語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)八動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一、動(dòng)詞的分類和形式：動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的詞。動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣3種形式的變化。 1、動(dòng)詞按其能否獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)而分為：“謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”和“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”兩種 2、動(dòng)詞的4種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。1.sit__________________________________2.write________________________________3.teach_________________________________4.swim_________________________________5.play___________________________________6.study____________________________________ 3、動(dòng)詞按其構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞詞組作用分為：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。1）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。還可分為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間動(dòng)詞；Hehastostayathome,______________?湯姆死了10年。_____________________________________.Youmusthandinyourexercises.Hemustbeinthelibrary,__________________?Youcan______thebookforaweek.(借書)2）連系動(dòng)詞有兩種：一種表特征或狀態(tài)，另一種表狀態(tài)變化過程。begrowbecometurngolookseemappearkeepstayremain二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)______________2.用法：1）表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2）表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客觀事實(shí)或真理。4）表示按照計(jì)劃安排好的將來行為。（只限于是go,come,leave,start,stop,be等開始或移動(dòng)意義的詞。）Thesun______________________________每天從東方升起。ThetraintoBeijing_____________________________明天七點(diǎn)出發(fā)。2、一般過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)_____________用法：1）表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2）敘述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的事情。3）表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Lastyearshe_________________________教我們的物理。HehaslivedinYueyangsince_______________________________他出生。3、一般將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)_________________________________________________用法：1）表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2）表示將來的經(jīng)常動(dòng)作。他一到美國(guó)就會(huì)給你寫信的。_________________________________________________________________4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)________________________________用法：1）表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2）表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。（說話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定進(jìn)行。）Thisyear_______________________________他在寫一本書。5、過去進(jìn)行進(jìn)的結(jié)構(gòu)_________________用法：1）過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2）表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞：come,start,stay,leave,go等詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過去的將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3）wasgoingtodo可以表示在過去某一時(shí)間之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。WhenIgottohishomehe_______________________________在上網(wǎng)玩游戲。6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)____________________________用法：1）表示剛剛完成的動(dòng)作，常與just連用。2）表示過去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，甚至延續(xù)到將來。常與since,for連用，3）表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Mary_________________________________彈鋼琴5年了8、過去完成的結(jié)構(gòu)___________________用法：1）表示在過去某一或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。常與by,before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或上下文暗示。2）表示由過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，常和for（有時(shí)可省去）或since構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)或since引導(dǎo)的從句連用。Bytheendoflastterm,_________________________________我們學(xué)了10本書。Thefilm_______________________上演了halfanhourbeforewearrived.9、過去將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)_____________________用法：表示對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)刻而言將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Hetoldus__________________________明天和我們一起爬山。