokequietly：Bestplasticsurgeoninthecity．Endofhermodelingcareer．We'dbeenwearinglegbelts，butthecardidn'thaveshoulderbands．I'ddamagedmycheekboneonthewheel；Hannah'sforeheadhadsplitwideopenonthedash．WhatwouldIsaytoher？Whenhermother，Sharon，cameintomyhospitalroom，Istartedtocry，preparingmyselfforheranger．Shesatbesidemeandtookmyhand．"Ihitmybestfriend'scarintherearwhenIwasyourage，"shesaid．"Iwreckedhercarandmine．""I'msosorry，"Isaid．"You'rebothalive，"shesaid．"Therestiswindowdressing．"Istartedtoprotest，andSharonstoppedme．"Iforgiveyou．Hannahwilltoo．"Sharon'sforgivenessallowedHannahandmetogetbackinthecartogetherthatsummer，tostayfriendsthroughouthighschoolandcollege，tobeineachother'sweddings，andtowatchmyfourteenagersgetalongwithherthreeyoungerchildren．IthinkofhergiftofforgivenesseverytimeI'mtemptedtoblamesomeoneinasecretforsomethingrecognizedaswrong．AndwheneverIseeHannah，thescarsaresofadedthatnooneelsewouldnotice，butinthesunlightIcanstillseethefaintshimmer（微光）justbelowherhairline﹣forme，asignofgrace．36.WhichofthefollowingaboutHannahisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A.Shewasnotasbadlyinjuredastheauthor．B.Sheneverreallyforgavemethoughhermotherdid．C.Shelearnedthegiftofforgivenessthroughtheaccident．D.Shecouldhavebeenamodelifshehadn'texperiencedtheaccident．37.Inparagraph4，"windowdressing"isclosestinmeaningto""．A.insignificantB.colorfulC.undeterminedD.hopeful38.Accordingtothepassage，Sharoncomfortedtheauthorby．A.showingherownscarB.mentioningherownstoryC.visitingtheauthorinpersonD.teachingtheauthorapersonallesson39.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthearticle？A.AGracefulFriendB.ALastingFriendshipC.ALuckyCarAccidentD.TheGiftofForgiveness【答案】36.D37.A38.B39.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和朋友開車出了車禍，朋友和她媽媽對(duì)作者的諒解讓作者終生受益?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中thatsummershesignedwithamodelingagency.Shewasalreadydoingcatalogandrunwaywork.和第五段的Intheemergencyroom,myparentsspokequietly:Bestplasticsurgeoninthecity.Endofhermodelingcareer.可知，Hannsh已經(jīng)和模特公司簽約，這次事故結(jié)束了她的模特生涯，即如果沒有這次事故，她本可以成為模特的，故選D。【37題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文漢娜的媽媽說的話“You’rebothalive”可知，此處應(yīng)是表達(dá)：你們倆都活著，其它的都不重要了，結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)：A.insignificant不重要的；B.colorful多彩的；C.undetermined為確定的；D.hopeful有希望的，故選A?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段的Shesatbesidemeandtookmyhand.“Ihitmybestfriend’scarintherearwhenIwasyourage,”shesaid.“Iwreckedhercarandmine.”可知，Sharon是給作者講述自己曾發(fā)生的一件類似的經(jīng)歷，以此來安慰作者。故選A?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。文章開頭講述可作者和朋友開車出了事故，最后作者朋友的媽媽對(duì)作者的寬恕讓作者在今后的人生里每每要責(zé)備別人時(shí)都會(huì)想起Sharon的寬恕，這種寬恕對(duì)作者來說是一種禮物，因此本文的標(biāo)題用“寬恕的禮物”非常合適，故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】閱讀理解常從細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，主旨大意，詞義猜測(cè)四個(gè)方面出題。推理判斷類題信息含量大，可能是文中的某句話也可能是幾句話，要求考生在原文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章中的信息進(jìn)行分析、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義，屬于難度較高的題型。它常常從細(xì)節(jié)推斷；文章來源或?qū)ο箢愅茢啵粚懽饕鈭D類推斷和態(tài)度傾向類推斷四個(gè)方向進(jìn)行考查。推理判斷題常用的方法有1.抓住特定的信息進(jìn)行正向或逆向推理。2.整合全文信息進(jìn)行推斷。3.根據(jù)上下文的邏輯進(jìn)行推理得出結(jié)論。在做題中要注意那些張冠李戴、顛倒是非、無中生有、曲解文意、擴(kuò)縮范圍的干擾項(xiàng)。本文中的第1小題屬于推理判斷題，第1小題是細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，需要文中給定的信息進(jìn)行正向推斷，需要結(jié)合文中第二段和第五段兩處的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷。Makingtheseeasytaskspartofyourmorningschedulewillimproveyournutrition，energy，andmoodtoday﹣andbeyond．6：00a．m．STRETCHINBEDTrythisevenbeforeyouopenyoureyes．Liftonearmandbeginbystretchingeachfinger，thenyourhand，thenyourwrist，andthenyourwholearm．Moveontotheotherarm．Thenstretchyourtoes，feet，ankles，andlegs．Finally，endwithaneckandbackstretchthatpropelsyououtofbed．You'vejustlimberedupyourmusclesandjointsandenhancedbloodflowthroughoutyourbody，providingashotofoxygentoallyourtissues．Takeuptheentirelengthofthebedwhenyoustretch．AccordingtoHarvardUniversitypsychologistAmyCuddy，thisdisplayofpoweristypicalofaboldperson，makingyoufeelmoreconfidentalldaylong．7：00a．m．EXERCISEABIT﹣ONANEMPTYSTOMACHWorkingoutbeforeyoueat，researcherssay，encouragesyourbodytoburnmorefatforenergyratherthanrelyingoncarbohydratesfromfood．InaJournalofPhysiologystudy，participantswhoexercisedafterbreakfaststillgainedweight（asdidacontrolgroupwhodidn'texercise），butthosewhoexercisedonanemptystomachdidnot．Moreover，researchfromtheUniversityofVermontshowsthatthemood﹣enhancingbenefitsofa20﹣minuteworkoutcanlastfor12hours，aboostyou'llwanttoenjoyalldaylong．BREAKYOURFASTTWICEBreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday，sowhynothavetwo？AstudypublishedinthejournalPediatricObesitytrackedtheweightandbreakfast﹣eatingpatternsof584studentsovertwoyears．Theyfoundthatfrequentbreakfastskippersshowedincreasedoddsofbecomingoverweightorobesecomparedwiththosewhoatetwobreakfasts（oneathomeandoneatschool）．Thesensibletakeaway：Ifyoueatmoreinthemorning，you'llbelesslikelytosnackatnight，whenit'shardertoburnoffcalories．8：00a．m．SEEKOUTGOODNEWSIna2015study，researchersaskedonegroupofparticipantstowatchjustthreeminutesofpositive，solutions﹣focusednews（suchasavideoofa70﹣year﹣oldmanwhogothisgraduationcertificateafterfailingthetestdozensoftimes）．Theseparticipantswere27percentmorelikelytoreportafewhourslaterthattheirdayhadbeen"happy"thanpeoplewhowatchednegativenewsinthemorning．StudyauthorGielanalsocitedsubstantialevidencethatnegativemoodsaffectworkplaceperformance．Voila!You'veimprovedyourstateofmind，yourhealth，andyourproductivity﹣allbeforetheweekdayhasevenbegun．Nowyou'rereadytoconqueryourto﹣dolistfortodayandeveryday．40.Thearticleiswrittento．A.giveprofessionalguidanceonkeepingfitB.revealsomeresearchresultsabouthealthC.putforwardseveralsuggestionsformorningroutinesD.offersometipsonhowtoimproveworkplaceperformance41.Itissuggestedthatyoushouldoccupytheentirebedwhenyoustretchbecauseitespecially．A.increasesyourconfidenceB.helpsyououtofbedeasilyC.stimulatesyourbloodcirculationD.hasaneffectonyouroverallhealth42.Whoisleastlikelytogainweightaccordingtothearticle？A.Thosewhoskipbreakfastsfrequently．B.Thosewhodomorningstretchinginbed．C.Thosewhohavedoublebreakfastsinthemorning．D.Thosewhohavetheirbreakfastbeforemorningexercise．【答案】40.C41.A42.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。為了增加營(yíng)養(yǎng)、提高精力和改善心情，作者對(duì)如何安排早晨日程提出了一些建議。【40題詳解】推理判斷題。由“6:00a.m.STRETCHINBED.7:00a.m.EXERCISEABIT--ONANEMPTYSTOMACH.8:00a.m.SEEKOUTGOODNEWS”可知，作者對(duì)早晨日常安排提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。故C選項(xiàng)正確?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由6:00a.m.STRETCHINBED中的“Takeuptheentirelengthofthebedwhenyoustretch.AccordingtoHarvardUniversitypsychologistAmyCuddy,thisdisplayofpoweristypicalofaboldperson,makingyoufeelmoreconfidentalldaylong”可知，伸展時(shí)你應(yīng)該占據(jù)整個(gè)床，這樣會(huì)增加你的自信。