中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)(代詞)

中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)（代詞）代詞是用來(lái)代替名詞或名詞詞組的詞，因此代詞在句子中的功能和名詞一樣，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，有些代詞還可修飾名詞。英語(yǔ)代詞可分為人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞、相互代詞等九種?，F(xiàn)把學(xué)過(guò)的六種代詞介紹如下：代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)人稱(chēng)代詞主格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey賓格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem物主代詞形容詞性myyourhis,her,itsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代詞this,thatthese,those不定代詞可數(shù)each,one,many,(a)few,both,another,either,neither不可數(shù)much,(a)little可數(shù)、不可數(shù)all,some,none,such,any,other復(fù)合不定代詞anybody(one,thing),somebody(one,thing),nobody(thing),everybody(one,thing)疑問(wèn)代詞who,whom,whose,which,what1．人稱(chēng)代詞表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”“它”“我們”、“你們”、“他們”等的詞，叫做人稱(chēng)代詞。人稱(chēng)代詞的排列有以下幾種；①我、你、他第二人稱(chēng)→第三人稱(chēng)→第一人稱(chēng)即：you，heandI②她和老師名詞→人稱(chēng)代詞即：theteacherandshe③我、他和一些別的人人稱(chēng)代詞→其他代詞即：he，Iandsomeothers④第三人稱(chēng)兩性（性別）并用時(shí)，如：他和她；即：heandshe2．物主代詞物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系，分為形容詞性和名詞性?xún)煞N，形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ)，名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。形容詞性物主代詞后要跟名詞。名詞性物主代詞可以單獨(dú)使用，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞加上一個(gè)名詞。物主代詞有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的區(qū)別。例：Thisismydictionary．Yours(=Yourdictionary)isonthedesk．一Isthisyourclassroom?—No．It'stheirs(=theirclassroom)．3．反身代詞表示動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作反回到施動(dòng)者本身，一般是由第一、二人稱(chēng)的形容詞性物主代詞或第三人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格加上self(復(fù)數(shù)selves)構(gòu)成，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，反身代詞可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。例如：Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish．(作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))Hethinksmoreofhimselfthan“others．(作介詞賓語(yǔ))Imyselfdidit．（作同位語(yǔ)）Ispoketothemanagerhimself．（作同位語(yǔ)）注：反身代詞常接在動(dòng)詞enjoy,hurt,help等詞后。4．指示代詞指示代詞是將所指事物與同類(lèi)中的其他事物區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)的一種代詞。表示：“這個(gè)”、“那個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念。指示代詞在句中相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞的作用，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。例如：This(That)iswhatIwanttosay．(作主語(yǔ))Weshouldalwayskeepthis(these)inmind．（作賓語(yǔ)）Forthese(those)reasons，Iwaslate．（作定語(yǔ)）Thereasonisthis．（作表語(yǔ)）5．不定代詞不定代詞用來(lái)代替或修飾任何不定數(shù)量和不定范圍的人和事物。不定代詞可代替名詞或形容詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。下面舉例說(shuō)明：①some和anysome(一些)、any(一些、任何)修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。some用在肯定句中，any多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。例如：Therearesomebooksinthedesk．Therearenotanybooksinthedesk．Haveyouanymoney?注意：some可用于表示邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句或用于說(shuō)話者希望得到肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中，any有時(shí)也用于肯定句，表示“任何的”“任何一個(gè)”“任何一些”等。例如：—Wouldyoulikesometea?（希望對(duì)方肯定回答）—Yes,thankyou.—CouldIaskyousomequestions?（希望對(duì)方肯定回答）—Ofcourse,youcan.Youcanaskmeanyquestions.（任何問(wèn)題）②little、alittle、few、afewlittle、alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞，few、afew修旆可數(shù)名詞；alittle、afew表示肯定的概念，即：盡管少但“有”；few、little表示否定的概念，表示“沒(méi)有”。例如：Thereisalittlewaterintheriver.Youcanwalkacrossit.Thereislittlewaterintheriver.Youhavetoswimacrossit.Hehasfewfriends,soheoftenfeelslonely.IhaveafewfriendsinAmerica．Ioftenwritetothem.③each、every、everybody、everyone、everything。each相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞，用作定語(yǔ)或單獨(dú)使用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。