2020-2024年高考英語(yǔ)試題分類(lèi)匯編：閱讀理解01（人與自然）（解析版）

閱讀理解01（人與自然）-梳理五年（2020-2024年）高考《英語(yǔ)》真題分類(lèi)詳解與考法歸納

（解析版）

閱讀理解話(huà)題日常生活類(lèi)是高考英語(yǔ)?？家彩潜乜碱}，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在高考題閱讀理解A篇、B、和C篇和

D篇中，本篇文章將具體梳理近五年新高考以“人與自然為”主題的文章。

?快速瀏覽文章

?關(guān)注“生態(tài)保護(hù)”、“環(huán)境污染”、“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”、“生物多樣性”等關(guān)鍵詞

?理解文章主旨，把握文章的核心思想和作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)

?細(xì)讀問(wèn)題和選項(xiàng)，注意問(wèn)題中的限定詞和細(xì)節(jié)，理解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義

?定位信息，根據(jù)問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞，在文章中找到與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的信息。

?排除干擾選項(xiàng)，排除明顯錯(cuò)誤或與文章內(nèi)容不符的選項(xiàng)，集中比較剩余選項(xiàng)的細(xì)微差別

?理解作者態(tài)度，注意文章中的形容詞、副詞和語(yǔ)氣詞，理解作者對(duì)自然環(huán)境和相關(guān)問(wèn)題的態(tài)度

?注意因果關(guān)系，關(guān)注文章中的因果關(guān)系詞，如“because"、“therefore"、“asaresult”等，理解事件

的前因后果

?總結(jié)歸納，在閱讀完文章和回答問(wèn)題后，嘗試總結(jié)文章的主要內(nèi)容和觀(guān)點(diǎn)，以鞏固理解

Passage1（2024?新課標(biāo)I卷D篇）

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，數(shù)字生物多樣性記錄存在

偏見(jiàn)，建議應(yīng)用程序引導(dǎo)公民科學(xué)家獲取更好的數(shù)據(jù)。

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshave

collectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andother

digitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anew

Stanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofa

mobileapplication,saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyinthe

StanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences."Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomes

fromphysicalspecimens（標(biāo)本），andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspecies

arerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?95

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Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtested

howwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）data,like

thegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,“

saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.

Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethe

peoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheir

encounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveor

eye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

“Quitealot,“Daruexplained."'Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampled

areasandleadthemtoplaces-andevenspecies-thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityof

observationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheir

uploadedimage.^^

32.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

33.WhatdoesDam'sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

34.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

35.WhatisDam'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

【答案】32.B33.C34.C35.D

【解析】

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【32題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段“Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,and

otherdigitalrecords.（今天，大多數(shù)生物多樣性的記錄通常以照片、視頻和其他數(shù)字記錄的形式出現(xiàn)。廠(chǎng)可知,

現(xiàn)在收集的物種記錄大多是以電子形式存在的。故選B。

[33題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段uTheseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysical

specimens（標(biāo)本）,andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesareresponding

toglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?（這些觀(guān)察結(jié)果現(xiàn)在超過(guò)了來(lái)自物理標(biāo)本的原始數(shù)據(jù)，而且

由于我們?cè)絹?lái)越多地使用觀(guān)察數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)研究物種如何應(yīng)對(duì)全球變化,我想知道:它們有用嗎?）“和第四段.“We

wereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）data/ikethegreater

likelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnextto

it；'saidDaru.（Daru說(shuō)“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面，比如公民科學(xué)家更有可能拍攝

開(kāi)花植物的照片,而不是它旁邊的草?！薄翱芍?Daru的研究聚焦于觀(guān)察數(shù)據(jù)，即人們通過(guò)移動(dòng)應(yīng)用記錄的物種

觀(guān)察數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。

【34題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段.Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendto

bias（使有偏差）data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadof

thegrassrightnexttoit,"saidDaru.（Daru說(shuō)“我們特別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面,比如公

民科學(xué)家更有可能拍攝開(kāi)花植物的照片，而不是它旁邊的草。以及第五段“Thismakessensebecausethe

peoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheir

encounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.（這是有道理的，因?yàn)樵谝苿?dòng)設(shè)備上獲得觀(guān)察生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)的人通常

