Bolivia玻利維亞一個(gè)國(guó)家的英語(yǔ)介紹

Bolivia:AnEnglishIntroductiontoaCountryinBolivia目錄CountryOverviewhistoricalbackgroundCulturalcharacteristicsTouristattractionsFoodandspecialtiessummary01CountryOverview0102LocationBoliviaislocatedinSouthAmerica,borderingPeru,Chile,Argentina,Paraguay,andBrazil.CapitalCityLaPazisthecapitalcityofBolivia.PopulationThepopulationofBoliviaisapproximately11millionpeople.LanguageTheofficiallanguageofBoliviaisSpanish.However,therearealsoseveralIndigenouslanguagesspokenthroughoutthecountry.GovernmentBoliviaisapresidentialrepublicwithabicamerallegislature.030405GeneralInformationTerrainBoliviahasadiverseterrainthatincludestheAndesMountains,theAmazonBasin,andLakeTiticaca,theworld'shighestnavigablelake.ClimateTheclimateofBoliviavariesdependingontheregion.TheAndesMountainshaveacoolanddryclimate,whiletheAmazonBasinhasahotandhumidclimate.GeographyandClimateMajorIndustriesBoliviahassignificantminingandagriculturalindustries.Naturalresourcesincludesilver,tin,zinc,andnaturalgas.CurrencyTheofficialcurrencyofBoliviaistheBoliviano.EconomyTraditionalClothing01TraditionalclothinginBoliviaincludesthepollera,alongskirtwornbywomen,andtheponcho,asquarepieceofclothwornbymen.MusicandDance02Bolivianmusicanddancearerichanddiverse,withmanydifferentstylesfoundthroughoutthecountry.Religion03ThemajorityofBoliviansareRomanCatholics,buttherearealsosignificantnumbersofProtestantsandadherentsofIndigenousreligions.CultureandSociety02historicalbackgroundThePre-ColumbianPeriodThepre-ColumbianperiodinBoliviabeganwiththeinitialsettlementoftheregionbyIndigenouspeoplesandendedwiththearrivaloftheSpanishinthe16thcentury.SummaryDuringthisperiod,severalIndigenousculturesflourishedinBolivia,includingtheTiwanakuandIncacivilizations.Theseculturesestablishedcomplexsocialstructures,builtmonumentalarchitecture,anddevelopedsophisticatedagriculturalpractices.DetailsTheSpanishcolonialperiodinBoliviabeganinthe16thcenturyandlasteduntiltheearly19thcentury.SummaryTheSpanishcolonizersbroughtEuropeandiseasesthatdecimatedtheIndigenouspopulation,establishedCatholicmissions,andintroducedEuropeancropssuchaswheatandcattle.TheyalsoextractedvastamountsofsilverandtinfromBolivia'smines.DetailsTheSpanishColonialPeriodSummaryThewarofindependenceinBoliviabeganintheearly19thcenturyandendedwithBolivia'sdeclarationofindependencefromSpainin1825.DetailsThewarwasfoughtbetweenBolivianrevolutionariesandSpanishroyalists.ItwasabloodyconflictthatledtothedeathsofthousandsofBoliviansandtheendofSpanishruleintheregion.TheWarofIndependenceSummary:Sinceitsindependencein1825,Boliviahasexperiencedperiodsofpoliticalinstability,economicboomandbust,andsocialunrest.Details:Boliviahashad19differentconstitutionsandhasexperiencedcoupsandrevolutions.Thecountryhasalsostruggledwithpoliticalcorruption,ethnictensions,andsocialinequality.However,Boliviahasalsomadesignificantprogressinrecentyears,withtheriseofleft-wingpoliticalmovementsandtheexploitationofnaturalresourcessuchaslithium,whichhasledtoeconomicgrowth.TheModernHistoryofBolivia03CulturalcharacteristicsInfrastructureTheBolivianpeoplehavearichhistoryofweavingandpottery,andtheirhandicraftsareoftensoldinmarketsandatroadsidestands.CuisineNativeAmericandishessuchas_papasrellenas_(mashedpotatoesstuffedwithgroundbeefandfried)and_ajidegallina_(aspicychickenstew)arecommonplaceinBoliviancuisine.ArtandmusicBolivianmusicanddance,