every不可單獨(dú)使用，它必須放在名詞等前，只能作定語(yǔ)。each與every的區(qū)別：1)each側(cè)重于單個(gè)，every側(cè)重于全體、整體。2)each用于二者或二者以上，every用于三者或三者以上。everybody與everyone相同，意思是“每人、人人”。everything意思是“一切”“每件事”。例如：Twoboyscameintotheclassroom．Eachworearedcoat.Everystudenthasanewbook．Everybodyknowsthisthing．(don’tthey?)Everythinggoeswell．(doesn’tit?)(把上面兩個(gè)句子改為反意疑問(wèn)句，注意用什么代詞代替everybody,everything)④both、either、neitherboth、either、neither都與“兩個(gè)”有關(guān)。both“(兩者)都---”"全”，指兩個(gè)人或事物，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。例如：Bothbooksaregood．Therearealotoftreesonbothsidesoftheroad.either(兩個(gè)中間的)任何一個(gè)，這個(gè)或那個(gè)”，可作主、賓、定語(yǔ)。例如：Therearetwobooks.Youmaytakeeitherofthem．—Wouldyoulikeacupofteaorcoffee?—EitherisOK.neither“(兩者之間)一個(gè)也不---”，neither是either的否定形式，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。例如：NeitherofthemknowsJapanese．EitherLiorWangknowsEnglish．⑤none、no、nobody、noone、nothingnone、no、nobody、noone、nothing都與“無(wú)”有關(guān)。none用于指人或物，可與of短語(yǔ)連用，用作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，而且常用于習(xí)語(yǔ)中。nothing“沒(méi)有東西；沒(méi)有什么(=notanything)”，若作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：—Istherenothinginthebox?—No.It'sempty．一Howmanyelephantsdidyouseethere?—None．—Whatdidyouseeinthezooyesterday?—Nothing.注意：以上兩句中的答句N(xiāo)one,Nothing不可相互替代。no表示“沒(méi)有(任何的)---”，等于notany---或nota(an)---。例如：Hehasnomoney．（=Hehasnotanymoney.）WehavenolessonsonSundays.(=WehavenotanylessonsonSundays.)Shehasnobrother.(=Shehasnotabrother.)nobody或noone后不可接of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示“某些人當(dāng)中”；⑥a11a11作形容詞且與名詞連用時(shí)，名詞前需加the或one's，即：allthe(one’s)+名詞。例如：IwillteachEnglishallmylife．Allthepeoplearehere．當(dāng)all代替可數(shù)名詞作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；當(dāng)all代替不可數(shù)名詞作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例：Allarehere．Let’sbeginourmeeting.(all代替所有參加會(huì)議的人)Alliswellthatendswell.（all代替所有事情）⑦other、theother、others、theothers、anothertheother指兩者中的另外一個(gè)。例：Hehastwopens，oneisblue，theotherisyellow．other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=others相同，泛指其他的人或物。例：Somestudentsarecarryingwater，others(otherstudents)arewateringthetrees．theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=theothers，特指一定范圍內(nèi)的其他人或物。例：TherearefiftystudentsinMissGao’sclass,twentystudentsareboys,theothersaregirls．theother+數(shù)詞，指剩余的數(shù)目。例：Heboughtthreepencils，oneisforme，theothertwoareforhim．a(chǎn)nother+單數(shù)名詞或another+數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。表示在原來(lái)基礎(chǔ)上再來(lái)一個(gè)或一些。例：Idon'tlikethecolorofthisbag.MayIhavealookatanotherone．MayIhaveanotherthreebooks?6．疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，which，what等。①who和whatwho問(wèn)姓名，what問(wèn)職業(yè)。例：—Whoishe?—HeisSmith．—What'syourfather?—Heisaworker．②what和whichwhich表示在一定數(shù)目(或范圍)之內(nèi)的選擇，某某范圍內(nèi)的“哪一個(gè)”“哪一些”；what則沒(méi)有這種限制。例：Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforlunch?你通常午餐吃什么？Whichdoyouprefer，appleorpear?蘋(píng)果和梨，你喜歡哪一個(gè)？WhichofyoucomesfromBeijing?你們當(dāng)中哪一個(gè)來(lái)自北京？③whom和whosewhom作賓語(yǔ)，whose作定語(yǔ)。例：Withwhomisshetalkingnow?Whosebookisonthedesk?典型錯(cuò)句分析1.—Isthereanyoneintheclassroom?—None.[解析]None→Noone。none是對(duì)all,即三個(gè)以上的否暄，后面常接帶of的短語(yǔ)。而noone代表單數(shù)名詞，意為“沒(méi)有一個(gè)人”，不能與of連用。2.Thebirdbuildsitsnestinthetree.[解析]it’s→its。it’s是itis或ithas的省略形式，而its則是物主代詞“它的”，意義不同，不能混淆。3.Ilikenoneofthetwonovels.none→neither。對(duì)兩者both否定應(yīng)為neither。4.DoyouthinktheTVsetsmadeinShanghaiarebetterthanonesmadeinBeijingare?[解析]ones→those。one,ones和that,those皆可代替前面的名詞，避免重復(fù)但one,ones要求有代詞或形容詞之類(lèi)的前置定語(yǔ)；that,those則要求有介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)或從句一類(lèi)的后置定語(yǔ)。例：—Whatkindofice-creamwouldyoulike?—Abigpinkone.Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.典型錯(cuò)句解析1.