1.WhenIsawMary,she______onthepiano.A.isplaying B.plays C.wasplaying D.played2.She______thedoorbeforeshegoesaway.A.hadlocked B.islocking C.haslocked. D.waslocking.3.Ahunterisamanwho______animals.A.catch B.catches C.willcatch D.wascatching4.What_____ifIdrinkthis?A.happens B.ishappening C.willhappen D.ishappened5.IwillvisityouifFather______me.A.let B.lets C.isletting D.willlet6.Lookout!Thattree_____falldown.A.isgoingto B.willbe C.shall D.would7.Myuncle_____toseeme.He'llbeheresoon.A.comes B.iscoming C.hadcome D.came8.Theycan'tleaveuntilthey_____theirwork.A.did B.aredoing C.havedone D.hasdone9."Hasheseenthisfilm?" "Yes.He______itseveraldaysago."A.saw B.hasseen C.hadseen D.wasseeing10.NowMikeisn'there.He______MrGreen's.Perhapshe______backinafewminutes.A.wentto;iscoming B.hasgoneto;willcomeC.hasbeento;willbe D.isgoingto;hascome11.Thatdayhe._______hisclothesbeforehecametoseeme.A.haswashed B.washed C.hadbeenwashingD.waswashed12.Ihaven'tfinishedmycomposition. I______fortwohoursandahalf.A.havewrittenit B.havebeenwritingitC.wroteit D.amwrittingit13.IwilltakemydaughterwithmewhenI_____ShangHai,A.goto B.willgoto C.havebeento D.havegoneto14.Thisbrightgirl______thetruthinfrontoftheenemy.A.didn'tsay B.couldn'tspeakto C.said D.didn'ttell15.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuilt B.built C.wassetup D.hadbeenbuilt16."When______schoolbegin?" "NextMonday."A.has B.does C.did D.isgoingto17.Iwill______heretillyougivemesomemoney.A.leave B.notleave C.come D.return18.I_____heresinceImovedhere.A.willwork B.worked C.work D.havebeenworking19.EverytimeI_____there,Iwillbuyhimsomethingnice.A.went B.willgo C.go D.havegone20.Itwassaidthathisfather______.A.hasdied B.died. C.hasbeendead D.haddied21.Wewon'tgounlessyou______soon.A.hadcome B.came C.willcome D.come22._____sixyearssinceIbeganstudyingEnglish.A.Theyhavebeen B.itis C.Itwas D.Thereare23.They______theSummerPalacethreetimes.A.havegoneto B.havebeento C.havebeenin D.havegoneinto24."Howlonghaven'tweseeneachother?""Well,it_____nearlytwoyearssincewe______last."A.is/havemet B.was/hadmet C.is/met D.hasbeen/hadmet25."Haveyouseentheartexhibition?""No,_____there."A.itwasnotbeingheld B.theydidn'tholdC.ithadnotheld D.theywereholdingit26.Don'tgetoffthebusuntilit______.A.stop B.willstop C.stopped D.hasstopped27."Where______therecorder?Ican'tseeitanywhere.""I_____itrighthere.Butnowit'sgone."A.didyouput/haveput B.haveyouput/putC.hadyouput/wasputting D.wereyouputting/haveput28.Theyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.Isaidthatitwas10yearssinceI______agooddrink.A.hadenjoyed B.wasenjoying C.enjoyedD.hadbeenenjoying29.Don'tcometonight.Iwouldratheryou_____tomorrow.A.come B.came C.willcome D.coming30.______you______?A.Do/marry B.Have/married C.Have/beenmarried D.Are/married31.Whenhe______allthenewspapers,he'llgohome.A.sells B.hassold C.willhavesold D.willbesold32."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.""Ok.I'lltakeit."A.washes/lasts B.iswashed/lasted C.washes/islasted D.iswashing/lasting33."Hurryup,you______onthephone.""Oh,I'mcoming.Thankyou."A.arewanted B.arebeingwanted C.want D.arewanting34.I______seeyou,butIdidn't,forIhadnotime.A.hadwantedto B.haswantedto C.wanted D.waswanted35.I______inGuangZhouforsixyearsbythisOctober.A.havelived B.wasliving C.willbeliving D.shallhavelived36.Bythistimenextyearhe______fromthecollege.A.willbegraduating B.shouldbegraduatingC.willhavegraduated D.isgraduating37.Ourteachertoldusthattheearth_____fromwesttoeast.A.turns B.turn C.hasturned D.hadturned38.Mybrother_____whilehe_____hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasriding B.fell/wereridingC.hadfallen/rode D.hadfallen/wasriding39.Billsaidhe____twenty-onethenextyear.A.wasgoingtobe B.wasabouttobe C.couldbe D.wastobe40.Itishightimeyou_____inbednow.A.are B.were C.willbe D.wouldbe41.Afterawhileanagreement_____.A.wasarrivedat B.wasarrivedin C.wasarrived D.hasbeenarrived42.TheairlinerfromBeijing_____at3:00p.m.A.isabouttoarrive B.hasarrived C.arrives D.isgoingtoarrive43.______,thatstepisnotsafe!A.Lookaround B.Lookup C.Lookout D.Lookdown44."Haveyou_____himtogiveupsmoking?" "No.I_____,buthewouldn'tlisten."A.persuaded/tried B.tried/persuaded C.tried/tried D.persuaded/persuaded45.Theresearchlaboratoryisgoingto______thenewtypeofcomputertouse.A.take B.make C.put D.send46.Idon'tknowwhenhe______,butwhenhe______,I'llletyouknow.A.willcome/comes B.comes/willcome C.comes/comes D.willcome/willcome47.Howmuchdoyouthinkthatvase_____?A.iscost B.used C.waspaidfor D.cost48.I_____thathewouldbeabletoleavetomorrow,butit'sbeginningtolookdiffcult. A.hope B.hadhoped C.hoped D.amhoping49.“Comeon,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.” “Oh,howniceofyou,I_____you_____tobringmeagift.” A.neverthink/aregoing B.neverthought/weregoing C.didn’tthink/aregoing D.hadn’tthought/weregoing50.It’saniceflat,butit_____aproperbathroom. A.haven’tgot B.hasn’tgot C.wouldn’tget D.doesn’thavegot51.Shehadashockwhensheheardthenews,_____? A.hadn’tshe B.didn’tshe C.wouldn’tshe D.won’tshe52.Thisliquid_____thesaltatroomtemperature. A.becamemixedwith B.wasmixedby C.mixeswith D.hasbeenmixingby

