2023年級(jí)(2023年)軟件工程試題A

第第16頁2023-202322023級(jí)《軟件工程》期末考試試題(A考試時(shí)間：202366日班級(jí) 學(xué)號(hào) 姓名請將答案寫在答題紙上，寫明題號(hào)，不必抄題，字跡工整、清楚；請?jiān)诖痤}紙和試題紙上都寫上你的班級(jí)，學(xué)號(hào)和姓名，交卷時(shí)請將試題紙、答題紙和草紙一并交上來。一、選擇題，每題1分，共計(jì)25分。每個(gè)括號(hào)里的數(shù)字為該空的題號(hào)，從該題號(hào)對(duì)應(yīng)的備選5個(gè)一行的格式答題紙上答此題。在軟件生存期的模型中〔1〔1〕A.噴泉模型 B.基于學(xué)問的模型 C.瀑布模型 D.螺旋模型為了提高軟件開發(fā)過程的〔2限，規(guī)定開發(fā)組織的責(zé)任和產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！?〕A.可見性B.生產(chǎn)率C.安全性D.有效性〔3〕碼行數(shù)等?！?〕A.間接度量B.直接度量C.間接估算D.直接估算自頂向下估算軟件本錢的方法主要是從工程的整體動(dòng)身進(jìn)展〔4，即依據(jù)已完成工程的總本錢(或總工作量)，來推算待開發(fā)軟件的總本錢(或總工作量)，然后按比例將它安排到各開發(fā)任務(wù)單元中去?！?〕A.分解B.類推C.推導(dǎo) D.評(píng)估假設(shè)一個(gè)人單獨(dú)開發(fā)軟件50004個(gè)人組成一個(gè)小組共同開發(fā)這個(gè)軟件，250行／人年。則組中每人的生產(chǎn)率降低為〔5〕〔5〕A.4200 B.4350 C.4675 D.4375〔6MTTC〔MeanTimeToChange)。這個(gè)時(shí)間包括開頭分析變更要求、設(shè)計(jì)適宜的修改、實(shí)現(xiàn)變更并測試它、以及把這種變更發(fā)送給全部的用戶?！?〕A.牢靠性B.可修改性C.可測試性D.可維護(hù)性〔7?！?〕A.細(xì)節(jié) B.輸入與輸出 C.軟件的作者 D.繪制的時(shí)間第第26頁用于軟件設(shè)計(jì)階段，考察實(shí)現(xiàn)方案是否可行的是〔8〕原型?！?〕A.探究型 B.演化型 C.試驗(yàn)型 D.增量型對(duì)于分層的數(shù)據(jù)流圖，父圖與子圖的平衡是指子圖的輸入、輸出數(shù)據(jù)流同父圖的輸入、輸出數(shù)據(jù)流〔9?！?〕A.必需全都B.數(shù)目必需相等C.名字必需一樣D.數(shù)目必需不等構(gòu)造化設(shè)計(jì)方法(SD)與構(gòu)造化分析方法(SA)一樣，遵循〔10〕的模型，承受自頂向下，逐步細(xì)化的技術(shù)。通常SD方法連續(xù)SA的工作，依據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)流圖設(shè)計(jì)程序的構(gòu)造?！?0〕A.實(shí)體-關(guān)系B.快速原型C.抽象D.瀑布面對(duì)對(duì)象技術(shù)的很多強(qiáng)有力的功能和突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)都來源于把系統(tǒng)組織成一個(gè)類的層次構(gòu)造。一個(gè)類的上層可以有父類，下層可以有子類。這種系統(tǒng)的類層次構(gòu)造的一個(gè)重要性質(zhì)是〔11通過它，一個(gè)類可共享其父類的全部數(shù)據(jù)和操作?！?1〕A.傳遞性B.復(fù)用性C.并行性D.繼承性對(duì)象模型表示了靜態(tài)的、構(gòu)造化的系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)性質(zhì)，描述了系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)構(gòu)造。它是從現(xiàn)實(shí)世界實(shí)體的相互關(guān)系的角度來描述、表現(xiàn)對(duì)象間的相互關(guān)系。該模型主要關(guān)心系統(tǒng)中對(duì)象的構(gòu)造、屬性和操作，使用了〔12〕的工具來刻劃。〔12〕A.E-R圖B.對(duì)象圖C.系統(tǒng)流程圖D.系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造圖從已覺察故障的存在到找到準(zhǔn)確的故障位置并確定故障的性質(zhì)，這一過程稱為〔13?！?3〕A.錯(cuò)誤檢測 B.故障排解 C.調(diào)試 D.