2025版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第3部分人與自然主題群1自然生態(tài)主題語(yǔ)境1主要國(guó)家地理概況教師用書教案

PAGE人與自然主題群一自然生態(tài)主題語(yǔ)境(一)主要國(guó)家地理概況閱讀理解A(2024·江蘇卷·B)Inthe1960s，whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes，thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro，whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(巖漿)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943，aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis，however，asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack，leavingbehindavasthole，thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype，butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos，herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera：almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為記敘文，講解并描述了二十世紀(jì)六十年頭BobChristiansen在探討黃石公園的火山歷史時(shí)，驚奇地發(fā)覺(jué)在黃石公園沒(méi)有找到火山。原來(lái)，這兒的火山并不是像我們大部分人想象的那種圓錐體形態(tài)的高聳的樣子，而是一個(gè)巨大的洞，這個(gè)洞太大了，以至于從地面上的任何地方都看不見(jiàn)。1．WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?A．Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B．Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.C．Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D．Theexactlocationofthevolcano.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.”可知，他困惑的是在黃石公園沒(méi)有找到火山。故選D。]2．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theshapesofvolcanoes.B．Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C．Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D．Theheightsofvolcanoes.A[主旨大意題。本段講解并描述了兩種形態(tài)的火山，一種是通常人們所理解的由火山巖漿積累形成的圓錐體，還有一種極具爆發(fā)力的火山，它們會(huì)在一個(gè)大裂縫中爆裂，留下一個(gè)巨大的洞。故選A。]3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Hot-airballoon. B．Digitalcamera.C．Bigphotograph. D．Bird'sview.C[詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.”可知，美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局為測(cè)試一些新的高海拔照相機(jī)而拍攝了黃石公園的照片。一位深思熟慮的官員把其中的一些照片副本轉(zhuǎn)交給了公園管理部門，認(rèn)為他們可能會(huì)將其放大以供一個(gè)游客中心展示。故可知，此處意為將照片放大，選C。]B(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ·B)Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare，likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896，Dawson，Canada，wasunmappedwilderness(荒野)．Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897，andtwoyearslater，itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest，withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath，killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson，however，therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere，Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon，thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown，andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today，peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要介紹了加拿大道森的歷史、發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀。4．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A．Itsbusinessculture.B．Itssmallpopulation.C．Itsgeographicalposition.D．Itsfavourableclimate.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.”可推知，由于紐約市地處哈德遜河入?？冢鋬?yōu)越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。C項(xiàng)正確。]5．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A．Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C．Almosteveryonegaveup.D．Halfofthemdied.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.”可知，在最先的兩萬(wàn)淘金者中，有4000人變得富有了，換言之，即有五分之一的人(oneoutoffivepeople)變得富有了，故答案為B。]6．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C．Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D．Theywereshortoffood.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Butsoon...andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.”可知，當(dāng)?shù)郎狞S金都被發(fā)掘后，人們聽(tīng)說(shuō)在阿拉斯加發(fā)覺(jué)了新的金礦，他們便很快離開(kāi)道森了。由此可推知，他們是想去阿拉斯加碰碰運(yùn)氣。B項(xiàng)正確。]