是公民科學(xué)家，他們記錄了他們?cè)诟浇貐^(qū)與物種的接觸。廣可知,導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的原因是采樣方式的不當(dāng)。

故選Co

【35題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampled

areasandleadthemtoplaces一andevenspecies一thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityof

observationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheir

uploadedimage.（生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以使用我們的研究結(jié)果來(lái)告知用戶(hù)樣本過(guò)多的地嫗，并將他們引導(dǎo)到

樣本不足的地方,甚至是物種。為了提高觀(guān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量，生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序還可以鼓勵(lì)用戶(hù)讓專(zhuān)家確認(rèn)他

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們上傳的圖像的身份。）”可知,Daru建議生物多樣性應(yīng)用應(yīng)該給公民科學(xué)家提供指導(dǎo)。故選D。

Passage2（2024?新課標(biāo)II卷C篇）

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括減少食物運(yùn)

輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksof

travelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoiceto

reducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm（BMF）shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudience

suchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweekly

supplyoffreshgreens.

Specifically,it'safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotely

monitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemis

automated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,

thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanew

pre-seededpod（容器）togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'seatenmeanszeroemissions（排放）from

transportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there?snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollute

traditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Inside

theoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.

“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,saidaBMFemployee.

8.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?

A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood.B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.

C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance.D.Itreliesonfarmer,smarkets.

9.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?

A.Real-timeweatherchanges.B.Currentconditionoftheplants.

C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil.D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.

10.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?

A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.

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B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.

C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.

D.Theyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.

11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF'smajorstrengths.B.BMF'sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF'sglobalinfluence.D.BMF'stechnicalstandards.

【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A

【解析】

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,Babylon

Micro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)(BMF)甚至縮

短了旅程)”可知，巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)(BMF)進(jìn)一步縮短了從農(nóng)場(chǎng)到餐桌的距離。故選C。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.(止匕夕卜，還有

一個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序，可以實(shí)時(shí)提供增長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù))”可知，這個(gè)便捷的應(yīng)用程序提供了植物生長(zhǎng)的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。故選

Bo

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthem

walkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansand

avoidingsingle-useplastic."Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinour

environment,"saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車(chē)

上班。在辦公室里，他們通過(guò)限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來(lái)鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：

“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品。可知,BMF員工具有強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,Babylon

Micro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)(BMF)甚至縮

短了旅程)“、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientapp

thatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountof

waterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeach

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plant.（通過(guò)云連接，對(duì)BMF進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個(gè)方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時(shí)提供不斷增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)。由

于該系統(tǒng)是自動(dòng)化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物

提供合適的水量”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthem

walkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansand

avoidingsingle-useplastic."Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinour

environment,"saidaBMFemployee.（BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車(chē)

上班。在辦公室里，他們通過(guò)限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來(lái)鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：

我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！薄翱芍?，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì),

包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保

生活方式等。故選A。

Passage3（2023?新課標(biāo)I卷B篇）

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了」ohnTodd從小就很愛(ài)思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)器，利

用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來(lái)凈化污水。

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesses

peopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastetheway

naturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,he

constructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsand

streamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,these

differentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthe

sludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbeganto

eatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreated

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sewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterin

Fuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina

"Ecologicaldesign^^isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.64LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfor

theinventor,9,hesays.t4Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhafshappening.Thenyouletthese

newsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.^^

24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

26.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

27.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.A

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,

observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplants

andalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeused

tocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當(dāng)約翰?托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,他喜歡探索房子周?chē)臉?shù)林，觀(guān)察

大自然是如何解決問(wèn)題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會(huì)變得清澈。長(zhǎng)大

后，約翰開(kāi)始思考這個(gè)過(guò)程是否可以用來(lái)清理人們制造的混亂）”以及第二段"Afterstudying

agriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycan

certainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals（在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)

業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀(guān)察自然和提出問(wèn)題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌?哪些魚(yú)

類(lèi)會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)）”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。

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【25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（幾個(gè)星期后，約翰把污泥加了進(jìn)去）”

以及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfood

andbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.（他對(duì)結(jié)果感至U驚訝。

生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開(kāi)始吃了起來(lái)!幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了,只剩下純凈水”可知，約翰把

