高三英語閱讀理解二

話題一:社會文化類

（一）

（2011.課標全國）

Whenmilkarrivedonthedoorstep

WhenIwasaboygrowingupinNewJerseyinthe1960s,wehadamilkman

deliveringmilktoourdoorstep.HisnamewasMr.Basille.Heworeawhitecapand

droveawhitetruck.Asa5-year-oldboy,Icouldn'ttakemyeyesoffthecoinchanger

fixedtohisbelt.Henoticedthisonedayduringadeliveryandgavemeaquarterout

ofhiscoinchanger.

Ofcourse,hedeliveredmorethanmilk.Therewascheese,eggsandsoon.Ifwe

neededtochangeourorder,mymotherwouldpenanote—“Pleaseaddabottleof

buttermilknextdelivery^^—andplaceitintheboxalongwiththeemptybottles.And

then,thebuttermilkwouldmagicallyappear.

Allofthiswasaboutmorethanconvenience.Thereexistedacloserelationship

betweenfamiliesandtheirmilkmen.Mr.Basilleevenhadakeytoourhouse,for

thosetimeswhenitwassocoldoutsidethatweputtheboxindoors,sothatthemilk

wouldn'tfreeze.AndIrememberMr.Basillefromtimetotimetakingabreakatour

kitchentable,havingacupofteaandtellingstoriesabouthisdelivery.

Thereissadlynohomemilkdeliverytoday.Bigcompaniesallowedthe

productionofcheapermilk,thusmakingitdifficultformilkmentocompete.Besides,

milkisforsaleeverywhere,anditmayjustnothavebeenpracticaltohaveadelivery

service.

Recently,anoldmilkboxinthecountrysideIsawbroughtbackmychildhood

memories.Itookithomeandplanteditonthebackporch（I】廊）.Everysooftenmy

son'sfriendswillaskwhatitis.SoIstarttellingstoriesofmyboyhood,andofthe

milkmanwhobroughtusfriendshipalongwithhismilk.

1.Mr.Basillegavetheboyaquarteroutofhiscoinchanger

A.toshowhismagicalpower

B,topayforthedelivery

C.tosatisfyhiscuriosity

D.topleasehismother

2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefactthatthemilkmanhadthekeytotheboy's

house?

A.Hewantedtohaveteathere.

B.Hewastreatedasafamilymember.

C.Hewasarespectableperson.

D.Hewasfullytrustedbythefamily.

3.Whydoeshomemilkdeliverynolongerexist?

A.Nobodywantstobeamilkmannow.

B?Ithasbeendrivenoutofthemarket.

C.Itsserviceisgettingpoor.

D.Itisforbiddenbylaw.

4.Whydidtheauthorbringbackhomeanoldmilkbox?

A.Hemissedthegoodolddays.

B.Hewantedtotellinterestingstories.

C.Heneededitforhismilkbottles.

D.Heplantedflowersinit.

答案與解析

l.c推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后可以看出，當時作者只是一個5歲的孩

子，對送奶人腰帶上的投幣器很好奇，善良的送奶人把-枚硬幣送給作者，是為

了滿足其好奇心，所以應選C項。

2.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，家里人與送奶人之間關系很密

切，送奶人甚至有家里的鑰匙，由此推斷送奶人得到了充分的信任，故選D項。

3.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，激烈的競爭和購買的便利使得送奶上

門退出了市場，無法存在下去，故選B項。

4.A推理判斷題。由最后一段可以看出，作者有一種懷舊的心理，想念兒

時的時光，感覺送奶人送來牛奶的同時，也帶來了友誼，故選A項。

(-)

(2011.課標全國)

Whilesmallmaybebeautiful,tallisjustplainuncomfortableitseems,

particularlywhenitcomestostayinginhotelsandeatinginrestaurants.

TheTallPersonsClubGreatBritain(TPCGB),whichwasformedsixmonths

agotocampaignfortheneedsofthetall,hasturneditsattentiontohotelsand

restaurants.Bedsthataretoosmall,showerheadsthataretoolow,andrestaurant

tableswithhardlyanyleg-roomallmakelifedifficultforthoseofaboveaverage

height,itsays.