7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity.B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness.D．TourisminDawson.A[主旨大意題。本文主要以道森為例，講解并描述了城市的興衰，故A項(xiàng)正確。]C(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ·A)SanFranciscoFireEngineToursSanFranciscoWineryTourRunning：February1stthroughApril30thThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstopatthefamousWinerySF.Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.(Includedinticketprice)DepartingfromtheCannery：TourtimesuponrequestDuration(時(shí)長(zhǎng))：2hoursPrice：$90BacktotheFiftiesTourRunning：August16ththroughAugust31stThistourtransportsyoubackintimetooneofSanFrancisco'smostfantasticperiods，the1950s！EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream.DepartingfromtheCannery：5：00pmand7：30pmDuration：2hoursPrice：$90SpookyHalloweenTourRunning：October10ththroughOctober31stJoinusforaridethroughthehistoricalPresidioeq\a\vs4\al(district).Authenticfiregear(服裝)isprovidedforyourwarmthasourentertainerstakeyoutosomeofthemostthrillingpartsofSanFrancisco.DepartingfromtheCannery：6：30pmand8：30pmDuration：1hourand30minutesPrice：AvailableuponrequestHolidayLightsTourRunning：December6ththroughDecember23rdThisattractivetourtakesyoutosomeofSanFrancisco'smostcheerfulholidayscenes.Authenticfiregearisprovidedforyourwarmthasyougetintotheholidayspirit.DepartingfromtheCannery：7：00pmand9：00pmDuration：1hourand30minutesAdvancereservationsrequired.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國(guó)舊金山的四條旅游路途。8．WhichofthetoursisavailableinMarch?A．SanFranciscoWineryTour.B．BacktotheFiftiesTour.C．SpookyHalloweenTour.D．HolidayLightsTour.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一個(gè)標(biāo)題SanFranciscoWineryTour下的“February1stthroughApril30th”可知，此項(xiàng)活動(dòng)從2月1日持續(xù)到4月30日，所以假如3月份出游，要選擇SanFranciscoWineryTour，故選A項(xiàng)。]9．WhatcantouristsdoonBacktotheFiftiesTour?A．GotoTreasureIsland.B．Enjoytheholidayscenes.C．Havefreeicecream.D．VisitthePresidiodistrict.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次個(gè)標(biāo)題BacktotheFiftiesTour下的“EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream.”可知，游客在領(lǐng)會(huì)歷史文化的同時(shí)，還有免費(fèi)的冰激凌可吃，故選C項(xiàng)。]10．WhataretouristsrequiredtodotogoonHolidayLightsTour?A．Takesomedrinks.B．Setoffearlyinthemorning.C．Wearwarmclothes.D．Makereservationsinadvance.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一個(gè)標(biāo)題HolidayLightsTour下的“Advancereservationsrequired.”可知，想?yún)⑴c這條路途，游客要提前預(yù)訂，故選D項(xiàng)。]Ⅰ.寫出所給單詞的漢語(yǔ)意思1．oddlyadv._怪異地2．featuren．特點(diǎn)3．eruptvi.爆發(fā)；噴出4．remarkablyadv.引人注目的5．explosiveadj.爆炸的6．singleadj.單一的；單身的7．a(chǎn)uthorityn．權(quán)威；權(quán)力8．scalen．規(guī)模；比例9．harbourn．海港10．a(chǎn)valanchen．雪崩11．rushn．沖進(jìn)；倉(cāng)促12．industryn．工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)13．enginen．發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，引擎14．deliciousadj.美味的15．treasuren．財(cái)寶16．departv．離開(kāi)17．a(chǎn)uthenticadj.真實(shí)的18．scenen．場(chǎng)景Ⅱ.依據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)寫出英文單詞1．leveln．水平2．beyondprep.超出3．graduallyadv.漸漸地；逐步地4．naturaladj.自然的5．digv．挖掘6．chiefadj.主要的7．presentadj.現(xiàn)在的，出席的8．transportvt.運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)輸Ⅲ.依據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1．steamn．蒸汽→steamyadj.蒸汽的2．confusev．使迷惑→confusedadj.感到困惑的→confusingadj.令人困惑的3．extinctv．滅亡→extinctionn．滅亡4．thoughtn．想法→thoughtfuladj.考慮周到的5．digitn．?dāng)?shù)字→digitaladj.數(shù)字的6．communicatevi.溝通→communicationn．溝通；溝通7．discoverv．發(fā)覺(jué)→discoveryn．發(fā)覺(jué)8．thrillv．使興奮→thrillingadj.毛骨悚然的Ⅳ.依據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)寫出慣用習(xí)語(yǔ)1．a(chǎn)ll_but幾乎2．have_a_good_reason_for_有充分的理由3．make_it勝利4．no_matter不論5._depend_on取決于[即時(shí)演練]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theconfused(confuse)lookonTom'sfacesuggestedthathedidn'tquiteunderstandhismanager'sidea.2．Wilsonhascoveredanastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorousconversationswiththestudentshetransports(transport)toandfromschool.3．Asisknowntoalllanguagelearners,newly-learntwordswillsoonbeforgottenunlessfrequentlyusedineverydaycommunication(communicate)．4．Astheweathergradually_(gradual)becomeswarmerandwarmer,hewillpickupsoon.5．Hesawlifeasavoyageofdiscovery(discover)．6．Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou'llmakeit.7．Itisverythoughtful(thought)ofyoutosendtheflowers.8．Thatwouldhavebeenagoodenoughreasonformenottogo.Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語(yǔ)意思)1．AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.大約2．Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.寬Ⅱ.似易實(shí)難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語(yǔ))1．FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.[譯文]然而，對(duì)于許多到過(guò)道森市的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這趟艱苦的旅程是值得這些回報(bào)的。2．Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.[譯文]在這里你可以品嘗到4杯舊金山供應(yīng)的最好的葡萄酒。Ⅲ.困難晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語(yǔ))1．Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassicconeshapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagmapilesup.[分析]主語(yǔ)是mostofus，謂語(yǔ)部分是thinkof...，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes是狀語(yǔ)從句，隔開(kāi)了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講也可以把when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾theclassicconeshapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro。wheneruptingmagmapilesup是狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾動(dòng)詞created。[譯文]當(dāng)談到火山時(shí)，我們中的大多數(shù)都會(huì)想到富士山或者乞力馬扎羅山的經(jīng)典圓錐形態(tài)，它們是在巖漿噴發(fā)積累時(shí)形成的。2．Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.[分析]本句是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成。前面分句是簡(jiǎn)潔句，其中withnointerestinsettlingdown作定語(yǔ)修飾people。后邊分句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是theyleftDawsonCity...，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在從句中，therewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska是heard的賓語(yǔ)從句，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that。[譯文]城市里擠滿了悲觀的人們，他們對(duì)定居毫無(wú)愛(ài)好，等聽(tīng)說(shuō)阿拉斯加有新的金礦發(fā)覺(jué)時(shí)，他們就像來(lái)時(shí)那樣快速離開(kāi)了道森城。1．a(chǎn)ccountvi.&vt.認(rèn)為；說(shuō)明；總計(jì)有n．說(shuō)明；理由；計(jì)算；賬目(1)takeaccountof.../oaccount考慮到；顧及onaccountof因?yàn)?，由于onnoaccount決不giveanaccountof報(bào)告；敘述；說(shuō)明(2)accountfor說(shuō)明；說(shuō)明；(數(shù)量，比例上)占o(jì)penanaccount開(kāi)戶createane-mailaccount創(chuàng)建電子郵件賬戶giveusalongaccountofhertriptoEurope向我們具體講解并描述她的歐洲之行[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①NorthSeaoilaccounts②WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistorysuchasThomasEdisonandAlexandertheGreat，thisbookalsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals...③(2024·天津卷)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthaton_noaccountshouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.[實(shí)力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：Theflightwaspostponedbecauseofthebadweather.高級(jí)表達(dá)：Theflightwaspostponedon_account_ofthebadweather.[名師點(diǎn)津]onnoaccount意為“決不”，放在句首時(shí)常引起句子的部分倒裝，有類似用法的還有：bynomeans,innoway,onnocondition,undernocircumstances,innocase,atnotime等。2．involvevt.包括；涉及；使參與；須要(1)involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人參與(做)某事；使某人牽扯到某事中involvedoingsth.包括做某事；參與做某事involveoneselfinsth.自己參與某事(2)involvedadj.困難的；有牽連的，有關(guān)的get/beinvolvedin被卷入……之中；熱衷于，用心于be/getinvolvedwithsb./sth.與某人混在一起，和……有親密聯(lián)系getinvolvedwiththatcrowd與那群人混在一起involvewesternfestivalsandcustoms涉及西方的節(jié)日和習(xí)俗getinvolvedincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth參與社區(qū)活動(dòng)，能從中為成長(zhǎng)獲得閱歷[名師點(diǎn)津]involvedadj.