污泥放進(jìn)罐子里是為了測(cè)試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopeda

greenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）froml,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedan

eco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（這些年來(lái)，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開(kāi)

發(fā)了一個(gè)類(lèi)似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來(lái)自南伯靈頓1600戶(hù)家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來(lái)清潔中國(guó)

東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水）可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選Bo

[27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段"Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhafshappening.Thenyou

letthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.（你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀(guān)察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然

后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式戶(hù)可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。

Passage4（2023?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)D卷D篇）

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。城市化讓人們?cè)絹?lái)越難以接觸到自然，但一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)城市中的野生

自然對(duì)人類(lèi)健康和幸福感具有重要影響。研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)一座大型城市公園的游客進(jìn)行調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)與野生自然

的互動(dòng)可以創(chuàng)造出一種可用的語(yǔ)言，幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)和參與最令人滿(mǎn)意和有意義的活動(dòng)。該研究呼吁保護(hù)城

市中的野生自然。

Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.If

you'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butifsunusualtofindplacesinacitythatare

relativelywild.

Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthat

wildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.

Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemto

submitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthen

第8頁(yè)共17頁(yè)

examinedthesesubmissions,coding（編碼）experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipanfs

experienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile“wasassignedthecategories“sittingat

beach^^and""listeningtowaves.^^

Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla"naturelanguage"begantoemerge.

Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.These

includeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.

Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartinthe

activitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedge

ofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringa

workday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.

“We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.

Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,“saidPeterKahn,asenior

authorofthestudy.

32.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?

A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.

C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.

33.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?

A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.

C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors'summaries.

34.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?

A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.

B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.

C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.

D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.

35.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?

A.Languagestudy.B.Environmentalconservation.

C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.

【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.B

【32題詳解】

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細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareas

isbecominghardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofind

placesinacitythatarerelativelywild.（隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展住活在城市地區(qū)的人們?cè)絹?lái)越難以接近大自然。如

果你幸運(yùn)的話(huà)，你住的地方附近可能會(huì)有一個(gè)袖珍公園，但在城市里找到相對(duì)天然的地方是罕見(jiàn)的”可知，文章

開(kāi)頭作者講述了一種現(xiàn)象，在城市里,人們很難找到野生的自然。故選B。

【33題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的"Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawritten

summaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthese

submissions,coding（編碼）experiencesintodifferentcategories』他們調(diào)查了數(shù)百名公園游客，要求他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上提

交一份書(shū)面總結(jié),描述他們?cè)诠珗@里與大自然有意義的互動(dòng)。然后，研究人員檢查了這些提交的信息，將體驗(yàn)分

為不同的類(lèi)別）”可知，研究人員按照公園游客提交的在公園里與大自然互動(dòng)的活動(dòng)把游客分類(lèi),再根據(jù)第四段

“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla"naturelanguage"begantoemerge.After

thecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.（在這320份提

交的作品中,一種被研究人員稱(chēng)為“自然語(yǔ)言”的分類(lèi)模式開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)。在對(duì)所有提交的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行編碼后,有六個(gè)

類(lèi)別被認(rèn)為對(duì)游客最重要）可知,研究人員對(duì)參與者提交的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了分類(lèi)，以便在游客的總結(jié)中找到模式，并

確定對(duì)游客最重要的自然體驗(yàn)。通過(guò)這樣做，他們能夠創(chuàng)造一種“自然語(yǔ)言”,幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)并參與對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)

最滿(mǎn)意和最有意義的活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D準(zhǔn)確地反映了這一目的。故選D。

【34題詳解】

推理判斷題o根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeople

recognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,the

experienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthe

park.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalonga

fountainontheirlunchbreak.（命名每一種自然體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造了一種可用的語(yǔ)言，這有助于人們認(rèn)識(shí)并參與到對(duì)他

們來(lái)說(shuō)最滿(mǎn)意和最有意義的活動(dòng)中。例如，沿著水邊散步的經(jīng)歷可能會(huì)讓一個(gè)年輕的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士在周末去公園

徒步旅行時(shí)感到滿(mǎn)意。在工作日回到市中心，他們可以在午休時(shí)沿著噴泉散步，享受一種更居家的互動(dòng)方式”