Butitisnotjusttheextra-tallwhoseneedsarenotbeingmet.Theaverageheight

ofthepopulationhasbeenincreasingyetthestandardsizeofbeds,doorways,and

chairshasremainedunchanged.

“Thebeddingindustrysaysabedshouldbesixincheslargerthantheperson

usingit,soevenaking-sizebedat6'6"(6feetand6inches)isfallingshortfor

25%ofmen,whilethestandard6'3"bedcatersforlessthanhalfofthemale

population,“saidTPCGBpresidentPhilHeinricy,aSeven-footbedswouldwork

fine.”

Similarly,restauranttablescancausenoendofproblems.Smalltables,which

meanthelong-leggedhavetositafootorsoawayfromthem,areenoughtomaketall

customersgoelsewhere.

Somehavealreadytakennote,however.AtQueensMoatHouses1Caledonian

HotelinEdinburgh,6'6"bedsarenowputinasstandardafterrequestsforlonger

bedsfromtallervisitors,particularlyAmericans.

1.WhatisthepurposeoftheTPCGBcampaign?

A.Toprovidebetterservices.

B?Torebuildhotelsandrestaurants.

C.Todrawpublicattentiontotheneedsofthetall.

D.Toattractmorepeopletobecomeitsmembers.

2.WhichofthefollowingmightbeabedofproperlengthaccordingtoPhil

Heinricy?

A.7’2"

B.7,

C.6’6"

D.6'3"

3.Whatmayhappentorestaurantswithsmalltables?

A.Theymaylosesomecustomers.

B.Theymaystartbusinesseselsewhere.

C.Theyhavetofindeasychairstomatchthetables.

D.Theyhavetoprovideenoughspaceforthelong-legged.

4.WhatchangehasalreadybeenmadeinahotelinEdinburgh?

A.Tallpeoplepaymoreforlargerbeds.

B.6'6"bedshavetakentheplaceof6"3"beds.

C.SpecialroomsarekeptforAmericans.

D.Guestroomsarestandardized.

答案與解析

l.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話可知，這次活動的目的是引起公眾

對高個子的人的需要的關注。

2.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的“Seven-footbedswouldwork

fine.”可知，床鋪的合適長度是7英尺。

3.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知，餐桌太小會使高個子的人們到別的地

方去（吃飯），也就是說，餐桌太小的飯店會失去一些客人。

4.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，愛丁堡的一家賓館已經(jīng)使用6英尺

6英寸的床鋪作為標準床鋪，故選B項。

（三）

（2011?課標全國）

CassandraFeeleyfindsithardtomanageonherhusband'sincome.Sothisyear

shedidsomethingmorethanahobby:Sheplantedvegetablesinheryard.Forherfirst

garden,Ms.Feeleyhasputin15tomatoplants,andfiverowsofavarietyof

vegetables.Thefamily'soldfarmhousehasbecomeachickenhouse,itsresidents

arrivingnextmonth.Lastyear,Ms.RitaGartinkeptasmallgarden.Thisyearshehas

madeitmuchlargerbecause,shesaid,“ThecostofeverythingisgoingupandIwas

lookingtoloseafewpounds,too;soit'sawin-winsituationallaround.n

TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericanswho,drivenbyhigherliving

costsandafallingeconomy（經(jīng)濟），havetakenupvegetablegardeningforthefirst

time.Othershaveincreasedthesizeoftheirexistinggardens.Seedcompaniesand

gardenshopssaythatnotsincethe1970shastherebeensuchanincreaseininterestin

growingfoodathome.Nowmanygardensacrossthecountryhavebeensoldoutfor

severalmonths.InAustin,Tex.,someofthegardenshaveathree-yearwaitinglist.

GeorgeC.BallJr.,ownerofacompany,saidsalesofvegetableseedsandplants

areupby40%overlastyear,doubletheaveragegrowthofthelastfiveyears.Mr.

Ballarguesthatsomeofthereasonshavebeenbuildingforthelastfewyears.Thebig

oneisthestrikingriseinthecostoffoodlikebreadandmilk,togetherwiththe

increasesinthepriceoffruitsandvegetables.Foodpriceshaveincreasedbecauseof

higheroilprices.Peoplearenowdrivingless,takingfewervacations,sothereismore

timetogarden.