作前置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“困難的”；作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“涉及到的”。如：aninvolvedsentence“一個(gè)困難的句子”；thepeopleinvolved“所涉及的人”。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①On-linevotingbecomesincreasinglypopular,andmanycompetitionsgetpeopleinvolvedinit.②Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved(involve)．③Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子父母應(yīng)當(dāng)參與孩子的教化。Parentsshould_involve_themselves_intheirchild'seducation.3．a(chǎn)ssumptionn．假設(shè)，設(shè)想(1)assumevt.設(shè)想；假定；認(rèn)為；擔(dān)當(dāng)assumethat...假定，認(rèn)為……assume...tobe...認(rèn)為……是……；假定……是……(2)assumingthat假定……(作狀語(yǔ))(3)ontheassumptionthat假設(shè)……insupportofourassumption支持我們的假設(shè)itisreasonabletoassume認(rèn)為……合理assumingitrainstomorrow假設(shè)明天下雨[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Whereunemploymentandcrimeratesarehigh,itcanbe_assumed(assume)thatthelatterisduetotheformer.②(2024·江蘇卷)Trytounderstandwhat'sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingontheassumption_(assume)you'vemade.[實(shí)力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：IfIamchosentobeavolunteeratBeijingWinterOlympicGames,Iwillservethepeopleheartandsoul.高級(jí)表達(dá)：Assuming_(that)IamchosentobeavolunteeratBeijingWinterOlympicGames,Iwillservethepeopleheartandsoul.4．conveniencen．便利；便利；便利的事物；便利設(shè)施(1)atone'sconvenience在某人便利時(shí)(2)convenientadj.便利的；便利的；旁邊的；簡(jiǎn)潔到達(dá)的Itbeconvenientforsb.todosth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是便利的sth.beconvenientforsb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)……是便利的aconveniencestore便利店conveniencefoods便利食品arestaurantconvenientfor/toshopsandtheatres靠近商店和劇院的餐館[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2024·江蘇卷)Toenjoytheconvenience_(convenient)ofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.②Thehotelisconveniently(convenient)locatedclosetothebeach,thusmakingitpopularwithtourists.③Woulditbeconvenientforyouto_pick(pick)meupatfouro'clockandtakemetotheairport?④Ifit'sconvenientforyou,let'smeetat8：30outsidetheschoolgate.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯假如你感愛(ài)好，請(qǐng)你在便利的時(shí)候盡快報(bào)名吧。①Ifyouareinterested,pleasesignupearlierat_your_convenience.(convenience)②Ifyouareinterested,pleasesignupearlier_when_it_is_convenient_for_you.(convenient)[名師點(diǎn)津]convenient作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不行用人作主語(yǔ)，而要用物或形式主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)?！爱?dāng)你便利的時(shí)候”應(yīng)譯成“whenitisconvenientforyou”而不能譯成“whenyouareconvenient”?！?某個(gè)房子等)離某處近”，可用“...beconvenientfor/tosth.”如Thehouseisconvenientfor/toseveralschools.5．providevt.供應(yīng)；規(guī)定；打算；供應(yīng)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(1providesb.withsth.,providesth.forsb.))向某人供應(yīng)某物(2)providefor贍養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活provideagainst預(yù)防，防備(3)provided(that)...＝providing(that)...倘如；在……狀況/條件下provideuswithachancetoknowmoreaboutChinesetraditionalculture為我們供應(yīng)一個(gè)更多了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的機(jī)會(huì)providelargequantitiesofclothesandfoodfortheearthquakeareas為地震災(zāi)區(qū)供應(yīng)大量的衣服和食品provideagainstarainingday有備無(wú)患[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thepolicewillrewardwhoeverprovides/has_provided(provide)usefulinformationtocatchtherobber.②Youcanusetheroomproviding/provided(provide)thatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)①我認(rèn)為，兼職工作可以給高校生供應(yīng)一個(gè)珍貴的機(jī)會(huì)去更多地了解外面的世界。Inmyview,part-timejobsprovide_college_students_with_a_valuable_opportunitytoknowmoreabouttheoutsideworld.②畢業(yè)以后，他們可以更好地適應(yīng)社會(huì)。Theycanbetter_adapt_themselves_to_societyaftergraduation.③用目的狀語(yǔ)從句連接①②句。In_my_view,_part-time_jobs_provide_college_students_with_a_valuable_opportunity_to_know_more_about_the_outside_world_so_that_they_can_better_adapt_themselves_to_society_after_graduation.6．