高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)（人教版）教師用書(shū)寫(xiě)作提升02體裁篇第3講議論文

第三講議論文議論文是以議論為主要表達(dá)方式的一種常用文體，它通過(guò)擺事實(shí)、講道理、辨是非等，來(lái)表達(dá)作者的見(jiàn)解和主張。中學(xué)英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)所要求的議論文，是一種限定的寫(xiě)作，其論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證都比較明確，考生可以結(jié)合題目要求，闡述相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)，切忌隨意發(fā)揮。寫(xiě)好議論文要注意以下幾個(gè)方面：1．把握好議論文的三要素：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。論點(diǎn)要明確，論據(jù)要充分，論證要嚴(yán)密。2．合理分段，理清層次：通?？煞譃槿危旱谝欢危禾釤捰^點(diǎn)、引出話題：開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地提出需要討論的話題。第二段：剖析現(xiàn)象、分析原因：一般而言，同一現(xiàn)象可能由多個(gè)原因造成，所以考生需要運(yùn)用適當(dāng)詞語(yǔ)來(lái)引出原因，如firstly，secondly，thirdly；lastbutnotleast等。第三段：發(fā)表個(gè)人看法、觀點(diǎn)。3．選用合適的論證方法：①歸納法(從分析典型即分析個(gè)別事物入手，找出事物的共同特點(diǎn)，然后得出結(jié)論)；②推理法(從一般原理出發(fā)，對(duì)個(gè)別事物進(jìn)行說(shuō)明、分析，然后得出結(jié)論)；③對(duì)照法(把正反兩方面進(jìn)行對(duì)照，然后加以分析，得出結(jié)論)；④駁論法(先列出錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)，然后逐條加以批駁，最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn))等。4．言之有物，以理服人：緊扣議題，用鮮活的事實(shí)來(lái)說(shuō)服讀者。恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用高級(jí)詞匯、高檔句式來(lái)豐富語(yǔ)句的信息量。[模板1對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)型]________(問(wèn)題)arebeingmoreandmorepopularnow.Therearetwosidesofopinionsof________(問(wèn)題)．Somestudentssay________(觀點(diǎn)一)aretheirfavorite.Theyholdtheirviewforthereasonthat________(理由一)．Whatismore，________(理由二)．Whileothersthinkthat________(觀點(diǎn)二)isabetterchoiceinthefollowingtworeasons.Firstly，________(理由一)．Secondly，________(理由二)．Frommypointofview，________(“我”的觀點(diǎn))．Thereasonisthat________(理由)．Forme，thelatterissurelyawisechoice.①存在的問(wèn)題。②贊成對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)。③反對(duì)對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)。④“我”的觀點(diǎn)及原因。[模板2說(shuō)明利弊型]Nowadaysmany________prefer________(問(wèn)題)becauseithasanimportantroleintheirdailylife.Generallyspeaking，itsadvantagescanbeseenasfollows.First，________(優(yōu)點(diǎn)一)．Second________(優(yōu)點(diǎn)二)．Besides，________(優(yōu)點(diǎn)三)．Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Oneoftheimportantdisadvantagesisthat________(缺點(diǎn)一)．Tomakemattersworse，________(缺點(diǎn)二)．Throughtheaboveanalysis，Ibelievethat________(結(jié)論)．Therefore，I wouldliketo________(看法)．①提出問(wèn)題。②列舉優(yōu)點(diǎn)。③列舉缺點(diǎn)。④發(fā)表看法。[模板3社會(huì)現(xiàn)象型]Nowadays，thereexistsamonphenomenon：with________(原因)，moreandmorepeopletendto________(現(xiàn)象)．Thereareacoupleofreasonsbehindthisphenomenon.Foronething，________(理由一)．Foranother，________(理由二)．Whatismore,________(影響)．Basedontheabovediscussions，Icaneasilyforecastthat________(結(jié)論)．①具體的社會(huì)問(wèn)題或者現(xiàn)象。②分析出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因。③得出結(jié)論。1．必備亮點(diǎn)詞匯recentlyadv. 最近arousevt. 引起concludev. 得出結(jié)論influencen. 影響payattentionto 注意inaddition 另外paredwith... 與……比較asfarasIamconcerned 就我而言atotallydifferentargument 完全不同的觀點(diǎn)positiveandnegativeeffects 有利有弊besupportedbysoundreasons 有充分的理由支持nowadaysadv. 現(xiàn)在sayingn. 諺語(yǔ)discussionn. 討論majorityn. 多數(shù)indemand 需求personally 就個(gè)人而言argumentn. 爭(zhēng)論proverbn. 諺語(yǔ)，格言analysisn. 分析asfollows 如下generallyspeaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō)onthecontrary 相反fromanotherperspective 從另一個(gè)角度acontroversialissue 有爭(zhēng)議性的問(wèn)題severalpositiveaspects 幾個(gè)積極的方面advantagesanddisadvantages 優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)2．經(jīng)典套用句型·閃亮篇首句Alongwiththedevelopmentof...，moreandmore...隨著……的發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的……Thereisalongrunningdebateastowhether...對(duì)于是否……有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期存在的爭(zhēng)論。Somepeoplebelievethat...isreasonable.