1.Whatdoestheword“residents“inParagraph1probablyreferto?

A.chickens

B?tomatoes

C?gardens

D.people

2.Whyisvegetablegardeningbecomingincreasinglypopular?

A.MoreAmericansaredoingitforfun.

B.Thepriceofoilislowerthanbefore.

C.Therersagrowingneedforfruits.

D.Thecostoflivingisontherise.

3.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FamilyFoodPlanning

B.BankingonGardening

C?ABelt-tighteningMove

D.GardeningasaHobby

答案與解析

l.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前半句可知，這家的農(nóng)舍變成了雞舍，所以下個月

要住進來的應該是“雞”。

2.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第?段最后一句中的“Thecostofeverythingisgoing

up”和第二段第一句中的“higherlivingcostsandafallingeconomy”以及最后一段

第三句中的“thestrikingriseinthecostoffoodlikebreadandmilk,togetherwith

theincreasesinthepriceoffruitsandvegetablesn可以看出，種植蔬菜流行的原因

是生活費用的提高。

3.B主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，很多人種植蔬菜不僅是出于愛好，更重

要的是為了節(jié)省生活費用，所以應選B項，bank作為動詞是“存款”的意思。

（四）

（2011?全國卷H）

Since1984,Philadelphiahasbeencleaningupitsact.Onebyone,

graffiti-coveredwallsarebeingchangedintooutdoorart.Sofar,morethan1,800

murals（壁畫）havebeenpainted.Philadelphianowhasmoremuralsthananyother

Americancity.

Thewallsthatwereonceuglywithgraffiti（涂鴉）arenowcoveredwith

beautifulpicturesofhistoricalheroesandmodernart,thankstotheMuralArts

Program（MAP）.Itsworkmakesschoolsandpublicplacesattractive,anditscitizens

veryproud.TheprogrambeganaspartofPhiladelphia'sAnti-GraffitiNetwork.Jane

GoldenistheMAP*sartisticdirector."Whenpeopleaskmewhatourprogramis

about,“shesays,“Ianswerthemwithoneword:hope”.Eachyear,theMAPoffers

youthartprogramsandworkshops.Someone-timegraffitiwritersevenhelppaint

MAPmurals.

TheMAP'swork,saysGolden,isallaboutdevelopingasenseofcommunity（社

區(qū)）.Whenaneighborhoodrequestsamural,theMAPworkswiththepeoplethereto

developamessage.Somemessageshavebeen“SafeStreets","LoveandCare”,

and“PeaceWalk".

TheMAPreceivesupto50requestsformuralseachweek.Lastyear,the

workerspainted140murals.

“Themakingofamuralenterspeople'scollectivememoryasanextraordinary,

pleasantmomentinneighborhoodhistory."saysGolden,whobeganasamuralistin

LosAngeles.

1.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Love,fromGraffitiWriterstoMuralists

B.MAP,aNewCompanyinPhiladelphia

C.Jane,anExcellentMuralArtist

D.Hope,OneWallataTime

2.WhatistheMuralArtsPrograminPhiladelphiaaimedat?

A.Helpingtheyoungfindjobs.

B.Protectingtheneighborhood.

C.Fightingagainstgraffiti.

D.Attractingmorevisitors.

3.HowdoestheMAPdecideonthemessageforamural?

A.Byhavingdiscussionswithpeopleinthecommunity.

B.Byseekingadvicefromthecitygovernment.

C.Bylearningfromtheyounggraffitiwriters.

D.Bystudyingthehistoryofthecity.

4.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheworkoftheMAP?

A.Difficult.

B.Dangerous.

C.Experimental.

D.Successful.