requirevt.須要；要求(1)requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事requirethatsb.(should)dosth.要求某人做某事(2)requirementn．要求，須要meet/satisfyone'srequirements滿意某人的要求requireeveryonetofollowtherules要求每個(gè)人都遵守規(guī)則berequiredtofillintheapplicationform要求填張申請(qǐng)表becompetenttomeetyourrequirements有實(shí)力滿意你們的要求[名師點(diǎn)津]require作“須要”時(shí)，其后跟v.-ing的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的含義或不定式的被動(dòng)式，即：requiredoing/tobedone。類似用法的詞還有need,want,deserve等。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2024·北京卷)InmyfirstP．E.class,theteacherrequiredusto_run(run)lapsandthenhitasoftball.②(2024·浙江卷)Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirement(require)wouldencourageintegration.③Alltheproblemsputforwardatthemeetingrequiresolving/to_be_solved(solve)inonemonth.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯校長(zhǎng)要求全部的學(xué)生在學(xué)校穿校服。①Theheadmasterrequired_all_the_students_to_wearschooluniformsatschool.(簡(jiǎn)潔句)②Theheadmasterrequired_that_all_the_students_(should)_wearschooluniformsatschool.(復(fù)合句)IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.許久以來(lái)人們都知道黃石公園是火山噴發(fā)造成的——這就是為什么公園內(nèi)那么多熱泉并且到處冒蒸汽的緣由。[句型公式]Ithadbeenknown...that是Itis/hasbeenknownthat...的時(shí)態(tài)變形結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“人們知道……”，it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。(1)Itbeknownthat相當(dāng)于sb./sth.beknowntodo,表示“眾所周知……”。(2)這類句型也可以用于其他一些動(dòng)詞，如：Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Itissuggestedthat...有人建議……Itisthoughtthat...人們認(rèn)為……Itissaidthat...據(jù)說(shuō)……[金句推送]Itisknownthatcarbondioxideisheatingtheearthtwiceasquicklyaspreviouslyfeared.眾所周知，二氧化碳正以從前人們所擔(dān)憂的兩倍的速度加熱著地球。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Bodylanguageissaidto_account(account)for55percentofafirstimpression.②Theprofessorissaidto_have_succeeded(succeed)incarryingoutthisexperimentsofar.③Thefluisknownto_be_caused(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯大家都知道幾天前她寫了一篇關(guān)于野生動(dòng)物愛(ài)護(hù)的報(bào)告。①It_is_known_thatshewroteareportaboutwildlifeprotectiontheotherday.②Sheis_known_to_have_written_a_reportaboutwildlifeprotectiontheotherday.夯基固本·學(xué)問(wèn)落實(shí)Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Let'sassumeitto_be(be)true.2．Janekeptmoving,butthefarthershewalked,themore_confused(confuse)shebecame.3．Allkindsofgoodsare_transported_(transport)toalotofcountrieseveryday.4．Withmanywildanimalsgradually(gradual)dyingout,thepresentsituationdeservesattention.5．Itisconsiderateofyoutotakemyapplicationintoaccountatyourearlyconvenience(convenient)．Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1．Thereisnodoubtthatitisverymeaningfultoworkwithourownhandsratherthandependonothers.2．Itiswisetoprovideagainstthefuture.3．Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperience.4．—Iwonderwhyhehasbeenactingsostrangelythesedays.—Recentpressureatworkmayaccountforhisbehaviour.5._ItisobviousthatiPadisofgreathelptoourstudy，especiallytoourEnglishlearning.強(qiáng)技提能·學(xué)問(wèn)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·山東濱州二模)Askpeopletonametheworld'stallestpeakandanybodywithsoundgeneralknowledgewillnameMountQomolangma.ButquizthemonitsexactIn1975，Chinesesurveyors2thatMountQomolangmawas8848.13metershigh.As3improved，satellites，photoelectricity(光電學(xué))，radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere4togetmoreexactfigures.Ofcourse，someonestillhadtocarry5towhatistheworld'srooftop.In2005，aChineseteamscaledMountQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat，asthey6theheighttobe8844.43meters.ScalingMountQomolangmaisno7task.Theaverageairtemperaturethereis--29degreesCelsius，evenfourdegrees8thaninAntarctica.Thesnowthereis4—5metersthickandhurricane-like9blowallthetime.Teammembersweretrainingto10theextremeconditions.Inanutshell，measuringtheMountQomolangma'sheightisatallorder，11hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources.Butitisworththe12.MountQomolangmaistheperfect13forobservingcrustal(地殼的)movements.Andchangestothepeak'sheightcould14whetherthetwoplatesareheadingtowardorawayfromeachother.Besides,theconditionofsnowandothernaturalmaterialsatthetopisanindicatorofupcomingclimatechangeontheTibet-QinghaiPlateau.That's15measuringtheMountQomolangma'sheightissosignificant.Puttogooduse，itcanbenefitmankind.