suchasthe_charango_(asmallguitar)andthe_tinku_(atraditionaldance),reflecttheNativeAmericaninfluence.TheNativeAmericaninfluenceLanguageSpanishistheofficiallanguageofBolivia,butQuechuaandAymaraarealsowidelyspoken,especiallyinruralareas.ReligionThemajorityofBoliviansareRomanCatholic,butthereisalsoasignificantProtestantminority.ArchitectureTheSpanishcolonialarchitectureisevidentinBolivia'scities,withbuildingslikethePresidentialPalaceandtheCathedralofLaPazstandingasexamples.TheSpanishinfluence010203IdentityMestizos,whoareofmixedNativeAmericanandEuropeandescent,makeupthemajorityofBolivia'spopulation.TheyoftenidentifystronglywithboththeirNativeAmericanandEuropeanheritage.FestivalsManyBolivianfestivals,suchasCarnivalandtheFeastoftheVirginofCopacabana,celebratebothNativeAmericanandCatholictraditions.ArtMestizoartistsoftenblendtraditionalNativeAmericanmotifswithEuropeanstyles,creatingauniqueartisticstylethatisdistinctlyBolivian.Themestizoculture04TouristattractionsArchaeologicalsitesTiwanaku-Apre-IncancivilizationsiteinwesternBolivia,knownforitsstonemonumentsandtemples.Samaipata-AnancientIncansiteintheeasternBolivianAndes,featuringterracedfieldsandafortress.0102NaturallandscapesUyuniSaltFlats-AvastexpanseofsaltflatinsouthwesternBolivia,offeringuniquephotoopportunities.DeathRoad-AtreacherousmountainroadinBolivia'sAmazonBasinknownforitsthrillingmotorcyclerides.LaPaz-Bolivia'scapitalcity,knownforitscolorfulstreetmarketsandbustlingnightlife.Sucre-AcolonialcityincentralBolivia,famousforitsbaroquearchitectureandcobblestonestreets.Cityexperiences05FoodandspecialtiesVSBoliviaisfamousforitspotatoes,andeveryyearinAugust,thePotatoFestivalisheldinthecityofLaPaz.Thisfestivalshowcasesthecountry'srichpotatovarieties,includingthefamousAndeanpotatoes.DetailsThefestivalfeaturespotato-baseddishes,potato-themedculturalevents,andevenaWorldPotatoCookingCompetition.VisitorscantastetraditionalBoliviandisheslike_papasrellenas_(potatocroquettes)and_oca?a_(potatosoup).Summary1.ThefamousPotatoFestivalSummaryChairoisatraditionalBoliviandishthatisamixofdifferentmeats,grains,andvegetables.Itisaheartyandfillingmealthatisoftenservedwith_mote_(hominy)and_chancaca_(unrefinedbrownsugar).DetailsTheexactingredientsofChairovaryfromregiontoregion,butittypicallyincludeschicken,beef,pork,rice,beans,andvariousvegetables.Thedishisslow-cookedoverlowheatforseveralhoursuntilalltheflavorshaveinfusedintothemeatandvegetables.2.TheuniqueChairodishIncaKolaisafamoussoftdrinkinBoliviathathasauniquetasteandcolor.Itisapopularchoiceforlocalsandvisitorsalike.SummaryIncaKolahasabrightyellowcolorandauniquesweet-sourtastethatisrefreshingandthirst-quenching.ItisoftenservedcoldandisapopularchoiceforbreaksduringthehotBolivianafternoons.Details3.ThefamousIncaKolasoftdrink06summaryBoliviaisalandlockedcountrylocatedintheheartofSouthAmerica,borderedbyPeru,Chile,Argentina,Paraguay,andBrazil.Thecountryisdividedintothreemainregions:theAltiplano(highplateau),theAmazonBasin,andtheChacoregion.Boliviahasarichbiodiversitywithmanyuniqueplantandanimalspecies,includingtheAmazonrainforestandtheAndesmountainrange.1.LocationandGeographyBoliviawasoriginallysettledbytheIncacivilizationbeforetheSpanishconquestinthe16thcentury.Boliviahasarichhistoryofsocialmovementsandpoliticaluprisings,oftencenteredaroundlandrightsandresourcedistribution.ThecountryachievedindependencefromSpainin1825andhassincet