故A選項(xiàng)正確?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由BREAKYOURFASTTWICE中的“Theyfoundthatfrequentbreakfastskippersshowedincreasedoddsofbecomingoverweightorobesecomparedwiththosewhoatetwobreakfasts(oneathomeandoneatschool).”可知，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與那些吃了兩份早餐（一份在家里，一份在學(xué)校）的人相比，經(jīng)常不吃早餐的人超重或肥胖的幾率更大。所以，那些吃了兩份早餐的人最不容易增肥。故C選項(xiàng)正確。Whatisthesinglemosteffectivewaytoreducegreenhouse﹣gasemissions？Govegetarian？ReplanttheAmazon？Cycletowork？Noneoftheabove．Theansweris：makeair﹣conditionersradicallybetter．Ononecalculation，replacingrefrigerants（制冷劑）thatdamagetheatmospherewouldreducetotalgreenhousegasesbytheequivalentof90bntonsofCO2by2050．Makingtheunitsmoreenergy﹣efficientcoulddoublethat．Air﹣conditioningisoneoftheworld'sgreatoverlookedindustries．Automobilesandair﹣conditionerswereinventedatroughlythesametime，andbothhavehadahugeimpactonwherepeopleliveandwork．Unlikecars，though，air﹣conditionershavedrawnlittlecriticismfortheirsocialimpact，emissionsorenergyefficiency．Mosthotcountriesdonothaverulestogoverntheirenergyuse．Yetair﹣conditioninghasdonequitealotofthingstobenefithumankind．IthastransformedproductivityinthetropicsandhelpedturnsouthernChinaintotheworkshopoftheworld．InEurope，itsspreadhaspusheddownheat﹣relateddeathstentimeslessthanwhatitwasin2003，whenaround70，000people，mostofthemelderly，diedinaheatwave．Forchildren，air﹣conditionedclassroomsanddormitoriesareassociatedwithbettergradesatschool．Environmentalistswhocallair﹣conditioning"aluxurywecannotafford"havehalfapoint，however．Inthenexttenyears，asmanyair﹣conditionerswillbeinstalledaroundtheworldaswereputinbetween1902（whenair﹣conditioningwasinvented）and2005．Untilenergycanbeproducedwithoutcarbonemissions，theseextramachineswillwarmtheworld．Atthemoment，therefore，air﹣conditionerscreateaviciouscycle．ThemoretheEarthwarms，themorepeopleneedthem．Butthemorethereare，thewarmertheworldwillbe．Cuttingtheimpactofcoolingrequiresthreethings（beyondturningupthethermostat（溫度調(diào)節(jié)器）tomakeroomslessArctic）．First，air﹣conditionersmustbecomemuchmoreefficient．Themostenergy﹣efficientmodelsonthemarkettodayconsumeonlyaboutone﹣thirdasmuchelectricityasaverageones．Minimumenergy﹣performancestandardsneedtoberaised，orintroducedincountriesthatlackthemaltogether，topushtheaverageunit'sperformanceclosertothestandardofthebest．Next，manufacturesshouldstopusingdamagingrefrigerants．Onecategoryofthese，hydrofluorocarbons，isover1，000timesworsethancarbondioxidewhenitcomestotrappingheatintheatmosphere．Aninternationaldealtophaseoutthesepollutants，calledtheKigaliamendment，willcomeintoforcein2019．Foot﹣draggersshouldapproveandimplementit；Americaisonecountrythathasnotdoneso．Last，morecouldbedonetodesignoffices，mallsandevencitiessotheydonotneedasmanyair﹣conditionersinthefirstplace．Morebuildingsshouldbebuiltwithoverhangingroofsorbalconiesforshade，orwithnaturalair﹣circulation．Simplypaintingroofswhitecanhelpkeeptemperaturesdown．Bettermachinesarenecessary．Butcoolingasanoverallsystemneedstobeimprovedifair﹣conditionersistofulfillitspromisetomakepeoplehealthier，wealthierandwiser，withouttoohighanenvironmentalcost．Providingindoorsheltersofair﹣conditionedcomfortneednotcomeattheexpenseofanoverheatingworld．43.Whydoestheauthorthinkair﹣conditi