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明白測(cè)量珠穆朗瑪峰高度的艱難及其重要性。1．A.location B．a(chǎn)ppearanceC．a(chǎn)rea D．heightD[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的1975年以及2005年對(duì)珠穆朗瑪峰高度的測(cè)量可知，此處指的是其準(zhǔn)確的高度(height)。]2．A.determined B．a(chǎn)ssumedC．estimated D．a(chǎn)dmittedA[考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文提到的應(yīng)用先進(jìn)的科技去進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的測(cè)量可知，此空指的是中國(guó)的測(cè)量員確定(determined)珠穆朗瑪峰的高度是8848.13米。]3．A.condition B．technologyC．society D．economyB[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的“satellites，photoelectricity，radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere...togetmoreexactfigures.”可知，衛(wèi)星、光電、雷達(dá)和重力測(cè)量技術(shù)都是科技(technology)。]4．A.employed B．expectedC．a(chǎn)pproached D．inspiredA[考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的“togetmoreexactfigures”可知，這些高科技被運(yùn)用(employed)到測(cè)量珠穆朗瑪峰精確的高度中。]5．A.weapons B．vehiclesC．instruments D．packagesC[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)常識(shí)可知，測(cè)量是須要設(shè)備儀器的，此處指的是須要攜帶一些設(shè)備(instrument)登山。]6．A.changed B．calculatedC．extended D．expandedB[考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)上文的“In2005，aChineseteamscaledMountQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat”以及下文的“theheighttobe8844.43meters”可知，此處指的是中國(guó)登山隊(duì)在2005年計(jì)算(calculated)的珠穆朗瑪峰的高度是8844.43米。]7．A.glorious B．easyC．a(chǎn)dmirable D．toughB[考查形容詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的“Theaverageairtemperaturethereis--29degreesCelsius，evenfourdegrees________thaninAntarctica.”可知，攀登珠穆朗瑪峰并不是一件簡(jiǎn)潔的(easy)事。]8．A.colder B．hotterC．higher D．lowerD[考查形容詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)“--29degreesCelsius”可知，此處表示珠穆朗瑪峰的溫度比南極洲還要低(lower)4攝氏度。]9．A.snows B．rainsC．winds D．snowflakesC[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的“blow”可知，此處表示風(fēng)(wind)。]10．A.copewith B．fightforC．takeon D．carryoutA[考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。依據(jù)“theextremeconditions”可知，此處表示登山隊(duì)員們訓(xùn)練的目的是應(yīng)對(duì)(copewith)珠穆朗瑪峰的極端條件。]11．A.wasting B．spendingC．overcoming D．involvingD[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)“hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources”可知，測(cè)量珠穆朗瑪峰的高度須要(involve)大量的人力和資金。]12．A.effort B．lossC．harvest D．a(chǎn)chievementA[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)文章最終的“Puttogooduse，itcanbenefitmankind”可知，假如運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，它可以造福人類。由此推想，這項(xiàng)任務(wù)值得花費(fèi)勁氣。]13．A.channel B．windowC．solution D．entranceB[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的“observingcrustalmovements”可知，珠穆朗瑪峰是觀測(cè)地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)的最佳窗口(window)。]14．A.measure B．foreseeC．indicate D．exposeC[考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。珠穆朗瑪峰高度的變更能表明(indicate)兩個(gè)板塊是相向運(yùn)動(dòng)，還是朝著反方向運(yùn)動(dòng)。]15．A.where B．howC．why D．whetherC[考查連接詞。本句在講解并描述測(cè)量珠穆朗瑪峰高度的重要性。所以此處為why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。]Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible1.________(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand2.________work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，3.________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover4.