答案與解析

l.D主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段JaneGolden的話可知，當人們問及該項目是

關于什么的時候，她用一個詞來概括，即Hope,故D項為最佳標題。

2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一、二段，昔日曾經(jīng)被涂鴉的墻壁正被美麗的壁

畫所覆蓋，以使社區(qū)更具魅力，因此對抗涂鴉應是該項目的目的。

3.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，當社區(qū)的居民請求畫一張壁畫

時，該項目的工作人員就和當?shù)氐娜藗円黄鸸ぷ鱽頂M定出一個主題，故選A項。

4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段及倒數(shù)第二段可知，該項目很成功，故選D

項。

話題二:科普小品類

（一）

（2011?全國卷H）

Forthosewhostudythedevelopmentofintelligence（智力）intheanimalworld,

self-awarenessisanimportantmeasurement.Ananimalthatisaware（意識）ofitselfhasahigh

levelofintelligence.

Awarenesscanbetestedbystudyingwhethertheanimalrecognizesitselfinthemirror,that

is,itsownreflectedimage（反射出的影像）.Manyanimalsfailthisexercisebitterly,payingvery

littleattentiontothereflectedimage.Onlyhumans,andsomeintelligentanimalslikeapesand

dolphins,havebeenshowntorecognizethattheimageinthemirrorisofthemselves.

Nowanotheranimalhasjoinedtheclub.IntheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyof

Sciences,researchersreportthatanAsianelephanthaspassedthemirrorself-reflectiontest.

“Wethoughtthatelephantswerethenextimportantanimal.,,saidDianaReissofthe

WildlifeConservationSociety,anauthorofthestudywithJoshuaM.PlotnikandFansB.M.de

WaalofEmoryUniversity.Withtheirlargebrains,Reisssaid,elephants"seemedlikecousinsto

apesanddolphins”.

TheresearcherstestedHappy,MaxineandPatty,threeelephantsattheBronxZoo.Theyput

an8-foot-squaremirroronawalloftheanimals1playarea（outofthesightofzoovisitors）and

recordedwhathappenedwithcameras,includingonebuiltinthemirror.

Theelephantsusedtheirlongnosestofindwhatwasbehindit,andtoexaminepartsoftheir

bodies.

Ofthethree,Happythenpassedthetest,inwhichaclearmarkwaspaintedononesideofher

face.Shecouldtellthemarkwastherebylookinginthemirror,andsheusedthemirrortotouch

themarkwithherlongnose.

DianaReisssaid,“Weknewelephantswereintelligent,butnowwecantalkabouttheir

intelligenceinabetterway.”

1.Whatcanmirrorteststellusaboutanimals?

A.Whethertheyhavelargebrains.

B,Whethertheyhaveself-awareness.

C.Whethertheyenjoyoutdoorexercises.

D.Whethertheyenjoyplayingwithmirrors.

2.Whydoestheauthormentionapesanddolphinsinthetext?

A.Theyaremostfamiliartoreaders.

B.Theyarebigfavoriteswithzoovisitors.

C.TheyareincludedinthestudybyReiss.

D.Theyarealreadyknowntobeintelligent.

3.WhatmadeHappydifferentfromMaxineandPatty?

A.Sheusedhernosetosearchbehindthemirror.

B.Sherecognizedherownimageinthemirror.

C.Shepaintedamarkonherownface.

D.Shefoundthehiddencamera.

答案與解析

l.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，通過研究動物是否在鏡子中識別自己可以

測試它們的自我意識。

2.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，作者提到猿和海豚是因為它們和人一樣

可以識別鏡中自己的形象，是人們已知的有智力的動物；再根據(jù)第三段，一個亞洲象也通過

了該測試，也加入到有智力的行列里，故選D項。

3.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段，三個大象中只有Happy通過了鏡子測試，也就是

說只有她能識別鏡中自己的形象，因此這是她有別于其他大象的地方，故選B項。

（-）

（2011?江蘇高考）

AccordingtotheUSgovernment,windfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900

gigawattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunately,thewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhe

tallestwindmills（seepicture）totouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorway,

however,couldhelpputthemanywhere.

TechtoWatch:DeepwaterWindmills

Theproject,calledHywind,istheworld'sfirstlarge-scaledeepwaterwindturbine（渦輪發(fā)電

機）.Althoughitusesafairlystandard152-ton,2.3-megawattturbine,Hywindrepresents

totallynewtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingspar

（seepicture）,atechnologyHywind'screator,theNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydro,has

developedrecently.Thesteelspar,whichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowthesea

surface,willbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecables（纜索）;thesewillkeepthesparstableand

preventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind'sstability（穩(wěn)定性）inthe

coldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwind

power.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthe

coastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.