測試Thetestingphaseofsoftwaredevelopmentdoesn”trequire:〔14〕〔14〕A.Testingthattheimplementationcompilescorrectly.Testingthattheimplementationmatchesthedesign.Testingthattheimplementationmatchestherequirements.Testingthatthecomponentsoftheimplementationworkseparatelyandtogether.Thesoftwarecrisisexistsbecause:〔15〕〔15〕A.Programmersarelazyandmanagersareignorant.Thereisasyetnoprovenscientificmethodforbuildingrobust,efficient,reliableandcost-effectivesoftware.Therecanneverbeaprovenscientificmethodforbuildingrobust,efficient,reliableandcost-effectivesoftware.Theareprovenscientificmethodsforbuildingrobust,efficient,reliableandcost-effectivesoftware,buttheyaretoodifficultformostsoftwaredeveloperstounderstand.Logicalerrorsaretypicallyfound:〔16〕〔16〕A.Whereyouleastexpectthem.Inthecodethatisleastcommonlyexecuted.Bythecompileratcompiletime.Atrandompointsinthecode.Agoodtestprogram:〔17〕〔17〕A.Findsadifferenterroreachtimewhenitisused.Findsthesameerrorbyseveraldifferentmethods.Hasalowprobabilityoffindingaknownerror.Noneoftheabove.Thethreestagesoftheanalysisphaseare:〔18〕〔18〕A.Discovery,design,implementationDiscovery,refinement,designDiscovery,modeling,designDiscovery,refinement,modelingThesoftwarecrisisis:〔19〕〔19〕A.Howexpensivesoftwareistodevelop.Howlongittakestobuildsoftware.Howhardsoftwareistowrite.Alloftheabove.Arequirementsspecificationis:〔20〕〔20〕A.Aroughlistofthingsthattheproposedsoftwareoughttodo.Aroughlistofthingsthattheproposedsoftwareoughttodo.Aformallistofthingsthattheproposedsoftwaremustdo.Anestimateoftheresources(time,money,personnel,etc.)whichwillberequiredtoconstructtheproposedsoftware.SoftwareEngineeringisbestdescribedas:〔21〕〔21〕A.Thepracticeofdesigning,building,andmaintainingoff-the-shelfsoftwarefromprefabricatedparts.Thepracticeofdesigning,buildingandmaintainingad-hocsoftwarewithouttheuseofformalmethods.Thepracticeofdesigning,buildingandmaintainingreliableandcost-effectivesoftwareusingstandardtechniques.Thepracticeofdesigning,buildingandmaintainingfastandflexiblesoftwarespecificallyforEngineeringapplications.Whatistheanalysisphaseofsoftwareengineering?〔22〕〔22〕A.Wheretheorganizationdecideswhatsoftwareitneedstodevelop.Whereasoftwareengineerdeterminestherequirementsforasoftwaresystem.Whereasoftwaredesignisanalyzedforcorrectness.Wherethecost-benefitsanalysisofaproposedsystemdesignismade.Thedifferencebetweenverificationandvalidationis〔23〕〔23〕A.Theyaredifferentnamesforwhatisessentiallythesameprocess.Verificationtestsvalidation:itaskstesterstoverifythatcodeisvalid.Verificationrelatestoimplementationwhereasvalidationisprincipallyconcernedwithdesign.Verificationasksifwearebuildingtherightproduct,whereasvalidationasksiftheproductwasbuiltright.Whatisthesinglelargestcomputer-relatedcostformostorganizations?