________top.Whenallthosehadbeendone，theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines5.________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen6.________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25,000peoplewereusing7.________everyday.Later，engineers8.________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道)，whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe9.________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost10.________(success)ofthesenewlines，andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages，andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)倫敦地鐵的發(fā)展。1．crowds[考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。crowd是可數(shù)名詞，且前面沒(méi)有限定詞，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。]2．from[考查介詞。traveltoandfromwork上下班。]3．laying[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。included后的dig，lay，build是三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作，依據(jù)digging及building可知，lay也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。]4．the[考查冠詞。此處特指“地鐵的頂部”，故用定冠詞the。]5．wereused[考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。steamengines與use是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。]6．fairly[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。所填詞修飾形容詞unpleasant，故用fair的副詞形式fairly。]7．it[考查代詞。use是及物動(dòng)詞，其后接賓語(yǔ)，此處很明顯缺少代詞。分析句意可知，此處用it指代上文提到的therailway。]8．managed[考查時(shí)態(tài)。全文講解并描述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。]9．introduction[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。空格前是the，其后接名詞。introduce的名詞形式是introduction。]10．successful[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?！皁neofthe＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最……的……之一”，此處應(yīng)填success的形容詞形式successful。]話題寫作Step1.寫作要點(diǎn)(依據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全所給的英文句子)①得知你自從畢業(yè)后始終幻想到中國(guó)游玩，并已確定到中國(guó)來(lái)，我很興奮。I'mdelightedtolearnthatyouhave_dreamt_about_visiting_China_ever_since_graduationandthatyouhave_made_up_your_mind_tocometoChina.②對(duì)你的到來(lái)，我感到特別興奮，并迫不及待地給你以下建議。I'mexcitedaboutyourcoming,soIcan_hardly_wait_to_giveyousomerecommendations.③相比泰山之旅，我更喜愛(ài)長(zhǎng)江之行。IpreferthetouralongtheYangtzeRivertothetriptoMount④通過(guò)長(zhǎng)江之行，你會(huì)更好地了解中國(guó)的歷史及其人民。(一般將來(lái)時(shí))ThroughthetriptotheYangtzeRiver,youwill_have_a_good_knowledge_ofthehistoryofChinaanditspeople.⑤長(zhǎng)江沿岸不僅風(fēng)景特別迷人，而且空氣呼吸起來(lái)很簇新。(be＋adj.＋todo)The_views_along_the_riverarenotonlyveryattractivebutalsotheairis_fresh_to_breathe.⑥那就是為什么我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)江之行是更好的選擇。That'swhyIinsist_thatthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverisabetterchoice.Step2.表達(dá)升級(jí)(變更所給句子的結(jié)構(gòu)以使表達(dá)升級(jí))①利用分詞作狀語(yǔ)升級(jí)句②Excited_about_your_coming,_I_can_hardly_wait_to_giveyousomerecommendations.②利用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型升級(jí)句④It_is_through_the_trip_to_the_Yangtze_River_thatyouwillhaveagoodknowledgeofthehistoryofChinaanditspeople.Step3.連接成文(利用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡連接詞語(yǔ)連句成篇)I'm_delighted_to_learn_that_you_have_dreamt_about_visiting_China_ever_since_graduation_and_that_you_have_made_up_your_mind_to_come_to_China.Excited_about_your_coming，I_can_hardly_wait_to_give_you_some_recommendations.OfthetwotripstotheYangtzeRiverandMountTai,botharehighlyrecommended.Personally,IpreferthetouralongtheYangtzeRivertothetriptoMountTai.ItisthroughthetriptotheYangtzeRiverthatyouwillhaveagoodknowledgeofthehistoryofChinaanditspeople.Inaddition，theviewsalongtheriverarenotonlyveryattractivebutalsotheairisfreshtobreathe.That'swhyIinsistthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverwillbeabetterchoice.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Twomen，bothseriouslyill，occupiedthesamehospitalroom.Onemanw