–Isthereanyoneintheclassroom?–None.[解析]None→Noone。None是對(duì)all，即三個(gè)以上的否定，后面通常接帶of的短語(yǔ)。而noone代表單數(shù)名詞，意為“沒(méi)有一個(gè)人”，不能與of連用。2.Thebirdbuildsitsnestinthetree.[解析]it’s→its是itis或ithas的省略形式，而its則是物主代詞“它的”，意義不同，不能混淆。3.Ilikenoneofthetwonovels.[解析]none→neither.對(duì)兩者both否定應(yīng)為neither。代詞練習(xí)A)人稱(chēng)代詞()1.Isthispicture________?A.my B.her C.yours D.our()2.Someof________areYoungPioneers.A.they B.their C.them D.themselves()3.Afriendof________camehereyesterday.A.my B.his C.her D.your()4.Isaw________inthestreetyesterdayafternoon.A.he B.his C.him D.himself()6.Marydecidedtodothework________.A.she B.hers C.herself D.himself()9.Whosepencil-boxisthis?It’s________.A.he B.hisC.himD.he’s()11.Shetold________afriendof________wouldgotoAmerica.A.him;her B.his;hers C.him;hers D.he;she’s()12.________pencil-boxisbeautiful.But________ismorebeautifulthan________.A.Tom’s;my;he B.Tom’s;mine;hisC.Toms;mine;himD.Tom’s;my;his()13.Mostof________wanttodothework________.A.us;ourselves B.us;ours C.we;ourselves D.ours;ourselves()14.Whoseexercise-booksarethese?Theyare________.A.their B.theirs C.them D.their’s()15.Didthechildrenenjoy________lastSunday?A.them B.themselves C.himself D.themselves()16.Don’ttellmetheanswer.I’llworkouttheproblem________.A.byme B.myself C.myself D.me()17.Help________tosomemeat,please.A.you B.your C.yourself D.yours()18.LeiFengwasalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heneverthoughtof________.A.him B.his C.himself D.he()19.Theirroomisonthefirstfloorand________isonthesecond.A.our B.ours C.us D.ourselves()20.Afriendof________willgive________atalknextMonday.A.him;our B.his;we C.his;us D.he;ours()21.Thatis________violin.A.Tom B.Tom’s C.Toms D.Toms’()22.Thehospitalisabitfarfromhere.It’sabout________.A.fortyminutes’swalk B.fortyminute’swalkC.fortyminuteswalk D.fortyminutes’walkB）不定代詞()1.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblue.A.theother B.others C.other D.another()2.There________wrongwithmybike.A.aresomething B.areanything C.isanything D.issomething()4.Therearetwomapsonthewall.OneisamapofAmerica,________isamapoftheworld.A.others B.other C.theother D.another()5.I’mnotbusy.Haven’t________todo.A.something B.everything C.nothing D.anything()6.Hisparentsare________doctors.A.each B.all C.both D.noone()7.Ofthethreeforeignfriends,oneisfromLondon,________twoarefromNewYork.A.other B.theother C.others D.theothers()8.Arethesetwobooksinteresting?Yes,________ofthemareinteresting.A.both B.all C.either D.neither()9.MarywantedtohaveaworkwithTom.Shehad________totellhim.A.importantsomething B.nothingimportantC.anythingimportant D.somethingimportant()10.There________wrongwiththemachine.A.aren’tsomething B.aren’tanything C.isn’tsomething D.isn’tanything()11.MyparentsareIare________interestedinmusic.A.both B.all C.neither D.no()12.Lookatthosestudents.Somearecleaningthewindow,________aresweepingthefloor.A.theother B.other C.others D.theothers()13.Shehasanappleinonehandandaknifein________.A.other B.theother C.another D.others()14.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks,butyoumustn’tlenditto________.A.other B.others C.theother D.theothers()15.IstudyChinese,Englishandsome________subjects.A.other B.theother C.others D.theothers()16.Dotheyoftentalktoeach________inEnglish?A.others B.theother C.other D.theothers()17.Worldyoulike________milk?A.some B.any C.little D.afew()18.________beastsnorbirdswouldhavethebatastheirfriend.A.Either B.Neither C.Not D.Both()19.I’mhungry.Pleasegiveme________toeat.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing()20.Marysingsbetterthan________oftheothergirlsinherclass.Shesingsbest.A.some B.any C.most D.one()21.Thisstoryismoreinterestingthan________two.A.other B.others C.theother D.theothers()22.Allthestudentshadgoneout.Therewas________intheclassroom.A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody()23.Since________ishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.A.anybody B.everybody C.somebody D.nobody()24.