〔24〕〔24〕A.Softwareanalysisanddesign.Softwareimplementation.Softwaretesting.Softwaremaintenance.Theoutcomeoftheanalysisphaseis:〔25〕〔25〕A.Sufficientunderstandingoftheproblemtosuggestasolution(orsolutions).Sufficientunderstandingoftheproblemtowriteaformaldescriptionofit.Sufficientunderstandingoftheproblemtowritearequirementspecification.Sufficientunderstandingoftheproblemtowriteadesignspecification.二、推斷正誤，每題1分，共計(jì)15分。對(duì)的寫“5題冊上答復(fù)此題。軟件需求分析階段的工作可以劃分以下四個(gè)方面：對(duì)問題的識(shí)別、分析與綜合、制定需求規(guī)格說明和階段性報(bào)告。軟件需求分析應(yīng)從問題的信息域和功能域動(dòng)身。信息域應(yīng)包括信息流、信息內(nèi)容和信息內(nèi)容。爭論開發(fā)資源的有效性屬于技術(shù)可行性的一局部。軟件需求分析的任務(wù)不應(yīng)包括構(gòu)造化程序設(shè)計(jì)。一個(gè)局部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)當(dāng)它作為某些加工的數(shù)據(jù)接口時(shí)就把它畫出來。在系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造圖中，上級(jí)模塊與其下屬模塊之間的調(diào)用關(guān)系用有向線段表示。這時(shí)，使用斜的線段和水平、垂直的線段具有一樣的含義。繼承有單繼承和多繼承。單繼承指的是子類只有一個(gè)父類，在一個(gè)類層次構(gòu)造中假設(shè)只有單繼承，則該類層次構(gòu)造是樹形構(gòu)造。多繼承指的是子類可以有多個(gè)父類，在一個(gè)類層次構(gòu)造中假設(shè)有多繼承，則該類層次構(gòu)造是樹形層次構(gòu)造。軟件的完整性是度量一個(gè)系統(tǒng)抗拒對(duì)它的容錯(cuò)性攻擊(事故的和人為的)的力氣。Adesignmethodologythatusesmodularprototypestobuildthecompletesystemisfunctionaldecompositioninsoftwaresystemdesign.ThesoftwareEngineeringprocesslayerincludestools,methodsandprocess.Entityrelationshipdiagramisusedtomodelaggregatesofinformationandtherelationships.Thepreliminarydesignistheresultofmappingproductrequirementsintosoftwareandhardwarefunctions.Testingthatlooksatpredicateconditionsincodeisknownasexecutionpathtesting.Asystemthatiscomposedofmodulesiscalledmodularsystems.Thetermqualitymeasurementisusedinternationally todescribeaprocesswhichensuresanddemonstratesthequalityoftheproductsandservicesitproducts.30分。軟件工程的根本原則有哪些？逐步求精、分層過程與抽象等概念之間的相互關(guān)系如何？如何理解模塊獨(dú)立性？用什么指標(biāo)來衡量模塊獨(dú)立性？Listthestepsofsoftwaredevelopment,androlesofdevelopers.Whysoftwareprocessmodeling?ListthestagesofWaterfallmodel,andstatetheadvantagesandshortageoftheWaterfallmodel.四、分析題〔30分〕使用該系統(tǒng)進(jìn)展指紋識(shí)別，即系統(tǒng)識(shí)別學(xué)生的指紋，然后將識(shí)別的指紋信息與系統(tǒng)中保存的學(xué)生指紋信息進(jìn)展匹配，假設(shè)匹配成功則將識(shí)別出的學(xué)生身份和當(dāng)前日期、時(shí)間等信息保存到學(xué)生出勤數(shù)據(jù)庫中；假設(shè)匹配不成功，則返回錯(cuò)誤信息，學(xué)生需再次進(jìn)展指紋輸入；教務(wù)人員可以在需要的時(shí)候使用該系統(tǒng)生成學(xué)生的出勤狀況統(tǒng)計(jì)分析表。用系統(tǒng)識(shí)別自己的指紋信息進(jìn)而識(shí)別自己的身份，同時(shí)系統(tǒng)可以將登錄信息存儲(chǔ)在數(shù)據(jù)庫中。“上課登記”用例的主要大事流如下：(studentselect“entranceregistry”fromthesystemmenu)；系統(tǒng)顯示指紋識(shí)別界面；(thesystemdisplaythefingerprintrecognizeinterface)學(xué)生將手指放置于界面上；(studentpresstherightfingerontheinterface)(thesystemcaptureandrecognizethestudent