Toproduceelectricityonalargescale,acommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebigger

turbinesthanHywinddoes,butit'sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighon

afloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavier,thewholespar'scentreof

gravitymustbemovedmuchclosertotheocean'ssurface.Todothat,thecompanyplanstodesign

anewkindofwindturbine,onewhosegearbox（變速箱）sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindthe

blades（seepicture）.

Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwind-farmtechnologycouldbe

extremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereall

existingoff-shorewindmillsareplanted.Deep-seafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelps

overcomethewindmill-as-eyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvast

areasoftheplanet'ssurfacetooneofthebestlow-carbonpowersourcesavailable.

1.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof.

A.thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloor

B.thesparwhichisfloatingindeep-seawater

C.thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawind

D.thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface

2.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonafloatingspar,anewtypeofturbineistobedesigned

withitsgearboxsitting

A.ontheseafloor

B.onthespartop

C.atsealevel

D.behindtheblades

3.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan

A.solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmills

B.makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbines

C.settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblems

D.explorelow-carbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea

答案與解析

l.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第2句可知，該工程采用了全新的技術，是為了確

保漂浮在深海水域中的圓材的保持穩(wěn)定。

2.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，為了使較大的渦輪發(fā)電機能在圓材上保

持平衡，公司計劃設計新的發(fā)電機，其變速箱在海平面上。

3.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，深海風能技術的廣泛應用會在海洋上

開發(fā)出可使用的最好的低碳能源之一。

（三）

（2011.山東高考）

Sincethe1970s,scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.

Brain-computerinterface（BCI）technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandsto

machines.

Recently,tworesearchers,JoseMillanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnic

SchoolinLausanne,Switzerland,demonstrated（展示）asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbya

person'sthoughts.

Inthelaboratory,Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftor

righthand.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.

“Ourbrainhasbillionsofnervecells.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord（脊髓）to

themusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanprevent

theseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles."Tavellasays."Oursystemallows

disabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.”

Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfrom

thescalp（頭皮）andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommands

themotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.

Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.

Prof.Millan,theteamleader,saysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethatinterprets

brainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands."ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBC

technologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories:communication,and

controllingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.”

Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatients,soastoprovethatthisis

atechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.Andtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnology

overlongperiodsoftime.

1.BCIisatechnologythatcan.

A.helptoupdatecomputersystems

B.linkthehumanbrainwithcomputers

C.helpthedisabledtorecover

D.controlaperson'sthoughts

2.HowdidTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory?

A.Bycontrollinghismuscles.

B.Bytalkingtothemachine.

C.Bymovinghishand.

D.Byusinghismind.

3.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?

A.scalp-*computer-*cap-*wheelchair

B.computer->cap->scalp-*wheelchair

C.scalp-*cap-*computer-*wheelchair

D.cap—computeLscalpfwheelchair

4.Theteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto.

A.makeprofitsfromthem

B.provethetechnologyusefultothem

C.makethemlivelonger

D.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Switzerland,theBCIResearchCenter

B.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorks

C.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabled

D.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries

答案與解析

l.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，自20世紀70年代以來，科學家一直尋找途徑能

將人腦與電腦相連。BCI技術能幫助殘疾人向機器發(fā)送指令。故此處B項正確。而C項只

是部分正確，雖然能幫助殘疾人，但卻不能幫他們康復。

2.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知Tavella只是思考動他的左右手就能操作這個輪椅。

甚至當他觀察這臺機器時就能進行交流，也能用他的思想指導機器人工作。因此機器人是在

人腦的思想支配下進行工作的。故D項正確。

3.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段可知，首先研究人員為用戶設計一種特殊的帽子，它會

捕捉頭皮發(fā)出的信號并將其傳給電腦。電腦將這些信號進行分析翻譯，給監(jiān)控下的機器人輪

椅發(fā)出指令。機器人輪椅裝有兩部攝像頭能識別信號路徑中的物體，從而幫助電腦對人腦的

指令作出反應。故此處C項正確。

4.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句"Oneistestingwithrealpatients,soastoprove

thatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom”可知，在患者身上進行實驗是他們團隊工作的■