可知,本段講述了自然體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造一種可用的語(yǔ)言，有助于人們識(shí)別并參與對(duì)自己來(lái)說(shuō)最滿(mǎn)意最有意義的活動(dòng),

接下來(lái)以一個(gè)年輕的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士參與自然的方式舉例說(shuō)明，去公園時(shí)沿著水邊散步讓他感到滿(mǎn)意，回到市中心

工作時(shí)他可以通過(guò)沿著噴泉散步獲得滿(mǎn)足。因此推知，從第五段的例子中我們可以知道一樣的自然體驗(yàn)可以

呈現(xiàn)不同的形式。故選C。

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【35題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-nature

interactionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteract

withit,"saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.（“我們正試圖創(chuàng)造一種語(yǔ)言，幫助將類(lèi)與自然的互動(dòng)帶回我

們的日常生活中。要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們還需要保護(hù)自然，這樣我們才能與它互動(dòng)，”該研究的資深作者彼得?卡恩

說(shuō)。）”可推斷彳皮得?卡恩認(rèn)為在我們與大自然互動(dòng)之前我們應(yīng)該先要保護(hù)自然。故選B。

Passage5（2021?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I卷C篇）

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了由于棲息地減少，美國(guó)水禽驟減，因此聯(lián)邦發(fā)行鴨票，狩獵

者只有購(gòu)買(mǎi)鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進(jìn)入用于購(gòu)買(mǎi)水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護(hù)水禽。

WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithan

astonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.

Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartof

theseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverly

ambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,

greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.

In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct（Act）,anincreasinglyconcernednation

tookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory（遷徙的）waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.

UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuck

Stamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N."Ding"Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDes

Moines,Iowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauof

BiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.

About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundto

purchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem-afactthatensures

thislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollars

hasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStamp

Programhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.

1.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?

A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.

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2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate“meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Acquire.B.Export.

C.Destroy.D.Distribute.

3.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?

A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.

C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.

4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem

C.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting

【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.A

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Millionsofwaterfowlwerekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulof

overlyambitious19-2023）sportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasing

populations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.（數(shù)百萬(wàn)只水禽被市場(chǎng)獵人和一些野心勃勃的運(yùn)動(dòng)員殺死。數(shù)百

萬(wàn)英畝的濕地被抽干，以養(yǎng)活和安置不斷增加的人口,大大減少了水禽的棲息地）”可知，數(shù)百萬(wàn)英畝的濕地被

抽干用作農(nóng)地或者修建住房，導(dǎo)致水禽的棲息地減少，水禽數(shù)量下降。故選Ao

【2題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.

Unfortunately,ittook專(zhuān)題07名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句-五theexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafew

decadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.（美洲原住民明智地保護(hù)了這些年寶貴的自然資源。不幸的是,

僅僅幾十年的探險(xiǎn)家和定居者就decimate這些資源的大部分）”可知，前后句形成轉(zhuǎn)折，前一句陳述美洲原住民

保護(hù)這些寶貴的自然資源，所以后句表示探險(xiǎn)家和定居者破壞了這些自然資源，推測(cè)劃線(xiàn)單詞表示“破壞”，與

destroy同義。故選C。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段“Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchase

morethan5millionacresofhabitat（自1934年以來(lái)，已有超過(guò)5億美元投入該基金，用于購(gòu)買(mǎi)500多萬(wàn)英畝的棲

息地”可知，自1934年通過(guò)法案,政府獲得超過(guò)5億美元，已經(jīng)籌集了很多資金,以購(gòu)買(mǎi)水禽棲息地。故選D。

【4題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段"UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannually

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purchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.（根據(jù)該法案，所有16歲及以上的水禽獵人必須每年購(gòu)買(mǎi)并攜帶聯(lián)邦

鴨章）”以及第三段“LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessful

conservationprogramseverinitiated.（難怪聯(lián)邦鴨票計(jì)劃被稱(chēng)為有史以來(lái)最成功的保護(hù)計(jì)劃之一可知,本文主

要講述了聯(lián)邦鴨票的故事，所以“聯(lián)邦鴨票的故事”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選Ao

Pa