________hastakenmypencilbymistake.Ican’tfindit.A.Somebody B.Everybody C.Nobody D.Anyone()25.Didtheyfind________inthepark? No,theyfound________there.A.anybody;nobody B.somebody;everybodyC.anybody;somebody D.everybody;anybody()26.TomandMaryare________goodatFrench.A.each B.both C.noone D.all()27.Shemade________mistakesinherexercisesA.any B.another C.no D.one()28.Therearefiftystudentsintheirclass.________ofthemareleaguemembers.A.Both B.Either C.All D.Noone()29.Wemustlearnfrom________other.A.every B.on C.each D.all()30.Thestudentshave__________onSundays.A.noanyclasses B.noclass C.noclasses D.noanyclass()31.Thereisn’t________ontheplayground.A.anyone B.everyone C.nobody D.anypeople()32.Ifyouneedaruler.I’lllendyou________.A.some B.one C.another D.theone()33.Ihavetwofriends.OneisfromAustralia,________isfromJapan.A.other B.theother C.another D.othersC）不定代詞little,alittle,few,afew()1.Thefilmisnotinteresting.________peoplelikeit.A.Little B.Alittle C.Few D.Afew()2.Thatteacherwastoobusytoworkinhisoffice.Hehad________timetodothework.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()3.TheartisthaslearnedRussianforfourmonthsandhecanwrite________Russiannow.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()4.Don'thurry!Youstillhave________time.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew()5.Thereis________inkinthebottle.Ihavetobuysome.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew()6.Tommadequite________mistakesinthetest.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()7.CanyouspeakEnglish?Yes,butonly________.I’vestudieditforonly________months.A.alittle;few B.little;afew C.alittle;afew D.few;alittle()8.Wouldyoulikesomemeat?Yes,just________.A.afew B.few C.alittle D.little()9.Bequick!Thereis________timeleft.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew()10.Thequestionissodifficultthat________studentscananswerit.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()11.Youdidquitewellinthetest.Youmade________mistakes.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()13.HaveyouanyfriendsinPairs?Yes,Ihave________there.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()14.Tomwasillyesterday,butheis________bettertoday.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle()15.Thechildrenwanttoplay________longer.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew()16.Sorry,Ican’tansweryourquestions.Iknow________aboutthesubject.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittleD）疑問(wèn)代詞()1.________wenttotheGreatWallwithyou?A.What B.When C.Who D.Whose()2.________isJim’sbag,theblueoneortheredone? A.Which B.What C.Whose D.Where()3.________newspaperisthis?It’smine.A.Who’s B.Whom C.Which D.Whose()4.________didJackdolastSunday?A.When B.What C.Where D.Who()5.________isyourfather?Heisverywell,thankyou.A.What B.Who C.How D.Where()6.________willyouhavethemeeting?Tomorrowmorning.A.Where B.When C.How D.Who()7.________areyoudoingnow?I’mmakingamodelplane.A.What B.When C.How D.Where()8.Doyouknow________they’retalkingabout?A.where B.why C.what D.how()9.Doyouknow________daughtersheis?A.where Bwhose C.what D.which()10.Couldyoutellme________trainisleavingforShanghai?A.what B.which C.where D.when()11.________subjectsdoyouhavethisyear?A.Which B.When C.What D.Whom()12.________doyoufindeasiertolearn,EnglishorChinese?A.What B.Which C.How D.Where()13.________dowehaveforlunch?A.What B.When C.Where D.How()14.________didyoumeetatthestation?A.What B.Who C.Where D.Why()15.________doyoulikethefilm?Ilikeitverymuch.A.How B.What C.When D.Where易錯(cuò)題—Mr.Smithmusthavebeentoyourhomethismorning.

—No,he

_______

,becausehedidn’tknowmyaddress.A.couldn’t

B.can’t

C.mustn’t

D.mayno