個目標，旨在證明這項技術對他們有益。故正確答案選B項。

5.C主旨大意題。本文為科技說明文，開篇點題。介紹科學家研究的這項新技術BCI,

對殘疾人大有裨益。故正確答案為C項。

（四）

（2011?安徽高考）

Thinkaboutthedifferentwaysthatpeopleusethewind.Youcanuseittoflyakiteortosaila

boat.Windisoneofourcleanestandrichestpowersources（來源），aswellasoneofthe

oldest.Evidenceshowsthatwindmills（風車）begantobeusedinancientIranbackintheseventh

centuryBC.TheywerefirstintroducedtoEuropeduringthe1100s,whenarmiesreturnedfromthe

MiddleEastwithknowledgeofusingwindpower.

Formanycenturies,peopleusedwindmillstogrind（磨碎）wheatintoflourorpumpwater

fromdeepunderground.Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,peoplelivinginremote

areasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsand

radio.However,bythe1940swhenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasofthe

UnitedStates,windmillswererarelyused.

Duringthe1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreated

whencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoal

andgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercosts.Today,

thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.

1.Fromthetextweknowthatwindmills.

A.wereinventedbyEuropeanarmies

B.haveahistoryofmorethan2,800years

C.usedtosupplypowertoradioinremoteareas

D.haverarelybeenusedsinceelectricitywasdiscovered

2.Whatwasanewusetorwindpowerinthelate19thcentury?

A.Sailingaboat.

B.Producingelectricity.

C.Grindingwheatintoflour.

D.Pumpingwaterfromunderground.

3.Oneofthereasonswindwasrediscoveredinthe1970sisthat.

A.windpoweriscleaner

B.itisoneoftheoldestpowersources

C.itwascheapertocreateenergyfromwind

D.thesupplyofcoalandgasfailedtomeetneeds

4.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?

A.Theadvantagesofwindpower.

B.Thedesignofwindpowerplants.

C.Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.

D.Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.

容案與解析

1.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,

peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemtohave

electriclightsandradio「可推出，C項符合題意。

2.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,

peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.“可知，B項符合題目要求。

3.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollution

thatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity”可知，A項符合題意。

4.D推理判斷題。第三段最后已提出現(xiàn)在全球已越來越多地使用風力發(fā)電，所以下

一段應該要進一步推廣使用風力發(fā)電，這是一種總體的能源發(fā)展趨勢。故D項正確。

話題三:短篇故事類

（一）

（2011.山東高考）

TimRichterandhiswife,Linda,hadtaughtforover30yearsnearBuffalo,New

York-heincomputers,sheinspecialeducation."Teachingmeanseverythingtous.”

Timwouldsay.InApril1998,helearnedhewouldneedaheartoperation.Itwasthe

kindofnewsthatleadstosomeseriousthinkingaboutlife'spurpose.

Notlongafterthesurgery,TimsawabrochuredescribingImaginationLibrary,a

programstartedbyDollyParton'sfoundation（基金會）thatmailedabookevery

monthtochildrenfrombirthtoagefiveinthesingefshometownofSevier,

Tennessee.t6Ithought,maybeLindaandIcoulddosomethinglikethiswhenwe

retire."Timrecalls.Heplacedthebrochureonhisdesk,<6asareminder”.

Fiveyearslater,nowretiredandwiththatbrochurestillonthedesk,Timclicked

on.Theprogramhadbeenopeneduptopartnerswhocould

takeadvantageofbookandpostagediscounts.

ThequalityofthebookswasofgreatconcerntotheRichters.Ratherthansign

uponline,theywenttoDollywoodforalook-see.”Wedidn'twanttogivethe

childrenrubbish."saysLinda.Thebooks—reviewedeachyearbyteachers,literacy

specialists,andDollywoodboardmembers—includedclassicssuchasEzraJack

Keats'sTheSnowyDayandnewerbookslikeAnnaDewdney'sLlamaLlamaseries.

Satisfied,thecouplesetuptheRichterFamilyFoundationandgottowork.Since

2004,theyhaveshippedmorethan12,200bookstopreschoolersinthei