有些人認(rèn)為……是合理的。Foryears，...hasbeenseenas...，butthingsarequitedifferentnow.多年以來(lái)，……一直被看作是……，但現(xiàn)在情況大不一樣了。Nowadays，peopleinChinaareincreasinglyinterestedin...如今，中國(guó)人正越來(lái)越對(duì)……感興趣?！こ霾势芯銲prefermyEnglishclassestobetaughtinEnglishonly.我更喜歡英語(yǔ)課只用英語(yǔ)授課。Foranother，weshouldbehonestandtrytogetgoodresultsbystudyinghard.另一方面，我們應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí)并且盡力通過(guò)努力學(xué)習(xí)取得好成績(jī)。Therefore，theywillbeabletolearnmorequickly.因此，他們將學(xué)得更快。Whatcallsforspecialattentionisthat...需要特別注意的是……There’snodenyingthat...不可否認(rèn)的是……Nothingisfarmoreimportantthanthefactthat...沒(méi)有什么比……這一事實(shí)更為重要。However，therearealsosomeproblemswith...然而，……也有問(wèn)題存在。Otherpeopleconsideritasafashionactshowingtheyarenot“out”．另一些人把這當(dāng)作一種顯示他們沒(méi)有“落伍”的時(shí)尚行為。Asweallknow，agoodlearningenvironmentisvitalifwewanttostudyalanguagewell.正如我們所知，如果想學(xué)好一門語(yǔ)言，一個(gè)好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境是至關(guān)重要的。Inmypointofview，...hasmuchdifferencefromtheorigin.在我看來(lái)，……與它的起源有很大的不同。Thearisingofthisactclearlyhassomethingtodowith...這種行為的出現(xiàn)與……有關(guān)?！ぞ势簿銲tcanbesaidwithcertaintythat...可以肯定地說(shuō)……Astheproverbsays,...常言道，……FromallthatIsaid，Iagreetotheviewthat...根據(jù)以上所言，我同意……的觀點(diǎn)。Justasthesayinggoes，“Practicemakesperfect.”正如俗語(yǔ)所說(shuō)，“實(shí)踐出真知?！盕romwhathasbeendiscussedabove，wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat...根據(jù)上面的討論，我們可以毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地得出……的結(jié)論。Frommypointofview，itwouldbebetterif...我認(rèn)為，如果……會(huì)更好。Inconclusion，Ithinkit’sallrightto...總之，我認(rèn)為……是可以的。請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。(2016·江蘇卷)Inrecentyears，internetvotinghasbeeincreasinglypopularinChina.Peoplenotonlycastonlinevotesthemselves，butalsourgeotherstovoteforpetitionslikethe“MostBeautifulTeacher”andthe“CutestBaby”．LiJiang，ahighschoolstudent，isinvitedtovoteinthe“BestPoliceOfficer”petition，organizedbythelocalgovernmenttoletthepublichaveabetterunderstandingofpoliceofficers’dailywork.LiJiangvisitsthewebsiteandreadsallthestories.Heisdeeplymovedbytheirgloriousdeeds.Heisalreadythinkingofbeingapolicemanhimselfinthefuture.SuHuaisinvitedbyhisuncletovoteforhiscousininthe“FutureSinger”petition.Hehasalreadyreceivedthreesimilarinvitationsthisweek.Hisuncletellshimthatifhiscousinwinsthepetition，thefamilywillwinanoverseastourforfree.SuHualikeshiscousinverymuch，buthefindsothersingersperformevenbetter.Tovote，ornottovote？Thisisaquestionthattroubleshimverymuch.[寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容]1．用約30個(gè)單詞寫(xiě)出上文概要；2．用約不少于100個(gè)單詞闡述你對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的看法，并用2～3個(gè)理由或論據(jù)支撐你的看法。[寫(xiě)作要求]1．寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句；2．作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱；3．不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。(范文1)Onlinevotingbeesincreasinglypopular，andmanypetitionsgetpeopleinvolvedinit.Itisbeneficialtosomepeople，whileitputsothersintoadilemmaoverwhethertovoteornot.Inmyopinion，onlinevotingisaninseparablepartofmodernlifeandshouldbeweled，sinceitisnomorethanawaytoparticipateinpubliclife.Itmakesnodifferencefromordinaryvotingevents，inwhichcandidatesgoaroundtoseeksupports.Inaddition，theInternetmakessurveyingandvotingeasyandconvenient，regardlessoftimeandspace.Furthermore，votingontheInternetmakesinstantfeedbackpossible.Tobehonest，voterssometimesfeelannoyed，notbecausetheyhatevoting，butbecausetheyaredividedbetweenemotionandfairness.Thingswillturnforthebetterifwecanworkoutsomeparticipationrulesforpeopletoobey.Therefore,Iholdapositiveattitudetowardsonlinevoting.(范文2)Internetvotingisquitepopularnowadays.Manypeoplearesomewhatpuzzledatthenegativesideofthevoting，althoughsomearequitehappywithit，andacti