動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，一般由介詞by引起的短語(yǔ)來表示，如:Weoftenhelpthem.Theyareoftenhelpedbyus.4、由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種句型：（1）將一個(gè)句子由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，①先將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)；②再將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞；③最后在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之后加介詞by，（經(jīng)常被省略）④要注意be的各種形式變化，Treesareplantedeveryspring.賓補(bǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Theyaskedhertosingasong.→Shewasaskedtosingasong.在動(dòng)詞make,see,hear,watch,notice等之后，不定式的to在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里可要省略，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里不能省，如：Tomwasseentocomeoutofthelab.②賓補(bǔ)為分詞，如：Theyheardthemsingingatthetime.→Theywereheardsingingatthattime.1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)各時(shí)態(tài)的形式是由助動(dòng)詞be的各時(shí)態(tài)的形式加及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。2、(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：NowEnglish______________教inallmiddleschoolsinourcountry.(2)一般過去時(shí)：TheGreathallofthePeople______________修建in1959.(3)一般將來時(shí):When_______thework________________完成?(4)過去將來時(shí)：Hetoldusthatthework__________________完成thenextday.(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Yourcar_________________________修理now.(6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：Thechild______________檢查bythedoctorwhentheycamein.(7)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Thework___________________________還沒完成yet.(8)過去完成:Thenewplan_______________已經(jīng)制定beforethesecondexperimentbegan. 3、在下列情況下，一般使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：（1）當(dāng)不知道動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)或沒有必要提到動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)，如：PaperwasfirstmadeinChina.（2）當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作承受者的作用時(shí)，如：Thenewmachinewasinventedbya20-year-oldyoungworker.54.I'msorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn'treadyyet.It_____inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepaired D.hasn'trepaired55.Everypossiblemeans,butnoneissuccessful.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried56._______thattheycanpassthewrittenexamthistime.A.ThatishopedB.ItishopedC.Thathopes D.Ithopes57.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch. ----Mywatch_____bymylittlesister.A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbroken D.hasbeenbroken58.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.----Hisroom_____byhimwhenIenteredtheroom.A.wasbeingcleaned B.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned60.Youshouldkeepthesethreeroomsclean.----Thesethreerooms______(byyou).A.areshouldkeepcleanB.shouldkeptcleanC.shouldbekeptcleanD.shouldhavebeenkeptclean63.Hedoesn'tdohishomeworkeveryday.----Hishomework______byhimeveryday.A.doesn'tbedone B.aren'tdoneC.don'tbedoneD.isn’tdone64.Wemusttakecareofourparentswhentheyareold.----Ourparents______whentheyareold.A.mustbetakencareB.mustbetookcarsC.musttakecareofD.mustbetakencareof65.Peoplelookdownuponhimbecauseheisaliar.----He_____becauseheisaliar.A.islookeddownB.islookeddownuponC.looksdownuponD.looksdown66.Fatherwillgivemeadictionaryonmybirthday.----Adictionary______mebyFatheronmybirthday.A.shallbegiventoB.willgiveC.shallgivetoD.willbegivingto67.Weelectedherleader. ----Shebyus.A.iselectedleaderB.wasleaderelectedC.waselectedleaderD.leaderwaselected69.Isawhimentertheroom. ----He______theroom.A.isseenenterB.isseentoenter C.wasseentoenter D.wasseenenter70.Thequestionaskedbyhimishard_____.A.toanswerB.tobeanswered C.tobeanswering D.foranswer71.Howsweetthemusic______!A.soundstobeB.issounded C.issoundedtobe D.sounds72.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeat______long.A.don'tkeepB.cannotbekept C.arenotkept D.arenotkeeping75.Doyouremember______?A.howitisdone B.ithowtobedone C.Howisitdoneby D.howtodo76.tohavebeenrich.A.TheysayB.Itissaid C.Heissaid D.Thatwassaid77.Mathematicsisdifficult______.A.tolearnB.forlearningC.tobelearnedD.oflearning80.----Ican'tseetheblackboardverywell.----Perhapsyouneed______.A.toexamineyoureyesB.tohaveyoureyesexaminedC.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.tobeexaminedyoureyes81.----Whereisthecoffeetable?----Tomjusthadit____away.A.moveB.movingC.movedD.moves82.Goodmedicine______tothemouth.A.tastesbitterB.tastesbitterlyC.istastedbitterD.istastedbitterly84.---Wheredidyougetthathandsomepicture?----Itwas_____bymyfather.A.givenforusB.agifttousC.giventousD.agiftforus85.Ayounghenis______achicken.A.namedB.knownC.spelledD.called86.----Howd